NOTE 1—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Torotel, Inc. ("Torotel") conducts business primarily through its wholly owned subsidiary, Torotel Products, Inc. ("Torotel Products"). The terms “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” as used in these notes include Torotel and all of its subsidiaries, including Torotel Products, unless the context otherwise requires. Torotel specializes in the custom design and manufacture of a wide variety of precision magnetic components, consisting of transformers, inductors, reactors, chokes, toroidal coils, high voltage transformers, dry-type transformers and electro-mechanical assemblies for use in aerospace, industrial and military electronics.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Torotel and its wholly owned subsidiary, Torotel Products. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Significant estimates used in preparing these consolidated financial statements include those assumed in computing the valuation allowance of inventory, the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, the valuation allowance on deferred income tax assets, and the reserve for warranty costs. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. Any changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known.

Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and accounts receivable. We grant unsecured credit to most of our customers. We do not believe that we are exposed to any extraordinary credit risk as a result of this policy. Cash balances did not exceed federally insured limits at April 30, 2019. At other various times and at April 30, 2018, cash balances exceeded federally insured limits. We have not experienced any losses in the cash accounts and we do not believe we are exposed to any significant credit risk with respect to our cash.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash, trade receivables and trade accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short maturities. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the amount of our long-term debt approximates fair value based on the present value of estimated future cash flows using a discount rate commensurate with a borrowing rate available to us.

Revenue Recognition

Under ASC 605 – For the Year ended April 30, 2018

Revenue is recognized when a fixed price contract or purchase order exists; delivery has occurred; and collection is reasonably assured. Selling terms are generally FOB Shipping Point so we consider our products delivered once they have been shipped and title and risk of loss have been transferred.

Under ASC 606 – For the Year ended April 30, 2019

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (ASC 606). ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), and requires entities to recognize revenue in a way that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new revenue recognition standard also requires disclosures that sufficiently describe the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. This ASU was amended by ASU No. 2015-14, issued in August 2015, which deferred the original effective date by one year; the effective date of this ASU is for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, using one of two retrospective application methods. In addition, the FASB issued other amendments during 2016 to ASC 606, which include implementation guidance to principal versus agent considerations, guidance to identifying performance obligations and licensing guidance and other narrow scope improvements. The Company adopted this new guidance on May 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective application method. As part of the Company's implementation plan for this new standard, the Company assessed the impact of these new standards on its business processes, business and accounting systems, and consolidated financial statements and related disclosures by evaluating the terms and conditions of samples of both standard and non-standard contracts across the Company's in-scope business segments in light of the new standards. Specifically, the Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as a decrease to the opening balance of accumulated deficit of $102,000 as of May 1, 2018. See Note 3 – Revenue for further details. We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:


1)	Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and, (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for goods or services that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.
2)	Identification of the performance obligations in the contract Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the goods or services are separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, the Company must apply judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met the promised goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.
3)	Determination of the transaction price The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. None of the Company's contracts as of April 30, 2019 contained a significant financing component. Determining the transaction price requires significant judgment, which is discussed by revenue category in further detail below.
4)	Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. However, if a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same qualifies as a single performance obligation in a contract with variable consideration, the Company must determine if the variable consideration is attributable to the entire contract or to a specific part of the contract. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price basis unless the transaction price is variable and meets the criteria to be allocated entirely to a performance obligation or to a distinct service that forms part of a single performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations.
5)	Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation The Company satisfies performance obligations either over time or at a point in time as discussed in further detail below. Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised service to a customer.

Performance Obligations Satisfied Over Time

We recognize revenue on agreements for the sale of customized goods including magnetic components, consisting of transformers, inductors, reactors, chokes, toroidal coils, high voltage transformers, dry-type transformers and electro-mechanical assemblies for use in commercial aerospace and military electronics on an over time basis.

Commercial Aerospace and Defense Parts

Performance obligations under long-term agreements are considered to be under contract at the time that authorization to ship has been obtained from the customer. Performance obligations under standalone purchase orders are considered to be under contract at the time that the purchase order is received. Parts manufactured for customers in our aerospace and defense product revenue stream must be built to certain specifications that are then qualified by the customer. Due to the proprietary nature of our custom-built products designed for a specific use by our aerospace and defense customers, control is considered to be with the customer as the products are finalized and placed into finished goods. Goods within this revenue stream do not provide simultaneous receipt and benefit to the customer. The goods are controlled by our customers once the finished parts are created. The customers prevent any alternative use of the asset and an enforceable right to payment does exist. We provide for potential losses on any of these agreements when it is probable that we will incur the loss.

Our billing terms for these over-time contracts vary, but are generally based on ship date. Control is transferred as products are completed and closed to finished goods.

Product fees and engineering and design services

For product fees along with engineering and design services, transfer of control is determined by the revenue stream of the associated product. Percentage-of-completion revenue recognition is utilized when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer for any project-related services, utilizing labor as the input method.

Performance Obligations Satisfied at a Point in Time

We recognize revenue on agreements for the sale of customized goods including magnetic components, consisting of transformers, inductors, reactors, chokes, toroidal coils, high voltage transformers, dry-type transformers and electro-mechanical assemblies for use in the industrial and commercial market on point in time basis.

Industrial and Commercial Parts

Our billing terms for these point in time sales are generally based on ship date. Control is transferred as products are shipped to the customers.

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs do not have a material impact to the financial statements. No impairment losses were recognized in fiscal year 2019 relating to receivables or contract assets arising from contracts with customers.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Gross trade accounts receivable are offset with an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in our existing accounts receivable. We review the allowance for doubtful accounts on a regular basis, and all past due balances are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged against the allowance when placed for collection. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded when received. The majority of the customer accounts are considered past due after the invoice becomes older than the customer's credit terms. Interest is not charged on past due accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts as of both April 30, 2019 and 2018 was $12,000.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using a FIFO approximated weighted average cost method of valuation. Our industry is characterized by short-term customer commitments and changes in demand, as well as other market considerations. Provisions for obsolete and excess inventory are based on reviews of inventory usage, quantities on hand and latest product demand information from customers. Inventories are reviewed in detail utilizing a 12-month time horizon. Individual part numbers that have not had any usage or purchases in a 12-month time period and do not have any known usage requirements are categorized as obsolete; individual part numbers having more than a 12-month supply based on the current year's usage are categorized as excess. Once specific inventory has been identified as excess or obsolete, the cost of the identified inventory is fully reserved and the cost of the inventory is not recovered until it is sold. The reserve balance is analyzed for adequacy as part of the inventory review each quarter. The reserve for inventory as of April 30, 2019 and 2018 was $332,000 and $364,000, respectively.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided in amounts sufficient to relate the costs of depreciable assets to operations primarily using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to ten years for equipment and three and a half to twenty years for buildings and improvements.

Cash

For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, we consider all short-term investments and demand deposits purchased with original maturity dates of three months or less to be cash.

Income Taxes

Our annual tax rate is based on our income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining our annual tax rate and in evaluating our tax positions. An estimated effective tax rate for a year is applied to our quarterly operating results. In the event there is a significant or unusual item recognized in our quarterly operating results, the tax attributable to that item is separately calculated and recorded at the same time as that item. Tax law requires items to be included in our tax returns at different times than the items are reflected in our financial statements. As a result, our annual tax rate reflected in our financial statements is different than that reported in our tax returns (our cash tax rate). Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible in our tax return, and some differences reverse over time, such as depreciation expense. These temporary differences create deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in our tax returns in future years for which we have already recorded the tax benefit in our statement of operations. We establish valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent tax expense recognized in our financial statements for which payment has been deferred, or expense for which we have already taken a deduction in our tax return but have not yet recognized as expense in our financial statements. The accounting for uncertainty in income taxes requires a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. If necessary, we record a liability for the difference between the benefit recognized and measured for financial statement purposes and the tax position taken or expected to be taken on our tax return. To the extent that our assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. If applicable in a given year, tax-related interest and penalties are classified as a component of income tax expense.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. For the year ended April 30, 2019 there were no advertising costs. For the year ended April 30, 2018 advertising costs were $22,000.

Warranty Costs

We maintain a reserve for estimated warranty costs associated with products returned from customers. A limited warranty is provided for a period of one year which requires us to repair or replace defective products at no cost to the customer. The warranty reserve is based on historical experience and reflects management's best estimate of probable liability under the product warranties.

Share-Based Compensation

We have a share-based compensation plan that provides for awards of restricted stock, which is described more fully in Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We account for the share-based compensation plan in accordance with authoritative guidance under which the estimated fair value of share-based awards granted under our share-based compensation plan is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of the award.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which replaced or superseded ASC Topic 840, Leases, and is intended to increase the transparency and comparability of accounting for lease transactions. ASU 2016-02 requires most leases to be recognized on the balance sheet as lessees will need to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for virtually all leases with a term longer than twelve months. The liability will be equal to the present value of lease payments. The asset will be based on the liability, subject to adjustment, such as for initial direct costs. For income statement purposes, the FASB retained a dual model, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or finance. Lessor accounting remains similar to the current model. Targeted improvements were made to lessor accounting to align, where necessary, with certain changes to the lessee model and the new revenue recognition standard. The ASU will require both quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding key information about leasing arrangements. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and the Company adopted the standard effective May 1, 2019. The Company elected the optional transition method that applies the new lease requirements through a cumulative-effect adjustment in the period of adoption. Based on the results of our preliminary evaluation, the most significant impact is expected to relate to the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets for long-term operating leases and is expected to be material in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020. We have implemented a project plan where contracts and assets are being reviewed for identifying leases under the new standard, evaluating the components of the lease, determining the initial recognition of each lease liability and right-of-use asset, and presentation based on the classification of the lease as an operating or finance lease. The potential impact on our consolidated financial statements is largely based on the present value of future minimum lease payments, the amount of which will depend upon the population of leases in effect at the date of adoption. Future minimum lease payments totaled $3,456,000 as of April 30, 2019, as disclosed in Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies. Torotel believes the impact to the financial statements will result in recognition of additional right of use assets and lease liabilities between $2,183,000 and $2,683,000. Any differences between the recognition of the right of use asset and the lease liability will be recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings.