Putnam Agrees to Make Restitution and Implement Immediate, Significant Structural Reforms in Partial Resolution of SEC Enforcement Action

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
2003-156

Washington, D.C., Nov. 13, 2003 -- The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced that Putnam Investment Management LLC (Putnam), a registered investment adviser located in Boston, Mass., agreed to the entry of an order in the Commission's administrative proceeding relating to alleged market-timing trades by certain of Putnam's employees. In the Order, Putnam has agreed to undertake significant and far-reaching corporate governance, compliance, and ethics reforms. Putnam has also agreed to a process for calculating and paying restitution for losses attributable to excessive short-term and market timing trading by its employees. The amount of civil penalty and other monetary relief to be paid by Putnam remains open and will be determined at a later date.

In the Order, the Commission found that Putnam committed securities fraud by failing to disclose potentially self-dealing securities trading by several of its employees. The Commission also found that Putnam failed to take adequate steps to detect and deter such trading activity through its own internal controls and its supervision of investment management professionals. By virtue of this conduct, Putnam breached its fiduciary duties in violation of, among other things, the antifraud provisions of the Advisers Act. Putnam consented to the entry of the Commission's order without admitting or denying its findings, but has agreed not to contest the findings in connection with the later determination of a penalty and other monetary relief.

Stephen M. Cutler, Director of the SEC Division of Enforcement, said: "The reforms Putnam will undertake as part of the Commission's order are intended to provide real and substantial protections for mutual fund investors. The required enhancements to the board oversight and compliance functions at Putnam should strengthen all aspects of Putnam's fund operations and provide investors with uncompromised representation by their fiduciaries in the boardroom and at the management company. In the meantime, we will continue pursuit of our request for penalties and other monetary relief in the ongoing administrative proceeding."

Putnam agreed, pursuant to the Commission's Order, to adopt reforms in three important areas: (1) restrictions on employee trading; (2) enhancements of compliance policies, procedures, and staffing, including relating to employee trading; and (3) corporate governance, including fund board independence.

Among the reforms Putnam will implement relating specifically to employee trading is a requirement that employees who invest in Putnam funds hold those investments for at least 90 days, and in some cases, as long as one year.

In the compliance area, Putnam will:

• Require Putnam's Chief Compliance Officer to report to the fund boards' independent trustees all breaches of fiduciary duty and violations of the federal securities laws;
   
• Maintain a Code of Ethics Oversight Committee to review violations of the Code of Ethics and report breaches to the fund boards of trustees;
   
• Create an Internal Compliance Controls Committee to review compliance controls and report to the fund boards of trustees on compliance matters;
   
• Retain an Independent Compliance Consultant to review Putnam's policies and procedures designed to prevent and detect breaches of fiduciary duty, breaches of the Code of Ethics, and federal securities law violations by Putnam and its employees; and
   
• At least once every two years, Putnam will have an independent, third party conduct a review of the firm's supervisory, compliance and other policies and procedures in connection with the firm's duties and activities on behalf of and related to the Putnam funds.

In the area of corporate governance, Putnam agreed:

• That the fund boards of trustees will have an independent chairman;
   
• That the fund boards of trustees will consist of at least 75% independent members;
   
• That no board action may be taken without approval by a majority of the independent directors; and that Putnam will make annual disclosure to fund shareholders of any action approved by a majority of the fund board's independent trustees, but not approved by the full board;
   
• That the fund boards of trustees will hold elections at least once every five years, starting in 2004; and
   
• That the fund boards of trustees will have their own, independent staff member who will report to and assist the fund boards in monitoring Putnam's compliance with the federal securities laws, its fiduciary duties to shareholders, and its Code of Ethics.

The Commission's order found that Putnam willfully violated Sections 204A, 206(1) and 206(2) of the Advisers Act and Section 17(j) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and Rule 17j-1(c) thereunder. It also found that Putnam failed reasonably to supervise under Section 203(e)(6) of the Advisers Act. Based on these findings, the Commission also censured Putnam and ordered that it cease and desist from violations of these laws and rules.

The Commission's previously filed civil injunctive action charging two Putnam employees, portfolio managers Justin M. Scott and Omid Kamshad, with securities fraud for engaging in excessive short-term trading of Putnam funds in their personal accounts, is pending.

The Commission's investigation is continuing.

Contacts: Stephen M. Cutler, (202) 942-4500
Linda Chatman Thomsen, (202) 942-4500
Peter H. Bresnan, (617) 424-5900 or (202) 942-4788