F-1 1 d57580df1.htm FORM F-1 Form F-1
Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 30, 2020

Registration No. 333-                

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM F-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

Yatsen Holding Limited

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

 

 

 

Cayman Islands   5900   Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

32-35, 38/F, Poly Midtown Plaza

No.23 East Xuanyue Street, Haizhu District

Guangzhou 510330

People’s Republic of China

+86 20-3837 3543

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

Cogency Global Inc.

122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor

New York, NY 10168

+1 800-221-0102

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

Copies to:

 

Z. Julie Gao, Esq.

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

c/o 42/F, Edinburgh Tower, The Landmark

15 Queen’s Road Central

Hong Kong

+852 3740-4700

 

Haiping Li, Esq.

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

46/F, Tower 2, Jing An Kerry Center

1539 Nanjing West Road, Shanghai

People’s Republic of China

+86 (21) 6193-8200

 

Benjamin Su, Esq.

Daying Zhang, Esq.

Latham & Watkins LLP

18th Floor, One Exchange Square

8 Connaught Place

Central, Hong Kong

+852 2912-2500

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:

as soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.  

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  

†    The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

Title of each class of

securities to be registered

 

Proposed

maximum

aggregate
offering price(2)(3)

  Amount of
registration fee
     

Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.00001 per share(1)

  US$100,000,000   US$10,910

 

 

 

(1)

American depositary shares issuable upon deposit of Class A ordinary shares registered hereby will be registered under a separate registration statement on Form F-6 (Registration No. 333-                ). Each American depositary share represents                 Class A ordinary shares.

(2)

Includes Class A ordinary shares that are issuable upon the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional ADSs. Also includes Class A ordinary shares initially offered and sold outside the United States that may be resold from time to time in the United States either as part of their distribution or within 40 days after the later of the effective date of this registration statement and the date the shares are first bona fide offered to the public. These Class A ordinary shares are not being registered for the purpose of sales outside the United States.

(3)

Estimated solely for the purpose of determining the amount of registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933.

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)

Dated                    , 2020.

American Depositary Shares

 

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Yatsen Holding Limited

Representing                  Class A Ordinary Shares

 

 

This is an initial public offering of American depositary shares, or ADSs, of Yatsen Holding Limited.

We are offering                  American depositary shares, or ADSs. Each ADS represents                  of our Class A ordinary shares, par value 0.00001 per share. We anticipate the initial public offering price per ADS will be between US$                 and US$                .

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the ADSs or our shares. We intend to apply for the listing of the ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “YSG.”

As of the date of this prospectus, our outstanding share capital consists of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Mr. Jinfeng Huang, our founder, chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer, Mr. Yuwen Chen, our co-founder, director and chief operating officer, and Mr. Jianhua Lyu, our co-founder, director and chief sales officer, will continue to beneficially own all of our issued Class B ordinary shares and will be able to exercise         % of the total voting power of our issued and outstanding share capital immediately following the completion of this offering, assuming that the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs. Holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. Each Class A ordinary share is and will continue to be entitled to one vote, and each Class B ordinary share is currently entitled to ten votes and will be entitled to twenty votes immediately prior to the completion of this offering. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances.

We are, and following the completion of this offering, will continue to be, a “controlled company” as defined under the NYSE Listed Company Manual because Mr. Huang holds and will continue to hold more than 50% of our voting power. We are an “emerging growth company” under applicable U.S. federal securities laws and are eligible for reduced public company reporting requirements.

Investing in our ADSs involves risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 22.

 

 

PRICE US$                 PER ADS

 

 

 

     Per ADS      Total  

Initial public offering price

   US$                  US$              

Underwriting discounts and commissions(1)

   US$                  US$              

Proceeds, before expenses, to us

   US$                  US$              

 

(1)

For a description of compensation payable to the underwriters, see “Underwriting.”

We have granted the underwriters the right to purchase up to                  additional ADSs to cover over-allotment.

Neither the United States Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriters expect to deliver the ADSs to purchasers on                 , 2020.

 

 

 

(in alphabetical order)  
Goldman Sachs   Morgan Stanley   CICC

Tiger Brokers

 

 

Prospectus dated                 , 2020.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Prospectus Summary

     1  

Risk Factors

     22  

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

     84  

Use of Proceeds

     86  

Dividend Policy

     87  

Capitalization

     88  

Dilution

     91  

Enforceability of Civil Liabilities

     93  

Corporate History and Structure

     95  

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

     100  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     105  

Industry

     137  

Business

     145  

Regulation

     173  

Management

     197  

Principal Shareholders

     203  

Related Party Transactions

     206  

Description of Share Capital

     208  

Description of American Depositary Shares

     222  

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

     233  

Taxation

     235  

Underwriting

     242  

Expenses Related to this Offering

     253  

Legal Matters

     254  

Experts

     255  

Where You Can Find Additional Information

     256  

Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements

     F-1  

We have not authorized anyone to provide any information other than that contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we may have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We and the underwriters have not authorized any other person to provide you with different or additional information. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy the ADSs, only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the ADSs.

We have not taken any action to permit a public offering of the ADSs outside the United States or to permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of the ADSs and the distribution of the prospectus outside the United States.

Until                , 2020 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade ADSs, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

The following summary is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information and financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to this summary, we urge you to read the entire prospectus carefully, especially the risks of investing in the ADSs discussed under “Risk Factors,” before deciding whether to invest in the ADSs. This prospectus contains information from an industry report dated August 2020 and a consumer survey, each commissioned by us and prepared by China Insights Consultancy, or CIC, a third-party research firm, to provide information regarding our industry and our market position in China. The survey was conducted in July 2020 with 700 randomly sampled Chinese beauty consumers aged 15 to 64 years old who have bought and used beauty products during the past year. We refer to this report as the “CIC Report” and the survey as the “CIC Consumer Survey.”

Yatsen: The future of beauty

Our Mission

Our mission is to create an exciting new journey of beauty discovery for consumers in China and around the world.

Who we are

Yatsen is a leader in the rapidly evolving China beauty market. Founded in 2016, we have launched three fast-growing, successful color cosmetics and skincare brands: Perfect Diary, Little Ondine, and Abby’s Choice. Together, these three brands served 23.4 million and 23.5 million DTC customers in 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Our first brand, Perfect Diary, became the top color cosmetics brand in China in terms of online retail sales value three years after launch, according to the CIC Report. This success is due to our digitally native DTC business model that is new to China’s beauty industry. Through this model, we focus on deep customer engagement, innovative product development and personalized services.

Where we started

The beauty industry in China has been evolving rapidly. For many Chinese beauty consumers, massive e-commerce platforms such as Tmall, JD.com and Vipshop have become default shopping destinations. More recently, disruptive and dynamic social and content platforms such as Weixin, Douyin, Kuaishou, Bilibili and RED have been playing an increasing role in consumers’ discovery and purchase of beauty products. At the same time, large and technologically advanced ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners who have extensive experience working with renowned international beauty brands continue to strengthen their capabilities domestically. In addition to these trends, Chinese consumers, particularly those in the Gen-Z and Millennial demographics, prefer brands that offer personalized products and services and that have a strong Chinese identity. China has one of the largest populations of Gen-Z and Millennials in the world, with 171.4 million Gen-Z and 231.5 million Millennials as of December 31, 2019, according to the CIC Report.

As a result, we saw a significant opportunity to create a disruptive beauty brand, reimagined from the ground up, that partners with these marketing channels and supply chain players in a more integrated and unique way and provides young consumers with a superior experience and an engaging new journey of beauty discovery. With our brand platform, we believe we can continue to grow to capture an increasing share of China’s beauty industry—the largest globally at US$38.8 billion in retail sales value in 2019, according to the CIC Report.



 

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What we have achieved

We have experienced significant growth since our inception. Our gross sales increased from RMB757.7 million in 2018 to RMB3.5 billion in 2019, representing a growth rate of 363.7% or roughly 30 times the growth rate of the broader China beauty industry in terms of retail sales value over the same time period, according to the CIC Report. Our gross sales increased from RMB2.2 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to RMB3.8 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, representing a growth rate of 70.2% or roughly 16 times the growth rate of the broader China beauty industry in terms of retail sales value over the same time period, according to the CIC Report. In 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, 96.7% and 91.3% of total gross sales were generated through online channels, respectively. Additionally, Perfect Diary was the only color cosmetics brand to achieve over RMB100 million in GMV on Tmall in every month of 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, according to the CIC Report.

In 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we served 23.4 million and 23.5 million DTC customers across our brands, an increase of 236.3% from 7.0 million in 2018 and 50.0% from 15.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Our first brand, Perfect Dairy, has received numerous industry awards and broad recognition, including:

 

   

“Second Most Favorite Chinese Domestic Brand among the Post-2000 Generation” by Tmall across all consumer categories in 2019

 

   

No. 1 in the eye shadow, mascara and lip gloss subcategories in terms of total GMV on Tmall in 2019, according to the CIC Report

 

   

29 fashion media awards, including “New Brand of the Year” in WWD BeautyInc International Beauty Industry Awards in 2019

 

   

“China’s New National Brand” and “Annual Rising Power of China’s Internet Consumer Business” by CBNData in 2019

As of September 30, 2020, we had over 200 experience stores across over 90 cities in China, an increase from 40 stores at the end of 2019. We believe these stores help us drive stronger engagement with our customers by providing a physical space to sample our products and engage with our brands.

To replicate the success of our existing brands, we are continuously expanding our brand portfolio to cover additional beauty product categories, consumer demographics, and price points. In October 2020, we entered into an agreement to acquire from Pierre Fabre, a French pharmaceutical and dermo-cosmetics group, the iconic premium skincare brand, Galénic. We will continue to support the brand in Europe and will launch it in China. We will also partner with Pierre Fabre on research & development of future product innovations and manufacturing of Galénic products.

Our total net revenues increased substantially from RMB635.3 million in 2018 to RMB3,031.2 million (US$446.4 million) in 2019 and from RMB1,888.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to RMB3,271.6 million (US$481.9 million) in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. We generated net income of RMB75.4 million (US$11.1 million) in 2019, compared to net loss of RMB40.1 million in 2018, and generated net loss of RMB1,157.2 million (US$170.4 million) in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to net income of RMB29.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Our disruptive business model

Our digitally native DTC business model enables us to directly engage with our customers and collect data on their behavior and preferences. This model has allowed us to build a platform with core



 

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capabilities that disrupt every part of the traditional beauty industry value chain and deliver greater value to our customers. Our platform enables us to launch top-selling products, shorten product development cycles, execute cost-efficient marketing strategies, build brand equity and attract a large and loyal customer base. Our platform is composed of:

 

   

Superior omni-channel DTC operations that span popular online channels including e-commerce channels and social and content platforms, including our innovative company channels on Weixin. For example, our Perfect Diary Tmall flagship store attracted over 41 million unique visitors in November 2019, the month of Singles’ Day, ranking the highest among all Tmall color cosmetics stores, according to the CIC Report. We also have an expansive network of offline experience stores that allows us to provide an integrated online and offline experience to hundreds of millions of consumers.

 

   

Highly social, digitally native sales and marketing that increases brand awareness and drives product sales. We are a leader in using a broad range of KOLs and celebrity partners to drive viral online social marketing campaigns and rapidly build vast and loyal fan followings for our brands and products. Additionally, our technology-enabled and data-driven business model allows us to build performance-based marketing campaigns that deliver higher returns on investment and increase brand equity.

 

   

Data-driven product development that synthesizes data collected through direct engagement with our broad customer base and KOLs to form deep, impactful and actionable consumer insights. These insights enable the development of new top-selling products as well as faster and more efficient product development cycles.

 

   

World-class supply chain that connects us to global leading ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners for both production and R&D, many of whom are located domestically. In addition to greater manufacturing efficiency, we are able to develop better products by collaborating with these partners on technology and research, and accessing their extensive databases of ingredients and formulations.

 

   

Comprehensive and dedicated customer service that increases customer loyalty and repeat purchase rates. We have a dedicated team of beauty advisors who offer engaging and personalized services through our pioneering company channels on Weixin as well as at our offline experience stores. They regularly share beauty content with customers and ensure our customers’ needs are met throughout their beauty experience from discovery to after sales.

Leveraging our DTC model, we have real-time access to a vast amount of data on customer behavior, preferences and feedback. This data informs our business decisions and allows us to better fulfill the needs of our customers.



 

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These core capabilities have and will continue to enable us to efficiently and rapidly build and scale successful brands and products. The following diagram illustrates how our platform infrastructure and core capabilities empower our brands and serve our customers:

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We are building the leading, next-generation beauty platform

Supported by our unique capabilities, our platform has a proven ability to launch and grow successful brands more rapidly than our peers. Our digitally native, technology-driven approach to both performance-based and KOL marketing ensures that we are able to grow brand and product awareness quickly and effectively and attract significant consumer attention in a short span of time. Our superior product development capabilities, supported by our deep consumer insights and partnerships with leading ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners, allow us to design unique products that resonate well with our customers. Our first brand, Perfect Diary, became the No. 1 color cosmetics brand in terms of GMV on Tmall within 13 months of launch and was also the largest color cosmetics brand in China’s online beauty market in terms of retail sales value in 2019, according to the CIC Report. Our second brand, Little Ondine, achieved within eight months of relaunch the same level of monthly gross sales as Perfect Diary did in its first year and our third brand, Abby’s Choice, achieved such level of monthly gross sales within just three months of official launch.

Our brands are well-recognized by a large and loyal customer base. Our distinct social media presence and omni-channel distribution enable us to directly connect with tens of millions of customers both before and after their purchase. Our passionate team of beauty advisors engage and interact with customers and offer personalized services through both our pioneering company channels on Weixin as well as in our offline experience stores. Moreover, we continuously develop new top-selling products that keep our customers engaged and excited about our brands. This has resulted in strong and improving repeat purchase rates among our DTC customer cohorts. For DTC customers who first purchased one of our products in the third quarter of 2017, the first quarter of our operations, or our third quarter of 2017 DTC customer cohort, 8.1% of them made at least one additional purchase by the end of the second quarter of 2018. Such repeat purchase rate increased to 38.9% by the end of the second quarter of 2019 for our third quarter of 2018 DTC customer cohort, and further to 41.5% by the end of the second quarter of 2020 for our third quarter of 2019 DTC customer cohort. Additionally, 30%



 

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of all DTC customers who first purchased one of our products in 2018 and 2019 have made at least one additional purchase of our products by the end of the second quarter of 2020. Not only do we have a higher repeat purchase rate than the average across our peers, according to the CIC Consumer Survey, but our repeat purchase rate also continues to improve as we strengthen and grow our brand and product portfolio.

Our efficient operations are powered by unique and advanced digital infrastructure that comprises our database of customer insights, our social marketing engines, and our engaging user interface platform. Our in-house team of over 200 engineers dedicated to technology, data and related functions develop and support the software and analytics on which we operate. Our investment in this area is a testament to our strong belief in and focus on disrupting the beauty industry through technology. This team accounted for approximately 20% of our headquarters employees and 6.3% of our total employee base as of September 30, 2020, significantly higher than traditional beauty companies who generally outsource their technology development and data analytics functions, according to the CIC Report.

By combining our capabilities, strategies, and infrastructure, we have built the leading, next-generation beauty platform that will enable us to continue to launch successful new brands and products.

Our Market Opportunity

Globally, China had the largest beauty market in 2019, with US$38.8 billion in retail sales value. The market enjoyed the fastest growth among the 15 largest countries in terms of GDP in 2019, according to the CIC Report. Furthermore, China’s beauty market is expected to grow by US$29.9 billion between 2019 and 2025, accounting for nearly 60% of the total growth of the global beauty market during the same period, according to the CIC Report. This rapid growth is driven by increased per capita spending, growing consumer demand for beauty products, expanded product selection, increased purchasing frequency and increased purchasing by consumers from lower tier cities.

While the global beauty industry as a whole has been changing rapidly as internet and technology alter consumer behavior, this change has been more pronounced in China due to the prevalence of innovative e-commerce and social platforms. China has the highest e-commerce penetration rate in terms of retail sales value within the beauty market at 31.4% as of 2019. This is significantly higher than 21.9% in the United States and 15.9% globally. Massive e-commerce platforms such as Alibaba’s Taobao, Tmall and JD.com have become default shopping destinations and generate hundreds of billions of dollars in annual GMV. In addition, dynamic social platforms now play a growing role in product discovery and purchase. Both well-established platforms, like Weixin, Weibo and RED, and emerging ones that focus on short-form video or live streaming, such as Douyin and Kuaishou, have immense reach in the hundreds of millions of daily active users, or DAUs. They offer consumers new and engaging ways to interact with brands and one another. On the other end of the value chain, large and technologically advanced ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners that work with renowned international brands have been deepening their expertise and expanding their presence in China.

Moreover, China has one of the largest populations of Gen-Z and Millennials in the world, with 171.4 million Gen-Z and 231.5 million Millennials as of December 31, 2019, according to the CIC Report. These consumers are driving the development of the beauty market in China. As frequent users of new online and social media channels, these young consumers are more receptive to marketing through KOLs that they identify with, and they expect instant and ubiquitous access to the products they want. As beauty products are often tied to self- and social-expression, these online channels allow them to more easily discover brands and products that fit their specific needs.



 

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Compared to prior generations, they also show a greater appreciation for domestically grown brands. Gen-Z and Millennials are driving changes in consumption behavior for beauty products, and under this backdrop, a significant opportunity has emerged for new local players who can capture the evolving beauty sector landscape.

Yatsen benefits from operating at the intersection of all of these market trends. We are not only committed to redefining the Chinese beauty industry, but also to engaging and growing with the next generation of consumers to provide them with a new journey of beauty discovery.

Our Strengths

Our leadership position, large customer base and rapid growth are attributable to a number of competitive advantages:

 

   

Omni-channel DTC model at massive customer scale;

 

   

Innovative direct-to-KOL social marketing model;

 

   

Proven capability in incubating and scaling brands;

 

   

Data-enabled product development methodology;

 

   

World-class supply chain; and

 

   

Strong and diverse management team.

Our Strategies

We plan to implement the following growth strategies:

 

   

Enhance our highly social, digitally native sales and marketing capabilities;

 

   

Continue to invest in technology and data capabilities;

 

   

Continue to innovate and develop new products for our existing color cosmetics and skincare brands;

 

   

Launch leading new brands in our target market segments;

 

   

Further improve our supply chain capabilities;

 

   

Pursue strategic investments, acquisitions and collaboration; and

 

   

Expand overseas.

Summary of Risk Factors

An investment in our ADSs is subject to a number of risks, including risks relating to our business and industry, risks relating to our corporate structure, risks relating to doing business in China and risks relating to our ADSs and this offering. You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus before making an investment in the ADSs. The following list summarizes some, but not all, of these risks. Please read the information in the section entitled “Risk Factors” for a more thorough description of these and other risks.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry

 

   

We operate in a dynamic industry and have a limited operating history. Our historical results of operations and financial performance may not be indicative of future performance. If we are unable to compete effectively, we may lose our market share;



 

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Our new product introductions may not be as successful as we anticipate, and our business depends, in part, on the quality, effectiveness and safety of our products;

 

   

We have incurred net losses in the past, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future;

 

   

Our business and prospects depend on our ability to build our brands and reputation, which could be harmed by negative publicity with respect to us, our products and operations, our management, brand ambassadors, KOLs, or other business partners;

 

   

We have incurred significant costs for a variety of sales and marketing efforts, including mass advertising and heavy promotions to attract customers through multiple channels. If we are unable to conduct our sales and marketing efforts in a cost-effective and efficient manner, our results of operations and financial conditions may be materially and adversely affected;

 

   

We rely on certain ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners to produce our products. The loss of one or more of these ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners, business challenges at one or more of these ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners, or any failure on their part to produce products that meet our standards or in accordance with contractual or regulatory requirements could harm our brand and cause consumer dissatisfaction;

 

   

We rely on third-party e-commerce platforms to sell our products online and third-party service providers for logistics services. If such platform’s services or operations are interrupted, our cooperation with such platforms terminates, deteriorates or becomes more costly, or if these logistics service providers fail to provide reliable services, our business may be adversely affected;

 

   

Our operations have been, and may continue to be, affected by the COVID-19 pandemic;

 

   

Expansion into international markets will expose us to significant risks;

 

   

Our acquisition activities and other strategic transactions may present managerial, integration, operational and financial risks, which may prevent us from realizing the full intended benefit of these transactions;

 

   

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, and if we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls over financing reporting, we may be unable to accurately or timely report our results of operations or prevent fraud; and

 

   

The continued and collaborative efforts of our senior management and key employees are crucial to our success, and our business may be harmed if we lose their services.

 

Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure

 

   

If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in China do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations;

 

   

We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders for our operations in China, which may not be as effective in providing operational control as direct ownership;

 

   

The shareholders of our VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business; and



 

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We may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by our VIE that are critical to the operation of our business if our VIE declares bankruptcy or becomes subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.

Risks Relating to Doing Business in China

 

   

Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. In addition, uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us;

 

   

PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries and our VIE in China, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business;

 

   

The audit report included in this prospectus is prepared by an auditor who is not inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, and, as such, our investors are deprived of the benefits of such inspection, and the adoption of any rules, legislations or other efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause uncertainty, and we could be delisted if we are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement in time;

 

   

It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigation or collect evidence within China; and

 

   

Recent litigation and negative publicity surrounding China-based companies listed in the United States may result in increased regulatory scrutiny of us and negatively impact the trading price of our ADSs.

Risks Relating to Our ADSs and This Offering

 

   

There has been no public market for our shares or ADSs prior to this offering, and you may not be able to resell our ADSs at or above the price you paid, or at all;

 

   

The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors; and

 

   

Our dual-class voting structure will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial.

Corporate History and Structure

We commenced our operations in July 2016 through Guangzhou Yatsen Global Co., Ltd., or Guangzhou Yatsen, a limited liability company under the laws of the PRC. In September 2016, we incorporated Mangrove Bay Ecommerce Holding (Cayman), which later changed its name to Yatsen Holding Limited in January 2019, under the laws of the Cayman Islands as our offshore holding company to facilitate offshore financing. Also in September 2016, Yatsen Holding Limited incorporated Yatsen (HK) Limited (formerly known as Mangrove Bay Ecommerce (Hong Kong) Limited) as its intermediary holding company.

In March 2017, Guangzhou Yatsen established Guangzhou Yatsen Cosmetics Co., Ltd. as its wholly-owned subsidiary to engage in offline retail business in areas outside East China.



 

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In September 2018, Yatsen (HK) Limited acquired all of the equity interests in Guangzhou Yatsen, from its shareholders to engage in the development, manufacturing and sales of cosmetics and skincare products as well as general administration of the business of the group in China.

In April 2019, Guangzhou Yatsen established Guangzhou Yiyan Cosmetics Co., Ltd. as its wholly owned subsidiary to engage in sales of cosmetic and skincare products under the brand of Perfect Diary on certain platforms other than Tmall and the operation of our online product sales business in Southeastern Asia through our international website www.perfectdiary.com.

In February 2019, we gained control and beneficial ownership of Huizhi Weimei. In July 2019, Guangzhou Yatsen signed a series of contractual arrangements with Huizhi Weimei (Guangzhou) Trading Co. Ltd., or Huizhi Weimei and its shareholder to formalize the control and beneficiary ownership it has over Huizhi Weimei.

In June 2019, in connection with the acquisition of Little Ondine, we acquired the control of Aoyan (Shanghai) Cosmetics Trading Co., Ltd., a PRC company that owned Little Ondine, through a series of contractual arrangements. Through a series of corporate restructurings in July 2020, we acquired 100% of the equity interest of Aoyan (Shanghai) Cosmetics Trading Co., Ltd. and continue to manage the operations of Little Ondine.

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure as of the date of this prospectus, including our principal subsidiaries and other entities that are material to our business, as of the date of this prospectus:

 

 

LOGO



 

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Note:

 

(1)

Mr. Jinfeng Huang holds 75.0% of equity interests in Huizhi Weimei. The remaining 25.0% of the equity interests in Huizhi Weimei are held by Huiyue (Guangzhou) Trading Limited Partnership, a limited partnership organized under the laws of the PRC whose general partner is Yuemei (Guangzhou) Trading Co., Ltd., a PRC company controlled by Mr. Jinfeng Huang.

Current PRC laws and regulations impose certain restrictions or prohibitions on foreign ownership of companies that engage in value-added telecommunication services and certain other businesses. Yatsen Holding Limited is an exempted company with limited liability incorporated in the Cayman Islands. To comply with PRC laws and regulations, we conduct the business of online sales of cosmetics products and skincare products in China through Huizhi Weimei, our VIE in China, through a series of contractual arrangements by and among Guangzhou Yatsen, our VIE and its shareholders. Our VIE may need to obtain licenses that are otherwise not permitted or advisable to be held directly by our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries, including the License for Online Transmission of Audio-visual Programs and the Permit to Produce and Distribute Radio and Television Programmes. Although our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries produce a significant majority of our revenues and hold a significant majority of our operational assets, our VIE holds certain assets that may be critical to the operation of our business. Main assets held by our VIE include the majority of the social platforms and content offering platforms we operate such as Weixin public accounts and mini-programs, which are registered and held by our VIE and its subsidiaries, and the ICP License and the Permit to Produce and Distribute Radio and Television Programmes, which are critical to the online operation of our business.

Our contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders allow us to (i) exercise effective control over our VIE, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of our VIE, and (iii) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in our VIE when and to the extent permitted by the PRC laws.

As a result of our direct ownership in Guangzhou Yatsen and the contractual arrangements with our VIE, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of our VIE, and we treat our VIE and its subsidiaries as our consolidated entities under U.S. GAAP. We have consolidated the financial results of our VIE and its subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, our control over the VIE through contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership. In addition, uncertainties exist as to whether our operation of the business of online sales of cosmetics products and skincare products in China through our VIE would be found incompliant with existing or future PRC laws.

For a more detailed description of our corporate history and structure, see “Our Corporate History and Structure.” For a detailed description of the regulatory environment that necessitates the adoption of our corporate structure, see “Regulation.” For a detailed description of the risks associated with our corporate structure and the contractual arrangements that support our corporate structure, see “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure.”

Implication of Being an Emerging Growth Company

As a company with less than US$1.07 billion in revenue for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements compared to those that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under



 

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Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting. The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. However, we have elected to “opt out” of this provision and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards as required when they are adopted for public companies. This decision to opt out of the extended transition period under the JOBS Act is irrevocable.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (a) the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of at least US$1.07 billion; (b) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering; (c) the date on which we have, during the preceding three-year period, issued more than US$1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; or (d) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our ADSs that are held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will not be entitled to the exemptions provided in the JOBS Act discussed above.

Implication of Being a Controlled Company

Upon the completion of this offering, Mr. Jinfeng Huang, our founder, chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer, Mr. Yuwen Chen, our co-founder, director and chief operating officer, and Mr. Jianhua Lyu, our co-founder, director and chief sales officer, collectively will continue to beneficially own all of our Class B ordinary shares. Mr. Huang will beneficially own             % of our total issued and outstanding ordinary shares, representing             % of our total voting power, assuming the option to purchase additional ADSs is exercised by the underwriters in full. As a result, we will be a “controlled company” as defined under the NYSE Listed Company Manual because Mr. Huang will hold more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors. As a “controlled company,” we are permitted to elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements. If we rely on these exemptions, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 32-35, 38/F, Poly Midtown Plaza, No.23 East Xuanyue Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510330, People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is +86 20 3837-3543. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at c/o Office of Maples Corporate Services Limited, P.O. Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands.

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. We will be required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year and we intend to publish our results on a quarterly basis. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers.



 

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Investors should submit any inquiries to the address and telephone number of our principal executive offices. Our main website is http://www.yatsenglobal.com. The information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc., located at 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168.

Conventions that Apply to this Prospectus

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to:

 

   

“ADRs” refer to the American depositary receipts that may evidence the ADSs;

 

   

“ADSs” refer to the American depositary shares, each of which represents                 Class A ordinary shares;

 

   

“BVI” refers to the British Virgin Islands;

 

   

“China” or the “PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, for the purposes of this prospectus only, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan;

 

   

“Class A ordinary shares” refer to our Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.00001 per share;

 

   

“Class B ordinary shares” refer to our Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.00001 per share;

 

   

“DTC” refers to direct-to-consumer business model;

 

   

“Gen-Z” refers to the group of people born between 1996 and 2005 (age between 15 and 24 in 2020);

 

   

“GMV on Tmall” refers to the value of confirmed orders of products and services on Tmall, regardless of how, or whether, the buyer and seller settle the transaction. Our calculation of GMV on Tmall includes shipping charges paid by customers to sellers;

 

   

“Gross sales” refers to the total value of all orders for products and services placed and shipped, regardless of whether the goods are returned. Our calculation of gross sales includes shipping charges paid by customers to us;

 

   

“KOL” refers to key opinion leader;

 

   

“Millennials” refer to the group of people born between 1986 and 1995 (age between 25 and 34 in 2020);

 

   

“DTC customers” refer to the customers that have placed one or more orders purchasing our products through our DTC channels, including our online stores on third-party e-commerce platforms, our company channels on Weixin and our experience stores, during the relevant periods, if such products were shipped, but regardless of whether or not the customer returned the products. This number does not include the number of customers placing orders through our third-party e-commerce platform distributors including JD.com and Vipshop;

 

   

“ODM” refers to Original Design Manufacturer;

 

   

“OEM” refers to Original Equipment Manufacturer;

 

   

“our WFOE” refers to Guangzhou Yatsen Global Co., Ltd.;

 

   

“SKU” refers to stock keeping unit;

 

   

“SPU” refers to standard product unit;



 

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“Repeat purchase rate” refers to percentage of DTC customers of a cohort, defined as all of our DTC customers who made their initial purchase during the cohort quarter and at least one additional purchase between initial purchase and the end of a specified quarter after the initial purchase;

 

   

“Retail sales value” refers to the total value of products and services purchased by consumers through multiple retail sales points, measured at retail selling price, including the impact of distributor and retailer incremental markups and value-added tax on the overall pricing;

 

   

“RMB” and “Renminbi” refer to the legal currency of China;

 

   

“US$,” “U.S. dollars,” “$,” and “dollars” refer to the legal currency of the United States;

 

   

“VIE” refers to variable interest entity, and “our VIE” refers to Huizhi Weimei (Guangzhou) Trading Co., Ltd. as of the date of this prospectus, and depending on the context, may also refer to Aoyan (Shanghai) Cosmetics Trading Co., Ltd. which became our wholly owned subsidiary in 2020; and

 

   

“Yatsen,” “we,” “us,” “our company” and “our” are to Yatsen Holding Limited, our Cayman Islands holding company and its subsidiaries, its consolidated variable interest entities and the subsidiaries of the consolidated variable interest entities.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, all information in this prospectus assumes no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional ADSs to cover over-allotment. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Renminbi in this prospectus are made at a rate of RMB6.7896 to US$1.00, the exchange rate in effect as of September 30, 2020 as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate, or at all.



 

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The Offering

 

Offering price

We currently estimate that the initial public offering price will be between US$              and US$              per ADS.

 

ADSs offered by us

             ADSs (or              ADSs if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option to purchase additional ADSs in full).

 

ADSs outstanding immediately after this offering

             ADSs (or              ADSs if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option to purchase additional ADSs to in full).

 

Ordinary shares outstanding immediately after this offering

             Class A ordinary shares (or              Class A ordinary shares if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option to purchase additional ADSs in full) and              Class B ordinary shares; assuming the conversion, on a one-for-one basis, of all of our preferred shares into our Class A ordinary shares immediately prior to the completion of this offering.

 

Option to purchase additional ADSs

We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable within 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an aggregate of              additional ADSs to cover over-allotment.

 

The ADSs

Each ADS represents              Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.00001 per share.

 

  The depositary will hold Class A ordinary shares underlying your ADSs. You will have rights as provided in the deposit agreement among us, the depositary and holders and beneficial owners of ADSs from time to time.

 

  We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. If, however, we declare dividends on our Class A ordinary shares, the depositary will pay you the cash dividends and other distributions it receives on our Class A ordinary shares after deducting its fees and expenses in accordance with the terms set forth in the deposit agreement.

 

  You may surrender your ADSs to the depositary in exchange for Class A ordinary shares. The depositary will charge you fees for any exchange.

 

  We may amend or terminate the deposit agreement without your consent. If you continue to hold your ADSs after an amendment to the deposit agreement, you agree to be bound by the deposit agreement as amended.


 

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  To better understand the terms of the ADSs, you should carefully read the “Description of American Depositary Shares” section of this prospectus. You should also read the deposit agreement, which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement that includes this prospectus.

 

Use of proceeds

We expect that we will receive net proceeds of approximately US$             million from this offering, or approximately US$             million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option to purchase additional ADSs in full, assuming an initial public offering price of US$             per ADS, which is the midpoint of the estimated range of the initial public offering price, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

  We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for (i) business operations and other general corporate purposes, (ii) potential strategic investments and acquisitions, (iii) development of data analytics technology, product development and formulation R&D, and (iv) offline experience store network expansion. See “Use of Proceeds” for more information.

 

Lock-up

[We, our directors, executive officers and our existing shareholders] have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell, transfer or dispose of any ADSs, ordinary shares or similar securities for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. Our executive officers and employees who are beneficial owners of our ordinary shares or have options to purchase our ordinary shares have also covenanted with us that, during a three-year period from the consummation of this offering, they will not sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any ordinary shares except for the Class A ordinary shares to be held by Yellow Bee Limited following the completion of this offering. See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” and “Underwriting.”

 

Listing

We intend to apply to have the ADSs listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “YSG.” The ADSs and our ordinary shares will not be listed on any other stock exchange or traded on any automated quotation system.

 

Payment and settlement

The underwriters expect to deliver the ADSs against payment therefor through the facilities of the Depository Trust Company on                 , 2020.

 

Depositary

Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas.

The number of ordinary shares that will be outstanding immediately after this offering:

 

   

is based on 2,426,923,763 ordinary shares outstanding as of the date of this prospectus, inclusive of the 149,363,572 restricted Class A ordinary shares and 21,356,415 restricted



 

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Class B ordinary shares held under the trusts for the benefit of certain employees, directors and officers of our company (see “Management—Share Incentive Plan”), assuming the automatic conversion of all of our issued and outstanding preferred shares into Class A ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis;

 

   

includes              Class A ordinary shares in the form of ADSs that we will issue and sell in this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option to purchase additional ADSs;

 

   

excludes 15,392,280 Class A ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding as of the date of this prospectus, at a weighted average exercise price of US$0.44 per share; and

 

   

excludes 233,842,228 Class A ordinary shares reserved for future issuances under our Share Option Plan.



 

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Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Data

The following summary consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, summary consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, summary consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2018 and 2019, and summary consolidated cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following summary consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, summary consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, summary consolidated balance sheet data as of September 30, 2020 and summary consolidated cash flow data for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020 are derived from our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results expected for future periods. You should read this Summary Consolidated Financial Data section together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The following table presents our summary consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020 and our summary consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020:

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
    2018     2019     2019     2020  
    RMB     RMB     US$     RMB     RMB     US$  
    (in thousands, except for share amounts and per share data)  

Summary Consolidated Statements of Operations and Summary Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss):

                                                              

Total net revenues

    635,316       3,031,167       446,443       1,888,930       3,271,572       481,850  

Total cost of revenues

    (232,073     (1,103,509     (162,529     (677,581     (1,208,557     (178,001
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

    403,243       1,927,658       283,914       1,211,349       2,063,015       303,849  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

           

Fulfillment expenses

    (81,270     (300,122     (44,203     (186,908     (280,337     (41,290

Selling and marketing expenses

    (309,331     (1,251,270     (184,292     (804,936     (2,033,752     (299,539

General and administrative expenses(1)

    (43,315     (209,326     (30,830     (137,443     (856,843     (126,199

Research and development expenses

    (2,641     (23,179     (3,414     (9,768     (40,902     (6,024
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

    (436,557     (1,783,897     (262,739     (1,139,055     (3,211,834     (473,052
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) from operations

    (33,314     143,761       21,175       72,294       (1,148,819     (169,203
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income tax expenses

    (36,114     147,335       21,702       71,809       (1,148,588     (169,168

Income tax expenses

    (4,010     (71,976     (10,601     (42,666     (8,623     (1,270
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

    (40,124     75,359       11,101       29,143       (1,157,211     (170,438
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 


 

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    For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
    2018     2019     2019     2020  
    RMB     RMB     US$     RMB     RMB     US$  
    (in thousands, except for share amounts and per share data)  

Accretion to Preferred Shares

    (3,465     (59,200     (8,719     (31,766     (176,905     (26,055

Deemed dividends to Preferred Shareholders due to modification of Preferred Shares

    (3,521     (61,239     (9,020     (61,239     (1,054,220     (155,270
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company

    (47,110     (45,080     (6,638     (63,862     (2,388,336     (351,763
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

    (40,124     75,359       11,101       29,143       (1,157,211     (170,438

Other comprehensive income (loss)

           

Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of nil tax

    240       13,822       2,036       21,986       (27,763     (4,089
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income (loss)

    (39,884     89,181       13,137       51,129       (1,184,974     (174,527
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss) per ordinary share

           

Basic

    (0.17     (0.10     (0.01     (0.16     (4.09     (0.60

Diluted

    (0.17     (0.10     (0.01     (0.16     (4.09     (0.60

Weighted average shares used in net income (loss) per share

           

Basic

    271,261,594       450,499,736       450,499,736       411,126,605       583,275,259       583,275,259  

Diluted

    271,261,594       450,499,736       450,499,736       411,126,605       583,275,259       583,275,259  

 

Note:

 

(1)

All share-based compensation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2018     2019     2019     2020  
     RMB     RMB     US$     RMB     RMB     US$  
     (in thousands)  

General and administrative expenses

     (14,031     (74,995     (11,046     (56,442     (656,824     (96,740


 

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The following table presents our summary consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 and September 30, 2020:

 

     As of December 31,     As of September 30,  
     2018     2019     2020  
     RMB     RMB     US$     RMB     US$  
     (in thousands)  

Summary Consolidated Balance Sheets Data:

          

Cash and cash equivalents

     25,062       676,579       99,649       1,954,328       287,841  

Restricted cash

     —         —         —         10,648       1,568  

Short-term investment

     —         10,000       1,473       —         —    

Accounts receivable

     64,748       265,302       39,075       328,099       48,324  

Inventories, net

     87,494       504,049       74,238       468,522       69,006  

Prepayments and other current assets

     22,756       115,231       16,972       271,404       39,973  

Amounts due from related parties

     87,898       664       98       350,337       51,599  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

     287,958       1,571,825       231,505       3,383,338       498,311  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Property and equipment, net

     3,810       109,410       16,114       277,684       40,898  

Right-of-use assets, net

     19,617       263,346       38,787       561,761       82,738  

Total assets

     328,221       2,010,317       296,087       4,341,587       639,444  

Accounts payable (including accounts payable of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to us of RMB19,461 and RMB16,323 as of December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2020, respectively)

     90,222       400,542       58,993       403,969       59,498  

Accrued expenses and other liabilities (including accrued expenses and other liabilities of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to us of RMB12,120 and RMB22,522 as of December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2020, respectively)

     77,901       191,065       28,141       295,238       43,484  

Total current liabilities

     187,265       763,343       112,428       1,123,500       165,473  

Total non-current liabilities

     11,544       172,787       25,449       351,539       51,776  

Total liabilities

     198,809       936,130       137,877       1,475,039       217,249  

Total mezzanine equity

     187,887       1,129,987       166,428       5,504,014       810,652  

Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)

     (58,475     (55,800     (8,218     (2,637,466     (388,457

Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders’ equity (deficit)

     328,221       2,010,317       296,087       4,341,587       639,444  


 

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The following table presents our summary consolidated cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020:

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2018     2019     2019     2020  
    RMB     RMB     US$     RMB     RMB     US$  
    (in thousands)  

Summary Consolidated Cash Flow Data

           

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

    (96,207     (6,179     (908     28,150       (621,267     (91,503

Net cash used in investing activities

    (7,877     (148,172     (21,824     (96,097     (220,968     (32,545

Net cash provided by financing activities

    123,678       795,231       117,124       775,472       2,155,015       317,399  

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

    20,384       651,517       95,958       726,326       1,288,397       189,760  

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the period

    4,678       25,062       3,691       25,062       676,579       99,649  

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period

    25,062       676,579       99,649       751,388       1,964,976       289,409  

The following table presents summary operating data for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020:

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2018     2019     2019     2020  

Summary Operating Data:

       

Total number of DTC customers (in millions)

    7.0       23.4       15.7       23.5  

Average net revenue per DTC customer(1) (in RMB)

    82.6       114.1       106.8       120.7  

 

Note:

 

(1)

Average net revenue per DTC customer is calculated as total net revenues generated from DTC channels, including our online stores operated on e-commerce platforms, our company channels on Weixin and our experience stores, divided by the total number of DTC customers (see “Prospectus Summary—Conventions that Apply to this Prospectus”) in the relevant period. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, our total net revenues generated from DTC channels were RMB578.5 million, RMB2,670.9 million (US$393.4 million), RMB1,676.1 million and RMB2,836.4 million (US$417.8 million), respectively.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In evaluating the business, we consider and use non-GAAP income (loss) from operations and non-GAAP net income (loss), each a non-GAAP financial measure, in reviewing and assessing our operating performance. The presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be



 

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considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We present these non-GAAP financial measures because they are used by our management to evaluate operating performance and formulate business plans. We believe that the non- GAAP financial measures help identify underlying trends in our business, provide further information about our results of operations, and enhance the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects.

The non-GAAP financial measures are not defined under U.S. GAAP and are not presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools. Our non-GAAP financial measures do not reflect all items of income and expense that affect our operations and do not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. Further, these non-GAAP measures may differ from the non-GAAP information used by other companies, including peer companies, and therefore their comparability may be limited. We compensate for these limitations by reconciling the non-GAAP financial measures to the nearest U.S. GAAP performance measure, all of which should be considered when evaluating performance. We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety and not rely on a single financial measure.

We define non-GAAP income (loss) from operations as income (loss) from operations excluding share-based compensation expenses, and non-GAAP net income (loss) as net income (loss) excluding share-based compensation expenses and a non-recurring item of forward value loss on a forward liability incurred in connection with a forward to purchase Series A-2 Preferred Shares at a fixed price provided to one of our shareholders. The table below sets forth a reconciliation of our income (loss) from operations to non-GAAP income (loss) from operations, and our net income (loss) to non-GAAP net income (loss) for the periods indicated.

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,      For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2018     2019      2019      2020  
     RMB     RMB      US$      RMB      RMB     US$  
     (in thousands)  

Income (loss) from operations

     (33,314     143,761        21,175        72,294        (1,148,819     (169,203

Add:

               

Share-based compensation

     14,031       74,995        11,046        56,442        656,824       96,740  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations

     (19,283     218,756        32,221        128,736        (491,995     (72,463
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

     (40,124     75,359        11,101        29,143        (1,157,211     (170,438

Add:

               

Share-based compensation

     14,031       74,995        11,046        56,442        656,824       96,740  

Fair value loss on a forward liability

     2,014       —          —          —          —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-GAAP net income (loss)

     (24,079     150,354        22,147        85,585        (500,387     (73,698
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 


 

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in our ADSs involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus, including the risks and uncertainties described below, before making an investment in our ADSs. Any of the following risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In any such case, the market price of our ADSs could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry

We operate in a dynamic industry and have a limited operating history. Our historical results of operations and financial performance may not be indicative of future performance.

We started operation in 2016. Our total net revenues increased by 377.1% from RMB635.3 million in 2018 to RMB3,031.2 million (US$446.4 million) in 2019 and by 73.2% from RMB1,888.9 million in nine months ended September 30, 2019 to RMB3,271.6 million (US$481.9 million) in nine months ended September 30, 2020. As a fast growing company with a relatively limited operating history, our historical growth may not be indicative of our future performance. We may not be successful in executing our growth strategy, and even if we achieve our strategic plan, we may not be able to sustain profitability. In future periods, our revenue could decline or grow more slowly than we expect. We may also incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including as a result of the materialization of the following risks and the other risks described in this prospectus, and we may encounter unforeseen difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors:

 

   

we may be unsuccessful in predicting and capturing industry trends and consumer preferences;

 

   

we may be unable to introduce new products that appeal to consumers;

 

   

we may be unsuccessful in protecting or enhancing the recognition and reputation of our brands;

 

   

we may be unsuccessful in competing for market share with our existing or new competitors;

 

   

the ability of our third-party suppliers, manufacturers and logistics providers to produce and deliver our products in a timely way and in accordance with ever changing customer expectations could be disrupted;

 

   

we may fail to adjust our sales and marketing strategies fast enough to stay current with consumers’ behavioral changes in using internet and mobile devices;

 

   

we may not be able to maintain and improve our customer experience;

 

   

we may experience service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network security breaches which may result in the disruption of our operating systems or the loss of confidential information of our consumers;

 

   

we may be unable to retain key members of our senior management team or attract and retain other qualified personnel;

 

   

we may fail to successfully implement our new business initiatives, especially expansion into new offerings or new business lines in which we have limited or no prior experience, including sustaining continued expansion of Abby’s Choice and Little Ondine;

 

   

we may fail to successfully expand our offline experience store network; and

 

   

we may be affected by international trade tension and any adverse economic conditions in China or internationally.

 

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We cannot be sure that we will be successful in addressing these and other risks and challenges we may face in the future. Any of these occurrences could have a material and adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our customer base may not continue to grow or may decline as a result of such risks. Any of these risks could cause our net sales growth to decline and may adversely affect our margins and profitability. Failure to continue our net sales growth or improve margins could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. You should not rely on our historical rate of net sales growth as an indication of our future performance.

The beauty industry is highly competitive. If we are unable to compete effectively, we may lose our market share and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

We face vigorous competition from both domestic and international players in China in the beauty industry, including large multinational consumer products companies that own or operate multiple beauty brands. Competition in the beauty industry is intense and based on multiple factors, including the ability to launch new products, pricing of products, quality of products and packaging, brand awareness, perceived value and quality, innovation, offline sales capabilities, customers’ functional and emotional satisfaction, promotional activities, advertising, editorials, e-commerce and mobile-commerce initiatives and other activities. We must compete with a high volume of new product introductions and a large number of existing products sold by diverse companies across several different distribution channels.

Many domestic and multinational consumer goods companies have greater financial, technical or marketing resources, longer operating histories, greater brand recognition or larger customer bases than we do and may be able to respond more effectively to changing business and economic conditions than we can. Despite our differentiated business model, existing and new players in the industry may also transform their business model and directly compete with us. They may also roll out products targeting young generations at a customer-friendly price or adopt a price-cutting strategy for their current products to directly compete with us. Given the established sales network these large consumer goods companies maintain and the greater brand power they have, we cannot ensure that our existing customers will not allocate more wallet share to their products or cease to purchase products from us completely. Further, our competitors may attempt to gain market share by offering products at prices at or below the prices at which our products are typically offered. Competitive pricing may require us to reduce our prices, which would decrease our profitability or result in lost sales. Our competitors, many of whom have greater resources than we do, may be better able to withstand these price reductions and loss of sales.

It is difficult for us to predict the timing and scale of our competitors’ activities in these areas or whether new competitors will emerge in the beauty industry. In addition, further technological breakthroughs, including new and enhanced technologies which increase competition in the online retail market, new product offerings by competitors and the strength and success of our competitors’ marketing programs may impede our growth and the implementation of our business strategy.

Our ability to compete also depends on the continued strength of our brand and products, our ability to predict and capture industry trends and consumer preferences, the success of our marketing, innovation and execution strategies, the continued diversification of our product offerings, the successful management of new product introductions and innovations, strong operational execution, including in order fulfillment and supply chain management, and our success in entering new markets and expanding our business in existing geographies. If we are unable to continue to compete effectively, we may lose our market share and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

 

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Our success is dependent on the continued popularity of our products and our ability to anticipate and respond to changes in industry trends and consumer preferences and behavior in a timely manner.

The success of our business and operations depends on our ability to continuously offer quality products that are attractive to consumers. The beauty industry is driven in part by fashion and beauty trends and consumer preferences and behavior, which may shift quickly and have been heavily affected by the rapidly increasing use and proliferation of social and digital media by consumers, and the speed with which information and opinions are shared. As industry trends and consumers’ preferences and behavior continue to change, we must also continually work to develop, produce and market new products, maintain and enhance the recognition of our brands, achieve a favorable mix of products and refine our approach as to how and where we market and sell our products. Our success depends on our products’ appeal to a broad range of consumers whose preferences and behavior cannot be predicted with certainty and may change rapidly, and on our ability to anticipate and respond in a timely and cost-effective manner to industry trends and consumer preferences and behavior through product innovations, product line extensions and marketing and promotional activities, among other things. Drawing on our deep engagement with our customers and our advanced big data analytics, we have been able to anticipate and react to industry trends and consumers’ preferences and behavior in an effective and efficient manner. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully anticipate and respond to consumers’ preferences and behavior at all times, especially as we continue to broaden our customer base and diversify our product offerings aimed at customers with differing characteristics. If we are unable to anticipate and respond to the changes in industry trends and consumer preferences and behavior, we may fail to continuously develop products with wide market acceptance, capture emerging growth opportunities, adopt competitive sales strategies for our existing products, or properly predict and manage our inventory. Such failure could also negatively impact our brand image and result in diminished customer experience and brand loyalty. Any of these occurrences could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects and results of operations.

Our new product introductions may not be as successful as we anticipate, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

The fast evolving fashion and beauty trends and consumer preferences have shortened the life cycles of beauty products and required us to continually work to develop, produce and market new products, maintain and enhance the recognition of our brands and shorten our product development and supply chain cycles. Our continued success depends on our ability to develop and launch products in a timely and cost-effective manner in response to beauty industry trends, consumer preferences for beauty products and consumer attitudes toward our industry and brand. If we do not successfully and consistently develop new products that appeal to our customers our net revenues and margins could suffer.

We have an established process for the development, evaluation and validation of our new product concepts. Nonetheless, each new product launch involves risks, as well as the possibility of unexpected consequences. For example, the acceptance of new product launches and sales to our customers may not be as high as we anticipate, due to a lack of acceptance of the products themselves or their price, or limited effectiveness of our marketing strategies. Introduction of new products targeted at expanding our product reach beyond our current customer base may not be as successful as we anticipate due to insufficient data insights on and understanding about the preferences, trends and behaviors of such new customer group. Our ability to launch new products may be limited by delays or difficulties affecting the ability of our suppliers or manufacturers to timely manufacture new products. In addition, we may experience a decrease in sales of certain existing products as a result of newly launched products. Also, product innovation may place a strain on our

 

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employees and our financial resources, including incurring expenses in connection with product innovation and development, marketing and advertising that are not subsequently supported by a sufficient level of sales. Further, sales of new products may be affected by the efficacy of our inventory management and quality of delivery and order fulfilment services provided by our logistics providers, and we may experience product shortages and delayed or defective or improper product delivery. Any of these occurrences could delay or impede our ability to achieve our sales objectives, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As part of our ongoing business strategy, we expect we will continue to introduce new products in the eyes, lips, face, kits, tools and skincare categories, while expanding our product launches into adjacent categories in which we may have little to no prior operating experience. The success of product launches in adjacent product categories could be hampered by our relative inexperience operating in such categories, the strength of our competitors or any of the other risks referred to above. Furthermore, any expansion into new product categories may subject us to additional operational and financial constraints which could inhibit our ability to successfully accomplish such expansion. If we fail to continue to roll out commercially successful products in our traditional categories or in adjacent categories, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Our business depends, in part, on the quality, effectiveness and safety of our products.

Any loss of confidence on the part of consumers in the ingredients used in our products, whether related to product contamination or product safety or quality failures, actual or perceived, or inclusion of prohibited or restricted ingredients or improper mixture of ingredients, could tarnish the image of our brands and could cause consumers to choose other products. Allegations of contamination or other adverse effects on product safety or suitability for use by a particular consumer, even if untrue, may require us to expend significant time and resources responding to such allegations and could, from time to time, result in suspension of sales or a recall of a product from any or all of the markets in which the affected product was distributed. Any such issues or recalls could negatively affect our profitability and brand image.

If our products are found to be, or perceived to be, defective or unsafe, or if they otherwise fail to meet our consumers’ expectations, our relationships with consumers could suffer, the appeal of our brand could be diminished, we may need to recall some of our products and/or become subject to regulatory action, and we could lose sales or market share or become subject to boycotts or liability claims. In addition, safety or other defects in our competitors’ products could reduce consumer demand for our own products if consumers view them to be similar. Any of these outcomes could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to successfully implement our growth strategy.

Our future growth, profitability and cash flows depend upon our ability to successfully implement our business strategy, which, in turn, is dependent upon a number of factors, including our ability to:

 

   

build a strong portfolio of brands;

 

   

further penetrate our targeted markets by attracting new consumers and retaining and further engaging our existing customers;

 

   

capture the industry trends and develop and launch new products and expand into relevant adjacencies in answer to such trends;

 

   

integrate offline and online shopping experience to provide a seamless omni-channel environment for our customers;

 

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continue to use innovation to drive sales, improve technological and operational efficiencies and improve profit margin;

 

   

enhance our technology and data capabilities, especially in AI and big data analytics fields, so as to enhance our ability to predict and follow customers’ preferences, trends and behaviors;

 

   

effectively manage the quality and efficiency of our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners and logistics and other third-party service providers’ performance;

 

   

continue to broaden and diversify our online and offline distribution channels;

 

   

pursue strategic investments and collaborations to complement our existing capabilities and expand our brand portfolio and geographic reach; and

 

   

leverage our high performance team culture to drive margins.

There can be no assurance that we can successfully achieve any or all of the above initiatives in the manner or time period that we expect. Further, achieving these objectives will require investments which may result in short-term costs without generating any current net sales and therefore may be dilutive to our earnings. We cannot provide any assurance that we will realize, in full or in part, the anticipated benefits we expect our strategy will achieve. The failure to realize those benefits could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be unable to manage our growth effectively or efficiently.

Growing our business rapidly will place a strain on our management team, financial and information systems, supply chain and distribution capacity and other resources. To manage growth effectively, we must continue to enhance our operational, financial and management systems, including our warehouse management and inventory control; maintain and improve our internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures; maintain and improve our information technology systems and procedures; and expand, train and manage our employee base.

We may not be able to effectively manage this expansion in any one or more of these areas, and any failure to do so could significantly harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Growing our business rapidly may make it difficult for us to adequately predict the expenditures we will need to make in the future. If we do not make the necessary overhead expenditures to accommodate our future growth, we may not be successful in executing our growth strategy, and our results of operations would suffer.

We have incurred net loss in the past, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future.

We incurred net loss of RMB40.1 million in 2018 and generated net income of RMB75.4 million (US$11.1 million) in 2019. We generated net loss of RMB1,157.2 million (US$170.4 million) in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to net income of RMB29.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019. We also had negative cash flows from operating activities of RMB96.2 million, RMB6.2 million (US$0.9 million) and RMB621.3 million (US$91.5 million) for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. We cannot assure you that we will be able to generate net profits or positive cash flow from operating activities in the future. Our ability to maintain profitability will depend in large part on our ability to maintain or increase our operating margin, either by growing our revenues at a rate faster than our costs and operating expenses increase, or by reducing our costs and operating expenses as a percentage of our net revenues. We also expect to continue to make significant future expenditures related to the continuous development and expansion of our business, including:

 

   

investments in our product development team and research and development team and in the development of new products;

 

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investments in sales and marketing, enlarging our customer base and promoting market awareness of our brands and products;

 

   

investments in expansion of our online and offline distribution channels in a measured manner, including the buildout of our offline experience store footprint;

 

   

investment in establishing a manufacturing hub jointly with Cosmax (Guangzhou) Cosmetics Co., Ltd., a Chinese subsidiary of Cosmax, Inc., or Cosmax, in Guangzhou;

 

   

investment in enhancing data and information technology and improving operating efficiency, including improving the efficiency in supply chain management, warehouse management and inventory control; and

 

   

incurring costs associated with general administration, including legal, accounting and other expenses related to being a public company.

As a result of these significant expenses, we will have to generate sufficient revenue to remain profitable in future periods. We may not generate sufficient revenue for a number of reasons, including potential lack of demand for our products, increasing competition, challenging macro-economic environment, the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other risks discussed elsewhere in this prospectus. If we fail to sustain or increase profitability, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our business and prospects depend on our ability to build our brands and reputation, which could be harmed by negative publicity with respect to us, our products and operations, our management, brand ambassadors, KOLs, or other business partners.

We believe that maintaining and enhancing the reputation of our brands is of significant importance to the success of our business and that our financial success is directly dependent on consumer perception of our brands. Well-recognized brands are important to enhancing our attractiveness to consumers. Since we operate in a highly competitive market, brand maintenance and enhancement directly affect our ability to maintain our market position. As a young company, our brand awareness among consumers may not be as strong as the more established beauty brands, and maintaining and enhancing the recognition and reputation of our brand is critical to our business and future growth.

Our ability to maintain our reputation and brand is affected by many factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include our ability to provide a satisfactory consumer experience, which in turn depends on our ability to bring innovative products to the market at competitive prices that respond to consumer demands and preferences, our ability and that of our manufacturing and service partners to comply with ethical and social standards, such as those concerning animal testing, and various and evolving rules and standards related to product quality and safety, labor and environmental protection, our ability to produce safe and high-quality products, our ability to provide satisfactory order fulfillment services, and our ability to provide responsive and superior customer services. Failure to succeed in any of these areas could damage our customer experience, our reputation and brand image and our ability to retain and attract customers. The success of our brand may also suffer if our marketing plans or product initiatives do not have the desired impact on our brand’s image or its ability to attract consumers. In the past three years, we have invested substantial efforts in promoting our brands. See also “—We have incurred significant costs for a variety of sales and marketing efforts, including mass advertising and heavy promotions to attract customers through multiple channels. If we are unable to conduct our sales and marketing efforts in a cost-effective and efficient manner, our results of operations and financial conditions may be materially and adversely affected.” We cannot assure you, however, that these activities are and will be successful or that we can achieve the brand promotion effect we expect. If we are unable to preserve our reputation,

 

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enhance our brand recognition or increase positive awareness of our products, it may be difficult for us to maintain and grow our consumer base, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, any failure by our third-party manufacturers or raw material suppliers to comply with ethical, social, product, labor and environmental laws, regulations or standards, or any of their engagement in politically or socially controversial conduct, such as animal testing, could negatively impact our reputations and lead to various adverse consequences, including decreased sales and consumer boycotts. Also, we may face customer complaints or negative publicity about us, our products, our management, our business partners, our brand ambassadors or the KOLs we collaborate with from time to time, which may adversely affect our brand, reputation and business and diminish the appeal of our brand to consumers. Certain of such negative publicity may come from malicious harassment or unfair acts by third parties or our competitors, which are beyond our control. See also “—Negative publicity about our brand ambassadors or KOLs may adversely affect our reputation, our business and our results of operations.”

Damage to our reputation or the reputations of our business partners or loss of consumer confidence for any of these or other reasons could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition, as well as require additional resources to rebuild our brand and reputation.

If we are unable to provide superior customer experiences, our business and reputation may be materially and adversely affected.

The success of our business hinges on our ability to provide superior customer experience, which in turn depends on a variety of factors. These factors include our ability to bring innovative products to the market at competitive prices that respond to consumer demands and preferences, our ability to fit in the lifestyle of our customers and deeply engage with our customers and our ability to maintain the quality of our products and services, provide timely and reliable delivery and responsive and superior before- and after-sales service. In addition to other efforts we have made in maintaining a superior customer experience as discussed elsewhere in this prospectus, such as our relentless efforts in guaranteeing product quality and offering products responsive to industry trends and customers’ preferences, we also invest substantially to provide quality and responsive customer service.

As of September 30, 2020, we had approximately 1,200 beauty advisors. Although we provide standardized employee conduct training and beauty product training for all our beauty advisors and maintain a detailed employee handbook regulating employee conduct, there is no assurance that our beauty advisors will provide consistently satisfactory customer service to our customers. In addition, as our network of beauty advisors continues to rapidly expand along with our growth, it may be harder for us to manage our advisors and ensure the quality of services they provide to our customers. Any negative customer service experience with our beauty advisors either offline in our physical stores or online through our customer communities or one-on-one chats may discourage customers from purchasing our products and adversely affect our reputation and brand image.

We also operate one customer service center in Guangzhou which provides service daily from 8:30a.m. to midnight, handling all kinds of customer queries and complaints regarding our products and services. As of September 30, 2020, we had nearly 300 customer service representatives at our customer service center. If our customer service representatives fail to provide satisfactory service, or if waiting times are too long due to the high volume of calls from customers at peak times, our brand and customer loyalty may be adversely affected. There is no assurance that we will be able to maintain a low turnover rate of existing employees and provide sufficient training to new employees to meet our standards of customer service or that an influx of less experienced personnel will not dilute the quality

 

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of our customer service. In addition, any negative publicity or poor feedback regarding our customer service may harm our brand and reputation and in turn cause us to lose customers and market share.

The market for beauty products in China is continuously evolving and may not grow as quickly as expected, or at all, which could negatively affect our business and prospects.

Our business and prospects depend on the continuous development and growth of the market for beauty products in China. The growth and development of the market for beauty products is impacted by numerous factors and subject to uncertainties that are beyond our control, such as the macroeconomic environment, per capita spending, consumers’ interest in beauty, consumers’ purchasing frequency, demand for beauty products from consumers in lower tier cities, regulatory changes, technological innovations, cultural influences and changes in tastes and preferences. We cannot assure you that the market will continue to grow as rapidly as it has in the past, in ways that are consistent with other markets, such as that of the United States, or at all. If the market for beauty products in China does not grow as quickly as expected or at all, or if we fail to benefit from such growth by successfully implementing our business strategies, our business and prospects may be negatively affected.

Changes to the pricing of our products could adversely affect our results of operations.

We aim to bring to consumers affordable high-quality beauty products and experiences. The pricing of our products is based on multiple factors, including, without limitation, the pricing of the components, ingredients and raw materials, costs of product development, anticipated sales volume, manufacturing costs and logistics service expenditures. Benefiting from our deep engagement with our customers, large volume of customer data we amassed and our data analytic technologies, we are in a good position to analyze consumers’ preferences and demands, evaluate the market acceptance and potential sales volume of our new products to be launched, which enables us to price our products at a competitive rate. Nevertheless, we cannot ascertain that we will adopt a competitive pricing strategy for our products at all times. If we price our products too low, our profit margin will suffer. If we price our products higher than consumers’ expected price, we may not achieve the sales volume we expect, in which case revenues from the corresponding products may be negatively affected.

Even if we properly price our products at their launch time, we may need to offer substantial discounts, especially during the major shopping festivals such as “618,” “Singles’ Day” and “Double Twelve,” to promote our brand awareness and to drive sales volume, or cut down the price as our products advance in their life cycles to maintain such products’ attractiveness to consumers. We may also need to reduce the prices to sell excess inventory in the event that we fail to accurately forecast demands. Any such price cuts may not lead to the sales volume we expect and may negatively impact the demand for our other newly launched or higher-end products, in which case our revenues could be negatively impacted. Furthermore, some customers may purchase our products in bulk when we offer substantially discounted or promotional prices and then re-sell them through their proprietary or third-party channels. The market and pricing for our products may be interrupted by the secondary sale pricing strategies adopted by such resellers and the possible negative shopping experience they provide to consumers, which may negatively impact our brand image and our business.

KOLs play an important role in promoting our products and driving traffic to our online and experience stores. If we fail to attract new KOLs or retain our existing ones, or the KOLs we cultivate are not widely accepted by our targeted consumers, our sales volume and our business may be negatively impacted.

We cooperate with popular KOLs to promote our brand awareness and drive traffic to our online and experience stores. We collaborated with close to 15,000 KOLs of varying popularity with different

 

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follower bases to promote our products and drive traffic to our online and experience stores as of September 30, 2020. If we are unable to attract new popular KOLs or retain existing ones to partner with us in promoting our brands and products, especially those with a large number of followers that we rely on to promote our brands and products, such as Austin Jiaqi Li and Weiya, our ability to influence the purchase decisions of our targeted consumers may be impaired. In addition, we occasionally cooperate with some of the KOLs based on oral agreements or in other informal manners to accommodate our fast-paced sales and marketing activities, which may expose us to higher risk of disputes with these KOLs over the terms and conditions of the cooperation. In case disputes arise out of our cooperation with KOLs based on oral or informal agreements, we may be left in a weaker position to prove our case compared to cooperation based on formal written agreements entered into.

In addition to cooperating with popular KOLs, we incubate KOLs on our own. We incurred a significant amount of operating expenses in training and providing professional support to our KOLs for fiscal years 2018 and 2019. A significant portion of such expenses in respect to each KOL are incurred before the KOL has developed a sufficiently large fan base or generated any revenue for us. The success of KOLs is subject to many uncertainties, including their personal style, charisma, attitude and professionalism and other circumstances beyond our control. We cannot assure that the efforts we invest in cultivating KOLs will achieve the level of success we expect. If any of our KOLs fails to develop a large follower base to our expectations, we may fail to recoup the costs incurred in training and supporting such KOL, which may adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Negative publicity about our brand ambassadors or KOLs may adversely affect our reputation, our business and our results of operations.

Our brand and reputation may be perceived to be connected with the reputation of the KOLs we collaborate with and our brand ambassadors. Therefore, our brand image and reputation could be hurt by negative publicity about the KOLs we collaborate with or our brand ambassadors. Negative publicity about them could occur in many circumstances that are beyond our control. For example, the KOLs we collaborate with may post unlawful, false, offensive or controversial content on their social media pages, notwithstanding any terms of use of the social media platforms and our guidelines, which may result in negative comments and complaints or even cause their accounts to be closed by social media platforms. Although we have requested the KOLs we collaborate with and our brand ambassadors to observe certain behavioral covenants and to refrain from conduct that is detrimental to our reputation and brand image, we cannot ensure that they will strictly follow the requirements. In addition, they may also receive negative publicity if they are involved in any illegal activities, scandals or rumors. Any such negative publicity, regardless of veracity, could hurt our reputation and may result in costs incurred to offset such reputation damage and have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have incurred significant costs for a variety of sales and marketing efforts, including mass advertising and heavy promotions to attract customers through multiple channels. If we are unable to conduct our sales and marketing efforts in a cost-effective and efficient manner, our results of operations and financial conditions may be materially and adversely affected.

As a relatively young company, we have invested, and will continue to invest, a large amount of financial and other resources in promoting our brand awareness and acquiring customers, including expanding our marketing and sales teams, retaining KOLs and purchasing advertisements. In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we incurred RMB309.3 million, RMB1,251.3 million (US$184.3 million) and RMB2,033.8 million (US$299.5 million) in selling and marketing expenses, accounting for 48.7%, 41.3% and 62.2% of our total net revenues, respectively. Our marketing and branding activities may not be well received, successful or cost-effective, which may lead to significantly higher marketing expenses in the future. We may also

 

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not be able to continue our existing marketing and branding activities, or successfully identify and utilize the new trends in marketing strategies, channels and approaches that appeal to or fit in the lifestyle of our targeted customers. We may also fail to adjust our sales and marketing strategies fast enough to stay current with consumers’ behavioral changes in using internet and mobile devices. Failure to refine our existing marketing strategies or introduce new effective marketing strategies in a cost-effective manner could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, failure to comply with relevant provisions of Advertising Law of the PRC, promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, or the SCNPC in 1994 and amended on October 26, 2018, Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics, or the Supervision Regulations, promulgated by the State Council on June 16, 2020 and which will become effective from January 1, 2021, and other relevant laws and regulations will result in the restriction, inhibition or delay of our ability to sell products. See “Regulation—Regulations Relating to Cosmetic Products, Regulations Relating to Food Business, Regulations Relating to Product Quality and Consumers Protection, and Regulations Relating to Advertising”.

We rely on certain ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners to produce our products. The loss of one or more of these ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners, business challenges at one or more of these ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners, or any failure on their part to produce products that are consistent with our standards or in accordance with contractual or regulatory requirements could harm our brand, cause consumer dissatisfaction, and result in material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

We currently rely on certain ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners based in China to produce all of our products, including in some cases only a single contract manufacturer for some of our products. Our top five ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners collectively accounted for a majority of our total purchase amount from all OEM/ODMs in both 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Our reliance on a limited number of ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners for each of our products exposes us to a number of risks, since we do not currently have alternative or replacement ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners beyond these key parties.

We usually enter into framework engagement contracts with our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners and then place orders to the ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners when manufacturing needs arise. We may experience operational difficulties with our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners, including reductions in the availability of production capacity of our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners due to reasons such as competing orders or sudden increases in demand, failure to comply with product specifications, insufficient quality control, unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information such as product formulation, failure to meet quality control standards and production deadlines, delays in delivery of products to our warehouses, increases in manufacturing costs and longer lead time. Our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners may experience disruptions in their manufacturing operations due to equipment breakdowns, labor strikes or shortages, natural disasters, component, ingredient or raw material shortages, fire, cost increases, violation of environmental, health or safety laws and regulations and national and industrial standards in terms of product safety, health epidemics, or other problems. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic widely and negatively impacted supply chains in China in early 2020. Our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners’ operations were disrupted during this period, which in turn adversely affected our business and results of operations. We may be unable to pass potential cost increases associated with operational difficulties to our customers. In the event of interruption from any of our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners, we may not be able to increase capacity from other sources or develop alternate or secondary sources without incurring material additional costs and substantial delays. In addition, as we cooperate with these third party ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners on a non-exclusive basis, we cannot ensure that such contract manufacturers will not prioritize orders of other principals, including our competitors, in the case of supply shortages. We may also have disputes with our ODM/OEM and

 

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packaging supply partners, which may result in litigation expenses, divert our management’s attention and cause supply shortages to us. Further, we may not be able to renew contracts with our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners for our existing products on acceptable terms, or at all, or identify ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners who are capable of producing our existing and new products we target to launch in the future. Our competitors could enter into restrictive or exclusive arrangements with our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners that could impair or eliminate our access to such manufacturing capacity. It may take a significant amount of time to identify ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners that have the capability and resources to produce our products to our specifications in sufficient volume. Identifying suitable ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners is an extensive process that requires us to become satisfied with their quality control, technical capabilities, responsiveness and service, financial stability, regulatory compliance, and labor and other practices. Accordingly, a partial or complete loss of any of our significant contract manufacturers, or a significant adverse change in our relationship with any of our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Any failure of such partners to perform with regards to quantity, quality, timely supply of products or other obligations under our agreements may have a material negative impact on our business and results of operations. Furthermore, we currently rely on these third-party manufacturers to formulate our products. We cannot assure you that they do not ever and will not deviate from their covenants. Any leakage, plagiary or disclosure of the formulas for manufacturing our products could be detrimental to our business prospects and results of operations. In the event they violate confidentiality agreements with other parties when developing formulas for us, we could be negatively affected.

We have entered into a joint venture arrangement with Cosmax to build a large scale cosmetics manufacturing hub in Guangzhou. Our collaboration with Cosmax and our investment in establishing the manufacturing facility in Guangzhou as a minority shareholder are subject to a number of risks, many of which are beyond our control, including but not limited to the potential failure of the manufacturing base currently under construction to start operations on time due to delays in construction and other reasons beyond our control, our limited influence over Cosmax, our lack of control over the board of directors of the joint venture and limited ability in monitoring and controlling the actions of the joint venture, potential dispute between us and Cosmax over corporate governance matters, and risks associated with possible deviations from the requirements under, or the non-performance of, the joint venture agreement by Cosmax. If any of the risks materialize, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

We and our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners are susceptible to supply shortages and interruptions, long lead times, and price fluctuations for raw materials and ingredients, any of which could disrupt our supply chain and have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

Our product portfolio includes various product categories and product lines. Mass production of our products requires timely and adequate supply of various types of raw materials, components and ingredients. Some of the components, ingredients and raw materials used to produce our products are sourced from third-party suppliers through our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners, and some of these components, ingredients and raw materials are sourced from a limited number of suppliers or a single supplier or certain foreign suppliers. Therefore, we are subject to risks of shortages or discontinuation in supply, long lead times, cost increases and quality control issues with our suppliers, as well as unfavorable international trade policies, heightened tariffs and fluctuation in currency exchanges. See also “—Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material and adverse effect on the value of your investment and our results of operations” and “—Changes in international trade policies and rising political tensions, particularly between the U.S. and China, may adversely impact our business and operating results.” In addition, some of our suppliers may have more established

 

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relationships with our competitors and the ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners that our competitors utilize, and as a result of these relationships, we cannot assure that such suppliers will not choose to limit or terminate their relationships with us or our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners or prioritize our competitors’ orders in the case of supply shortages.

In the event of a component, ingredient or raw material shortage or supply interruption from suppliers, we and our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners will need to identify alternative sources of supply, which can be time-consuming, difficult to locate, and costly. We and our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners may not be able to source these components, ingredients or raw materials on terms that are acceptable, or at all, which may result in delays in deliveries of our products by our manufacturers or increased costs and undermine our ability to fill customer orders in a timely manner. This could cause delays in shipment of our products, harm our customers’ experience on our products, and adversely affect our reputation and results of operations.

Moreover, the market prices for certain raw materials, components and ingredients have been volatile. If we experience significant increases in the market price for components, ingredients or raw materials for our products, we may not be able to recover these costs through increasing sales price to our customers, in which case our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Our business is subject to complex and evolving product safety laws, regulations and standards. If we fail to comply with these laws, regulations and safety standards or our products otherwise have defects, we may be required to recall products and may face penalties and product liability claims, either of which could result in unexpected costs and damage our reputation.

The manufacturing, distribution, packaging, importation and exportation of beauty products and their components, ingredients and raw materials are subject to complex product safety-related laws, regulations and national and industrial standards. See “Regulation—Regulations Relating to Cosmetic Products”. To maintain compliance and promote product safety, we have established a team dedicated to product quality inspection, product sampling and quality issues resolution and cooperate with the world’s leading testing centers to continually oversee the quality and safety of our products. In addition, we closely work with our counsel on the development in laws, regulations and standards applicable to our business. However, as these laws, regulations and standards are relatively new and their interpretation and implementation have been constantly evolving, we cannot assure that the competent authorities will always hold the same view as our counsel team does in terms of the compliance of our business operations.

We currently outsource our product manufacturing to third party ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners, and in many cases rely on them to procure raw materials, components and ingredients. Thus, we do not have sufficient control over the raw material procurement and manufacturing process and cannot be sure that all of the suppliers of raw materials, components and ingredients chosen by our contract manufacturers would have met our standards and expectations and been selected by us had we done the procurement ourselves, neither could we guarantee that no contaminations, defects or other safety issues would happen with respect to the raw materials, components and ingredients or during the manufacturing process. We have required our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners to deliver reports evidencing the safety of the products and imposed compliance covenants on the ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners. However, we cannot be sure that these measures are or will be effective in preventing all defects or safety issues or otherwise maintaining full compliance of our products with product safety related laws, regulations and standards. Our exposure to product liability risk may increase as our manufacturing and sales volume increases. The situation is further complicated by the fact that a product may be safe for the general population when used as directed

 

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but could cause an adverse reaction for a person who has a health condition or allergies, or who is taking a prescription medication. While we include what we believe are adequate instructions and warnings, previously unknown adverse reactions could occur. If we discover that any of our products are causing adverse reactions, we could suffer adverse publicity or administrative sanctions. If any batch of our products contain contaminants, fail to meet national safety standards or otherwise has defects or safety issues, we may need to suspend the sale or, in severe cases, order recalls of such batch or all of the products in question.

Any failure or perceived failure to comply with laws, regulations or standards with respect to product safety, or any sale suspension or product recall may lead to government investigations, penalties and lawsuits and may result in adverse publicity, potential significant costs in connection with the suspension of sales or recall, and could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our operating results could be materially harmed if we are unable to accurately forecast consumer demand for our products or adequately manage our inventory.

Our business requires us to manage a large volume of inventory effectively. We depend on our forecasts of demand for, and popularity of, various products to make purchase decisions and to manage our inventory of stock-keeping units. Demand for products, however, can change significantly between the time inventory, components, ingredients or raw materials are ordered and the date of sale. Demand may be affected by seasonality, new product launches, rapid changes in product cycles and pricing, product defects, promotions, changes in consumer spending patterns, changes in consumer tastes with respect to our products and other factors, and our consumers may not purchase products in the quantities that we expect. It may be difficult to accurately forecast demand and determine appropriate levels of product or componentry. We generally do not have the right to return unsold products to our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners. If we fail to manage our inventory effectively or negotiate favorable credit terms with third-party manufacturers and suppliers, we may be subject to a heightened risk of inventory obsolescence, a decline in inventory values, and significant inventory write-downs or write-offs in the case of overestimation of consumer demand, or increased costs to secure necessary production and delivery delays in the case of underestimation of consumer demand. An inability to meet consumer demand and delays in the delivery of our products to our customers could result in reputational harm and damaged customer relationships. In addition, if we are required to lower sale prices in order to reduce inventory level or to pay higher prices to our manufacturers and suppliers, our profit margins might be negatively affected. Any of the above may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations have been, and may continue to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Beginning in January 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has severely impacted China and the rest of the world. Our business and operations have also been affected as a result. In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the temporary closure of many corporate offices, retail stores, and manufacturing facilities across China. Given the strict implementation of quarantine measures during this period, social and economic activities throughout China were sharply curtailed, and opportunities for discretionary consumption, especially in offline sales channels, were significantly limited during the period. Operations of our offline experience stores were adversely impacted by the quarantine measures in China, which resulted in temporary store closures from late January through early April. However, as net revenues generated from experience stores accounted for less than 10% of total net revenues during 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, the impact from the temporary store closures on our sales volume during such period was not material.

Due to the overall weakening consumer sentiment and purchasing activities as a result of the impact of COVID-19, our sales volume and total net revenues experienced slower-than-expected growth in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Our online sales volume witnessed slower-

 

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than-expected growth in the first quarter of 2020 due to the unavailability of, or significant delays in, delivery services during such period. Despite this slowdown, net revenues generated through online channels continued to grow in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with the same period in 2019. While our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners and other service partners had to operate at reduced capacity during such period, we were able to maintain sufficient levels of inventory and fulfillment capacity through our self-operated warehouses. However, due to market conditions and consumer demand being less favorable than we expected in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as a result of the impact of COVID-19, we recorded an inventory provision of RMB80.9 million (US$11.9 million) in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which contributed to a slight decrease in our gross profit margin from 64.1% in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to 63.1% in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. In addition, as a result of the impact of COVID-19, our ROI on advertising, marketing and brand promotion spending decreased and, as the impact of COVID-19 in China gradually declined in the third quarter of 2020, we further stepped up our marketing efforts to capture the resurgence in consumer sentiment and social activities. Such impacts contributed to the increase of our selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of total net revenues from 42.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to 62.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The growth in our total net revenues for the third quarter of 2020 rebounded with this recovery in consumer sentiment and we generated higher total net revenues in the third quarter of 2020 compared to the previous quarters and also the corresponding quarter in 2019.

Many of the quarantine measures within China have since been relaxed as of the date of this prospectus, and we, together with our packaging supply partners and other business partners, have gradually resumed normal operations since early March 2020 with the exception of our experience stores which re-opened in early April 2020. The global spread of COVID-19 pandemic in major countries of the world may also result in global economic distress, and the extent to which it may affect our results of operations will depend on future developments of the COVID-19 pandemic, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict. Currently, there is no vaccine or specific anti-viral treatment for COVID-19 that is ready for massive usage. Relaxation of restrictions on economic and social activities may also lead to new cases which may lead to re-imposed restrictions. If the situation materially deteriorates in China or globally, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

We rely on third-party e-commerce platforms to sell our products online. If such platform’s services or operations are interrupted or if our cooperation with such platforms terminates, deteriorates or becomes more costly, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Currently, we rely on third-party e-commerce platforms such as Tmall, JD.com and Vipshop, among others, for online sales of our products and derive a material portion of our online sales revenue through and from such platforms. In both 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a majority of our gross sales were generated through our store on Tmall. If such platform’s services or operations are interrupted, if such platforms fail to provide satisfactory customer experience and fail to attract new and retain existing users, if our cooperation with such third-party e-commerce platforms terminates, deteriorates or becomes more costly, or if we fail to incentivize such platforms to drive traffic to our flagship stores or promote the sale of our products, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to find alternative channels on terms and conditions commercially acceptable to us in a timely manner, or at all, especially given their leading position and significant influence in China’s e-commerce industry. In addition, any negative publicities about such third-party e-commerce platforms, any public perception or claims that non-authentic, counterfeit or defective goods are sold on such platforms, be it with merit or proven or not, most of which are beyond our control, may deter visits to the platforms and result in less customer traffics to our flagship stores or fewer sales of our products, which may negatively impact our business and results of operations.

 

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We introduced company channels on Weixin in the second half of 2018 to further diversify our distribution channels. We may be subject to the relatively new E-Commerce Law as a result of our company channels on Weixin. Failure to comply with such regulations may have a material impact on our business, financial conditions and results of operations. See “Regulation—Regulations Relating to Online Trading and E-Commerce.”

We rely on third-party service providers for logistics services. If these service providers fail to provide reliable services, our business and reputation may be adversely affected.

We rely on third-party couriers and logistics providers for order fulfillment and delivery services, including, among others, collection of products, warehousing services, shipping products to our customers, our experience stores and our designated warehouses and handling product returns. While these arrangements allow us to focus on our main business, they reduce our direct control over the logistics services provided to our customers. Logistics in our primary locations or transit to final destinations may be disrupted for a variety of reasons, including events that are beyond our control or the control of these service providers, such as inclement weather, natural and man-made disasters, health epidemics, information technology system failures, transportation disruptions, labor unrest, commercial disputes, military actions or economic, business, labor, environmental, public health, or political issues. In addition, if our third-party logistics service providers fail to comply with applicable rules and regulations in China, our delivery services may be materially and adversely affected. If any of our service providers’ operations or services are disrupted or terminated, we may not be able to find alternative service providers with quality and on commercial terms to our satisfaction in a timely and reliable manner, or at all. Furthermore, delivery personnel of contracted third-party logistics service providers act on our behalf and interact with our customers personally. We need to effectively manage these third-party logistics service providers to ensure the quality of customer services. If our products are not delivered in proper condition or in a timely manner or there is any other failure to provide high-quality delivery services to our customers, our products may be compromised, customer experience may be impaired and, as a result, our business and reputation could suffer. Further, if our logistics providers raise their fee rate, we may incur additional costs and may not be able to pass such costs to our customers.

Our delivery, return and exchange policies may adversely affect our results of operations.

We have adopted shipping policies that do not necessarily pass the full cost of shipping onto our customers. We also have adopted customer-friendly return and exchange policies that make it convenient and easy for customers to change their minds within seven days after completing direct online purchases from us. We may also be legally required to adopt new or amend existing return and exchange policies from time to time. These policies improve customers’ shopping experience and promote customer loyalty, which in turn help us acquire and retain customers. However, these policies also subject us to additional costs and expenses which we may not recoup through increased revenues. If our delivery, return and exchange policies are misused by a significant number of customers or if the return or exchange rates increase beyond historical records or otherwise substantially, our costs may increase significantly and our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. If we revise these policies to reduce our costs and expenses, our customers may be dissatisfied, which may result in loss of existing customers or failure to acquire new customers at a desirable pace, which may materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

Failure to successfully manage our fulfillment infrastructure expansion or any interruption in the operation of the warehouse facilities for an extended period may negatively affect our business and results of operations.

We believe that our fulfillment infrastructure, consisting of strategically located warehouses, is essential to our supply chain management. Most of the warehouses we use are operated by third-party

 

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vendors over which we have limited control. We provide our operating standards under our operating agreements with third-party vendors and typically renew these agreements on an annual basis. We also operate one warehouse in Guangzhou. We plan to add new warehouse facilities in more locations across China through cooperation with third-party vendors to enhance the efficiency in fulfilling the rapidly increasing orders placed from all areas in China. We cannot assure you that we will be able to add suitable warehouse facilities on commercially acceptable terms or at all. In addition, our ability to process and fulfill orders accurately and provide high quality customer service depends on the smooth operation of the warehouse facilities. Any decrease in the quality of service offered by these third-party vendors will adversely affect our reputation and business operations. The warehouse facilities may be vulnerable to damage caused by fire, flood, power outage, telecommunications failure, break-ins, earthquake, health epidemics, human error and other events. If any of the warehouse facilities were rendered incapable of operations, then we may be unable to fulfill our orders on a timely basis, which could result in canceled sales and a loss of customer loyalty and have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, business operations at warehouse facilities could be disrupted if any of the employees working therein are suspected of being infected with COVID-19, since it could require the employees to be quarantined and/or the facilities to be disinfected. We do not carry business interruption insurance, and the occurrence of any of the foregoing risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

The expansion of our experience stores has required and will continue to require a substantial investment and commitment of resources and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties.

We are diversifying and expanding our distribution channels, which includes expansion of our experience store network in a measured manner to better connect with our customers and deliver a more immersive beauty experience. Our experience stores have required substantial investment in equipment and leasehold improvements, information systems, inventory and personnel, often times even prior to generating any sales in these stores. We also have entered into substantial operating lease commitments for store space. A decline in sales or the closure or poor performance of individual or multiple stores could result in significant lease termination costs, write-offs of equipment and leasehold improvements and severance costs.

The success of our experience store network expansion depends in part on our ability to manage the financial and operational aspects of our experience stores expansion strategy, our ability to properly assess the potential profitability and payback period of potential new experience store locations, our ability to hire and train skilled store operating personnel, especially management personnel, our ability to immerse such personnel in our culture, and our ability to guarantee timely supply of inventory for experience stores. We cannot assure you that we will succeed in all of these areas. In addition, many factors unique to offline retail operations, some of which are beyond our control, pose risks and uncertainties to our experience store network expansion. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, macro-economic factors that could have an adverse effect on general retail activity, health epidemics, the overall customer traffic in and around the location of our experience stores, the opening of stores of competitors in the same area or location of our experience stores, the opening of a new store of ours in the same city as our existing experience stores, our failure in identifying appropriate locations for opening up new experience stores and accurately predicting customer traffic at such new stores, our inability to attract high customer traffic to our experience stores, our inability to manage costs associated with store construction and operation, more challenging environments in managing offline retail operations, costs associated with unanticipated fluctuations in the value of retail inventory, and our inability to obtain and renew leases in quality retail locations at a reasonable cost. If we are unable to open experience stores at convenient locations in such cities that have large number of customers of our online product sales and offer similar competitive price at our experience stores as our online stores, our ability to retain these customers,

 

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foster strong brand loyalty and further enlarge our customer base may be negatively impacted. Meanwhile, if we are unable to generate sufficient sales from these stores, we may fail to recover the advanced costs and investments in connection with such experience store expansion and our business and profitably may suffer. The substantial management time and resources which any future experience store expansion strategy may require could also result in disruption to our existing business operations, which may decrease our net revenue and profitability.

Failure to maintain or renew our current leases or locate desirable alternatives for our facilities could materially and adversely affect our business.

We primarily lease properties for our offices, experience stores and warehouse. We usually enter into long-term lease agreements with real estate owners for a period of more than three years. To the extent we need to terminate the lease and relocate prior to the expiration of the lease term, we may face termination fees or be liable for breach of contracts. Meanwhile, for those locations that we want to continue our presence, we may not be able to successfully extend or renew such leases upon expiration of the current term on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Certain leases we entered into with relevant real estate owners contain covenants relating to periodical turnover commitments or certain minimum operation results commitments. We cannot assure you that we will be able to fulfill such covenants at all times. Our failure to comply with relevant covenants may result in the real estate owners’ unilateral right to terminate the relevant leases and may therefore be forced to relocate our affected operations. Any of these occurrences could disrupt our operations and result in significant relocation expenses, which could, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, we compete with other businesses for premises at certain locations or of desirable sizes. As a result, even though we could maintain, extend or renew our leases, rental payments may significantly increase as a result of the high demand for the leased properties. Further, we may not be able to locate desirable alternative sites for our facilities as our business continues to grow and failure in relocating our affected operations could adversely affect our business and operations.

Expansion into international markets will expose us to significant risks.

Building on our success in China, we have started to expand globally, starting in Southeast Asia, where we have already established operations. Expansion into international markets requires significant resources and management attention and subjects us to regulatory, economic, and political risks in addition to those we already face in China. There are significant risks and costs inherent in doing business in international markets, including:

 

   

difficulty in establishing and managing international operations and the increased operations, travel, infrastructure, including establishment of local delivery service and customer service operations, and legal compliance costs associated with locations in different countries or regions;

 

   

the need to adjust pricing and margins to effectively compete in international markets;

 

   

the need to adapt and localize products for specific countries and the potential differences in customer preferences, including obtaining rights to third-party intellectual property used in each country;

 

   

increased competition from local providers of similar products and services;

 

   

the ability to protect and enforce intellectual property rights abroad;

 

   

the need to offer content and customer support in various languages;

 

   

difficulties in understanding and complying with local laws, regulations, and observation of religious and cultural customs and conventions in other jurisdictions;

 

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compliance with anti-bribery laws, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, by us, our employees, and our business partners;

 

   

complexity and other risks associated with current and future legal requirements in other countries, including legal requirements related to consumer protection, consumer product safety, and data privacy frameworks, such as the E.U. General Data Protection Regulation;

 

   

varying levels of internet technology adoption and infrastructure, and increased or varying network and hosting service provider costs;

 

   

tariffs and other non-tariff barriers, such as quotas and local content rules, as well as tax consequences;

 

   

fluctuations in currency exchange rates and the requirements of currency control regulations; and

 

   

political or social unrest or economic instability in a specific country or region in which we operate.

We have limited experience with international regulatory environments and market practices and may not be able to penetrate or successfully operate in the markets we choose to enter. In addition, we may incur significant expenses as a result of our international expansion, and we may not be successful in such expansion. Our products and services may not be accepted as fast as we expect, or at all, by consumers in new markets due to our limited brand recognition in certain parts of the world, or if our third-party manufacturers or raw materials suppliers. In the event they are alleged to be incompliant with ethical, social, product, labor and environmental standards of such markets, such as those related to animal testing, which are usually more stringent than those of China. We may also face challenges to acceptance of our beauty-related content in new markets. Our failure to successfully manage these risks could harm our international operations and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

An economic downturn may adversely affect consumer discretionary spending and demand for our products and services.

Our beauty products may be considered discretionary items for consumers. Factors affecting the level of consumer spending for such discretionary items include general economic conditions and other factors, such as consumer confidence in future economic conditions, consumer sentiment, the availability and cost of consumer credit, levels of unemployment, and tax rates. Unfavorable economic conditions may lead consumers to delay or reduce purchases of our products and consumer demand for our products may not grow as we expect. Our sensitivity to economic cycles and any related fluctuation in consumer demand for our products and services may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We collect, store, process and use a variety of customer data and information for analysis of the changing consumer preferences and fashion trends, which subjects us to laws and regulations related to privacy, information security and data protection. Any failure to comply with these law and regulations could materially and adversely harm our business.

We collect, store, process and use a variety of customer data and information for analysis of the changing consumer preferences and fashion trends to guide our product development and to improve our products and customer experience.

The confidentiality, access, collection, use and disclosure of customers’ data are highly regulated in China. PRC government authorities have enacted a series of laws and regulations relating to the

 

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protection of privacy, personal information and data, under which we are required to clearly indicate the purposes, methods and scope of any information collection and usage, to obtain appropriate customer consent and to establish customer information protection systems with appropriate remedial measures. See “Regulation—Regulations Relating to Internet Information Security and Privacy Protection”. While we strive to comply with such laws and regulations, as well as our privacy policies and other obligations we may have with respect to privacy and data protection, some of our data collection activities may be deemed beyond the scope of or without the consent from our customers. Any failure or perceived failure to comply with laws, regulations or policies related to privacy, information security and data protection may result in inquiries and other proceedings or actions against us by government authorities or others, as well as negative publicity and damage to our reputation and brand, each of which could cause us to lose customers. In addition, as data protection and privacy issues draw more and more attention from the society, we may also become subject to new laws and regulations, or newly adopted interpretation and application of existing privacy and data protection laws or regulations, which are often uncertain and in flux and could further restrict collection and usage of customer data, or otherwise inconsistent with our practice. Any additional enactment or promulgation of this type may, among other things, require us to implement new security measures or bring within the legislation or promulgation other personal data not currently regulated. Compliance with any additional laws could be expensive, may place restrictions on our data collection and processing practice, the conduct of our business and the manner in which we interact with our customers.

Any security and privacy breach may lead to leak and unauthorized disclosure of data and information we aggregate, which may hurt our brand image, our business and results of operations.

We store and analyze customer and operations data, and security breaches expose us to a risk of loss of such data, litigation and potential liability. Our data is encrypted and saved on cloud-based servers, segregated from the internet, protected by access control, and further backed up in long-distance servers, so as to minimize the possibility of data loss or breach. We have not experienced material incidents of security breach.

Despite the security measures we have implemented, we may experience cyber-attacks of varying degrees, including attempts to hack into our cloud or our intranet and steal customer and business information or obtain economic benefit from us. Our security measures may also be breached due to employee error, malfeasance or otherwise. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce our employees to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our data, or may otherwise obtain access to such data. Any such breach or unauthorized access could result in significant legal and financial exposure, damage to our reputation and a loss of confidence in the security of our information system that could deter our customers from engaging with us, and have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. If an actual or perceived breach of our security occurs, our customers’ and business partners’ perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed, we could lose customers and business partners, may not be able to maintain the level of engagement with customers and business partners and we may be exposed to significant legal and financial risks, including legal claims and regulatory fines and penalties. Any of these actions could have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

 

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If our proprietary data analytics algorithms for consumer preference prediction and content recommendation flawed or ineffective, our trend prediction and customer acquisition abilities could be harmed.

We rely on our proprietary data analytics algorithms to analyze customer data, to predict consumer preferences, and to recommend beauty-related content that may be of interest to our customers. Although we have invested substantially in the development and continued improvement of our algorithm, we cannot assure that our algorithm does not and will not carry any flaw or defect that could compromise our data analysis results. Particularly, some of these flaws or defects may not become evident until the algorithm is put to actual usage or after its continued failure to accurately predict customers’ preferences or industry trends. Even if the algorithm is properly designed, its performance may be affected by the quality and volume of customer data we aggregated. For example, in case we enter into a new product category, we may not have sufficient data related to consumers’ purchase behavior or consumers’ views about products in this category, which could limit the ability of our algorithm to effectively analyze and predict consumer preferences at least at the early stage of such newly launched product category.

In addition, we expect to experience significant growth in the amount of data we need to process as we continue to develop our business and enlarge our customer base. As the amount of data and variables we process increases, the calculations that our algorithms must process become increasingly complex and the likelihood of any defect or error increases. To the extent our proprietary algorithms fail to deliver accurate analysis results or experience significant errors or defects, our ability to predict customers’ preferences and industry trend and to develop products with wide market acceptance could be impaired.

User misconduct on and misuse of the online consumer communities we organize may adversely impact our brand and reputation, and may subject us to liabilities.

In addition to interactions with our customers at our experience stores, we organize customer communities on Weixin, through which we establish closer relationships with, and develop better understanding of, our customers through deep engagement with them. Such communities also allows customers to share shopping experience and freely communicate with each other. However, we don’t have full control over how and what our customers will communicate, and our communities could be misused by some of our customers. For example, some of our customers may use our communities as a platform to distribute content that could be deemed as spam by other customers, such as marketing materials for his or her own businesses or businesses he or she is employed to promote, which could impair our customers’ experience. In addition, once invited into our online communities, our customers can add each other as contacts and communicate and interact privately. We have no control over our customers’ behaviors off our online communities and cannot rule out the possibility that some of them may engage in immoral, disrespectful, fraudulent or illegal activities. To the extent such behaviors or activities are associated with our communities, the public perception of our reputation and brand image could be harmed and prospective customers may be deterred from joining our online communities, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business and reputation.

We are increasingly dependent on information technology, and if we are unable to protect against service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network security breaches, our operations could be disrupted.

We rely on information technology networks and systems to market and sell our products, to process, transmit and store electronic and financial information, to manage and monitor a variety of business processes and activities and to comply with regulatory, legal and tax requirements. We are dependent on a variety of information systems to effectively process and fulfill customer orders. We

 

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also depend on our information technology infrastructure for digital marketing activities, for managing our various distribution channels, for electronic communications among our personnel, customers, manufacturers and suppliers and for synchronization with our manufacturers and logistics providers on demand forecast, order placements and manufacturing and service status and capacity. These information technology systems, some of which are managed by third parties, may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components, power outages, hardware failures, computer viruses, attacks by computer hackers, telecommunication failures, user errors or catastrophic events. Any material disruption of our systems, or the systems of our third-party manufacturers, e-commerce platforms or service providers, could disrupt our ability to track, record and analyze the products that we sell and could negatively impact our operations, shipment of goods, ability to meet customer requests, ability to process financial information and transactions, and ability to receive and process orders or engage in normal business activities. If our information technology systems suffer damage, disruption or shutdown, we may incur substantial cost in repairing or replacing these systems, and if we do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected, and we could experience delays in reporting our financial results.

If we fail to maintain and upgrade our information technology systems, it may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As we grow our business, we expect to continue to invest in and implement, upgrades to our information technology systems and procedures. Without these improvements, our operations might suffer from unanticipated system disruptions, slow data processing, unreliable service levels, impaired quality or delays in reporting accurate information, any of which could negatively affect our reputation and ability to attract and retain customers. However, such upgrades may subject us to inherent costs and risks associated with changes to these systems, including potential disruption of our internal control structure, additional administration and operating expenses, failure to acquire or retain sufficiently skilled personnel to implement and operate the new systems, demands on management time and other risks and costs of delays or difficulties in transitioning to or integrating new systems into our current systems. In addition, the upgrade and improvement of our information technology systems and infrastructure may require us to commit substantial financial, operational and technical resources, with no assurance our business will increase. If we fail to respond to technological change or to adequately maintain and upgrade our systems and infrastructure in response to changing business needs in a timely, effective and cost-efficient fashion, our business could be adversely affected.

Real or perceived inaccuracies in our operating metrics may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business.

We regularly review our operating metrics in relation to our customers to evaluate growth trends, measure our performance, and make strategic decisions. These metrics are calculated using our internal data as well as third-party platform’s data, have not been validated by an independent third party, and may not be indicative of our future operation results. Our operating metrics may differ from estimates published by third parties or from similarly titled metrics used by other companies due to differences in methodology. If we discover material inaccuracies in the operating metrics we use, or if they are perceived to be inaccurate, our reputation may be harmed and our evaluation methods and results may be impaired, which could negatively affect our business.

The payment methods that we accept subject us to third-party payment-related risks and other risks.

We accept payments from our customers using a variety of methods, including online payments with credit cards and debit cards issued by major banks and payment through third-party online

 

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payment platforms such as Weixin Pay and Alipay. We also rely on third parties to provide payment processing services. For certain payment methods, including credit and debit cards, we pay interchange and other fees, which may increase over time and raise our operating costs and lower our profit margins. We may also be subject to fraud and other illegal activities in connection with the various payment methods we offer, including online payment options. We may also be subject to various rules, regulations, and requirements, regulatory or otherwise, governing electronic fund transfers and online payment, which could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to comply with. If we fail to comply with these rules or requirements, we may be subject to fines and higher transaction fees and lose our ability to accept credit and debit card payments from our customers, process electronic fund transfers, or facilitate other types of online payments, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our ability to enrich our content offerings could be substantially impaired if we fail to cooperate with third-party content providers or fail to attract or retain high quality in-house writers and editors.

We currently generate content primarily through our in-house editorial team. We also collaborate with third-party professional content providers to extend the breadth and depth of our content offerings. The demand and competition for skilled and experienced writers and editors are intense. We may not be able to compete effectively for talents, neither can we guarantee we will not lose existing editors or writers. We may also incur increased compensation expenditures as we upscale our editorial team or increase compensation and benefits to retain our skilled writers and editors. In addition, if we fail to maintain our cooperation with third-party professional content providers upon terms commercially acceptable to us, we may lose a portion of high-quality content offerings. Any of these occurrences may adversely affect our ability to produce high-quality content in an effective manner, resulting in deterioration of user experience and harm to our brand, and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected as a result.

If the content we produce and distribute through online social and content platforms, or content available on our website, is deemed to violate PRC laws or regulations, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We produce and distribute professionally generated beauty and wellness related content on third party online social and content platforms such as Weixin, Douyin, Kuaishou, Bilibili, and RED to promote beauty related knowledge, to improve our brand awareness and to generate consumers interest in our products. Under PRC laws, we are required to monitor content we produce and distribute for items that are factually incorrect, socially destabilizing, obscene or defamatory, and promptly take actions with respect to such content items. Sometimes, it is arguable as to whether a piece of information is factually incorrect or involved other types of illegality, and it may be difficult to determine the type of content that may result in liability to us. Our burden to administer the content, and costs associated therewith, may be exacerbated if we develop our own app with user discussion panel or other interactive functions or features in the future, or introduce such interactive features and functions to our website and Weixin mini-program. If we are found to be liable, we may be subject to fines, revocation of our relevant licenses and other administrative and civil actions, which may interrupt our business. We have implemented measures to review content in light of the relevant laws and regulations before any of them is published. However, such procedures may not prevent all illegal or impropriate contents from being distributed, especially content created during living streaming by KOLs we collaborate with.

 

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If our cash from operations is not sufficient to meet our current or future operating needs and expenditures, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we had negative cash flows from operations of RMB96.2 million, RMB6.2 million (US$0.9 million) and RMB621.3 million (US$91.5 million), respectively. We may require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any marketing initiatives, investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. To the extent we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow, we may be forced to cancel, reduce or delay these activities. Our ability to generate cash to meet our operating needs and expenditures will depend on our future performance and financial condition, which will be affected by financial, business, economic, legislative, regulatory and other factors, including potential changes in costs, pricing, the success of product innovation and marketing, competitive pressure and consumer preferences. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our cash needs, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to dispose of material assets or operations. Alternatively, if our sources of funding are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to obtain credit facilities or sell equity or debt securities. The sale of equity securities would result in dilution of our existing shareholders, including holders of our ADSs. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in debt service obligations and operating and financing covenants that could restrict our operations. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be subject to infringement claims of intellectual property rights or other rights of third parties, which may be expensive to defend and may disrupt our business and operations.

Our commercial success depends in part on our ability to operate without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the trademarks, patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other proprietary rights of others. We have adopted and implemented internal procedures and licensing practices to prevent unauthorized use of such intellectual properties or the infringement by us of other rights of third parties. However, we cannot be certain that these measures can be effective in completely preventing all possible infringement, misappropriation and other violations of third-party’s intellectual property rights or other rights during the course of our business. As we face increasing competition and as litigation becomes a more common way to resolve disputes in China, we face a higher risk of being the subject of intellectual property infringement claims.

We cannot be certain that our operations or any aspects of our business do not or will not infringe upon or otherwise violate patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. This is especially the case as our sales and marketing activities may use photos or video clips that contain portraits of individuals and shows performed by others such as recorded product promotion live-streaming held by our cooperating KOLs. We cannot rule out the possibility that some of these use cases are not properly authorized by the relevant performers and/or proprietary right holders, which may expose us to potential liabilities for infringement of portrait rights or rights to network dissemination of information under Chinese laws. In addition, although we enter into license agreements with third party proprietary right holders, we cannot rule out the possibility that some uses of such licensed rights might exceed the authorized scope or permitted license time period specified in such license agreements. Furthermore, there could also be existing intellectual property of which we are not aware that our operations and business may inadvertently infringe upon. As such, we may from time to time in the future be subject to legal proceedings and claims relating to the intellectual property rights of others. Also, although we have not been subject to claims or lawsuits outside China, we cannot assure you that we will not become subject to intellectual property laws in other jurisdictions, such as the

 

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United States. If a claim of infringement brought against us in China, the United States or another jurisdiction is successful, we may be required to pay substantial penalties or other damages and fines, enter into license agreements which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all or be subject to injunctions or court orders. Even if allegations or claims lack merit, defending against them could be both costly and time consuming and could significantly divert the efforts and resources of our management and other personnel. Competitors and other third parties may claim as well that our officers or employees or our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners have infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated their product formulas, confidential information, trade secrets or other proprietary information or technology in the course of their employment with us or in their designing and manufacturing products for us, as the case may be. Although we take steps to prevent the unauthorized use or disclosure of such third-party information, intellectual property or technology by our officers, employees or ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners, we cannot guarantee that our internal intellectual property policy, any other policies or contractual provisions that we have implemented or may implement will be effective. If a claim of infringement, misappropriation or violation is brought against us or one of our officers or employees, we may suffer reputational harm and may be required to pay substantial damages, subject to injunction or court orders or be required to suspend sales of our products or to remit to the plaintiff the revenues we derive from the sales, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, the value of our brands and other intangible assets may be diminished, and our business may be adversely affected.

We rely on a combination of trademark, copyright, trade secret, patent and other laws protecting proprietary rights, nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements and other practices, to protect our brands and proprietary information, know-hows, technologies and processes. Our principal intellectual property assets include the registered trademarks for our brands, the design and invention patents and copyrights for our products and logos. Our copyrights, trademarks and design and invention patents are valuable assets that support our brands and consumers’ perception of our products. Although we have existing and pending trademark and patent registrations in China, there can be no assurance that all of them will be issued or registered. Historically, some of our trademark applications on certain key categories were rejected, which result in difficulties in our ability to protect our use of brand name or logo on products of such categories, and may subject us to possible intellectual property disputes with third parties over such uses. Third parties may also oppose our trademark or patent applications domestically or abroad, or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks or patents. In the event that our trademarks or patents are successfully challenged, we could be forced to rebrand our products or to refrain from using certain designs, which could result in the loss of brand recognition, impair the attractiveness of our products and could require us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands and product designs.

Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights and proprietary information, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual properties or know-hows. Monitoring for infringement or other unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights and know-hows is difficult and costly, and such monitoring may not be effective. From time to time, we may have to resort to courts or administrative proceedings to enforce our intellectual property rights, which may result in substantial cost and diversion of resources. The PRC has historically afforded less protection to a company’s intellectual property than the United States and, therefore, companies such as ours operating in the PRC face an increased risk of intellectual property piracy.

 

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Our employees or business partners or other parties with whom we maintain business relationship may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, which may disrupt our business, hurt our reputation and results of operations.

Our employees or business partners, including third-party manufacturers and logistics service providers, may be subject to regulatory penalties or punishments or other legal proceedings because of their wrongdoings or regulatory compliance failures, which may disrupt our business. For example, we currently rely on third-party manufacturers to produce our products. Although we usually require them to provide compliance representations and covenants, we cannot assure that they will not engage in any incompliant practices such as environmental or product safety requirement violations. If they engage in any noncompliance or face regulatory sanctions or operation suspensions, our business may as a result be disrupted and our reputation may be harmed.

We are exposed to the risk of fraud or other misconduct by our employees or third parties partners with whom we have business arrangements. Misconduct by employees or third-party partners could include inadvertent or intentional failures to comply with the laws and regulations to which we are subject or with our policies, provide accurate information to regulatory authorities, comply with ethical, social, product, labor and environmental standards, comply with fraud and abuse laws and regulations, report financial information or data accurately, or disclose unauthorized activities to us. We have no control over the off-work time and behaviors of our employees and the operations of our third-party partners. Any legal liabilities of, or regulatory actions against, our employees, especially key employees, or business partners may affect our business activities and reputation and, in turn, our results of operations.

We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in PRC regulation of internet-related business and companies, including limitations on our ability to own key assets.

We leverage the internet for many of our sales, consumer acquisitions and engagement and daily operations. Foreign ownership of and the licensing and permit requirements pertaining to companies operating in the internet industry are subject to government scrutiny. These internet-related laws and regulations are relatively new and evolving, and their interpretation and enforcement involve significant uncertainties. As a result, in certain circumstances it may be difficult to determine what actions or omissions may be deemed to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations. Issues, risks and uncertainties relating to PRC government regulation of such industries include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

   

We operate our business and hold licenses through our VIE and its affiliates due to restrictions on foreign investment in businesses providing value-added telecommunication services.

 

   

Uncertainties relating to the regulation of the internet business in China, including evolving licensing practices, give rise to the risk that some of our permits, licenses or operations may be subject to challenge, which may be disruptive to our business, subject us to sanctions or require us to increase capital, compromise the enforceability of relevant contractual arrangements, or have other adverse effects on us. The numerous and often vague restrictions on the collection and usage of customer data and on content distributed online in China may subject us to potential liability.

 

   

Although we have not received notice of violation or faced administrative actions in connection with our operation of business via the VIE and its affiliates, we cannot assure that the PRC government will not find such practice incompliant with PRC laws and regulations or the interpretation thereof, in which case we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.

 

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Due to the increasing popularity and use of the internet and other online services, with respect to online sales, advertising, customer acquisition, data acquisition and usage, or otherwise related to internet industries a number of laws and regulations have been adopted and it is possible that more and will be adopted in the future. The adoption of additional laws or regulations, the application to our business of laws and regulations from jurisdictions whose laws do not currently apply to our business, or the application to our business of existing laws and regulations that are traditionally not applicable to digital forms of services, may heighten requirements for us to conduct our operations, which could, in turn, increase our cost of doing business, disrupt our operations and impede the development or growth of the internet industry generally.

We cannot assure you that subsequent laws and regulations or interpretation of existing ones would not render our operations non-compliant or that we would always be in full compliance with applicable laws and regulations. In the event that we must remedy any violations, we may be required to modify our business models in a manner that undermines the experience of our customers. We may also become subject to fines or other penalties and, if we determine that the requirements to operate in compliance are overly burdensome, we may elect to terminate the non-compliant operations. In each case, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

If we fail to obtain and maintain the requisite licenses, permits, registrations and filings applicable to our business, or fail to obtain additional licenses, permits, registrations or filings that become necessary as a result of new enactment or promulgation of government policies, laws or regulations or the expansion of our business, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Internet and beauty industry and certain business models and practices such as the operation of franchise business and export oriented e-commerce business in China are highly regulated, and requires multiple licenses, permits, filings and approvals to conduct and develop business. Currently, we have obtained the following valid licenses through our VIE and other subsidiaries: value-added telecommunication business operation license for provision of internet information services, or the ICP License, the cosmetics manufacturing permit and the cosmetics operation permit and the permit to produce and distribute radio and television programmes. However, as a fast growing company with limited operating history that is continuously exploring more approaches to conduct sales and marketing cost-effectively and capture points of growth, we have not obtained all the licenses, registrations and filings necessary or advisable for certain of our operations, especially the newly launched ones. We enable our customers to share and replay video clips on our Weixin mini-program, which may require us to obtain an License for Online Transmission of Audio-visual Programs. Our sales of products through our international website www.perfectdiary.com to consumers in the Southeastern Asia area may require us to complete a foreign trade business operator registration and the export goods consignor/consignee registration. In addition, we launched our franchise business model for our products under the brand of Perfect Dairy in the second half of 2020, which requires us to file the franchise agreement in effect with the regulatory authorities within 15 days after a franchise agreement is entered into. We currently have not obtained these permits or licenses or completed the relevant registrations or filings, which may subject us to warnings, orders of correction, pecuniary penalties or other administrative proceedings. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not received any notice of warning or been subject to any administrative penalties or other disciplinary actions from the relevant governmental authorities for lack of licenses, permits, registrations or filings. However, we cannot assure you that we will not be subject to any administrative action that may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, certain licenses, permits or registrations we hold are subject to periodic renewal. If we fail to maintain or renew one or more of our licenses and certificates when their current term expires, or

 

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obtain such renewals on a timely manner, our operations could be disrupted. In addition, under relevant PRC laws and regulations, our VIE as license holders are required to update certain licenses if any change to their respective name, registered capital or legal representative during the validity period of such license. If we fail to properly renew and maintain all such requisite licenses on time, we may face penalties and in extreme circumstances, order to suspend or terminate our website and online business.

Further, due to uncertainties of interpretation and implementation of existing laws and the adoption of additional laws and regulations, the licenses, permits, registrations or filings we held may be deemed insufficient by PRC governments, which may restrain our ability to expand our business scope and may subject us to fines or other regulatory actions. Furthermore, as we develop and expand our business scope, we may need to obtain additional permits and licenses and we cannot assure that we will be able to obtain such permits on time or at all.

Our acquisition activities and other strategic transactions may present managerial, integration, operational and financial risks, which may prevent us from realizing the full intended benefit of the acquisitions we undertake.

We have in the past and may continue to seek acquisitions that we believe strengthen our competitive position in our key segments and geographies or accelerate our ability to grow into adjacent product categories and channels and emerging markets or which otherwise fit our strategies. For example, in October 2020, we entered into an agreement to acquire from Pierre Fabre, a French pharmaceutical and dermo-cosmetics group, the iconic premium skincare brand, Galénic. The cost of identifying and consummating investments and acquisitions could be high and there can be no assurance that we will be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates, be the successful bidder or consummate acquisitions on favorable terms, or have the funds to acquire desirable acquisitions. Such acquisitions and investments may also require approval from the relevant PRC governmental authorities, which may result in high compliance costs and add uncertainty to the transaction despite the commercial efforts made.

In addition, investments and acquisitions could result in distraction of management from current operations, greater than expected liabilities and expenses, unidentified issues not discovered in our due diligence, the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, significant amortization expenses related to goodwill or intangible assets and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. If the goodwill or intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to our results of operations.

Further, the assumptions we use to evaluate acquisition opportunities may not prove to be accurate and our investments or acquisitions may not yield the results we expect. Even if our assumption is accurate, the integration of acquired businesses into ours may be costly and disruptive to our existing business operations. The integration process involves certain risks and uncertainties, some of which are outside our control, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to realize the anticipated benefits, synergies, cost savings or efficiencies. In the event that our investments and acquisitions are not successful, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate due to seasonality and other factors, which makes our results of operations difficult to predict and may cause our quarterly results of operations to fall short of expectations.

Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and may continue to fluctuate depending upon a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our operating results tend to be

 

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seasonal. For instance, we generate a substantial portion of our net revenues in the second and the fourth calendar quarters as a result of higher sales volume during a series of shopping festivals across e-commerce platforms, such as “618,” “Singles’ Day” and “Double Twelve”. In addition, in order to prepare for such shopping festivals, we must order and keep in stock significantly more merchandise than we would carry at other times of the year. Our selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of net revenues is also typically lower in the second and fourth calendar quarters as a result of higher online traffic during such periods due to promotional activities by e-commerce platforms during shopping festivals such as “618” in the second calendar quarter, as well as “Singles’ Day” and “Double Twelve” in the fourth calendar quarter, which leads to greater sales volumes. However, as a result of the negative impact of COVID-19, our net revenues experienced slower-than-expected growth and our selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of net revenues increased in the first, second and third quarters of 2020. See “—Our operations have been, and may continue to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.” Overall, the historical seasonality of our business has been relatively mild due to our rapid growth but may increase further in the future. As a result of the seasonal fluctuations in our operating results, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and you should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. Our quarterly and annual revenues and costs and expenses as a percentage of our revenues in a given period may be significantly different from our historical or projected rates and our operating results in future quarters may fall below expectations.

We have identified one material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, and if we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls over financing reporting, we may be unable to accurately or timely report our results of operations or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the market price of our ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.

Prior to this offering, we were a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal controls and procedures. In the course of auditing our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified one material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and other control deficiencies. The material weakness identified is our lack of sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge and experience to establish and implement key controls over period end closing and financial reporting and handle complex accounting issues and to properly prepare and review financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with US GAAP and SEC reporting requirements. Neither we nor our independent registered public accounting firm undertook a comprehensive assessment of our internal control under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for purposes of identifying and reporting any weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. Had we performed a formal assessment of our internal control over financial reporting or had our independent registered public accounting firm performed an audit of our internal control over financial reporting, additional material weaknesses or control deficiencies may have been identified.

Upon the completion of this offering, we will become a public company in the United States subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, will require that we include a report from management on our internal control over financial reporting in our annual report on Form 20-F beginning with our annual report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021. In addition, once we cease to be an “emerging growth company” as such term is defined in the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing, may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented,

 

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designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us. In addition, after we become a public company, our reporting obligations may place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future. We may be unable to timely complete our evaluation testing and any required remediation.

During the course of documenting and testing our internal control procedures, in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404, we may identify other or more material weaknesses or deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, if we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. Generally speaking, if we fail to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, we could suffer material misstatements in our financial statements and fail to meet our reporting obligations, which would likely cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information. This could in turn limit our access to capital markets, harm our results of operations and lead to a decline in the trading price of our ADSs. Additionally, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions.

We have limited business insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.

Insurance companies in China currently do not offer as extensive an array of insurance products as insurance companies do in more developed economies. We do not have any business liability or disruption insurance to cover our operations. We have determined that the costs of insuring for these risks and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Any uninsured occurrence may disrupt our business operations, require us to incur substantial costs and divert our resources, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We have granted, and may continue to grant, share incentives, which may result in increased share-based compensation expenses and negatively impact our results of operations.

On September 5, 2018, our board of directors approved the establishment of the Share Option Plan, which plan was later amended and restated on July 26, 2019, March 25, 2020 and September 11, 2020. The Share Option Plan shall be valid and effective for ten years from September 11, 2020. The maximum number of shares that may be issued pursuant to all awards under the Share Option Plan shall be 249,234,508 shares. See “Management—Share Incentive Plan.” For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded an aggregate of RMB14.0 million, RMB75.0 million (US$11.0 million) and RMB656.8 million (US$96.7 million), respectively, in share-based compensation expenses. We believe the granting of share-based compensation is of significant importance to our ability to attract and retain key personnel and employees, and we will continue to grant share-based compensation to employees in the future. As a result, our expenses associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Failure to fully comply with PRC labor-related laws may expose us to potential penalties.

Under the PRC Social Insurance Law and the Administrative Measures on Housing Provident Fund, employees are required to participate in pension insurance, work-related injury insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance, and housing provident funds. In this connection, employers are required, together with their employees or separately, to pay the

 

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contributions to social insurance and housing provident funds for their employees. The relevant government agencies may examine whether an employer has made adequate payments of the requisite statutory employee benefits, and employers who fail to make adequate payments may be subject to late payment fees, fines and/or other penalties. Certain of our PRC subsidiaries failed to make social insurance and housing fund contributions in full for their employees. If the relevant PRC authorities order us to make up for social insurance and housing fund contributions or impose fines and legal sanctions on us for our failure to make social insurance and housing fund contributions in full for our employees, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

In addition, under the Labor Contract Law and the Notice on Issuing the Measures for the Examination and Approval of Flexible Working Hours Arrangement and Comprehensive Working Hours Scheme Adopted by Enterprises, enterprises that are not in a position to implement standard working hours arrangement may adopt special working hours arrangement, including flexible working hours arrangement and comprehensive working hours arrangement. Entities adopting the aforementioned special working hours arrangement shall apply for approval with relevant governmental authorities, otherwise in case of labor disputes, the entities may be required to pay additional compensation to their employees. If the relevant PRC authorities find that our working hour practice constitutes a special working hours arrangement which requires governmental approval, we may be required to pay additional compensation to our employees in case of labor disputes. Also, if we fail to make corrections in time, we may be subject to fines which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, pursuant to the Labor Contract Law, responsibilities assigned to dispatched workers shall be temporary and ancillary in nature and the number of dispatched workers of any given employer shall not exceed 10% of the employer’s total labor force. See “Regulation—Regulations Relating to Employment”. Certain of our PRC subsidiaries hired dispatched workers from dispatch agencies in the past and the number of dispatched workers exceeded 10% the total number of staff of the subsidiary. Although we aimed to not assign dispatched workers on significant tasks, there is no assurance that the assignments performed by them were always temporary and ancillary in nature. We have ceased to hire dispatched workers as of the date of this prospectus and have not received any notice of warning or been subject to any administrative penalties or other disciplinary actions from relevant PRC authorities. However, we cannot assure you that the relevant PRC authorities will not take administrative actions against such PRC subsidiaries of ours for their past practice. To the extent administrative actions are imposed, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be negatively impacted.

Meanwhile, as the PRC labor laws and regulations are evolving and there remain uncertainties with respect to their interpretation and implementation, we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain full compliance at all times or that we will not be subject to labor disputes or government investigations. If we are deemed to have violated relevant labor laws and regulations at any time, we could be required to provide additional compensation to our employees or face administrative proceedings or civil actions and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

A severe and prolonged global economic recession and the slowdown in the Chinese economy may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

COVID-19 had a severe and negative impact on the Chinese and the global economy in the first quarter of 2020 and such impact may continue in the remainder of 2020. Whether this will lead to a prolonged downturn in the economy is still unknown. Even before the outbreak of COVID-19, the global macroeconomic environment was facing numerous challenges. The growth rate of the Chinese economy had already been slowing since 2010. In particular, National Bureau of Statistics of China reported a 6.8% drop in gross domestic product (GDP) for the first quarter of 2020 compared with the same period of 2019. There is considerable uncertainty over the long-term effects of the expansionary

 

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monetary and fiscal policies which had been adopted by the central banks and financial authorities of some of the world’s leading economies, including the United States and China, even before 2020. Unrest, terrorist threats and the potential for war in the Middle East and elsewhere may increase market volatility across the globe. There have also been concerns about the relationship between China and other countries, including the surrounding Asian countries, which may potentially have economic effects. In particular, there is significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States and China with respect to trade policies, treaties, government regulations and tariffs. Economic conditions in China are sensitive to global economic conditions, as well as changes in domestic economic and political policies and the expected or perceived overall economic growth rate in China. Any severe or prolonged slowdown in the global or Chinese economy may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Disruptions in the financial markets and economic conditions could affect our ability to raise capital.

Global economies could suffer dramatic downturns as the result of a deterioration in the credit markets and related financial crisis as well as a variety of other factors including, extreme volatility in security prices, severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, ratings downgrades of certain investments and declining valuations of others. For example, the current COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant volatility in financial markets across the world. Certain governments have taken unprecedented actions in an attempt to address and rectify these extreme market and economic conditions by providing liquidity and stability to the financial markets. If these actions are not successful, the return of adverse economic conditions may cause a significant impact on our ability to raise capital, if needed, on a timely basis and on acceptable terms or at all.

Any catastrophe, including natural catastrophes, health epidemics and other outbreaks and extraordinary events, could disrupt our business operation.

In addition to the impact of COVID-19, our business could be materially and adversely affected by natural disasters, other health epidemics or other public safety concerns affecting the PRC, and particularly Guangdong. Natural disasters may give rise to server interruptions, breakdowns, system failures, technology platform failures, internet failures or otherwise operation interruptions of ours and our manufacturers, suppliers and service providers, which could cause the loss or corruption of data or malfunctions of software or hardware as well as adversely affect the ability of ours and our manufacturers, suppliers and service providers to conduct the daily operations and to manufacture and deliver our products. Our business could also be adversely affected if employees of ours or our manufacturers, suppliers and service providers are affected by health epidemics. In addition, our results of operations could be adversely affected to the extent that any health epidemic harms the Chinese economy in general.

Our headquarters are located in Guangzhou, where most of our directors and management and the majority of our employees currently reside. Consequently, if any natural disasters, health epidemics or other public safety concerns were to affect Guangzhou or Guangdong as a whole, our operation may experience material disruptions, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The continued and collaborative efforts of our senior management and key employees are crucial to our success, and our business may be harmed if we lose their services.

Our success depends on the continued and collaborative efforts of our senior management and key employees. If our senior management cannot work together effectively or efficiently, our business may be severely disrupted. If, however, one or more of our executives or other key personnel are

 

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unable or unwilling to continue to provide services to us, we may not be able to find suitable replacements easily or at all. Competition for management and key personnel is intense and the pool of qualified candidates is limited. We may not be able to retain the services of our executives or key personnel, or attract and retain experienced executives or key personnel in the future.

Our future success will also depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled technical, managerial, editorial, finance, marketing, sales and customer service employees. Qualified individuals are in high demand and competition for talents could cause us to offer higher compensation and other benefits to attract and retain them. Even if we were to offer higher compensation, we may not be able to successfully attract, assimilate or retain the personnel we need to succeed.

If any of our executive officers or employees joins a competitor or forms a competing business, they may divulge business secrets, know-how, customer lists and other valuable resources. Our senior management and key employees have entered into employment agreements and confidentiality and non-competition agreements with us. However, if any dispute arises between any of them and us, we may have to incur substantial costs and expenses in order to enforce such agreements in China or we may be unable to enforce such agreements at all. Any failure to attract or retain key management and personnel could severely disrupt our business and growth.

Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material and adverse effect on the value of your investment and our results of operations.

The conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar, is based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China. The Renminbi has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar and other currencies, at times significantly and unpredictably. The value of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by changes in China’s political and economic conditions and by China’s foreign exchange policies, among other things. We cannot assure you that Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar and other currencies in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or polices of governments of the PRC, U.S. or other countries may impact the exchange rate between Renminbi, U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies in the future.

Significant revaluation of the Renminbi may have a material and adverse effect on your investment. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from this offering into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.

Significant revaluation of the Renminbi may also have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations as a portion of the components, ingredients and raw materials used for the manufacturing of our products are sourced by our third-party manufacturers from foreign companies, the payment of which is denominated in foreign currencies. Therefore, any significant revaluation of Renminbi may result in the rise of production cost, which in turn may lead to the hike of our procurement price.

Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure, or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency.

 

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Changes in international trade policies and rising political tensions, particularly between the U.S. and China, may adversely impact our business and operating results.

Recently there have been changes in international trade policies and rising political tensions, particularly between the U.S. and China. The U.S. government has made statements and taken certain actions that may lead to potential changes to U.S. and international trade policies towards China. While the “Phase One” agreement was signed between the United States and China on trade matters, it remains unclear what additional actions, if any, will be taken by the U.S. or other governments with respect to international trade, tax policy related to international commerce, or other trade matters. In addition, China has implemented, and may further implement, measures in response to new trade policies, treaties and tariffs initiated by the U.S. government. The situation is further complicated by the political tensions between the United States and China that escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the wake of the PRC National People’s Congress’ decision on Hong Kong national security legislation, sanctions imposed by the U.S. Department of Treasury on certain officials of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the central government of the PRC and the executive orders issued by U.S. President in August 2020 that prohibit certain transactions with certain China-based companies and their respective subsidiaries. Rising trade and political tensions could reduce levels of trades, investments, technological exchanges and other economic activities between China and other countries, which would have an adverse effect on global economic conditions, the stability of global financial markets, and international trade policies. It could also adversely affect the financial and economic conditions in the jurisdictions in which we operate, as well as our overseas expansion, our financial condition, and results of operations.

While cross-border business currently may not be an area of our focus, a portion of materials, components and ingredients used for the manufacturing of our products are sourced by our third-party manufacturers from overseas. Any rising trade and political tensions or unfavorable government policies on international trade, such as capital controls or tariffs, may affect our procurement cost for products relying on materials, components and ingredients sourced from overseas, affect the price and demand for our products, impact the competitive position of our products or prevent us from selling products in certain countries. In particular, if any new tariffs, legislation and/or regulations are implemented, or if existing trade agreements are renegotiated or, especially, if the U.S. government takes retaliatory trade actions due to the recent U.S.-China trade and political tension, such changes could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our results of operations could be adversely affected if any such tensions or unfavorable government trade policies harm the Chinese economy or the global economy in general.

We may from time to time become a party to litigation, legal disputes, claims or administrative proceedings that may materially and adversely affect us.

We may from time to time become a party to various litigation, legal disputes, claims or administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. The outcome of any litigation, legal disputes, claims or administrative proceedings is hard to predict. If any verdict or award is rendered against us or if we decide to settle the disputes, we may be required to incur monetary damages or other liabilities. Even if we can successfully defend ourselves, we may have to incur substantial costs and spend substantial time and efforts in these lawsuits. Negative publicity relating to such litigation, legal disputes, claims or administrative proceedings may damage our reputation and adversely affect the image of our brand and services. Furthermore, any litigation, legal disputes, claims or administrative proceedings which are not of material importance may escalate due to the various factors involved, such as the facts and circumstances of the cases, the likelihood of winning or losing, the monetary amount at stake, and the parties concerned continue to evolve in the future, and such factors may result in these cases becoming of material importance to us. Consequently, any ongoing or future litigation, legal disputes, claims or administrative proceedings could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure

If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in China do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.

Foreign ownership in entities that provide internet and other related businesses, including the value-added telecommunication services, is subject to restrictions under current PRC laws and regulations, unless certain exceptions are available. We are an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands and our PRC subsidiaries are considered foreign-invested enterprises. To ensure compliance with the PRC laws and regulations, we conduct our principal business in China through our WFOE, our VIE and its subsidiaries incorporated in China. We have entered into contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders, through which we obtain effective control over the VIE and substantially all of the economic benefits arising from the VIE and are able to consolidate the financial results of the VIE in our results of operations.

Our PRC legal advisor, Zhong Lun Law Firm, has advised us that subject to the risks as disclosed in “—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure,” (i) the ownership structures of our WFOEs and our VIE in China, both currently and immediately after giving effect to this offering, are not in violation of mandatory provisions of applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect; and (ii) the contractual arrangements between our WFOEs, our VIE and its shareholders governed by PRC law are not in violation of mandatory provisions of applicable PRC laws or regulations currently in effect, and valid and binding upon each party to such arrangements and enforceable against each party thereto in accordance with their terms and applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect. However, we have been further advised by our PRC legal counsel that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules. Thus, the PRC governmental authorities may take a view contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to variable interest entity structure will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. If we or our VIE are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals to operate our business, the relevant PRC governmental authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures, including:

 

   

revoking the business licenses and/or operating licenses of such entities;

 

   

imposing fines on us;

 

   

confiscating any of our income that they deem to be obtained through illegal operations;

 

   

discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operations;

 

   

placing restrictions on our right to collect revenues;

 

   

shutting down our servers or blocking our app/websites; or

 

   

requiring us to restructure our ownership structure or operations.

Any of these events could cause significant disruption to our business operations and severely damage our reputation, which would in turn have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. If occurrences of any of these events results in our inability to direct the activities of our VIE in China that most significantly impact its economic performance and/or our failure to receive the economic benefits and residual returns from our VIE, and we are unable to restructure our ownership structure and operations in a satisfactory manner, we may not be able to consolidate the financial results of our VIE in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

 

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We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders for our operations in China, which may not be as effective in providing operational control as direct ownership.

We have to rely on the contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders to operate the business in areas where foreign ownership is restricted, including provision of certain value-added telecommunication services. These contractual arrangements, however, may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our VIE. For example, our VIE and its shareholders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct the operations of our VIE in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests.

If we had direct ownership of our VIE in China, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of our VIE, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by our VIE and its shareholders of their obligations under the contracts to exercise control over our VIE. The shareholders of our VIE may not act in the best interests of our company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. Such risks exist throughout the period in which we intend to operate a large portion of our business through the contractual arrangements with our VIE. If any dispute relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC law and arbitration, litigation and other legal proceedings and therefore will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system. See “—Any failure by our VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business.”

Any failure by our VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business.

If our VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and contractual remedies, which we cannot assure you will be sufficient or effective under PRC law. For example, if the shareholders of our VIE were to refuse to transfer their equity interests in our VIE to us or our designee if we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they were otherwise to act in bad faith toward us, then we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations.

All the agreements under our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. See “—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.” Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a consolidated variable interest entity should be interpreted or enforced under PRC law. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of such arbitration if legal action becomes necessary. In addition, under PRC law, rulings by arbitrators are final, parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the

 

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process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our VIE, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected.

The shareholders of our VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business.

The shareholders of our VIE may have actual or potential conflicts of interest with us. These shareholders may breach, or cause our VIE to breach, or refuse to renew, the existing contractual arrangements we have with them and our VIE, which would have a material and adverse effect on our ability to effectively control our VIE and receive economic benefits from it. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with our VIE to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise any or all of these shareholders will act in the best interests of our company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor.

Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these shareholders and our company, except that we could exercise our purchase option under the exclusive option agreements with these shareholders to request them to transfer all of their equity interests in the VIE to a PRC entity or individual designated by us, to the extent permitted by PRC law. For individuals who are also our directors and officers, we rely on them to abide by the laws of the Cayman Islands, which provide that directors and officers owe a fiduciary duty to the company that requires them to act in good faith and in what they believe to be the best interests of the company and not to use their position for personal gains. The shareholders of our VIE have executed powers of attorney to appoint our WFOE or a person designated by our WFOE to vote on their behalf and exercise voting rights as shareholders of our VIE. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the shareholders of our VIE, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.

Contractual arrangements we have entered into with our VIE may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities. A finding that we owe additional taxes could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.

Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the contractual arrangements in relation to our VIE were not entered into on an arm’s length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust income of our VIE in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by our VIE for PRC tax purposes, which could in turn increase its tax liabilities without reducing our PRC subsidiaries’ tax expenses. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties on our VIE for the adjusted but unpaid taxes according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if our VIE’s tax liabilities increase or if it is required to pay late payment fees and other penalties.

Our current corporate structure and business operations may be affected by the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law.

On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress promulgated the Foreign Investment Law, which took effect on January 1, 2020. Since it is relatively new, uncertainties exist in relation to its interpretation and implementation. The Foreign Investment Law does not explicitly classify whether

 

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variable interest entities that are controlled through contractual arrangements would be deemed as foreign invested enterprises if they are ultimately “controlled” by foreign investors. However, it has a catch-all provision under definition of “foreign investment” that includes investments made by foreign investors in China through other means as provided by laws, administrative regulations or the State Council. Therefore it still leaves leeway for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions of the State Council to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, until when it remains uncertain whether our contractual arrangements will be deemed to be in violation of the market access requirements for foreign investment in the PRC and if yes, how our contractual arrangements should be dealt with.

The Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign-invested entities, except for those foreign-invested entities that operate in industries specified as either “restricted” or “prohibited” from foreign investment in the Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for Foreign Investment Access jointly promulgated by Ministry of Commerce, or MOFCOM, and the National Development and Reform Commission and took effect in July 2019. The Foreign Investment Law provides that foreign-invested entities operating in “restricted” or “prohibited” industries will require market entry clearance and other approvals from relevant PRC government authorities. On December 26, 2019, the Supreme People’s Court issued the Interpretations on Certain Issues Regarding the Applicable of Foreign Investment Law, or the FIL Interpretations, which came into effect on January 1, 2020. In accordance with the FIL Interpretations, any claim to invalidate an investment agreement will be supported by courts if such agreement is found to be entered into for purposes of making investments in the “prohibited industries” under the negative list or for purposes of investing in “restricted industries” while failing to satisfy the conditions set out in the Negative List. If our control over our VIE through contractual arrangements are deemed as foreign investment in the future, and any business of our VIE is “restricted” or “prohibited” from foreign investment under the “negative list” effective at the time, we may be deemed to be in violation of the Foreign Investment Law, the contractual arrangements that allow us to have control over our VIE may be deemed as invalid and illegal, and we may be required to unwind such contractual arrangements and/or restructure our business operations, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business operation.

Furthermore, if future laws, administrative regulations or provisions mandate further actions to be taken by companies with respect to existing contractual arrangements, we may face substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete such actions in a timely manner, or at all. Failure to take timely and appropriate measures to cope with any of these or similar regulatory compliance challenges could materially and adversely affect our current corporate structure and business operations.

We may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by our VIE that are critical to the operation of our business if our VIE declares bankruptcy or becomes subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.

Although our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries produce a significant majority of our revenues and hold a significant majority of our operational assets, our VIE holds certain assets that may be critical to the operation of our business. Main assets held by our VIE include the majority of the social platforms and content offering platforms we operate such as Weixin public accounts and mini-programs, which are registered and held by our VIE and its subsidiaries, and the ICP License and the permit to produce and distribute radio and television programmes, which are critical to the online operation of our business. If the shareholders of our VIE breach the contractual arrangements and voluntarily liquidate the VIE or its subsidiaries, or if our VIE or its subsidiaries declare bankruptcy and all or part of their assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors or are otherwise disposed of without our consent, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if our VIE or its subsidiaries undergo an involuntary liquidation proceeding, third-party creditors may claim rights

 

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to some or all of their assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially or adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Relating to Doing Business in China

Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.

Substantially all of our assets and operations are located in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by economic, political and social conditions in China generally. The PRC economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of development, growth rate, level of government involvement and control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. In addition, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing relevant industrial policies.

While the PRC economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. In addition, the rate of growth has been slowing since 2012, and the impact of COVID-19 on the Chinese and global economies in 2020 is likely to be severe. In particular, National Bureau of Statistics of China reported a 6.8% drop in gross domestic product (GDP) for the first quarter of 2020 compared with the same period of 2019. Any adverse changes in economic conditions in China, in the policies of the PRC government or in the laws and regulations in China could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China. Such developments could adversely affect our business and operating results, lead to reduction in demand for our solutions and services and adversely affect our competitive position. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy, but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. In addition, in the past the PRC government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate adjustment, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China, which may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.

The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes, where prior court decisions have limited precedential value. The PRC legal system is evolving rapidly, and the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules may contain inconsistencies and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties.

From time to time, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights. However, since PRC judicial and administrative authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to predict the outcome of a judicial or administrative proceeding than in more developed legal systems. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts we have entered into and could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based, in part, on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published in a timely manner, or at all, but which may have retroactive effect. As

 

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a result, we may not always be aware of any potential violation of these policies and rules. Such unpredictability towards our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and procedural rights could adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.

You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us or our management named in the prospectus based on foreign laws.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, however, we conduct substantially all of our operations in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, all our senior executive officers reside within China for a significant portion of the time and all of them are PRC nationals. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process upon us or our management named in the prospectus inside mainland China. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in U.S. courts of the judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors as most of them currently resides outside the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state.

The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other forms of written arrangement with the United States that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, the PRC courts will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC laws or national sovereignty, security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States.

The custodians or authorized users of our controlling non-tangible assets, including chops and seals, may fail to fulfill their responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets.

Under the PRC law, legal documents for corporate transactions, including agreements and contracts are executed using the chop or seal of the signing entity or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with relevant PRC market regulation administrative authorities.

In order to secure the use of our chops and seals, we have established internal control procedures and rules for using these chops and seals. In any event that the chops and seals are intended to be used, the responsible personnel will submit the application through our office automation system and the application will be verified and approved by authorized employees in accordance with our internal control procedures and rules. In addition, in order to maintain the physical security of our chops, we generally have them stored in secured locations accessible only to authorized employees. Although we monitor such authorized employees, the procedures may not be sufficient to prevent all instances of abuse or negligence. There is a risk that our employees could abuse their authority, for example, by entering into a contract not approved by us or seeking to gain control of one of our subsidiaries or our VIE. If any employee obtains, misuses or misappropriates our chops and seals or other controlling non-tangible assets for whatever reason, we could experience disruption to our normal business operations. We may have to take corporate or legal action, which could involve significant time and resources to resolve and divert management from our operations.

 

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If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders.

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “de facto management body” within China is considered a “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax on its global income at the rate of 25%. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control and overall management over the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In 2009, the State Administration of Taxation, or the SAT, issued the Circular of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Relating to Identification of PRC-Controlled Overseas Registered Enterprises as Resident Enterprises in Accordance with the De Facto Standards of Organizational Management, or SAT Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect SAT’s general position on how the “de facto management body” text should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to SAT Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in China; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in China; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions, are located or maintained in China; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in China.

We believe none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” If the PRC tax authorities determine that our company or any of our subsidiaries outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, we could be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 25% on our worldwide income, which could materially reduce our net income, and we may be required to withhold a 10% withholding tax from dividends we pay to our shareholders that are non-resident enterprises, including the holders of our ADSs. In addition, non-resident enterprise shareholders (including our ADS holders) may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 10% on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within China. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends payable to our non-PRC individual shareholders (including our ADS holders) and any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares by such shareholders may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 10% in the case of non-PRC enterprises or a rate of 20% in the case of non-PRC individuals unless a reduced rate is available under an applicable tax treaty. It is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of our company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.

We face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfer of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC holding companies.

We face uncertainties regarding the reporting on and consequences of previous private equity financing transactions involving the transfer and exchange of shares in our company by non-resident

 

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investors. In February 2015, the State Administration of Taxation, or SAT, issued the Bulletin on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or SAT Bulletin 7. Pursuant to SAT Bulletin 7, an ‘‘indirect transfer’’ of PRC assets, including a transfer of equity interests in an unlisted non-PRC holding company of a PRC resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident enterprises may be re-characterized and treated as a direct transfer of the underlying PRC assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. On October 17, 2017, the SAT issued the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source, or SAT Bulletin 37, which came into effect on December 1, 2017. The SAT Bulletin 37 further clarifies the practice and procedure of the withholding of non-resident enterprise income tax.

We face uncertainties on the reporting and consequences of future private equity financing transactions, share exchanges or other transactions involving the transfer of shares in our company by investors that are non-PRC resident enterprises. The PRC tax authorities may pursue such non-resident enterprises with respect to a filing or the transferees with respect to withholding obligation, and request our PRC subsidiaries to assist in the filing. As a result, we and non-resident enterprises in such transactions may become at risk of being subject to filing obligations or being taxed and/or fined under SAT Bulletin 7 and SAT Bulletin 37, and may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with them or to establish that we and our non-resident enterprises should not be taxed under these regulations, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If our preferential tax treatments are revoked or become unavailable or if the calculation of our tax liability is successfully challenged by the PRC tax authorities, we may be required to pay tax, interest and penalties in excess of our tax provisions.

Some of our PRC subsidiaries enjoy local government subsidies. Any increase in the enterprise income tax rate applicable to our PRC subsidiaries in China, or any discontinuation, retroactive or future reduction or refund of any of the preferential tax treatments and local government subsidies currently enjoyed by our PRC subsidiaries in China, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In the ordinary course of our business, we are subject to complex income tax and other tax regulations, and significant judgment is required in the determination of a provision for income taxes. Although we believe our tax provisions are reasonable, if the PRC tax authorities successfully challenge our position and we are required to pay tax, interest and penalties in excess of our tax provisions, our financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

The M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations may make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions.

The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, and some other regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions established complex procedures and requirements for some acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign investors, including requirements in some instances that the MOFCOM be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress which became effective in 2008 requires that transactions which are deemed concentrations and involve parties with specified

 

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turnover thresholds must be cleared by MOFCOM before they can be completed. In addition, the security review rules issued by the MOFCOM that became effective in September 2011 specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the MOFCOM, and the rules prohibit any activities attempting to bypass a security review, including by structuring a transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement.

In the future, we may pursue potential strategic acquisitions that are complementary to our business and operations. Complying with the requirements of the above-mentioned regulations and other relevant rules to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval or clearance from MOFCOM, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.

The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to obtain such approval.

The M&A Rules requires an overseas special purpose vehicles that are controlled by PRC companies or individuals formed for the purpose of seeking a public listing on an overseas stock exchange through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies using shares of such special purpose vehicles or held by its shareholders as considerations to obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. However, the application of the M&A Rules remains unclear. If CSRC approval is required, it is uncertain whether it would be possible for us to obtain the approval. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining CSRC approval for this offering would subject us to sanctions imposed by the CSRC and other PRC regulatory agencies.

Our PRC legal counsel has advised us based on their understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules that the CSRC’s approval may not be required for the listing and trading of our ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange in the context of this offering, given that: (i) the CSRC currently has not issued any definitive rule or interpretation concerning whether offerings like ours in this prospectus are subject to this regulation, (ii) it’s uncertain whether our WFOE was could obtain such approval, and (iii) no explicit provision in the M&A Rules clearly classifies contractual arrangements as a type of transaction subject to such Rules.

However, our PRC legal counsel has further advised us that there remains some uncertainty as to how the M&A Rules will be interpreted or implemented in the context of an overseas offering and its opinions summarized above are subject to any new laws, regulations and rules or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to the M&A Rules. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as our PRC legal counsel does. If it is determined that CSRC approval is required for this offering, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to obtain or delay in obtaining CSRC approval for this offering. These sanctions may include fines and penalties on our operations in China, limitations on our operating privileges in China, delays in or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into the PRC, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our subsidiaries in China, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our ADSs. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt this offering before the settlement and delivery of the ADSs that we are offering. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in

 

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anticipation of and prior to the settlement and delivery of the ADSs we are offering, you would be doing so at the risk that the settlement and delivery may not occur. In addition, if the CSRC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for this offering, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of such approval requirements.

Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee stock incentive plans may subject our 2018 Incentive Plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.

In February 2012, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, promulgated the Notices on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, replacing earlier rules promulgated in 2007. Pursuant to these rules, PRC citizens and non-PRC citizens who reside in China for a continuous period of not less than one year and participate in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company are required to register with the State Foreign Exchange Administration of the PRC, or the SAFE, through a domestic qualified agent, which could be the PRC subsidiaries of such overseas-listed company, and complete certain other procedures, unless certain exceptions are available. In addition, an overseas-entrusted institution must be retained to handle matters in connection with the exercise or sale of stock options and the purchase or sale of shares and interests. We and our executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or non-PRC citizens living in China for a continuous period of not less than one year and have been granted options will be subject to these regulations when our company becomes an overseas-listed company upon the completion of this offering. Failure to complete SAFE registrations may subject them to fines of up to RMB300,000 for entities and up to RMB50,000 for individuals and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries and our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional incentive plans for our directors, executive officers and employees under PRC law. See “Regulation—Regulations Relating to Stock Incentive Plans.”

In addition, the SAT, has issued certain circulars concerning employee share options and restricted shares. Under these circulars, our employees working in China who exercise share options or are granted restricted shares will be subject to PRC individual income tax. Our PRC subsidiaries have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authorities and to withhold individual income taxes for those employees who exercise their share options. If our employees fail to pay or we fail to withhold their income taxes according to relevant laws and regulations, we may face sanctions imposed by the tax authorities or other PRC government authorities. See “Regulation—Regulations Relating to Stock Incentive Plans.”

PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to change their registered capital or distribute profits to us or otherwise expose us or our PRC resident beneficial owners to liability and penalties under PRC laws.

In July 2014, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment Through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents (including PRC individuals and PRC corporate entities as well as foreign individuals that are deemed as PRC residents for foreign exchange administration purposes) to register with SAFE or its local branches in connection with their direct or indirect offshore investment activities. SAFE Circular 37 further requires amendment to the SAFE registrations in the event of any changes with respect to the basic information of the offshore special purpose vehicle, such as change of a PRC individual shareholder, name and operation term, or any significant changes with respect to the offshore special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capital contribution, share transfer or exchange, or mergers or divisions. SAFE

 

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Circular 37 is applicable to our shareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents and may be applicable to any offshore acquisitions that we make in the future. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for the Foreign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by the SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration for overseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.

If our shareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents or entities do not complete their registration with the local SAFE branches or qualified local banks, our PRC subsidiaries may be prohibited from distributing to us its profits and proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, and we may be restricted in our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries. Moreover, failure to comply with the SAFE registration described above could result in liability under PRC laws for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions.

All of our executive officers who we are aware of being subject to the SAFE regulations have completed the initial registrations as required by SAFE Circular 37. However, we may not be informed of the identities of all the PRC residents or entities holding direct or indirect interest in our company, nor can we compel our shareholders or beneficial owners to comply with SAFE registration requirements. We cannot assure you that all shareholders or beneficial owners of ours who are PRC residents or entities have complied with, and will in the future make, obtain or update any applicable registrations or approvals required by, SAFE regulations.

The failure or inability of such shareholders or beneficial owners to comply with SAFE regulations, or failure by us to amend the foreign exchange registrations of our PRC subsidiaries, could subject us or the non-complaint shareholders or beneficial owners to fines or legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make distributions or pay dividends to us or affect our ownership structure. As a result, our business operations and our ability to distribute profits to you could be materially and adversely affected.

We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.

We are a Cayman Islands holding company and we rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity from our PRC subsidiaries for our cash requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders for services or any debt we may incur. If our PRC subsidiaries incur debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. Under PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries, which is a foreign-owned enterprise, may pay dividends only out of its respective accumulated profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, a foreign-owned enterprise is required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a certain statutory reserve fund, until the aggregate amount of such fund reaches 50% of its registered capital. Such reserve funds cannot be distributed to us as dividends. At its discretion, a foreign-owned enterprise may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to an enterprise expansion fund, or a staff welfare and bonus fund.

Our PRC subsidiaries generate essentially all of their revenue in Renminbi, which is not freely convertible into other currencies. As a result, any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to use their Renminbi revenues to pay dividends to us.

 

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The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls, and more restrictions and substantial vetting process may be put forward by SAFE for cross-border transactions falling under both the current account and the capital account. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other kinds of payments to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax rate of up to 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC-resident enterprises are incorporated.

PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries and our VIE in China, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

We are an offshore holding company conducting our operations in China through our PRC subsidiaries and VIE and its subsidiaries. We may make loans to our PRC subsidiaries and VIE and its subsidiaries subject to the approval from or registration with governmental authorities and limitation on amount, or we may make additional capital contributions to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China. Any loans to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China, which are treated as foreign-invested enterprises, or FIEs, under PRC law, are subject to applicable foreign exchange loan registrations. If we provide funding to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries through shareholder loans, (a) in the event that the foreign debt management mechanism as provided in the Measures for Foreign Debts Registration and Administration and other relevant rules applies, the balance of such loans cannot exceed the difference between the total investment and the registered capital of the subsidiaries and we will need to register such loans with the SAFE or its local branches, or (b) in the event that the mechanism as provided in the Notice of the People’s Bank of China on Matters concerning the Macro-Prudential Management of Full-Covered Cross-Border Financing, or PBOC Notice No. 9, applies, the balance of such loans will be subject to the risk-weighted approach and the net asset limits and we will need to file the loans with the SAFE in its information system pursuant to applicable requirements and guidelines issued by the SAFE or its local branches. Pursuant to PBOC Notice No.9, upon expiry of the one-year transition period commencing on January 11, 2017, the PBOC and the SAFE would determine the cross-border financing administration mechanism for the FIEs after evaluating the overall results of implementing PBOC Notice No.9. As of the date of this prospectus, neither the PBOC nor the SAFE has promulgated and made public any further rules, regulations, notices, or circulars in this regard. Currently, our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries, Guangzhou Yatsen and Aoyan, are subject to the foreign debt management mechanism as provided in the Measures for Foreign Debts Registration and Administration, which means loans extended by our offshore entities to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China to finance their activities may not exceed the difference between the amount of total investment as approved by the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterpart and the amount of registered capital of such foreign-invested company. The current amounts of approved total investment and registered capital of Guangzhou Yatsen are approximately US$941.52 million and US$313.84 million, respectively, which means loans extended by our offshore entities to Guangzhou Yatsen may not exceed US$627.68 million in aggregate. The current amounts of approved total investment and registered capital of Aoyan are US$10 million and US$10 million, respectively, which means our offshore entities may not extend loans to Aoyan. However, it is uncertain what mechanism will be adopted by the PBOC and the SAFE in the future and what statutory limits will be imposed on loans provided by an offshore entity like our Company to its PRC subsidiaries.

 

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In addition, an FIE shall use its capital pursuant to the principle of authenticity and self-use within its business scope. The capital of an FIE shall not be used for the following purposes: (i) directly or indirectly used for payment beyond the business scope of such FIE or the payment prohibited by relevant laws and regulations; (ii) directly or indirectly used for investment in securities or investments in financial management other than banks’ principal-secured products unless otherwise provided by relevant laws and regulations; (iii) the granting of loans to non-affiliated enterprises, except where it is expressly permitted in the business license; and (iv) paying the expenses related to the purchase of real estate that is not for self-use (except for the foreign-invested real estate enterprises).

SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, effective June 2015, in replacement of a former regulation. According to SAFE Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of inter-enterprise loans or the repayment of banks loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although SAFE Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within China, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFE will permit such capital to be used for equity investments in China in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or SAFE Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in SAFE Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to issue loans to non-associated enterprises. Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer any foreign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from this offering, to our PRC subsidiaries, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business in China. On October 23, 2019, the SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Promoting the Convenience of Cross-border Trade and Investment, or the SAFE Circular 28, which, among other things, allows all foreign-invested companies to use Renminbi converted from foreign currency-denominated capital for equity investments in China, as long as the equity investment is genuine, does not violate applicable laws, and complies with the negative list on foreign investment. However, since the SAFE Circular 28 is newly promulgated, it is unclear how SAFE and competent banks will carry this out in practice.

In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, or at all, with respect to future loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries or VIE or its subsidiaries or with respect to future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries, neither can we guarantee that we will be able to provide loans in such amount as needed by our PRC subsidiaries or VIE in a timely manner. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals or fund the amount needed by our PRC subsidiaries or VIE in a timely manner, our ability to use the proceeds from our initial public offering and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

 

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Governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment.

The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive substantially all of our revenues in Renminbi. Under our current corporate structure, our Cayman Islands holding company may rely on dividend payments from our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. Specifically, under the existing exchange restrictions, without prior approval of SAFE, cash generated from the operations of our PRC subsidiaries in China may be used to pay dividends to our company. However, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, we need to obtain SAFE approval to use cash generated from the operations of our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entity to pay off their respective debt in a currency other than Renminbi owed to entities outside China, or to make other capital expenditure payments outside China in a currency other than Renminbi.

In light of the flood of capital outflows of China in 2016 due to the weakening Renminbi, the PRC government has imposed more restrictive foreign exchange policies and stepped up scrutiny of major outbound capital movement including overseas direct investment. More restrictions and substantial vetting process are put in place by SAFE to regulate cross-border transactions falling under the capital account. If any of our shareholders regulated by such policies fails to satisfy the applicable overseas direct investment filing or approval requirement timely or at all, it may be subject to penalties from the relevant PRC authorities. The PRC government may at its discretion further restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy our foreign currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of the ADSs.

The audit report included in this prospectus is prepared by an auditor who is not inspected by the PCAOB and, as such, our investors are deprived of the benefits of such inspection. In addition, the adoption of any rules, legislations or other efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause uncertainty, and we could be delisted if we are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement in time.

Our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this prospectus, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. Since our auditors are located in China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB has been unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the Chinese authorities, our auditors are not currently inspected by the PCAOB.

In May 2013, the PCAOB announced that it had entered into a Memorandum of Understanding on Enforcement Cooperation with the CSRC, and the PRC Ministry of Finance, which establishes a cooperative framework between the parties for the production and exchange of audit documents relevant to investigations undertaken by the PCAOB, the CSRC or the PRC Ministry of Finance in the United States and the PRC, respectively. The PCAOB continues to be in discussions with the CSRC, and the PRC Ministry of Finance to permit joint inspections in the PRC of audit firms that are registered with PCAOB and audit Chinese companies that trade on U.S. exchanges.

 

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On December 7, 2018, the SEC and the PCAOB issued a joint statement highlighting continued challenges faced by the U.S. regulators in their oversight of financial statement audits of U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China. The joint statement reflects a heightened interest in an issue that has vexed U.S. regulators in recent years.

On April 21, 2020, the SEC and the PCAOB issued another joint statement reiterating the greater risk that disclosures will be insufficient in many emerging markets, including China, compared to those made by U.S. domestic companies. In discussing the specific issues related to the greater risk, the statement again highlights the PCAOB’s inability to inspect audit work paper and practices of accounting firms in China, with respect to their audit work of U.S. reporting companies. However, it remains unclear what further actions the SEC and PCAOB will take to address the problem.

On June 4, 2020, the U.S. President issued a memorandum ordering the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets, or the PWG, to submit a report to the President within 60 days of the memorandum that includes recommendations for actions that can be taken by the executive branch and by the SEC or PCAOB on Chinese companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges and their audit firms, in an effort to protect investors in the U.S.

On August 6, 2020, the PWG released a report recommending that the SEC take steps to implement the five recommendations outlined in the report. In particular, to address companies from jurisdictions that do not provide the PCAOB with sufficient access to fulfill its statutory mandate, or NCJs, the PWG recommends enhanced listing standards on U.S. stock exchanges. This would require, as a condition to initial and continued exchange listing, PCAOB access to work papers of the principal audit firm for the audit of the listed company. Companies unable to satisfy this standard as a result of governmental restrictions on access to audit work papers and practices in NCJs may satisfy this standard by providing a co-audit from an audit firm with comparable resources and experience where the PCAOB determines it has sufficient access to audit work papers and practices to conduct an appropriate inspection of the co-audit firm. There is currently no legal process under which such a co-audit may be performed in China. The report permits the new listing standards to provide for a transition period until January 1, 2022 for listed companies, but would apply immediately to new listings once the necessary rulemakings and/or standard-setting are effective. The measures in the PWG Report are presumably subject to the standard SEC rulemaking process before becoming effective. On August 10, 2020, the SEC announced that SEC Chairman had directed the SEC staff to prepare proposals in response to the PWG Report, and that the SEC was soliciting public comments and information with respect to these proposals. After we are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, if we fail to meet the new listing standards before the deadline specified thereunder due to factors beyond our control, we could face possible de-listing from the New York Stock Exchange, deregistration from the SEC and/or other risks, which may materially and adversely affect, or effectively terminate, our ADS trading in the United States.

This lack of the PCAOB inspections in China prevents the PCAOB from fully evaluating audits and quality control procedures of our independent registered public accounting firm. As a result, we and investors in our ordinary shares are deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our independent registered public accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause investors and potential investors in our stock to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.

As part of a continued regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit and other information currently protected by national law, in particular China’s, in June 2019, a bipartisan group

 

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of lawmakers introduced bills in both houses of the U.S. Congress, which if passed, would require the SEC to maintain a list of issuers for which PCAOB is not able to inspect or investigate an auditor report issued by a foreign public accounting firm. The proposed Ensuring Quality Information and Transparency for Abroad-Based Listings on our Exchanges (EQUITABLE) Act prescribes increased disclosure requirements for these issuers and, beginning in 2025, the delisting from U.S. national securities exchanges of issuers included on the SEC’s list for three consecutive years. On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed S. 945, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the “Kennedy Bill.” On July 21, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives approved its version of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, which contains provisions comparable to the Kennedy Bill. If either of these bills is enacted into law, it would amend the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to direct the SEC to prohibit securities of any registrant from being listed on any of the U.S. securities exchanges or traded “over-the-counter” if the auditor of the registrant’s financial statements is not subject to PCAOB inspection for three consecutive years after the law becomes effective. Enactment of this legislation or other efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause investor uncertainty for affected issuers, including us, and the market price of the ADSs could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we are unable to cure the situation to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement in time. It is unclear if this proposed legislation would be enacted. Furthermore, there has been recent media reports on deliberations within the U.S. government regarding potentially limiting or restricting China-based companies from accessing U.S. capital markets. If any such deliberations were to materialize, the resulting legislation may have material and adverse impact on the stock performance of China-based issuers listed in the United States.

It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigation or collect evidence within China.

Shareholder claims or regulatory investigation that are common in jurisdictions outside China are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to providing information needed for regulatory investigations or litigation initiated outside China. Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in Hong Kong or other jurisdictions may not be efficient in the absence of mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. Furthermore, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law, or Article 177, which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of the PRC, and without the consent by the Chinese securities regulatory authorities and the other competent governmental agencies, no entity or individual may provide documents or materials related to securities business to any foreign party. While detailed interpretation of or implementation rules under Article 177 have yet to be promulgated, the inability for an overseas securities regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within China and the potential obstacles for information provision may further increase difficulties faced by you in protecting your interests. See also “—Risks Relating to Our ADSs and This Offering—You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law” for risks associated with investing in us as a Cayman Islands company.

Proceedings instituted by the SEC against PRC-based “big four” accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, could result in financial statements being determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act.

Starting in 2011 the PRC-based “big four” accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, were affected by a conflict between U.S. and Chinese law. Specifically, for

 

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certain U.S.-listed companies operating and audited in mainland China, the SEC and the PCAOB sought to obtain from the Chinese firms access to their audit work papers and related documents. The firms were, however, advised and directed that under Chinese law, they could not respond directly to the U.S. regulators on those requests, and that requests by foreign regulators for access to such papers in China had to be channeled through the CSRC.

In late 2012, this impasse led the SEC to commence administrative proceedings under Rule 102(e) of its Rules of Practice and also under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 against the Chinese accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm. A first instance trial of the proceedings in July 2013 in the SEC’s internal administrative court resulted in an adverse judgment against the firms. The administrative law judge proposed penalties on the firms including a temporary suspension of their right to practice before the SEC, although that proposed penalty did not take effect pending review by the Commissioners of the SEC. On February 6, 2015, before a review by the Commissioner had taken place, the firms reached a settlement with the SEC. Under the settlement, the SEC accepts that future requests by the SEC for the production of documents will normally be made to the CSRC. The firms will receive matching Section 106 requests, and are required to abide by a detailed set of procedures with respect to such requests, which in substance require them to facilitate production via the CSRC. If they fail to meet specified criteria, the SEC retains authority to impose a variety of additional remedial measures on the firms depending on the nature of the failure. Remedies for any future noncompliance could include, as appropriate, an automatic six-month bar on a single firm’s performance of certain audit work, commencement of a new proceeding against a firm, or, in extreme cases, the resumption of the current proceeding against all four firms. If additional remedial measures are imposed on the PRC-based “big four” accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, in administrative proceedings brought by the SEC alleging the firms’ failure to meet specific criteria set by the SEC with respect to requests for the production of documents, we could be unable to timely file future financial statements in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act.

In the event that the SEC restarts the administrative proceedings, depending upon the final outcome, listed companies in the United States with major PRC operations may find it difficult or impossible to retain auditors in respect of their operations in the PRC, which could result in financial statements being determined not to be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, including possible delisting. Moreover, any negative news about any such future proceedings against these audit firms may cause investor uncertainty regarding China-based, U.S.-listed companies and the market price of our ADSs may be adversely affected.

If our independent registered public accounting firm was denied, even temporarily, the ability to practice before the SEC and we were unable to timely find another registered public accounting firm to audit and issue an opinion on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determined to be not in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the delisting of the ADSs or deregistration from the SEC, or both, which would substantially reduce or effectively terminate the trading of the ADSs in the United States.

Recent litigation and negative publicity surrounding China-based companies listed in the U.S. may result in increased regulatory scrutiny of us and negatively impact the trading price of our ADSs.

We believe that litigation and negative publicity surrounding companies with operations in China that are listed in the U.S. have negatively impacted stock prices for such companies. Various equity-based research organizations have published reports on China-based companies after examining, among other things, their corporate governance practices, related party transactions, sales practices

 

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and financial statements that have led to special investigations and stock suspensions on national exchanges. Any similar scrutiny of us, regardless of its lack of merit, could result in a diversion of management resources and energy, potential costs to defend ourselves against rumors, decreases and volatility in the ADS trading price, and increased directors and officers insurance premiums, and could have a material adverse effect upon our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Relating to Our ADSs and This Offering

There has been no public market for our shares or ADSs prior to this offering, and you may not be able to resell our ADSs at or above the price you paid, or at all.

Prior to this initial public offering, there has been no public market for our shares or ADSs. We intend to apply for the listing of our ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange. Our shares will not be listed on any exchange or quoted for trading on any over-the-counter trading system. If an active trading market for our ADSs does not develop after this offering, the market price and liquidity of our ADSs will be materially and adversely affected.

Negotiations with the underwriters will determine the initial public offering price for our ADSs which may bear no relationship to their market price after the initial public offering. We cannot assure you that an active trading market for our ADSs will develop or that the market price of our ADSs will not decline below the initial public offering price.

The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors.

The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, including the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in the United States. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for the ADSs may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations, including the following:

 

   

actual or anticipated variations in our revenues, earnings, cash flow and changes or revisions of our expected results;

 

   

fluctuations in operating metrics;

 

   

announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships or joint ventures by us or our competitors;

 

   

announcements of new products and services and expansions by us or our competitors;

 

   

changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;

 

   

announcements of studies and reports relating to the quality of our product and service offerings or those of our competitors;

 

   

changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other beauty companies;

 

   

conditions in the beauty market;

 

   

detrimental negative publicity about us, our competitors or our industry;

 

   

additions or departures of key personnel;

 

   

release of lockup or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities;

 

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regulatory developments affecting us or our industry;

 

   

general economic or political conditions in China or elsewhere in the world;

 

   

fluctuations of exchange rates between the RMB and the U.S. dollar; and

 

   

potential litigation or regulatory investigations.

Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which the ADSs will trade. Furthermore, the stock market in general experiences price and volume fluctuations that are often unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies like us. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our ADSs. Volatility or a lack of positive performance in our ADS price may also adversely affect our ability to retain key employees, most of whom have been granted equity incentives.

In the past, shareholders of public companies have often brought securities class action suits against companies following periods of instability in the market price of their securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit, which could harm our results of operations. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If securities or industry analysts cease to publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding the ADSs, the market price for the ADSs and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for the ADSs will be influenced by research or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business. If one or more analysts who cover us downgrade the ADSs, the market price for the ADSs would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for the ADSs to decline.

Our dual-class voting structure will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial.

We have a dual-class structure such that ordinary shares consist of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. Holders of Class A ordinary shares are and will continue to be entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B ordinary shares are currently entitled to ten votes per share and will be entitled to twenty votes per share immediately prior to the completion of this offering. We will issue Class A ordinary shares represented by our ADSs in this offering. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances.

Upon the completion of this offering, Mr. Jinfeng Huang, our founder, chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer, Mr. Yuwen Chen, our co-founder, director and chief operating officer, and Mr. Jianhua Lyu, our co-founder, director and chief sales officer, will continue to beneficially own all of our Class B ordinary shares. These Class B ordinary shares will constitute approximately

 

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        % of our total issued and outstanding share capital immediately after the completion of this offering and        % of the aggregate voting power of our total issued and outstanding share capital immediately after the completion of this offering due to the disparate voting powers associated with our dual-class share structure, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option. As a result of the dual-class share structure and the concentration of ownership, holders of Class B ordinary shares will have considerable influence over matters such as decisions regarding mergers and consolidations, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. Such holders may take actions that are not in the best interest of us or our other shareholders. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could have the effect of depriving our other shareholders of the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and may reduce the price of our ADSs. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial.

Our dual-class voting structure may render the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares ineligible for inclusion in certain stock market indices, and thus adversely affect the trading price and liquidity of the ADSs.

We cannot predict whether our dual-class share structure with different voting rights will result in a lower or more volatile market price of the ADSs, adverse publicity, or other adverse consequences. Certain index providers have announced restrictions on including companies with multi-class share structures in certain of their indices. For example, S&P Dow Jones and FTSE Russell have changed their eligibility criteria for inclusion of shares of public companies on certain indices, including the S&P 500, to exclude companies with multiple classes of shares and companies whose public shareholders hold no more than 5% of total voting power from being added to such indices. As a result, our dual-class voting structure may prevent the inclusion of the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares in such indices, which could adversely affect the trading price and liquidity of the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares. In addition, several shareholder advisory firms have announced their opposition to the use of multiple class structure and our dual-class structure may cause shareholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about our corporate governance, in which case the market price and liquidity of the ADSs could be adversely affected.

We are, and will continue to be, a “controlled company” within the meaning of the NYSE Listed Company Manual and, as a result, may rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to shareholders of other companies.

We are, and following the completion of this offering, will continue to be, a “controlled company” as defined under the NYSE Listed Company Manual because Mr. Jinfeng Huang, our founder, chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer, will continue to own more than 50% of our total voting power. For so long as we remain a “controlled company” under that definition, we are permitted to elect to rely, and may rely, on exemptions from certain corporate governance rules, including an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors or that we have to establish a nominating committee and a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors. In the event that we elect to rely on one or more of these exemptions, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.

 

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We currently do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future after this offering and you must rely on price appreciation of our ADSs for return on your investment.

We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings after this offering to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in our ADSs as a source for any future dividend income.

Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in our ADSs will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of our ADSs. There is no guarantee that our ADSs will appreciate in value after this offering or even maintain the price at which you purchased the ADSs. You may not realize a return on your investment in our ADSs and you may even lose your entire investment in our ADSs.

Because our initial public offering price is substantially higher than our net tangible book value per share, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

If you purchase ADSs in this offering, you will pay more for your ADSs than the amount paid by our existing shareholders for their ordinary shares on a per ADS basis. As a result, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution, representing the difference between the initial public offering price of per ADS, and our adjusted net tangible book value per ADS as of September 30, 2020, after giving effect to our sale of the ADSs offered in this offering. In addition, you may experience further dilution to the extent that our Class A ordinary shares are issued upon the exercise of share options. See “Dilution” for a more complete description of how the value of your investment in the ADSs will be diluted upon completion of this offering.

We have not determined a specific use for a portion of the net proceeds from this offering and we may use these proceeds in ways with which you may not agree.

We have not determined a specific use for a portion of the net proceeds of this offering, and our management will have considerable discretion in deciding how to apply these proceeds. You will not have the opportunity to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately before you make your investment decision. You must rely on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds of this offering. We cannot assure you that the net proceeds will be used in a manner that would improve our results of operations or increase the ADS price, nor that these net proceeds will be placed only in investments that generate income or appreciate in value.

Substantial future sales or perceived potential sales of our ADSs in the public market could cause the price of our ADSs to decline.

Sales of our ADSs in the public market after this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our ADSs to decline. All ADSs sold in this offering will be freely transferable without restriction or additional registration under the Securities Act. The remaining

 

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ordinary shares issued and outstanding after this offering will be available for sale, upon the expiration of the 180-day lock-up period beginning from the date of this prospectus, and for our executive officers and employees who are beneficial owners of our ordinary shares (except for Class A ordinary shares held through Yellow Bee Limited) or have options to purchase our ordinary shares, upon the expiration of the three-year period from the consummation of this offering, in each case subject to volume and other restrictions as applicable provided in Rules 144 and 701 under the Securities Act. The 180-day lock-up period could be waived by the representatives of the underwriters of this offering at their discretion. To the extent shares are released before the expiration of the lock-up period and sold into the market, the market price of our ADSs could decline.

After completion of this offering, certain holders of our Class A ordinary shares may cause us to register under the Securities Act the sale of their shares, subject to the 180-day lock-up period or the three-year lock-up period, as applicable, in connection with this offering. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in ADSs representing these shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of such registration. Sales of these registered shares in the form of ADSs in the public market could cause the price of our ADSs to decline.

Our post-offering memorandum and articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of our Class A ordinary shares and the ADSs.

We will adopt the ninth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association that will become effective immediately prior to the completion of this offering. Our post-offering memorandum and articles of association contain provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our Class A ordinary shares, including those represented by ADSs. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue preferred shares, the price of the ADSs may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our Class A ordinary shares and the ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.

Forum selection provisions in our post-offering memorandum and articles of association and our deposit agreement with the depositary bank could limit the ability of holders of our Class A ordinary shares, ADSs or other securities to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us, our directors and officers, the depositary bank, and potentially others.

Our post-offering memorandum and articles of association provide that the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (or, if the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York lacks subject matter jurisdiction over a particular dispute, the state courts in New York County, New York) is the exclusive forum within the United States for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising out of or relating in any way to the federal securities laws of the United States, regardless of whether such legal suit, action, or proceeding also involves parties other than our company. Our deposit agreement provides that the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (or, if the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York lacks subject matter jurisdiction over a particular dispute, the state courts in New York County, New York) shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any suit, action or proceeding against or involving us

 

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or the depositary, arising out of or relating in any way to the deposit agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby or by virtue of owning the ADSs or ADRs. However, the enforceability of similar federal court choice of forum provisions in other companies’ organizational documents has been challenged in legal proceedings in the United States, and it is possible that a court could find this type of provision to be inapplicable, unenforceable, or inconsistent with other documents that are relevant to the filing of such lawsuits. If a court were to find the federal choice of forum provision contained in our post-offering memorandum and articles of association to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions. If upheld, the forum selection clause in our post-offering memorandum and articles of association, as well as the forum selection provision in the deposit agreement, may limit a security-holder’s ability to bring a claim against us, our directors and officers, the depositary bank, and potentially others in his or her preferred judicial forum, and this limitation may discourage such lawsuits. In addition, the Securities Act provides that both federal and state courts have jurisdiction over suits brought to enforce any duty or liability under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accepting or consent to this forum selection provision does not represent you are waiving compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. The exclusive forum provision in our post-offering memorandum and articles of association will not operate so as to deprive the courts of the Cayman Islands from having jurisdiction over matters relating to our internal affairs.

The voting rights of holders of ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement, and you may not be able to exercise your right to direct the voting of the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs.

Holders of ADSs do not have the same rights as our registered shareholders. As a holder of ADSs, you will not have any direct right to attend general meetings of our shareholders or to cast any votes at such meetings. You will only be able to exercise the voting rights attached to the Class A ordinary shares underlying your ADSs indirectly by giving voting instructions to the depositary in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Where any matter is to be put to a vote at a general meeting, then upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will try, as far as is practicable, to vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs in accordance with your instructions. You will not be able to directly exercise your right to vote with respect to the underlying Class A ordinary shares unless you cancel and withdraw the shares and become the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general meeting.

When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient advance notice of the meeting to withdraw the Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs and become the registered holder of such shares to allow you to attend the general meeting and to vote directly with respect to any specific matter or resolution to be considered and voted upon at the general meeting. In addition, under our post-offering memorandum and articles of association that will become effective immediately prior to completion of this offering, for the purposes of determining those shareholders who are entitled to attend and vote at any general meeting, our directors may close our register of members and/or fix in advance a record date for such meeting, and such closure of our register of members or the setting of such a record date may prevent you from withdrawing the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs and from becoming the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date, so that you would not be able to attend the general meeting or to vote directly. Where any matter is to be put to a vote at a general meeting, upon our instruction the depositary will notify you of the upcoming vote and will arrange to deliver our voting materials to you. We cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs.

In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for their manner of carrying out your voting instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to direct how the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs are voted and you may have no legal remedy if the underlying Class A ordinary shares

 

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represented by your ADSs are not voted as you requested. In addition, in your capacity as an ADS holder, you will not be able to call a shareholders’ meeting.

Further, under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, if you do not vote, the depositary will give us a discretionary proxy to vote the Class A ordinary shares underlying your ADSs at shareholders’ meetings unless:

 

   

we have instructed the depositary that we do not wish a discretionary proxy to be given;

 

   

we have informed the depositary that there is substantial opposition as to a matter to be voted on at the meeting;

 

   

a matter to be voted on at the meeting would have a material adverse impact on shareholders; or

 

   

the voting at the meeting is to be made on a show of hands.

The effect of this discretionary proxy is that you cannot prevent our Class A ordinary shares underlying your ADSs from being voted, except under the circumstances described above. This may adversely affect your interests and make it more difficult for shareholders to influence the management of our company. Holders of our Class A ordinary shares are not subject to this discretionary proxy.

You may not receive dividends or other distributions on our Class A ordinary shares and you may not receive any value for them, if it is illegal or impractical to make them available to you.

The depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on Class A ordinary shares or other deposited securities underlying our ADSs, after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of Class A ordinary shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary is not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, it would be unlawful to make a distribution to a holder of ADSs if it consists of securities that require registration under the Securities Act but that are not properly registered or distributed under an applicable exemption from registration. The depositary may also determine that it is not feasible to distribute certain property through the mail. Additionally, the value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of mailing them. In these cases, the depositary may determine not to distribute such property. We have no obligation to register under U.S. securities laws any ADSs, Class A ordinary shares, rights or other securities received through such distributions. We also have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of ADSs, Class A ordinary shares, rights or anything else to holders of ADSs. This means that you may not receive distributions we make on our Class A ordinary shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us or the depositary to make them available to you. These restrictions may cause a material decline in the value of our ADSs.

You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.

Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. The depositary may close its books from time to time for a number of reasons, including in connection with corporate events such as a rights offering, during which time the depositary needs to maintain an exact number of ADS holders on its books for a specified period. The depositary may also close its books in emergencies, and on weekends and public holidays. The depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of the ADSs generally when our share register or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary thinks it is advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.

You may experience dilution of your holdings due to inability to participate in rights offerings.

We may, from time to time, distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire securities. Under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not distribute rights to holders of ADSs

 

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unless the distribution and sale of rights and the securities to which these rights relate are either exempt from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all holders of ADSs, or are registered under the provisions of the Securities Act. The depositary may, but is not required to, attempt to sell these undistributed rights to third parties, and may allow the rights to lapse. We may be unable to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, and we are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to these rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to have a registration statement declared effective. Accordingly, holders of ADSs may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution of their holdings as a result.

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our ninth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Law (2020 Revision) of the Cayman Islands and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have the standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States.

Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other than the memorandum and articles of association and any special resolutions passed by such companies, and the registers of mortgages and charges of such companies) or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Under Cayman Islands law, the names of our current directors can be obtained from a search conducted at the Registrar of Companies. Our directors have discretion under our ninth amended and restated articles of association that will become effective immediately prior to completion of this offering to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of our board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States. For a discussion of significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders, see “Description of Share Capital—Our Post-Offering Memorandum and Articles of Association—Differences in Corporate Law.”

Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.

We are a Cayman Islands company and substantially all of our assets are located outside of the United States. All of our current operations are conducted in China. In addition, most of our current

 

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directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. For more information regarding the relevant laws of the Cayman Islands and China, see “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”

ADSs holders may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under the deposit agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.

The deposit agreement governing the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares provides that, subject to the depositary’s right to require a claim to be submitted to arbitration, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (or, if the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York lacks subject matter jurisdiction over a particular dispute, in the state courts in New York County, New York) shall have exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine claims arising out of or relating in any way to the deposit agreement (including claims arising under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act) and in that regard, to the fullest extent permitted by law, ADS holders waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws.

If we or the depositary opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with the applicable state and federal law. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of New York, which govern the deposit agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waive the right to a jury trial. We believe that this is the case with respect to the deposit agreement and the ADSs. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before investing in the ADSs.

If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of ADSs bring a claim against us or the depositary in connection with matters arising under the deposit agreement or the ADSs, including claims under federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us or the depositary, lead to increased costs to bring a claim, limited access to information and other imbalances of resources between such holder and us, or limit such holder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that such holder finds favorable. If a lawsuit is brought against us or the depositary under the deposit agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have had, including results that could be less favorable to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.

Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver provision is not enforced, to the extent a court action proceeds, it would proceed under the terms of the deposit agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or ADSs shall relieve us or the depositary from our respective obligations to comply with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act nor serve as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs of compliance with any provision of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.

 

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An ADS holder’s right to pursue claims against the depositary is limited by the terms of the deposit agreement.

Under the deposit agreement, any legal suit, action or proceeding against or involving us or the depositary, arising out of or relating in any way to the deposit agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby or by virtue of owning the ADSs may only be instituted in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (or, if the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York lacks subject matter jurisdiction over a particular dispute, in the state courts in New York County, New York), and you, as a holder of our ADSs, will have irrevocably waived any objection which you may have to the laying of venue of any such proceeding, and irrevocably submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such action or proceeding.

The depositary may, in its sole discretion, require that any dispute or difference arising from the relationship created by the deposit agreement be referred to and finally settled by an arbitration conducted under the terms described in the deposit agreement, although the arbitration provisions do not preclude you from pursuing claims under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (or such state courts if the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York lacks subject matter jurisdiction). See “Description of American Depositary Shares” for more information.

We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements.

As a company with less than US$1.07 billion in revenues for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the JOBS Act. Therefore, we may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting. As a result, if we elect not to comply with such reporting and other requirements, in particular the auditor attestation requirements, our investors may not have access to certain information they may deem important.

The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. However, we have elected to “opt out” of such exemptions afforded to an emerging growth company. As a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards as required when they are adopted for public companies. This decision to opt out of the extended transition period under the JOBS Act is irrevocable.

As a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the New York Stock Exchange listing standards.

As a Cayman Islands company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, we will be subject to the New York Stock Exchange listing standards, which requires listed companies to have, among other things, a majority of their board members to be independent and independent director oversight of executive compensation and nomination of directors. However, New York Stock Exchange rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from the New York Stock Exchange listing standards.

We are permitted to elect to rely on home country practice to be exempted from the corporate governance requirements. Currently, we do not plan to rely on home country practice with respect to

 

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our corporate governance after we complete this offering. However, if we choose to follow home country practice in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they would otherwise enjoy if we complied fully with the New York Stock Exchange listing standards.

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.

Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including:

 

   

the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K;

 

   

the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;

 

   

the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and

 

   

the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD.

We will be required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend to publish our results on a quarterly basis as press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.

There can be no assurance that we will not be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, which could subject United States investors in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares to significant adverse United States income tax consequences.

We will be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes for any taxable year if either (a) 75% or more of our gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (b) 50% or more of the value of our assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income, or the “asset test.” Although the law in this regard is unclear, we intend to treat our VIE (including its subsidiaries) as being owned by us for United States federal income tax purposes, not only because we exercise effective control over the operation of such entities but also because we are entitled to substantially all of their economic benefits and, as a result, we consolidate their results of operations in our consolidated financial statements. Assuming that we are the owner of our VIE (including its subsidiaries) for United States federal income tax purposes, and based upon our current and expected income and assets (taking into account the expected proceeds from this offering), including goodwill and other unbooked intangibles and projections as to the market price of our ADSs following the offering, we do not presently expect to be a PFIC for the current taxable year or the foreseeable future.

While we do not expect to be or become a PFIC, because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test may be determined by reference to the market price of our ADSs, fluctuations in the

 

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market price of our ADSs may cause us to become a PFIC for the current or subsequent taxable years. The determination of whether we will be or become a PFIC will also depend, in part, on the composition of our income and assets. In addition, the composition of our income and assets will also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets and the cash raised in this offering. If we determine not to deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes or if it were determined that we do not own the stock of our VIE for United States federal income tax purposes, our risk of being a PFIC may substantially increase. Because PFIC status is a factual determination made annually after the close of each taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year.

If we are a PFIC in any taxable year, a U.S. Holder (as defined in “Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Considerations”) may incur significantly increased United States income tax on gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares and on the receipt of distributions on the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares to the extent such gain or distribution is treated as an “excess distribution” under the United States federal income tax rules, and such U.S. Holder may be subject to burdensome reporting requirements. Further, if we are a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, we generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which such U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares. For more information see “Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Considerations—Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations” and “Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Considerations—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”

We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company, particularly after we cease to qualify as an “emerging growth company.”

Upon completion of this offering, we will become a public company and expect to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and New York Stock Exchange, impose various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some corporate activities more time-consuming and costly.

As a result of becoming a public company, we will need to increase the number of independent directors and adopt policies regarding internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. We also expect that operating as a public company will make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. In addition, we will incur additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. It may also be more difficult for us to find qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

In addition, after we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the other rules and regulations of the SEC.

 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events. The forward looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.” Known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those listed under “Risk Factors,” may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to:

 

   

our goals and strategies;

 

   

our future business development, financial condition and results of operations;

 

   

the trends in, expected growth and the market size of the beauty industry, both in the PRC and globally;

 

   

our expectation regarding the prospects of our business model, and demand for and market acceptance of our products;

 

   

our ability to develop and launch beauty products and introduce new brands that appeal to the preferences of customers;

 

   

our expectations regarding the effectiveness of our marketing initiatives and the relationship with our third-party business partners;

 

   

competition in our industry;

 

   

relevant government policies and regulations relating to our industry;

 

   

general economic and business conditions globally and in China; and

 

   

assumptions underlying or related to any of the foregoing.

These forward-looking statements involve various risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may later be found to be incorrect. Our actual results could be materially different from our expectations. Important risks and factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from our expectations are generally set forth in “Prospectus Summary—Summary of Risk Factors,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business,” “Regulation” and other sections in this prospectus. You should read thoroughly this prospectus and the documents that we refer to with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

This prospectus contains certain data and information that we obtained from various government and private publications. Statistical data in these publications also include projections based on a number of assumptions. Our industry may not grow at the rate projected by market data, or at all. Failure of this market to grow at the projected rate may have a material and adverse effect on our business and the market price of the ADSs. In addition, the rapidly evolving nature of this industry

 

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results in significant uncertainties for any projections or estimates relating to the growth prospects or future condition of our market. Furthermore, if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data are later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this prospectus. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this prospectus and the documents that we refer to in this prospectus and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately US$                 , or approximately US$                if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option to purchase additional ADSs in full, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us. These estimates are based upon an assumed initial public offering price of US$                per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range shown on the front page of this prospectus. A US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of US$                per ADS would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by US$                , assuming the number of ADSs offered by us, as set forth on the front cover of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable by us.

The primary purposes of this offering are to create a public market for our shares for the benefit of all shareholders, retain talented employees by providing them with equity incentives, and obtain additional capital. We plan to use the net proceeds of this offering as follows:

 

   

approximately 30% for business operations and other general corporate purposes;

 

   

approximately 30% for potential strategic investments and acquisitions;

 

   

approximately 20% for the development of data analytics technology, product development and formulation R&D; and

 

   

approximately 20% for offline experience store network expansion.

The foregoing represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business conditions to use and allocate the net proceeds of this offering. Our management, however, will have significant flexibility and discretion to apply the net proceeds of this offering. If an unforeseen event occurs or business conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this offering differently than as described in this prospectus. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our ADSs and This Offering—We have not determined a specific use for a portion of the net proceeds from this offering and we may use these proceeds in ways with which you may not agree.”

Pending any use described above, we plan to invest the net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing, debt instruments or demand deposits.

In using the proceeds of this offering, we are permitted under PRC laws and regulations as an offshore holding company to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary only through loans or capital contributions and to our VIE only through loans, subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration and approval requirements. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain these government registrations or approvals on a timely basis, if at all. In addition to government registration and approval requirements, the amount of loans that we can provide to our PRC subsidiaries or our VIE is subject to certain limitations prescribed by PRC laws and regulations, which may restrict our ability to fund and expand our business in a timely manner. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries and our VIE in China, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.”

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY

Our board of directors has discretion on whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our board of directors. In either case, all dividends are subject to certain restrictions under Cayman Islands law, namely that our company may only pay dividends out of profits or share premium account, and provided always that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if we decide to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the board of directors may deem relevant.

We do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our Class A ordinary shares or Class B ordinary shares in the foreseeable future after this offering. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.

We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We may rely on dividends from our subsidiary in China for our cash requirements, including any payment of dividends to our shareholders. PRC regulations may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiary to pay dividends to us. See “Regulation—Regulations Relating to Dividend Distributions.”

If we pay any dividends on our Class A ordinary shares, we will pay those dividends which are payable in respect of the Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs to the depositary, as the registered holder of such Class A ordinary shares, and the depositary then will pay such amounts to the ADS holders in proportion to the Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs held by such ADS holders, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. See “Description of American Depositary Shares.” Cash dividends on our Class A ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our capitalization as of September 30, 2020:

 

   

on an actual basis;

 

   

on a pro forma basis to reflect (i) the automatic conversion and the re-designation of all of our issued and outstanding preferred shares as of September 30, 2020 into Class A ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis immediately prior to the completion of this offering; (ii) the immediate vesting of our founders’ unvested restricted shares as of September 30, 2020 upon the completion of this offering; and (iii) the immediate vesting of the share options that have satisfied the service condition as of September 30, 2020 upon the completion of this offering; and

 

   

on a pro forma as adjusted basis to reflect (i) the automatic conversion and the re-designation of all of our issued and outstanding preferred shares on a one-for-one basis into Class A ordinary shares immediately prior to the completion of this offering; (ii) the immediate vesting of our founders’ unvested restricted shares as of September 30, 2020 upon the completion of this offering; and (iii) the immediate vesting of the share options that have satisfied the service condition as of September 30, 2020 upon the completion of this offering; (iv) the immediate vesting of the restricted shares granted to our founders in September 2020 upon the completion of this offering; and (v) the issuance and sale of                 Class A ordinary shares in the form of ADSs by us in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of US$                per ADS, the midpoint of the estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on the front cover of this prospectus, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option to purchase additional ADSs.

You should read this table together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

    As of September 30, 2020  
    Actual     Pro Forma     Pro Forma As
Adjusted(1)
 
    (in thousands)  
    RMB         US$             RMB             US$             RMB             US$      

Mezzanine equity:

           

Series Seed convertible redeemable preferred shares, Series A-1 Preferred Shares and Series A-2 Preferred Shares (collectively, the “Junior Preferred Shares”) (US$0.00001 par value; 458,864,970 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020; redemption value of RMB1,597,427 as of September 30, 2020; nil shares (unaudited) outstanding on a pro forma basis as of September 30, 2020)

    1,683,410       247,939                  

Series B-1 and B-2 Preferred Shares (US$0.00001 par value; 185,793,059 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020; redemption value of RMB100,568 as of September 30, 2020; nil shares (unaudited) outstanding on a pro forma basis as of September 30, 2020)

    101,073       14,886                  

 

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    As of September 30, 2020  
    Actual     Pro Forma     Pro Forma As
Adjusted(1)
 
    (in thousands)  
    RMB         US$             RMB             US$             RMB             US$      

Series B-3 Preferred Shares (US$0.00001 par value; 85,351,118 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of September 30 ,2020; redemption value of RMB57,366 as of September 30, 2020; nil shares(unaudited) outstanding on a pro forma basis as of September 30 ,2020)

    58,346       8,593       —         —        

Series B-3+ Preferred Shares (US$0.00001 par value; 87,075,383 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of September 30 ,2020; redemption value of RMB120,138 as of September 30 ,2020; nil shares(unaudited) outstanding on a pro forma basis as of September 30 ,2020)

    119,016       17,529       —         —        

Series C Preferred Shares (US$0.00001 par value; 273,340,565 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020; redemption value of RMB1,139,841 as of September 30 ,2020; nil shares(unaudited) outstanding on a pro forma basis as of September 30 ,2020)

    1,452,887       213,987       —         —        

Series D Preferred Shares (US$0.00001 par value; 66,432,971 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020; redemption value of RMB517,683 as of September 30, 2020; nil shares (unaudited) outstanding on a pro forma basis as of September 30, 2020)

 

 

537,417

 

 

 

79,153

 

 

 

—  

 

    —        

Series E Preferred Shares (US$0.00001 par value; 144,331,134 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020; redemption value of RMB1,545,144 as of September 30, 2020; nil shares (unaudited) outstanding on a pro forma basis as of September 30, 2020)

    1,551,865       228,565                  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total mezzanine equity

    5,504,014       810,652       —         —        
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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    As of September 30, 2020  
    Actual     Pro Forma     Pro Forma As
Adjusted(1)
 
    (in thousands)  
    RMB         US$             RMB             US$             RMB             US$      

Shareholders’ (deficit) equity:

           

Ordinary shares (US$0.00001 par value; 3,698,810,800 shares authorized, 1,125,734,563 shares issued, 748,661,981 shares outstanding as of September 30 ,2020; 2,256,203,776 shares (unaudited) outstanding on a pro forma basis as of September 30 ,2020); and                              Class A ordinary shares and                              Class B ordinary shares outstanding on a pro forma as adjusted basis)

    70       10       159       23      

Treasury shares

    (22     (3     —         —        

Additional paid-in capital(2)

                6,697,861       986,487      

Statutory reserve

    19,322       2,846       19,322       2,846      

Retained earning (Accumulated deficit)

    (2,643,505     (389,347     (3,837,463     (565,198    

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

    (13,331     (1,963     (13,331     (1,963    

Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)(2)

    (2,637,466     (388,457     2,866,548       422,195      

Total mezzanine equity and shareholders’ equity(deficit)

    2,866,548       422,195       2,866,548       422,195      

Total capitalization

    2,866,548       422,195       2,866,548       422,195      

Notes:

(1)

The pro forma as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only. Our additional paid-in capital, total shareholders’ (deficit) equity and total capitalization following the completion of this offering are subject to adjustment based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

(2)

A US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of US$                 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on the front cover of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) each of additional paid-in capital, total shareholders’ (deficit) equity, and total capitalization by US$                 million.

 

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DILUTION

If you invest in the ADSs, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per ADS and our net tangible book value per ADS after this offering. Dilution results from the fact that the initial public offering price per ordinary share is substantially in excess of the book value per ordinary share attributable to the existing shareholders for our presently outstanding ordinary shares on an as-converted basis.

Our net tangible book value as of September 30, 2020 was approximately US$417,637 or US$0.19 per ordinary share on an as-converted basis as of that date and US$                 per ADS. Net tangible book value represents the amount of our total consolidated tangible assets, less the amount of our total consolidated liabilities. Dilution is determined by subtracting net tangible book value per ordinary share on an as-converted basis, after giving effect to the additional proceeds we will receive from this offering, from the assumed initial public offering price of US$                 per ordinary share, which is the midpoint of the estimated initial public offering price range set forth on the front cover of this prospectus adjusted to reflect the ADS-to-ordinary share ratio, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Because the Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares have the same dividend and other rights, except for voting and conversion rights, the dilution is presented based on all issued and outstanding ordinary shares, including Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares.

Without taking into account any other changes in net tangible book value after September 30, 2020, other than to give effect to our sale of the ADSs offered in this offering at the assumed initial public offering price of US$                 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the estimated initial public offering price range shown on the front cover of this prospectus, after deduction of the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2020 would have been US$                 , or US$                 per ordinary share and US$                 per ADS. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of US$                 per ordinary share and US$                 per ADS to the existing shareholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of US$                 per ordinary share and US$                 per ADS to investors purchasing ADSs in this offering. The following table illustrates such dilution:

 

     Per Ordinary Share      Per ADS  

Assumed initial public offering price

   US$                        US$                    

Net tangible book value as of September 30, 2020

   US$        US$    

Pro forma net tangible book value after giving effect to (i) the conversion of our preferred shares as of September 30, 2020 (ii) the immediate vesting of our founders’ unvested restricted shares as of September 30, 2020 upon the completion of this offering; and (iii) the immediate vesting of the share options that have satisfied the service condition as of September 30, 2020 upon the completion of this offering;

   US$        US$    

Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after giving effect to (i) the conversion of our preferred shares (ii) the immediate vesting of our founders’ unvested restricted shares as of September 30, 2020 upon the completion of this offering; and (iii) the immediate vesting of the share options that have satisfied the service condition as of September 30, 2020 upon the completion of this offering; (iv) the immediate vesting of the restricted shares granted to our founders in September 2020 upon the completion of this offering and (v) this offering

   US$        US$    

Amount of dilution in net tangible book value to new investors in this offering

   US$        US$    

 

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A US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of US$                 per ADS would increase (decrease) our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after giving effect to this offering by US$                 , the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per ordinary share and per ADS after giving effect to this offering by US$                 per ordinary share and US$                 per ADS, and the dilution in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per ordinary share and per ADS to new investors in this offering by US$                 per ordinary share and US$                 per ADS, assuming no change to the number of ADSs offered by us as set forth on the front cover of this prospectus, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

The following table summarizes, on a pro forma as adjusted basis as of September 30, 2020, the differences between existing shareholders and the new investors with respect to the number of ordinary shares (in the form of ADSs or shares) purchased from us, the total consideration paid and the average price per ordinary share and per ADS paid before deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The total number of ordinary shares does not include Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs issuable upon the exercise of the over-allotment option to purchase additional ADSs granted to the underwriters.

 

     Ordinary Shares Purchased      Total Consideration     Average Price
Per Ordinary
Share
     Average Price
Per ADS
 
     Number      Percent      Amount      Percent  

Existing shareholders

                                                   US$                             US$                US$            
  

 

 

    

 

 

            

New investors

         US$                     US$        US$    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

      

Total

         US$          100.0     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

      

The pro forma as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only. Our net tangible book value following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on the actual initial public offering price of the ADSs and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

The discussion and tables above assume no exercise of options outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. As of the date of this prospectus, there are 15,392,280 Class A ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average exercise price of US$0.44 per share. As of the date of this prospectus, a total of 149,363,572 restricted Class A ordinary shares and 21,356,415 restricted Class B ordinary shares resulting from early exercise or modification of options granted to our employees, officers and directors have been issued to and are held by three trusts for the grantees’ benefit. Such shares will continue to be subject to satisfaction of the service and IPO conditions set forth in the applicable equity award agreements. To the extent that part or all of the outstanding options are exercised or part or all of restricted shares are lifted from restrictive conditions, there will be further dilution to new investors.

 

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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands to take advantage of certain benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands exempted company, such as:

 

   

political and economic stability;

 

   

an effective judicial system;

 

   

a favorable tax system;

 

   

the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions; and

 

   

the availability of professional and support services.

However, certain disadvantages accompany incorporation in the Cayman Islands. These disadvantages include but are not limited to:

 

   

the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and these securities laws provide significantly less protection to investors as compared to the United States; and

 

   

Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States.

Our constituent documents do not contain provisions requiring that disputes, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and shareholders, be arbitrated.

A substantial part of our operations are conducted in China, and substantially all of our operational assets are located in China. In addition, most of our directors and executive officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon these individuals, or to bring an action against us or these individuals in the United States, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

We have appointed Cogency Global Inc., located at 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168, as our agent upon whom process may be served in any action brought against us under the securities laws of the United States.

We have been informed by Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law, that the United States and the Cayman Islands do not have a treaty providing for reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of U.S. courts in civil and commercial matters and that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would (i) recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our directors or officers, predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States, or (ii) entertain original actions brought in the Cayman Islands against us or our directors or officers, predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. We have also been advised by Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP that a judgment obtained in any federal or state court in the United States will be recognized and enforced in the courts of the Cayman Islands at common law, without any re-examination of the merits of the underlying dispute, by an action commenced on the foreign judgment debt in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, provided such judgment (i) is given by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction, (ii) imposes on the judgment debtor a

 

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liability to pay a liquidated sum for which the judgment has been given, (iii) is final, (iv) is not in respect of taxes, a fine or a penalty, and (v) was not obtained in a manner and is not of a kind the enforcement of which is contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands.

However, the Cayman Islands courts are unlikely to enforce a judgment obtained from the United States courts under the civil liability provisions of the securities laws if such judgment is determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands to give rise to obligations to make payments that are penal or punitive in nature. Because the courts of the Cayman Islands have yet to rule on whether such judgments are penal or punitive in nature, it is uncertain whether such civil liability judgments from U.S. courts would be enforceable in the Cayman Islands.

Zhong Lun Law Firm, our counsel as to PRC law, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of China would:

 

   

recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States; or

 

   

entertain original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

Zhong Lun Law Firm has further advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law and other applicable laws and regulations based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other form of reciprocity with the United States or the Cayman Islands that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States or in the Cayman Islands. Under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, foreign shareholders may originate actions based on PRC law against a company in China for disputes if they can establish sufficient nexus to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction, and meet other procedural requirements, including, among others, the plaintiff must have a direct interest in the case, and there must be a concrete claim, a factual basis and a cause for the suit. It will be, however, difficult for U.S. shareholders to originate actions against us in the PRC in accordance with PRC laws because we are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and it will be difficult for U.S. shareholders, by virtue only of holding the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, to establish a connection to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction as required under the PRC Civil Procedures Law.

 

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CORPORATE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE

We commenced our operations in July 2016 through Guangzhou Yatsen, a limited liability company under the laws of the PRC. In September 2016, we incorporated Mangrove Bay Ecommerce Holding (Cayman) , which later changed its name to Yatsen Holding Limited in January 2019, under the laws of the Cayman Islands as our offshore holding company to facilitate offshore financing. Also in September 2016, Yatsen Holding Limited incorporated Yatsen (HK) Limited (formerly known as Mangrove Bay Ecommerce (Hong Kong) Limited) as its intermediary holding company.

In March 2017, Guangzhou Yatsen established Guangzhou Yatsen Cosmetics Co., Ltd. as its wholly owned subsidiary to engage in offline retail business in areas outside East China.

In September 2018, Yatsen (HK) Limited acquired all of the equity interests in Guangzhou Yatsen from its shareholders to engage in the development, manufacturing and sales of cosmetic and skincare products as well as general administration of the business of the group in China.

In April 2019, Guangzhou Yatsen established Guangzhou Yiyan Cosmetics Co., Ltd. as its wholly owned subsidiary to engage in online sales of cosmetic and skincare products under the brand of Perfect Diary on certain platforms other than Tmall and the operation of our online product sales business in Southeastern Asia through our international website www.perfectdiary.com.

In February 2019, we gained control and beneficial ownership of Huizhi Weimei. In July 2019, Guangzhou Yatsen signed a series of contractual arrangements with Huizhi Weimei (Guangzhou) Trading Co. Ltd., or Huizhi Weimei, and its shareholder to formalized the control and beneficiary ownership it has over Huizhi Weimei.

In June 2019, in connection with the acquisition of Little Ondine, we acquired the control of Aoyan (Shanghai) Cosmetics Trading Co., Ltd., a PRC company that owned Little Ondine, through a series of contractual arrangements. Through a series of corporate restructurings in July 2020, we acquired 100% of the equity interest of Aoyan (Shanghai) Cosmetics Trading Co., Ltd. and continue to manage the operations of Little Ondine.

 

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The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure as of the date of this prospectus, including our principal subsidiaries and other entities that are material to our business, as of the date of this prospectus:

 

 

LOGO

 

Note:

 

(1)

Mr. Jinfeng Huang holds 75.0% of equity interests in Huizhi Weimei. The remaining 25.0% of the equity interests in Huizhi Weimei are held by Huiyue (Guangzhou) Trading Limited Partnership, a limited partnership organized under the laws of the PRC whose general partner is Yuemei (Guangzhou) Trading Co., Ltd., a PRC company controlled by Mr. Jinfeng Huang.

Contractual Arrangements with Our VIE and Its Shareholders

Current PRC laws and regulations impose certain restrictions or prohibitions on foreign ownership of companies that engage in value-added telecommunication services and certain other businesses. Yatsen Holding Limited is an exempted company with limited liability incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Guangzhou Yatsen is our wholly owned PRC subsidiary. To comply with PRC laws and regulations, we conduct the business of online sales of cosmetics products and skincare products in China through Huizhi Weimei, our VIE in China, through a series of contractual arrangements by and among Guangzhou Yatsen, our VIE and its shareholders. Our VIE may need to obtain licenses that are otherwise not permitted or advisable to be held directly by our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries, including the License for Online Transmission of Audio-visual Programs and the Permit to Produce and Distribute Radio and Television Programmes. Although our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries produce a significant majority of our revenues and hold a significant majority of our operational assets, our VIE holds certain assets that may be critical to the operation of our business. Main assets held by our VIE include the majority of the social platforms and content offering platforms we operate such as Weixin public accounts and mini-programs, which are registered and held by our VIE and its subsidiaries, and the ICP License and the Permit to Produce and Distribute Radio and Television Programmes, which are critical to the online operation of our business.

 

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Our contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders allow us to (i) exercise effective control over our VIE, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of our VIE, and (iii) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in our VIE when and to the extent permitted by the PRC laws.

As a result of our direct ownership in Guangzhou Yatsen and the contractual arrangements with our VIE, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of our VIE, and we treat our VIE and its subsidiaries as our consolidated entities under U.S. GAAP. We have consolidated the financial results of our VIE and its subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The following is a summary of the currently effective contractual arrangements by and among our WFOE, our VIE and its respective shareholders.

Arrangements that provide us effective control over our VIE

Proxy Agreement and Power of Attorney. Our WFOE entered into a proxy agreement with Huizhi Weimei and its shareholders and obtained powers of attorney from shareholders of Huizhi Weimei in July 2019, which proxy agreement and powers of attorney were later amended and restated in March 2020 and October 2020. Pursuant to the second amended and restated proxy agreement and powers of attorney, each shareholder of Huizhi Weimei irrevocably authorized our WFOE to exercise all of his or its rights as a shareholder of Huizhi Weimei, including, but not limited to, the right to convene and attend shareholder meetings, the right to vote and sign any resolution as a shareholder, the right to appoint or remove directors, and the right to sell, transfer, pledge, and dispose of all or a portion of the equity interests held by such shareholders. The proxy agreement will remain effective so long as Huizhi Weimei exists. The powers of attorney will remain effective unless otherwise notified by our WFOE.

Equity Pledge Agreement. Our WFOE, Huizhi Weimei and shareholders of Huizhi Weimei entered into an equity pledge agreement in July 2019, which was later amended and restated in March 2020 and October 2020. Pursuant to the second amended and restated equity pledge agreement, shareholders of Huizhi Weimei have agreed to pledge all of their respective equity interests in Huizhi Weimei to our WFOE to guarantee the performance by Huizhi Weimei and its shareholders under the exclusive business cooperation agreement, the proxy agreement, the power of attorneys, the exclusive option agreement and the equity pledge agreement. As of the date of this prospectus, we have registered all such equity pledges with the local branch of the SAMR in accordance with PRC laws to perfect their respective equity pledges. After the completion of the equity pledge registrations, in the event of a breach by Huizhi Weimei or its shareholders of contractual obligations under these agreements, our WFOE, as pledgee, will have the right to dispose of the pledged equity interests in Huizhi Weimei. The shareholders of our VIE also undertake that, during the term of the equity pledge agreement, unless otherwise approved by our WFOE in writing, they will not transfer the pledged equity interests or create or allow any new pledge or other encumbrance on the pledged equity interests.

Spousal Consent Letter. Spouse of Jinfeng Huang, the individual shareholder of Huizhi Weimei, who holds 75.0% of equity interests in Huizhi Weimei, has signed a spousal consent letter. The remaining 25.0% of the equity interests in Huizhi Weimei are held by Huiyue (Guangzhou) Trading Limited Partnership, a limited partnership organized under the laws of the PRC whose general partner is Yuemei (Guangzhou) Trading Co., Ltd., a PRC company controlled by Jinfeng Huang. The spouse of Jinfeng Huang unconditionally and irrevocably disclaimed her rights to the relevant equity interest in Huizhi Weimei and any associated economic rights or interest to which she may be entitled pursuant to applicable laws, and has undertaken not to make any assertion of rights to such equity interest and the underlying assets. The spouse of Jinfeng Huang has agreed and undertaken that she will not carry out in any circumstances any conducts that are contradictory to the contractual arrangements and the spousal consent letter.

 

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Agreements that allow us to receive economic benefits from our VIE

Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreements. Pursuant to the exclusive business cooperation agreement entered into in July 2019 between our WFOE and Huizhi Weimei, our WFOE has the exclusive right to provide to Huizhi Weimei services related to, among other things, software technology development, technology consulting, and technical services required by Huizhi Weimei’s business. Without our WFOE’s prior written consent, Huizhi Weimei cannot accept any same or similar services subject to this agreement from any third party or enter into any similar business operation agreements with any third party. Huizhi Weimei agrees to pay our WFOE an amount that is adjusted in accordance with our WFOE’s sole discretion for the relevant period and also the mutually-agreed amount for certain other technical services, which should be paid within ten days after our WFOE sends invoice. Our WFOE has the exclusive ownership of all the intellectual property rights created as a result of the performance of this agreement. To guarantee Huizhi Weimei’s performance of its obligations thereunder, the shareholders of Huizhi Weimei have agreed to pledge their equity interests in Huizhi Weimei to our WFOE pursuant to the equity pledge agreement. The Exclusive Business Cooperation agreement will remain effective for an initial ten years and will be renewed automatically except that our WFOE is entitled to terminate the agreement as long as a 30-day prior written termination notice is provided to Huizhi Weimei.

Agreements that provide us with the option to purchase the equity interests in our VIE

Exclusive Option Agreements. Our WFOE, Huizhi Weimei and shareholders of Huizhi Weimei entered into an exclusive option agreement in July 2019, which was later amended and restated in March 2020 and October 2020. Pursuant to the second amended and restated exclusive option agreement, the shareholders of Huizhi Weimei irrevocably grant our WFOE an exclusive option to purchase, or have its designated person to purchase, at its discretion, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all or part of their equity interests in Huizhi Weimei, and Huizhi Weimei has irrevocably granted our WFOE an exclusive option to purchase all or part of its assets. Our WFOE or its designated person may exercise such options to purchase all equity interests and/or all assets at an aggregate consideration of RMB1.00, or the lowest price permitted under applicable PRC laws if there is any statutory requirement about the consideration under PRC laws. The shareholders of Huizhi Weimei further undertake that, without our WFOE’s prior written consent, they will not, among other things, (i) sell, transfer, pledge, or dispose of their equity interests in Huizhi Weimei, (ii) create any pledge or encumbrance on their equity interests in Huizhi Weimei, (iii) change Huizhi Weimei’s registered capital, (iv) merge Huizhi Weimei with any other entity, (v) sell, transfer, pledge, or dispose of Huizhi Weimei’s assets (except in the ordinary course of business), or (vi) amend Huizhi Weimei’s articles of association. The equity option agreement will remain effective for ten years and will be renewed automatically, except that our WFOE is entitled to terminate the agreement as long as a 10-day prior written termination notice is provided to Huizhi Weimei and its shareholders.

In the opinions of Zhong Lun Law Firm, our PRC legal counsel:

 

   

the ownership structures of our WFOE and our VIE, both currently and immediately after giving effect to this offering, do not violate applicable PRC laws or regulations currently in effect; and

 

   

the contractual arrangements among our WFOE, our VIE and its respective shareholders governed by PRC law are valid and binding, and do not violate applicable PRC laws or regulations currently in effect.

However, we have been further advised by our PRC legal counsel that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules. Accordingly, the PRC regulatory authorities may take a view that is contrary to or otherwise

 

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different from the above opinions of our PRC legal counsel. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. If we or our VIE are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in China do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.” and “ Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.”

 

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, selected consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2018 and 2019, and selected consolidated cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following selected consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, selected consolidated balance sheet data as of September 30, 2020 and selected consolidated cash flow data for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020 are derived from our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate results expected for any future periods. You should read this Selected Consolidated Financial Data section together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The following table presents our selected consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020 and our selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020:

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
    2018     2019     2019     2020  
            RMB                     RMB                     US$                     RMB                     RMB                     US$          
    (in thousands, except for share amounts and per share data)  

Selected Consolidated Statements of Operations and Selected Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss):

                                                              

Total net revenues

    635,316       3,031,167       446,443       1,888,930       3,271,572       481,850  

Total cost of revenues

    (232,073     (1,103,509     (162,529     (677,581     (1,208,557     (178,001
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

    403,243       1,927,658       283,914       1,211,349       2,063,015       303,849  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

           

Fulfillment expenses

    (81,270     (300,122     (44,203     (186,908     (280,337     (41,290

Selling and marketing expenses

    (309,331     (1,251,270     (184,292     (804,936     (2,033,752     (299,539

General and administrative expenses (1)

    (43,315     (209,326     (30,830     (137,443     (856,843     (126,199

Research and development expenses

    (2,641     (23,179     (3,414     (9,768     (40,902     (6,024
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

    (436,557     (1,783,897     (262,739     (1,139,055     (3,211,834     (473,052
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) from operations

    (33,314     143,761       21,175       72,294       (1,148,819     (169,203
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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    For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
    2018     2019     2019     2020  
            RMB                     RMB                     US$                     RMB                     RMB                     US$          
    (in thousands, except for share amounts and per share data)  

Income (loss) before income tax expenses

    (36,114     147,335       21,702       71,809       (1,148,588     (169,168

Income tax expenses

    (4,010     (71,976     (10,601     (42,666     (8,623     (1,270
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

    (40,124     75,359       11,101       29,143       (1,157,211     (170,438
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accretion to Preferred Shares

    (3,465     (59,200     (8,719     (31,766     (176,905     (26,055

Deemed dividends to Preferred Shareholders due to modification of Preferred Shares

    (3,521     (61,239     (9,020     (61,239     (1,054,220     (155,270
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company

    (47,110     (45,080     (6,638     (63,862     (2,388,336     (351,763
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

    (40,124     75,359       11,101       29,143       (1,157,211     (170,438

Other comprehensive income (loss)

           

Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of nil tax

    240       13,822       2,036       21,986       (27,763     (4,089
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income (loss)

    (39,884     89,181       13,137       51,129       (1,184,974     (174,527
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss) per ordinary share

           

Basic

    (0.17     (0.10     (0.01     (0.16     (4.09     (0.60

Diluted

    (0.17     (0.10     (0.01     (0.16     (4.09     (0.60

Weighted average shares used in net income (loss) per share

           

Basic

    271,261,594       450,499,736       450,499,736       411,126,605       583,275,259       583,275,259  

Diluted

    271,261,594       450,499,736       450,499,736       411,126,605       583,275,259       583,275,259  

 

Note:

(1)

All share-based compensation expenses are in general and administrative expenses as follows:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2018     2019     2019     2020  
             RMB                     RMB                     US$                     RMB                     RMB                     US$          
     (in thousands)  

General and administrative expenses

     (14,031     (74,995     (11,046     (56,442     (656,824     (96,740

 

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The following table presents our selected consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the September 30, 2020:

 

     As of December 31,     As of September 30,  
     2018     2019     2020  
             RMB                     RMB                     US$                     RMB                     US$          
     (in thousands)  

Selected Consolidated Balance Sheets Data:

          

Cash and cash equivalents

     25,062       676,579       99,649       1,954,328       287,841  

Restricted cash

     —         —         —         10,648       1,568  

Short-term investment

     —         10,000       1,473       —         —    

Accounts receivable

     64,748       265,302       39,075       328,099       48,324  

Inventories, net

     87,494       504,049       74,238       468,522       69,006  

Prepayments and other current assets

     22,756       115,231       16,972       271,404       39,973  

Amounts due from related parties

     87,898       664       98       350,337       51,599  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

     287,958       1,571,825       231,505       3,383,338       498,311  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Property and equipment, net

     3,810       109,410       16,114       277,684       40,898  

Right-of-use assets, net

     19,617       263,346       38,787       561,761       82,738  

Total assets

     328,221       2,010,317       296,087       4,341,587       639,444  

Accounts payable (including accounts payable of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to us of RMB19,461 and RMB16,323 as of December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2020, respectively)

     90,222       400,542       58,993       403,969       59,498  

Accrued expenses and other liabilities (including accrued expenses and other liabilities of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to us of RMB12,120 and RMB22,522 as of December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2020, respectively)

     77,901       191,065       28,141       295,238       43,484  

Total current liabilities

     187,265       763,343       112,428       1,123,500       165,473  

Total non-current liabilities

     11,544       172,787       25,449       351,539       51,776  

Total liabilities

     198,809       936,130       137,877       1,475,039       217,249  

Total mezzanine equity

     187,887       1,129,987       166,428       5,504,014       810,652  

Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)

     (58,475     (55,800     (8,218     (2,637,466     (388,457
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders’ equity (deficit)

     328,221       2,010,317       296,087       4,341,587       639,444  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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The following table presents our selected consolidated cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020:

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
    2018     2019     2019     2020  
    RMB     RMB     US$     RMB     RMB     US$  
    (in thousands)  

Selected Consolidated Cash Flow Data

           

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

    (96,207     (6,179     (908     28,150       (621,267     (91,503

Net cash used in investing activities

    (7,877     (148,172     (21,824     (96,097     (220,968     (32,545

Net cash provided by financing activities

    123,678       795,231       117,124       775,472       2,155,015       317,399  

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

    20,384       651,517       95,958       726,326       1,288,397       189,760  

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the period

    4,678       25,062       3,691       25,062       676,579       99,649  

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period

    25,062       676,579       99,649       751,388       1,964,976       289,409  

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In evaluating the business, we consider and use non-GAAP income (loss) from operations and non-GAAP net income (loss), each a non-GAAP financial measure, in reviewing and assessing our operating performance. The presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We present these non-GAAP financial measures because they are used by our management to evaluate operating performance and formulate business plans. We believe that the non-GAAP financial measures help identify underlying trends in our business, provide further information about our results of operations, and enhance the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects.

The non-GAAP financial measures are not defined under U.S. GAAP and are not presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools. Our non-GAAP financial measures do not reflect all items of income and expense that affect our operations and do not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. Further, these non-GAAP measures may differ from the non-GAAP information used by other companies, including peer companies, and therefore their comparability may be limited. We compensate for these limitations by reconciling the non-GAAP financial measures to the nearest U.S. GAAP performance measure, all of which should be considered when evaluating performance. We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety and not rely on a single financial measure.

 

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We define non-GAAP income (loss) from operations as income (loss) from operations excluding share-based compensation expenses, and non-GAAP net income (loss) as net income (loss) excluding share-based compensation expenses and a non-recurring item of forward value loss on a forward liability incurred in connection with a forward to purchase Series A-2 Preferred Shares at a fixed price provided to one of our shareholders. The table below sets forth a reconciliation of our income (loss) from operations to non-GAAP income (loss) from operations, and our net income (loss) to non-GAAP net income (loss) for the periods indicated.

 

     For the Year Ended
December 31,
     For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2018     2019      2019      2020  
    

RMB

    RMB      US$      RMB      RMB     US$  
    

(in thousands)

 

Income (loss) from operations

     (33,314     143,761        21,175        72,294        (1,148,819     (169,203

Add:

               

Share-based compensation

     14,031       74,995        11,046        56,442        656,824       96,740  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations

     (19,283     218,756        32,221        128,736        (491,995     (72,463
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

     (40,124     75,359        11,101        29,143        (1,157,211     (170,438

Add:

               

Share-based compensation

     14,031       74,995        11,046        56,442        656,824       96,740  

Fair value loss on a forward liability

     2,014       —          —          —          —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-GAAP net income (loss)

     (24,079     150,354        22,147        85,585        (500,387     (73,698
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the section entitled “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and our combined and consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

We are a leader in the rapidly evolving China beauty market. Founded in 2016, we have launched three fast-growing, successful color cosmetics and skincare brands, Perfect Diary, Little Ondine, and Abby’s Choice. Together, these three brands served 23.4 million and 23.5 million DTC customers in 2019 and in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. We have achieved success through our digitally native DTC business model that is new to China’s beauty industry. Through this model, we focus on deep customer engagement, innovative product development and personalized services.

We generate substantially all of our net revenues from the sale of beauty products under our own brands. We have developed a number of successful brands and products in a short span of time. We launched our flagship brand, Perfect Diary, in 2017. Perfect Diary has since become one of the most popular domestic beauty brands in China and was the largest color cosmetics brand in China’s online beauty market in terms of retail sales value in 2019, according to the CIC Report. We have successfully introduced two other brands since 2019 – Little Ondine and Abby’s Choice.

Through our successful DTC model, we turn customer engagement with our brands into consumer insights that drive product development, content creation, and further improvement of our omni-channel customer experience. We have built core technology and data capabilities that power our business operations, including our marketing strategies, product development, supply chain management and customer service.

We have experienced substantial growth since our inception to date. Our total net revenues increased substantially from RMB635.3 million in 2018 to RMB3,031.2 million (US$446.4 million) in 2019 and from RMB1,888.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to RMB3,271.6 million (US$481.9 million) in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. We generated net income of RMB75.4 million (US$11.1 million) in 2019, compared to net loss of RMB40.1 million in 2018. We generated net loss of RMB1,157.2 million (US$170.4 million) in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to net income of RMB29.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Key Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

Our results of operations and financial conditions are affected by the general factors influencing China’s beauty and retail industries, including China’s overall economic growth, the increase in per capita disposable income, the continued growth of the e-commerce industry, and the growth in the willingness of consumers to spend on beauty products in China.

 

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While our business is influenced by general factors affecting our industry, our results of operations are more directly affected by certain company specific factors, including:

Our Ability to Attract New Customers, Retain Existing Customers and Increase Repeat Purchases

Our future success, and our net revenue growth in particular, is significantly dependent on our ability to continually attract new customers, retain existing customers, and cultivate loyalty, including through increasing repeat purchases. We generate net revenues through (i) sales to customers through DTC channels, which include our online stores operated on e-commerce platforms, our company channels on Weixin and our experience stores, and (ii) sales to platform distributors. In the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, our net revenues generated through DTC channels as a percentage of total net revenues were 91.1%, 88.1%, 88.7% and 86.7%, respectively. We measure our effectiveness in attracting and retaining customers through several key performance indicators, including number of DTC customers and average net revenue per DTC customer. The following table sets forth these indicators for the periods presented:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,      For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
             2018                      2019                      2019                      2020          

Total number of DTC customers (in millions)

     7.0        23.4        15.7        23.5  

Average net revenue per DTC customer(1) (in RMB)

     82.6        114.1        106.8        120.7  

 

Note:

(1) Average net revenue per DTC customer is calculated as total net revenues generated from DTC channels, including our online stores operated on e-commerce platforms, our company channels on Weixin and our experience stores, divided by the total number of DTC customers (see “Prospectus Summary—Conventions that Apply to this Prospectus”) in the relevant period. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, our total net revenues generated from DTC channels were RMB578.5 million, RMB2,670.9 million (US$393.4 million), RMB1,676.1 million and RMB2,836.4 million (US$417.8 million), respectively.

These indicators have been driving our significant net revenue increase over the past two years, and their respective growth rates have primarily been driven by the growing popularity and recognition of our brands, increased selection and attractive prices of the innovative beauty products we offer, consumer preferences for our engaging and seamless shopping experience and quality customer service, and the effectiveness of our marketing initiatives. As our business is still young, we expect continued growth in our customer base and purchasing activities, as well as increased overall customer engagement with our brands, which we expect will contribute to continued increases in our total net revenues in absolute terms in the foreseeable future.

Our Ability to Develop and Launch New Products and Introduce New Brands

Our ability to successfully develop and launch new products and introduce new brands when appropriate is critical to our success, and in particular to our ability to attract, engage and retain customers, which is key to our continued net revenue growth. Utilizing data insights gained through our direct engagement with customers, we are able to develop new popular products faster and more efficiently. Having a broad, attractive and updated product mix helps to maintain the popularity of our brands, increases customer loyalty and encourages customer purchases. We expect to continue to develop and launch new products under each of our brands to respond to the latest industry trends and customer feedback.

 

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We also have a track record of successfully introducing brands, both which we incubated on our own and which we acquired, by leveraging our rapid and highly effective go-to-market strategies. Our first brand, Perfect Diary, became the No. 1 color cosmetics brand in terms of online retail sales value just three years after launch, according to the CIC Report. The brands that we launched since 2019 have benefited from the capabilities that we built with Perfect Diary to scale even faster. For example, our second brand, Little Ondine, achieved within eight months of relaunch the same level of monthly net revenues as Perfect Diary did in its first year and our third brand, Abby’s Choice, achieved such level of monthly net revenues within just three months of official launch. In order to expand our platform and extend our consumer reach, we expect to continue to introduce new brands through both self-incubation and acquisitions. We will continue to pursue domestic or overseas acquisitions of selected beauty brands that complement our existing portfolio. For example, in October 2020, we entered into an agreement to acquire from Pierre Fabre, a French pharmaceutical and dermo-cosmetics group, the iconic premium skincare brand, Galénic. The success of new brand and product launches will impact the growth of our business, our ability to continue to attract and engage customers, and our short-term and long-term financial performance, including our net revenues and operating expenses, in particular marketing expenses associated with the launch and promotion of such new brands.

Our Pricing Strategy and Ability to Maintain Optimal Gross Margins

Our results of operations depend on our ability to optimally design our pricing strategy to both maintain attractiveness to customers and to maintain and gradually improve our gross margins as we continue to grow our business. We reach and engage our customers online and offline primarily through a DTC approach without platform distributors, which allows us to more efficiently price our products at a level that is both attractive to our customers and maintains a healthy gross margin for our business. In 2019, a significant majority of our net revenues were generated through DTC channels, including our online stores operated on Tmall and other e-commerce platforms, our company channels on Weixin and our experience stores. As a result of our DTC approach and strong pricing power, our gross margins, which were 63.5% and 63.6% in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and 64.1% and 63.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, respectively, have remained relatively stable for the past two years as our brand and product portfolio has diversified and the sales volume of our beauty products has increased. The slight decrease in gross profit margin from the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to the same period in 2020 was primarily due to a RMB80.9 million (US$11.9 million) inventory provision that we recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as a result of market conditions and consumer demand being less favorable than we expected in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19. The brands that we launched in 2019 after Perfect Diary are focused more on the masstige beauty product segments, which should over time provide us with higher gross margins compared to products under Perfect Diary, which focuses on the mass beauty product segment. We expect that gross margin for the foreseeable future will remain relatively stable with gradual increases as we introduce and scale brands focused on the masstige, premium or luxury beauty product segments.

Effectiveness of Our Marketing Strategies

Our results of operations also depend on our ability to attract and retain customers at reasonable marketing expenses. While we are a young business, we have been successful in building popular brands and marketing our products leveraging our core capabilities in social media and digital marketing and our diversified distribution channels. We work with KOLs to market our products cost-effectively on a large scale through our proprietary KOL management system, which allows us to predominantly work directly with these KOLs rather than through intermediaries. Our close cooperation with such a large group of KOLs provides us with valuable insights into the impact these KOLs have on our targeted consumers, and helps us increase marketing efficiency and effectiveness. In addition, as of September 30, 2020, we had over 48 million followers across various social media platforms in

 

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China. As the number of our followers continues to grow, we are able to engage in more cost-effective marketing through directly engaging with and marketing to this group of consumers who have previously bought our products or are interested in our products.

Our marketing expenses and efficiency are also expected to be further improved with our continued rollout of company channels on Weixin and expansion of our offline experience stores, both of which were introduced in 2019 as additional distribution channels. The introduction of our company channels on Weixin helps to make our marketing more cost-effective achieving targeted marketing at scale. Through our company channels on Weixin, we foster long-term loyalty beyond the point of purchase, promote repeat purchases and increase customer lifetime value in a cost-efficient manner. The continued expansion of our offline experience store network also adds physical touchpoints to help effectively market our brands and products by promoting stronger customer engagement through cross-channel integration.

Our selling and marketing expenses have also been and will continue to be affected by the number of new products we are introducing, whether or not we are introducing a new brand, and our ability to successfully adopt new emerging marketing trends and strategies. Through our data insights, we also monitor our ROIs across our various marketing and distribution channels and adjust our marketing spending and strategy accordingly in a timely-manner. Through such effective marketing strategies, our selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of our total net revenues decreased from 48.7% in 2018 to 41.3% in 2019. Our selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of total net revenues increased from 42.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to 62.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was primarily due to (i) increased advertising, marketing and brand promotion spending to promote our newer brands Little Ondine and Abby’s Choice while they ramp up sales and (ii) a decrease in our ROI on advertising, marketing and brand promotion spending as a result of the negative impact of COVID-19 on overall consumer sentiment and purchasing activities, (iii) temporary closure of and reduced sales volume at our offline experience stores as a result of the negative impact of COVID-19 while expenses related to experience stores continued to be incurred, and (iv) increased marketing and branding expenses in the third quarter of 2020 to capture the resurgence in consumer sentiment and social activities as the effect of COVID-19 in China gradually declined during such period.

Our Ability to Manage Operating Costs and Expenses

Our results of operations are affected by our ability to control our operating costs and expenses and continuously optimize our supply chain management. We have developed an efficient supply chain involving manufacturing, warehousing and logistics. We leverage technology and data to manage supplier partners, ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners and other service partners, and adjust such partners’ operations to maintain optimal inventory levels as well as ensure smooth product launches. We cooperate with leading manufacturers with strong capabilities, as well as physical proximity to our customers, enabling us to shorten the production and fulfilment process further, thereby improving customer experience. Fulfilment expenses as a percentage of our total net revenues decreased from 12.8% in 2018 to 9.9% in 2019 and from 9.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to 8.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. We expect the absolute amount of operating expenses to continue increasing as we invest in the growth of our business, but we plan to continue to leverage our technology- and data-driven supply chain and warehouse management system to manage our operating costs and expenses and maintain attractive net profit margins.

We further diversified our distribution channels to include offline experience stores in 2019 and plan to continue the expansion of our experience store network in China for the next two to three years. We opened 40 and 163 experience stores in 2019 and from January 1 to September 30, 2020, respectively. Expenses related to our experience stores were RMB52.9 million (US$7.8 million) in 2019

 

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and RMB196.4 million (US$28.9 million) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and are expected to increase in absolute amount in the foreseeable future as we continue to expand our experience store network.

Impact of COVID-19

Beginning in January 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has severely impacted China and the rest of the world. Our business and operations have also been affected as a result. In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the temporary closure of many corporate offices, retail stores, and manufacturing facilities across China. Given the strict implementation of quarantine measures during this period, social and economic activities throughout China were sharply curtailed, and opportunities for discretionary consumption, especially in offline sales channels, were significantly limited during the period. Operations of our offline experience stores were adversely impacted by the quarantine measures in China, which resulted in temporary store closures from late January through early April. However, as net revenues generated from experience stores accounted for less than 10% of total net revenues during 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, the impact from the temporary store closures on our sales volume during such period was not material.

Due to the overall weakening consumer sentiment and purchasing activities as a result of the impact of COVID-19, our sales volume and total net revenues experienced slower-than-expected growth in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Our online sales volume witnessed slower-than-expected growth in the first quarter of 2020 due to the unavailability of, or significant delays in, delivery services during such period. Despite this slowdown, net revenues generated through online channels continued to grow in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with the same period in 2019. While our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners and other service partners had to operate at reduced capacity during such period, we were able to maintain sufficient levels of inventory and fulfillment capacity through our self-operated warehouses. However, due to market conditions and consumer demand being less favorable than we expected in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as a result of the impact of COVID-19, we recorded an inventory provision of RMB80.9 million (US$11.9 million) in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which contributed to a slight decrease in our gross profit margin from 64.1% in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to 63.1% in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. In addition, as a result of the impact of COVID-19, our ROI on advertising, marketing and brand promotion spending decreased and, as the impact of COVID-19 in China gradually declined in the third quarter of 2020, we further stepped up our marketing efforts to capture the resurgence in consumer sentiment and social activities. Such impacts contributed to the increase of our selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of total net revenues from 42.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to 62.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The growth in our total net revenues for the third quarter of 2020 rebounded with this recovery in consumer sentiment and we generated higher total net revenues in the third quarter of 2020 compared to the previous quarters and also the corresponding quarter in 2019.

Many of the quarantine measures within China have since been relaxed as of the date of this prospectus, and we, together with our ODM/OEM and packaging supply partners and other business partners, have gradually resumed normal operations since early-March 2020 with the exception of our experience stores which re-opened in early April 2020. The global spread of COVID-19 pandemic in major countries of the world may also result in global economic distress, and the extent to which it may affect our results of operations will depend on future developments of the COVID-19 pandemic, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Our operations have been, and may continue to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.”

 

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Key Components of Results of Operations

Net revenues

Our net revenues are net of refunds and value-added tax. The following table sets forth the breakdown of our net revenues by brands both as absolute amounts and as a proportion of our total net revenues for the periods presented:

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2018     2019     2019     2020  
        RMB         %             RMB         US$             %             RMB         %             RMB         US$             %      
    (in thousands, except for percentages)        

Net revenues

                   

Sales of product by brand

                   

Perfect Diary

    630,080       99.2       2,960,454       436,028       97.7       1,867,325       98.9       2,610,505       384,485       79.8  

—Others

    5,236       0.8       70,713       10,415       2.3       21,605       1.1       661,067       97,365       20.2  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total net revenues

    635,316       100.0       3,031,167       446,443       100.0       1,888,930       100.0       3,271,572       481,850       100.0  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Sales of product by brand. We generate net revenues primarily from sales of beauty products under (i) our Perfect Diary brand and (ii) our other brands, which currently include Little Ondine and Abby’s Choice. Our beauty products comprise of color cosmetics products, which include eye, face and lip products, skincare products, and other products, which include nail products, beauty tools, kits and other products such as perfume. We expect that net revenues generated from sales of products under our Perfect Diary brand will continue to account for a majority of our total net revenues in the foreseeable future.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of our net revenues by channels both as absolute amounts and as a proportion of our total net revenues for the periods presented:

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2018     2019     2019     2020  
        RMB         %             RMB         US$             %             RMB         %             RMB         US$             %      
    (in thousands, except for percentages)        

Net revenues

                   

Sales of product by channel

                   

—Sales to end customers through platforms

    578,486       91.1       2,570,107       378,536       84.8       1,639,564       86.8       2,558,302       376,797       78.2  

—Sales to platform distributor customers

    56,830       8.9       359,629       52,968       11.9       212,703       11.3       432,919       63,762       13.2  

—Others

    —         —         101,431       14,939       3.3       36,663       1.9       280,351       41,291       8.6  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total net revenues

    635,316       100.0       3,031,167       446,443       100.0       1,888,930       100.0       3,271,572       481,850       100.0  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Sales of product by channel. We generate net revenues primarily from selling beauty products (i) directly to end customers through various DTC online channels, (ii) to e-commerce platform

 

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distributors who then sell to end customers, and (iii) through other channels including our offline experience stores, which were introduced in 2019. Our DTC online channels include our online stores operated on Tmall and other e-commerce platforms and our company channels on Weixin. Our e-commerce platform distributors mainly include JD.com and Vipshop. We expect that net revenues generated from sales of products to end customers directly through DTC online channels will continue to account for a majority of our total net revenues in the foreseeable future. We also expect that net revenues generated from sales of products to end customers directly through our experience stores will increase in absolute amounts in the foreseeable future as we continue to expand our network of experience stores.

We expect that our total net revenues will increase in absolute amounts in the foreseeable future as the number of DTC customers and average net revenue per DTC customer increase, which we believe will be primarily driven by (i) continuing growth of our existing brands through introduction of new products across expanding product categories, (ii) further diversification of our distribution channels, in particular further development of our company channels on Weixin and expansion of our offline experience store footprint, (iii) continued marketing and brand promotion efforts to attract more consumers and encourage customer purchases, and (iv) introduction of new brands to further diversify our beauty product offerings through M&A and internal incubation.

Cost of revenues

Our cost of revenues consists primarily of material costs, which includes ingredient costs and costs associated with raw materials and packaging materials, manufacturing cost and other related costs that are directly attributable to the production of our products. For some of our products, we directly procure raw materials and packaging materials from third-party suppliers and pass on such materials to OEM/ODM partners for production and assembly. For the rest of our products, we procure finished goods from OEM/ODM partners. Our product costs fluctuate with the prices we are able to negotiate with our OEM/ODM partners and our raw material and packaging material suppliers. We expect cost of revenues to increase in absolute amounts as sales volume of our beauty products continue to grow.

The following table sets forth our cost of revenues by amounts and percentages of our total net revenues for the periods presented:

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2018     2019     2019     2020  
    RMB     %         RMB     US$         %         RMB     %     RMB     US$     %  
    (in thousands, except for percentages)  

Cost of revenues

    232,073       36.5       1,103,509       162,529       36.4       677,581       35.9       1,208,557       178,001       36.9  

The following table sets forth our gross profit in absolute amount and gross margin for the periods presented. We expect that gross margin for the foreseeable future will remain relatively stable with gradual increases as we grow our volume of beauty products sold and introduce and scale new brands that focus on masstige and premium beauty product segments.

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30,  
     2018     2019     2019     2020  
             RMB                     RMB                     US$             RMB     RMB     US$  
     (in thousands, except for percentages)  

Gross profit

     403,243       1,927,658       283,914       1,211,349       2,063,015       303,849  

Gross profit margin

     63.5     63.6     63.6     64.1     63.1     63.1

 

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Operating expenses

The following table sets forth the components of our operating expenses by amounts and percentages of our total net revenues for the periods presented:

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2018     2019     2019     2020  
    RMB     %         RMB     US$         %         RMB     %     RMB     US$     %  
    (in thousands, except for percentages)  

Operating expenses

                   

Fulfilment expenses

    81,270       12.8       300,122       44,203       9.9       186,908       9.9       280,337       41,290       8.6  

Selling and marketing expenses

    309,331       48.7       1,251,270       184,292       41.3       804,936       42.6       2,033,752       299,539       62.2  

General and administrative expenses

    43,315       6.8       209,326       30,830       6.9       137,443       7.3       856,843       126,199 &