Working papers in the series were prepared in full or in part by SEC staff economists in the Division of Economic and Risk Analysis. They investigate a broad range of issues relevant to the Commission's mission and are disseminated to stimulate discussion and critical comment to the benefit of the public. DERA Working Papers are preliminary materials that have not been approved by the Commission and reflect only the views of the author(s).

White papers and analyses are prepared by SEC staff in the course of rulemaking and other Commission initiatives. Some of these materials are available elsewhere on the Commission website.

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Staff Papers and Analyses Table

Date
Title
Type
Date: Title: Tick Sizes and Market Quality: Revisiting the Tick Size Pilot

Yashar H. Barardehi, Peter Dixon, Qiyu Liu, and Ariel Lohr

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: DERA Economic and Financial Outlook April 2021(PDF) Type: Quarterly Outlook
Date: Title: DERA Economic and Financial Outlook February 2021(PDF) Type: Quarterly Outlook
Date: Title: Analysis of PM Cash-Settled Index Option Pilots (PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: DERA Quarterly Economic and Risk Outlook Nov 2020(PDF) Type: Quarterly Outlook
Date: Title: Pre-trade Information in the Corporate Bond Market

Louis Craig, Abby Kim and Seung Won Woo

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: U.S. Credit Markets Interconnectedness and the Effects of the COVID-19 Economic Shock(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Report to Congress on Regulation A / Regulation D Performance(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Misconduct and Fraud in Unregistered Offerings(PDF)

Rachita Gullapalli

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: DERA Quarterly Economic and Risk Outlook Jul 2020(PDF) Type: Quarterly Outlook
Date: Title: Cash Management and Extreme Liquidity Demand of Mutual Funds

Giulio Girardi, Christof Stahel, and Youchang W

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: U.S. Investors' Exposure to Domestic Chinese Issuers(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: DERA Quarterly Economic and Risk Outlook Apr 2020(PDF) Type: Quarterly Outlook
Date: Title: The Unit-Weighted Mean - Because Size Matters

Eugene Canjels

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Bond Liquidity and Dealer Inventories: Insights from US and European Regulatory Data

Plamen Ivanov, Alexei Orlov, and Michael Schihl

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: DERA Quarterly Economic and Risk Outlook Nov 2019(PDF)

Abstract

The Division of Economic Risk Analysis (DERA) has issued its inaugural quarterly report, which touches on a variety of topics such as macroeconomic indicators, monetary policy and interest rates, financial market signals, market segments and research on collateralized loan obligations.

 Type: Quarterly Outlook
Date: Title: The Distribution of Leveraged ETF Returns(PDF) Type: Economics Notes
Date: Title: Encouraging Broker and Adviser Background Checks: A Randomized Study on Twitter

K. Jeremy Ko, Sai Rao, and Parth Venkat

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Tick Size Pilot Plan Threshold Analysis

Edwin Hu, Paul Hughes, John Ritter, Patti Vegella, and Hao Zhang

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Does the Tick Size Affect Stock Prices? Evidence from the Tick Size Pilot Announcement of the Test Groups and the Control Group

Salil Pachare and Ilia Rainer

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Capital Raising in the U.S.: An Analysis of the Market for Unregistered Securities Offerings

Scott Bauguess, Rachita Gullapalli, and Vladimir Ivanov

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Pre-trade Information in the Municipal Bond Market

Louis Craig, Abby Kim, and Seung Won Woo

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: The Financial Illiteracy and Overconfidence of Margin Traders

K. Jeremy Ko and Steven Rapkin

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Intentional Access Delays, Market Quality, and Price Discovery: Evidence from IEX Becoming an Exchange

Edwin Hu

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Tick Size Pilot Plan and Market Quality

Edwin Hu, Paul Hughes, John Ritter, Patti Vegella, and Hao Zhang

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: DERA Memorandum regarding Cornerstone Analysis of the Option Penny Pilot Program(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: The Effect of Amendment 10 of the “Limit Up-Limit Down” Pilot Plan

Paul Hughes

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: “Limit Up-Limit Down” Pilot Plan and Extraordinary Transitory Volatility

Paul Hughes, John Ritter, and Hao Zhang

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: DERA Memorandum regarding Cornerstone August 24 LULD Analysis (PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: DERA Memorandum regarding Cornerstone Analysis of Long-Lasting Straddle States(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Bats Market Close: Off-Exchange Closing Volume and Price Discovery(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Did Social Interactions Fuel or Suppress the US Housing Bubble?

K. Jeremy Ko, Christo Pirinsky

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Investor Confidence Note Oct2017(PDF) Type: Economics Notes
Date: Title: Access to Capital and Market Liquidity(PDF)

Abstract

This report to Congress includes an examination of initial public offerings and crowdfunding by small companies.

 Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: FINRA’s Pilot Program Amending Minimum Quotation Size Requirements for OTC Equity Securities(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Mutual Funds Apart From the Crowd​

Nadia Vozlyublennaia and Youchang Wu

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Hedge Fund Liquidity Management

George O. Aragon, Tolga Ergun, Mila Getmansky, and Giulio Girardi

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Hedge Funds: Portfolio, Investor, and Financing Liquidity

George O. Aragon, Tolga Ergun, Mila Getmansky, and Giulio Girardi

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: “Limit Up-Limit Down” Pilot Plan and Associated Events

Claudia E. Moise and Paca Flaherty

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: U.S. Securities-based Crowdfunding Under Title III of the JOBS Act ​

Vladimir Ivanov and Anzhela Knyazeva

Abstract

Review the report for offering activity in the Title III crowdfunding market initiated during May 16, 2016 - December 31, 2016.

 Type: White Papers
Date: Title: ​Private Liquidity Funds: Characteristics and Risk Indicators

​Daniel Hiltgen

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Outcomes of Investing in OTC Stocks

Joshua T. White

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Regulation A+: What Do We Know So Far?

​Anzhela Knyazeva

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Risk Adjustment and Haircut Schedules Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: A Pilot Survey of Agent Securities Lending Activity

Viktoria Baklanova, Cecilia Caglio, Frank Keane, Burt Porter

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Issuance Activity and Interconnectedness in the CMBS Market​

Diana Knyazeva, Charles Lin, and Jasmine Park

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Security Recommendations and the Liability of Broker-Dealers
Matthew L. Kozora
 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Mutual Funds Apart From the Crowd​
Nadia Vozlyublennaia and Youchang Wu
 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Manipulation of Illiquid Asset Indexes​

​K. Jeremy Ko, Igor Kozhanov, and Sean Wilkoff

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: The Determinants of ETF Trading Pauses on August 24th, 2015

Austin Gerig and Keegan Murphy

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Use of Derivatives by Registered Investment Companies

Daniel Deli, Paul Hanouna, Christof W. Stahel, Yue Tang and William Yost

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Capital Raising in the U.S.: An Analysis of the Market for Unregistered Securities Offerings, 2009-2014

Scott Bauguess, Rachita Gullapalli, and Vladimir Ivanov

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Liquidity and Flows of U.S. Mutual Funds

Paul Hanouna, Jon Novak, Tim Riley, and Christof Stahel

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Public versus Private Provision of Governance: The Case of Proxy Access

​Tara Bhandari, Peter Iliev, and Jonathan Kalodimos

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: The Effects of Regulating Hidden Add-on Costs

K. Jeremy Ko and Jared Williams

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Single-Name Corporate Credit Default Swaps: Background Data Analysis on Voluntary Clearing Activity

Burt Porter

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Qualified Residential Mortgage: Background Data Analysis on Credit Risk Retention

Joshua White and Scott Bauguess

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Too Fast or Too Slow? Determining the Optimal Speed of Financial Markets

Daniel Fricke and Austin Gerig

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: High-Frequency Trading Synchronizes Prices in Financial Markets

Austin Gerig

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: White Paper on Computing Tools for Promoting Sound Investment Decisions (Latest Revision)

K. Jeremy Ko

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Liquidity Risk, Speculative Trade, and the Optimal Latency of Financial Markets

Daniel Fricke and Austin Gerig

See Latest Revision (1/21/15)

Abstract

Daniel Fricke and Austin Gerig

 Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Automated Liquidity Provision

Austin Gerig and David Michayluk

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Making the Most of Good Times: Shareholder Rights and Performance Revisited

Tara Bhandari

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Differences of Opinion and Stock Prices: Evidence from Spin-Offs and Mergers

Tara Bhandari

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Going Public Abroad

Cecilia Caglio, Kathleen Weiss Hanley and Jennifer Marietta-Westberg

 DERA Working Paper 2013-01 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Do Takeover Laws Matter? Evidence from Five Decades of Hostile Takeovers

Matthew D. Cain, Stephen B. McKeon and Steven Davidoff Solomon

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Inventory risk management by dealers in the single-name credit default swap market(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Analysis of post-trade transparency under the CFTC regime(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: White Paper on Computing Tools for Promoting Sound Investment Decisions (Original Version)

K. Jeremy Ko

See Latest Revision (12/17/14)

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Interconnectedness in the CDS Market

Giulio Girardi, Craig Lewis and Mila Getmansky

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Differences in the Information Environment Prior to SEOs under Relaxed Disclosure Regulation
Sarah B. Clinton, Joshua T. White and Tracie Woidtke
 DERA Working Paper 2013-05 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: OTC Trading: Description of Non-ATS OTC Trading in National Market System Stocks

Laura Tuttle

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Demand and Supply of Safe Assets in the Economy(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Municipal Money Market Funds Exposure to Parents of Guarantors(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Liquidity Cost During Crisis Periods(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Government Money Market Fund Exposure to Non-Government Securities(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: The Economic Implications of Money Market Fund Capital Buffers
Craig M. Lewis
 DERA Working Paper 2014-01 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Going Public Abroad

Cecilia Caglio, Kathleen Weiss Hanley and Jennifer Marietta-Westberg

See Latest Version (12/1/14)

 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Alternative Trading Systems: Description of ATS Trading in National Market System Stocks

Laura Tuttle

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: The Effects of Regulating Hidden Add-on Costs

K. Jeremy Ko and Jared Williams

See Latest Version (5/9/15)

 DERA Working Paper 2013-03 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Qualified Residential Mortgage: Background Data Analysis on Credit Risk Retention

Joshua White and Scott Bauguess
See Corrected Version (2/25/15)

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Appointments of Academic Directors

Joshua T. White, Tracie Woidtke, Harold A. Black and Robert L. Schweitzer

 DERA Working Paper 2013-02 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Capital Raising in the U.S.: An Analysis of Unregistered Offerings Using the Regulation D Exemption, 2009-2012

Vladimir Ivanov and Scott Bauguess

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Analyst Competition and Monitoring:Earnings Management in Neglected Firms

Laura Lindsey and Simona Mola

 DERA Working Paper 2013-04 		Type: Working Papers
Date: Title: Money Market Fund Study: Response to Questions Posed by Commissioners Aguilar, Paredes, and Gallagher (Experience through the Financial Crisis, Efficacy of 2010 Reforms, and Potential Economic Effects of Future Reforms) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Economic Effects of Proposed Rule Changes by NYSE Arca, Inc. to List and Trade Shares of the JPM XF Physical Copper Trust (SR-NYSEArca-2012-28) and the iShares Copper Trust (SR-NYSEArca-2012-66)(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: FINRA Proposal to Reduce Minimum Quotation Size in OTC Market Tiers(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Information Regarding Activities and Positions of Participants in the Single-Name Credit Default Swap Market(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Capital Raising in the U.S.: The Significance of Unregistered Offerings Using the Regulation D Exemption

Vlad Ivanov and Scott Bauguess

See Latest Version (7/1/13)

 		Type: White Papers
Date: Title: Impact of Recent Regulation SHO Rule Changes on Fails to Deliver (Updates with Additional Data the Analysis Dated November 4, 2009)(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Security-Based Swap Block Trade Definition Analysis(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Share Ownership and Holding Period Patterns in 13F data(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Impact of Recent Regulation SHO Rule Changes on Fails to Deliver (Elimination of the Options Market Maker (OMM) Exception in Rule 203 of Regulation SHO, and Implementation of Interim Final Temporary Rule 204T and Permanent Rule 204)(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Study of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Section 404 Internal Control over Financial Reporting Requirements Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Analysis of the July 2008 Emergency Order Requiring a Pre-borrow on Short Sales(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Analysis of a Short Sale Price Test Using Intraday Quote and Trade Data(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Analysis of Short Selling Activity during the First Weeks of September 2008(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Impact of Recent Regulation SHO Rule Changes on Fails to Deliver (Elimination of the Options Market Maker (OMM) Exception in Rule 203 of Regulation SHO and Implementation of Interim Final Temporary Rule 204T)(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Impact of Recent Regulation SHO Amendment on Fails to Deliver (Elimination of the Grandfather Exception in Rule 203 of Regulation SHO)(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports
Date: Title: Fails to Deliver Statistics in Threshold Securities(PDF) Type: Studies and Reports

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