SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

(Release No. 34-47435; File No. SR-NASD-2002-168)

March 4, 2003

Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change and Amendment No. 1 Thereto by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Relating to Proposed Rule 2130 Concerning the Expungement of Customer Dispute Information From the Central Registration Depository System

Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Act"),¹ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,² notice is hereby given that on November 19, 2002, the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. ("NASD") filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC" or "Commission") the proposed rule change as described in Items I, II, and III below, which Items have been prepared by NASD. NASD amended the proposed rule change on January 28, 2003.³ The Commission is publishing this notice to solicit comments on the proposed rule change, as amended, from interested persons.

I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance of the Proposed Rule Change

NASD is proposing to adopt NASD Rule 2130 governing the expungement of customer dispute information from the Central Registration Depository ("CRD^®"or "CRD system") and various internal guidelines to be adopted by NASD regarding the handling of requests to expunge customer dispute information from the CRD System. Below is the text of the proposed rule change. Proposed rule language is in italics.

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2130. Obtaining an Order of Expungement of Customer Dispute Information from the Central Registration Depository (CRD System)

(a) Members or associated persons seeking to expunge information from the CRD system arising from disputes with public customers must obtain an order from a court of competent jurisdiction directing such expungement or confirming an arbitration award containing expungement relief.

(b) Members or associated persons petitioning a court for expungement relief or seeking judicial confirmation of an arbitration award containing expungement relief must name NASD as an additional party and serve NASD with all appropriate documents unless this requirement is waived pursuant to subparagraphs (1) or (2) below.

(1) Upon request, NASD may waive the obligation to name NASD as a party if NASD determines that the expungement relief is based on judicial or arbitral findings that:

(A) the claim, allegation or information is without factual basis;

(B) the complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted or is frivolous; or

(C) the information contained in the CRD system is defamatory in nature.

(2) If the expungement relief is based on judicial or arbitral findings other than those described above, NASD, in its sole discretion and under extraordinary circumstances, also may waive the obligation to name NASD as a party if it determines that:

(A) the expungement relief and accompanying findings on which it is based are meritorious; and

(B) the expungement would have no material adverse effect on investor protection, the integrity of the CRD system, or regulatory requirements.

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II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

In its filing with the Commission, NASD included statements concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change and discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in Item IV below. NASD has prepared summaries, set forth in Sections A, B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such statements.

A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

1. Purpose

The purpose of the proposed rule change is to establish procedures for expunging customer dispute information from the CRD system. The proposed rule will require all directives to expunge customer dispute information from the CRD system to be confirmed by or ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction. The proposed rule includes any such directives that may be in: (1) judicial proceedings seeking expungement (including proceedings seeking expungement relief resulting from settlements in disputes between public customers and member firms or their associated persons in which the parties agree to expungement of customer dispute information as part of the settlement); (2) arbitration awards rendered in disputes between public customers and member firms or their associated persons in which the parties agree to expunge customer dispute information as part of the settlement and then present the settlement to the arbitration panel for inclusion in a stipulated award; and (3) arbitration awards issued after a decision on the merits.⁴

The proposed rule also will require member firms and associated persons seeking expungement to name NASD as an additional party in any judicial proceeding seeking expungement relief or confirming an arbitration award containing expungement relief. Under the proposed rule, NASD will participate in such judicial proceedings and generally will oppose expunging dispute information in such judicial proceedings unless the arbitrators or the court have made specific findings that the subject matter of the claim or the information in the CRD system: (1) is without factual basis (i.e., is factually impossible or clearly erroneous); (2) fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted or is frivolous; or (3) is defamatory in nature. NASD will retain discretion under the proposed rule not to oppose expungement relief in exceptional cases where the basis for the expungement does not fall within one of the three standards. NASD would exercise such discretion only if it determines that the expungement is meritorious and would have no material adverse effect on investor protection, the integrity of the CRD system or regulatory requirements.

The proposed rule will also permit member firms and associated persons to ask NASD to waive the requirement to name NASD as a party on the basis that the expungement order meets at least one of the standards for expungement articulated in the proposed rule. This will save members and NASD time and expense by enabling NASD to review the findings of the arbitrators or court and determine to waive participation in the judicial proceeding if NASD determines that the findings made by the arbitrators or the court meet at least one of the standards in the rule. If the expungement order fails to meet at least one of the standards in the rule, NASD will participate in the judicial proceeding and oppose the expungement.

Consistent with existing CRD policy, certain expungement directives will not be subject to the proposed rule. For example, NASD will continue to expunge certain information that is not customer dispute information, such as certain criminal information, pursuant to federal and state law. Also, NASD may execute, without a court order, an arbitration award rendered in a dispute between a member and a current or former associated person that contains an expungement directive in which the arbitration panel states that expungement relief is being granted based on the defamatory nature of the information.

The CRD system is an on-line registration and licensing system for the U.S. securities industry, state and federal regulators, and self-regulatory organizations ("SROs"). The CRD system contains broker-dealer information filed on the Uniform Application for Broker-Dealer Registration ("Form BD") and the Uniform Request for Withdrawal from Broker-Dealer Registration ("Form BDW") and information on associated persons filed on the Uniform Application for Securities Industry Registration or Transfer ("Form U-4") and the Uniform Termination Notice for Securities Industry Registration ("Form U-5"). The CRD system also contains information filed by regulators via the Uniform Disciplinary Action Reporting form ("Form U-6"). The CRD system contains administrative information (personal, organizational, employment history, registration and other information) and disclosure information (criminal matters, regulatory disciplinary actions, civil judicial actions, financial information, and information relating to customer disputes) filed on these forms. For purposes of this rule, "customer dispute information" includes customer complaints, arbitration claims, and court filings made by customers, and the arbitration awards or court judgments that may result from those claims or filings. This category of information contains allegations that a member or one or more of its associated persons has violated securities laws, regulations, or rules.

NASD operates the CRD system pursuant to policies developed jointly with the North American Securities Administrators Association ("NASAA"). NASD works with the SEC, NASAA, other members of the regulatory community, and member firms to establish policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that information submitted to and maintained on the CRD system is accurate and complete. These procedures, among other things, cover expungement of information from the CRD system in narrowly defined circumstances. NASAA and some states have taken the position that information in the CRD system is a record of any state that uses the information to make a licensing decision, and that state laws generally do not permit information to be expunged once it has been filed on the CRD system, absent a court order that explicitly directs expungement.

Since the inception of the CRD system in 1981, NASD generally has honored court-ordered expungements and, until January 1999, NASD also honored arbitrator-ordered expungements that were contained in final awards. In January 1999, after consultation with NASAA, NASD imposed a moratorium on arbitrator-ordered expungements from the CRD system.⁵ Under the moratorium, which is still in effect, NASD will not expunge information from the CRD system based on a directive contained in an arbitration award rendered in a dispute between a public customer and a firm or its associated persons unless that award has been confirmed by a court of competent jurisdiction.⁶

Since imposing the moratorium, NASD has been considering how to craft an approach to expungement that would allow NASD, in its capacity as an SRO and as operator of the CRD system, effectively to challenge expungement directives that might diminish or impair the integrity of the system and to ensure the maintenance of essential information for regulators and investors.⁷ Such an approach necessarily requires NASD to balance three competing interests: (1) the interests of NASD, the states, and other regulators in retaining broad access to customer dispute information to fulfill their regulatory responsibilities and investor protection obligations; (2) the interests of the brokerage community and others in a fair process that recognizes their stake in protecting their reputations and permits expungement from the CRD system when appropriate; and (3) the interests of investors in having access to accurate and meaningful information about brokers with whom they conduct, or may conduct, business.

NASD is cognizant of the importance of ensuring that the expungement policy does not have an overly broad chilling effect on the settlement process or inappropriately interfere with the arbitration process or arbitrators' authority to award appropriate remedies. NASD and other regulators participating in the CRD system agree that expungement is extraordinary relief, and that courts granting expungement relief under the existing rules and procedures may not fully consider all of the competing interests referenced above. NASD believes that the additional safeguards and procedures proposed herein will allow fact finders and NASD to consider all competing interests before directing or granting expungement of customer dispute information from the CRD system.

2. Statutory Basis

NASD believes that the proposed rule change, as amended, is consistent with the provisions of Section 15A(b)(6) of the Act,⁸ in that the proposal is designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to promote just and equitable principles of trade, and, in general, to protect investors and the public interest. NASD believes that the proposed rule change, as amended, is designed to accomplish these ends by allowing fact finders and NASD to consider all competing interests before directing or granting expungement of customer dispute information.

B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition

NASD does not believe that the proposed rule change, as amended, would result in any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Act.

C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed Rule Change Received from Members, Participants, or Others

In October 2001, NASD published Notice to Members 01-65 ("NtM 01-65" or "Notice") requesting comment on the establishment of certain criteria that must be met, and procedures that must be followed, before NASD would expunge certain information from the CRD system pursuant to an expungement order. NtM 01-65 encouraged members, investors, registered representatives, and other interested persons to comment. NASD proposed in NtM 01-65 that the CRD system expunge customer dispute information only if certain criteria are met and certain protocols followed. Specifically, NASD requested comment on whether expungement of customer dispute information from the CRD system should generally be limited to cases where the expungement order is based on a finding by an arbitrator or a court that (1) the subject matter of a claim or information in the system involves a case of factual impossibility or "clear error"; (2) the claim is without legal merit; or (3) the information contained in the CRD system is determined to be defamatory in nature.

NASD also sought comment on (1) specific procedures that would be required to be followed depending on whether the finding that is made results from a contested proceeding or from a settled matter; (2) the adoption of a rule amending the Code of Arbitration Procedure to require a finding in an arbitration award of one or more of the expungement criteria discussed in the Notice; and (3) the adoption of a rule or Interpretive Material that clearly articulates NASD's authority to pursue disciplinary action against a member or associated person who seeks to have information about an arbitration claim expunged after there has been an award rendered against that member or associated person by the arbitrators or seeks to expunge any arbitration award that does not contain an expungement order and a finding of at least one of the criteria set forth in the Notice. NtM 01-65 provided members and other interested parties with a checklist of four questions that they could use to respond to the request for comment in addition to, or in lieu of, sending written comments. NASD noted that the checklist did not cover all aspects of the proposal, and it encouraged commenters to provide written comments, as necessary. NASD extended the comment period from November 24, 2001 to December 31, 2001. NASD received a total of 579 responses to the Notice.

Forty of the 579 responses to NtM 01-65 consisted solely of written comments. A significant percentage of the remaining 539 commenters identified themselves as registered representatives associated with NASD member firms, and these commenters overwhelmingly opposed the imposition of any additional substantive or procedural obligations before expungement of customer dispute information could be effected. Commenters responded to the four questions as follows:⁹

Question 1 asked: "Should [NASD] adopt a rule that would require members to provide notice to [NASD] and make [NASD] a party to the proceeding before seeking a court order directing expungement or confirming an arbitration award that contains an expungement directive?" Forty commenters answered "yes," 495 commenters answered "no," and four commenters did not answer this question.

Question 2 asked: "Should [NASD] establish specific standards that must be met before it will execute orders directing it to expunge customer dispute information from the CRD system? Are the standards identified in the Notice (i.e., factually impossible/clear error; without legal merit; and defamatory in nature) appropriate?" Fifty-one commenters answered "yes," 483 commenters answered "no," and five commenters did not answer this question.

Question 3 asked: "Should [NASD] execute arbitrators' directives to expunge customer dispute information from the CRD system if (1) arbitrators make specific findings in stipulated or consent awards; (2) arbitrators expressly include those findings in an award; and (3) a party confirms the award in a court of competent jurisdiction?" Eighty-eight commenters answered "yes," 441 commenters answered "no," and 10 commenters did not answer this question.

Question 4 asked: "Should [NASD] adopt a rule or Interpretive Material that would explicitly articulate [NASD's] authority to pursue disciplinary actions for violations of just and equitable principles of trade against a member or associated person who seeks to have information about an arbitration claim expunged after there has been an award rendered against that member by the arbitrators or seeks to expunge any arbitration award that does not contain an expungement order and a finding of at least one of the criteria described in the Notice?" Forty-eight commenters answered "yes," 483 commenters answered "no," and eight commenters did not answer this question.

Of the 40 commenters who responded by letter, 25 were NASD members or persons associated with NASD members.¹⁰ NASAA, the Securities Industry Association ("SIA"), the Public Investors Arbitration Bar Association ("PIABA"), the National Association of Investment Professionals ("NAIP") also commented, as did a number of non-industry persons who have an interest in the arbitration process. There was a wide variance in these comments, ranging from approval of some or all of the proposed procedures to total disapproval. Among the concerns raised by commenters were: the proposed procedures requiring court confirmation would be burdensome and costly; mandatory court confirmation and naming NASD as a party would undermine the arbitration process; the proposed procedures would create a conflict of interest between firms and representatives in settlements because the firm might wish to settle a case, regardless of its merits, thereby precluding the representative from obtaining an expungement; and the proposed criteria for expungement were too vague and/or too restrictive.

Some of these commenters recommended new requirements in the arbitration process to handle expungement requests. For example, it was suggested that arbitrators be required to decide claims of defamation based on the law of the state in which the party claiming defamation maintains his/her/its principal office, or in accordance with the terms of an agreement between the parties. Another suggestion was to require claimants to attest that they are bringing the claim in good faith and to give arbitrators the authority to award sanctions against claimants who bring claims in bad faith or without a reasonable basis. Some commenters suggested that a party submitting a stipulated award containing a recommendation for expungement to a court for confirmation should attach an affidavit setting forth facts constituting "factual impossibility" and/or "clear error."

Based on the comments to NtM 01-65, NASD is proposing to retain the core substantive requirements of the expungement program described in NtM 01-65, but is also proposing certain modifications to the program proposed in the Notice. NASD recognizes that any expungement program requires a balancing of competing interests. NASD believes that the proposed rule will: help to ensure that information submitted to and maintained on the CRD system is accurate and complete; give regulators the broad access to customer dispute information that they need to fulfill their regulatory responsibilities; give individuals in the brokerage community a fair process that protects their reputations and permits expungement from the CRD system when appropriate; and gives investors access to accurate information about brokers with whom they conduct, or may conduct, business.

NASD has incorporated the following modifications based on its review of the comments. NASD proposes to modify the three broad categories proposed in NtM 01-65: "without factual basis," "without legal merit," and "defamatory in nature." The "without factual basis" standard would include, as identified in the Notice, the "factually impossible" and "clear error" standards. Of the three categories proposed, the "without legal merit" standard drew the most comments, ranging from claims that it is too narrow, too broad, or too vague. To address those comments, NASD proposes to change the "without legal merit" standard to a standard of "failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted" or "frivolous." NASD proposes to retain the "defamatory in nature" standard proposed in NtM 01-65. Although this standard was the subject of many comments, it has been used successfully in the arbitration forum in registered representative/member firm arbitrations, and NASD believes that it is appropriate as proposed.

NASD proposed in NtM 01-65 to limit expungement relief in stipulated awards to cases involving "factual impossibility" or "clear error" on the basis that persons in those circumstances should be able to avail themselves of the settlement opportunity outside of arbitration, and then request that an arbitrator issue an award that incorporates the stipulated settlement and includes expungement relief for certain named parties. In excluding the other two grounds for expungement from its initial proposal, NASD noted that it believed that it was unlikely that claimant or claimant's counsel would agree that the claim or information at issue was lacking in legal merit or was defamatory in nature. In response to comments, NASD proposes to modify the original proposal to allow expungement relief in stipulated awards (or on the basis of a settlement) based on all three grounds, with a uniform requirement that there be specific judicial or arbitral findings in all such cases. In connection with making the required arbitral findings in such cases, NASD will explore the use of telephonic versus in-person hearings, as well as the option of making a decision based on briefs and affidavits from the parties and relevant third parties.

In response to commenters' concerns about the burdens and costs in naming NASD as an additional party in any judicial proceeding seeking expungement relief or confirming an arbitration award containing expungement relief and serving NASD with the appropriate court papers, NASD proposes to retain these requirements, but it further proposes to permit parties to ask NASD to waive the requirement that it be made a party upon a showing that the expungement relief being requested is within the established standards. This will save members and NASD time and expense by enabling NASD to review the findings of the arbitrators or court and determine to waive participation in the judicial proceeding if the findings meet at least one of the standards in the rule. If the expungement order fails to meet at least one of the standards in the rule, NASD will participate in the judicial proceeding and oppose the expungement. NASD also proposes to retain discretion not to oppose expungement relief in exceptional cases where the basis for the expungement does not fall within one of the three standards. NASD would exercise such discretion only if it determines that the expungement is meritorious and would have no material adverse effect on investor protection, the integrity of the CRD system, or regulatory requirements.

After reviewing the comments, NASD also determined not to adopt a rule or Interpretive Material that would explicitly articulate NASD's authority to pursue disciplinary actions for violations of just and equitable principles of trade against a member or associated person who seeks to have information about an arbitration claim expunged after there has been an award rendered against that member by the arbitrators or seeks to expunge any arbitration award that does not contain an expungement order and a finding of at least one of the criteria described in the Notice. NASD believes that it currently has authority under Rule 2110 to bring a disciplinary action against NASD members and their associated persons who contravene the standards set forth in NASD's proposed rule and policies. NASD will revisit this issue in the future should it appear that such a rule is necessary.

III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for Commission Action