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Segment Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information
Note 4 - Segment Information
The Company has historically operated under two reportable segments: (1) Mobile Industries and (2) Process Industries.
Description of types of products and services from which each reportable segment derives its revenues:
The Company's reportable segments are business units that target different industry sectors. While the segments often operate using a shared infrastructure, each reportable segment is managed to address specific customer needs in these diverse market segments.
Mobile Industries offers an extensive portfolio of bearings, seals, lubrication devices and systems, as well as industrial motion components, engineered chain, augers, belts, couplings, clutches, brakes and related products and maintenance services, to OEMs and end users of: off-highway equipment for the agricultural, construction, mining, outdoor power equipment and powersports markets; on-highway vehicles including passenger cars, light trucks and medium- and heavy-duty trucks; rail cars and locomotives. Beyond service parts sold to OEMs, aftermarket sales and services to individual end users, equipment owners, operators and maintenance shops are handled directly or through the Company's extensive network of authorized automotive and heavy-truck distributors, and include hub units, specialty kits and more. Mobile Industries also provides power transmission systems and flight-critical components for civil and military aircraft, which include bearings, turbine engine components, gears and housings.
Process Industries supplies industrial bearings and assemblies, industrial motion components such as gears and gearboxes, linear motion products, couplings, seals, lubricants, chains, belts and related products and services to OEMs and end users in industries that place heavy demands on operating equipment they make or use. This includes: metals, mining, cement and aggregate production; wind energy and solar; coal power generation and oil and gas; pulp and paper in applications including printing presses; packaging and automation; and cranes, hoists, drawbridges, gear drives, conveyors, health and critical motion control equipment, marine equipment and food processing equipment. This segment also supports aftermarket sales and service needs through its global network of authorized industrial distributors and through the provision of services directly to end users. In addition, the Company’s industrial services group offers end users a broad portfolio of maintenance support and capabilities that include repair and service for bearings and gearboxes as well as electric motor rewind, repair and services.

Measurement of segment profit or loss and segment assets:
The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based on return on capital and profitable growth. The primary measurement used by management to measure the financial performance of each segment is EBITDA.
The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.
Factors used by management to identify the enterprise’s reportable segments:
Net sales by geographic area are reported by the destination of net sales, which is reflective of how the Company operates its segments. Long-lived assets by geographic area are reported by the location of the subsidiary.
Timken’s non-U.S. operations are subject to normal international business risks not generally applicable to a domestic business. These risks include currency fluctuation, changes in tariff restrictions, difficulties in establishing and maintaining relationships with local distributors and dealers, import and export licensing requirements, difficulties in staffing and managing geographically diverse operations and restrictive regulations by foreign governments, including price and exchange controls, compliance with a variety of foreign laws and regulations, including unexpected changes in taxation and environmental regulatory requirements, and disadvantages of competing against companies from countries that are not subject to U.S. laws and regulations, including the FCPA.
Note 4 - Segment Information (continued)
Business Segment Information:
The following tables provide segment financial information and a reconciliation of segment results to consolidated results:
202220212020
Net sales to external customers:
Mobile Industries$2,106.5 $1,965.7 $1,671.6 
Process Industries2,390.2 2,167.2 1,841.6 
 $4,496.7 $4,132.9 $3,513.2 
Segment EBITDA:
Mobile Industries$217.1 $240.1 $232.5 
Process Industries621.5 506.3 442.9 
Total EBITDA, for reportable segments$838.6 $746.4 $675.4 
Unallocated corporate expense(50.0)(46.1)(40.7)
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related expense (1)
(2.9)(0.3)(18.5)
Acquisition-related gain (2)
— 0.9 11.1 
Depreciation and amortization(164.0)(167.8)(167.1)
Interest expense(74.6)(58.8)(67.6)
Interest income3.8 2.3 3.7 
Income before income taxes$550.9 $476.6 $396.3 
(1) Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related expense represents curtailments, professional fees associated with pension de-risking and actuarial losses that resulted from the remeasurement of pension and other postretirement plan assets and obligations as a result of changes in assumptions.
(2) The acquisition-related gain represents a bargain purchase price gain on the acquisition of Aurora, acquired on November 30, 2020. See Note 2 - Acquisitions and Divestitures for additional information.

20222021
Assets employed at year-end:
Mobile Industries$2,371.6 $2,216.4 
Process Industries2,963.4 2,548.3 
Corporate (2)
437.4 406.0 
 $5,772.4 $5,170.7 
(2) Corporate assets include corporate buildings and cash and cash equivalents.

202220212020
Capital expenditures:
Mobile Industries$71.2 $52.3 $70.5 
Process Industries105.8 95.4 50.1 
Corporate1.4 0.6 1.0 
 $178.4 $148.3 $121.6 
Depreciation and amortization:
Mobile Industries$75.2 $80.1 $79.7 
Process Industries87.6 86.6 86.6 
Corporate1.2 1.1 0.8 
 $164.0 $167.8 $167.1 
Note 4 - Segment Information (continued)
Geographic Financial Information:
20222021
Property, Plant and Equipment, net:  
United States$418.3 $398.2 
China 272.5 235.3 
India130.6 142.9 
Romania101.8 112.1 
Rest of world284.2 166.8 
$1,207.4 $1,055.3 
Refer to Note 3 - Revenue for further information pertaining to geographic net sales information.