Postretirement Benefit Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Expense related to defined benefit and retiree health care benefit plans is as follows:

	U.S. Defined Benefit									U.S. Retiree Health Care									Non-U.S. Defined Benefit
	2018			2017			2016			2018			2017			2016			2018			2017			2016
Service cost	$	19		$	22		$	22		$	5		$	5		$	5		$	36		$	37		$	34
Interest cost		35			42			42			15			17			20			45			44			52
Expected return on plan assets		(42	)		(41	)		(41	)		(15	)		(17	)		(20	)		(67	)		(62	)		(68	)
Amortization of prior service credit		—			—			—			(3	)		(4	)		(3	)		(1	)		(2	)		(2	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		17			14			21			2			3			7			20			28			25
Net periodic benefit costs		29			37			44			4			4			9			33			45			41
Settlement losses		23			36			21			—			—			—			3			2			2
Total, including other postretirement losses	$	52		$	73		$	65		$	4		$	4		$	9		$	36		$	47		$	43

Schedule of Changes in the Benefit Obligations and Plan Assets for the Defined Benefit and Retiree Health Care Benefit Plans

Changes in the benefit obligations and plan assets for defined benefit and retiree health care benefit plans are as follows:

	U.S.						U.S.						Non-U.S.
	Defined Benefit						Retiree Health Care						Defined Benefit
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Change in plan benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year:	$	998		$	1,030		$	414		$	434		$	2,469		$	2,361
Service cost		19			22			5			5			36			37
Interest cost		35			42			15			17			45			44
Participant contributions		—			—			11			9			7			6
Benefits paid		(10	)		(9	)		(41	)		(39	)		(87	)		(90	)
Settlements		(100	)		(196	)		—			—			(16	)		(13	)
Actuarial loss (gain)		(68	)		109			(43	)		(15	)		6			(52	)
Plan amendments		—			—			—			3			7			—
Effects of exchange rate changes		—			—			—			—			(56	)		176
Benefit obligation at end of year	$	874		$	998		$	361		$	414		$	2,411		$	2,469

Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year:	$	995		$	1,034		$	394		$	434		$	2,593		$	2,309
Actual return on plan assets		(56	)		123			(12	)		44			(52	)		148
Employer contributions (qualified plans)		20			25			1			1			19			56
Employer contributions (non-qualified plans)		20			18			—			—			—			—
Participant contributions		—			—			11			9			7			6
Benefits paid		(10	)		(9	)		(41	)		(39	)		(87	)		(90	)
Settlements		(100	)		(196	)		—			—			(16	)		(13	)
Effects of exchange rate changes		—			—			—			—			(54	)		177
Other		—			—			(23	)		(55	)		—			—
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$	869		$	995		$	330		$	394		$	2,410		$	2,593

Funded status at end of year	$	(5	)	$	(3	)	$	(31	)	$	(20	)	$	(1	)	$	124

Schedule of Amounts Recognized in our Balance Sheet

Amounts recognized on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, are as follows:

	U.S. Defined			U.S. Retiree			Non-U.S.
	Benefit			Health Care			Defined Benefit			Total
2018
Overfunded retirement plans	$	40		$	—		$	52		$	92
Accrued expenses and other liabilities & other long-term liabilities		(8	)		—			(3	)		(11	)
Underfunded retirement plans		(37	)		(31	)		(50	)		(118	)
Funded status at end of 2018	$	(5	)	$	(31	)	$	(1	)	$	(37	)

2017
Overfunded retirement plans	$	58		$	—		$	150		$	208
Accrued expenses and other liabilities & other long-term liabilities		(13	)		—			(5	)		(18	)
Underfunded retirement plans		(48	)		(20	)		(21	)		(89	)
Funded status at end of 2017	$	(3	)	$	(20	)	$	124		$	101

Schedule of Change in AOCI

The change in AOCI is as follows:

	U.S. Defined			U.S. Retiree						Non-U.S.
	Benefit			Health Care						Defined Benefit						Total
	Net Actuarial Loss			Net Actuarial Loss			Prior Service Credit			Net Actuarial Loss			Prior Service Credit			Net Actuarial Loss			Prior Service Credit
AOCI balance, net of taxes, December 31, 2017	$	118		$	29		$	(6	)	$	247		$	(4	)	$	394		$	(10	)
Changes in AOCI by category:
Adjustments		29			(16	)		—			120			7			133			7
Recognized within net income		(39	)		(2	)		3			(24	)		1			(65	)		4
Tax effect		2			4			(1	)		(26	)		(1	)		(20	)		(2	)
Cumulative effect of accounting changes (a)		25			6			(1	)		—			—			31			(1	)
Total change to AOCI		17			(8	)		1			70			7			79			8
AOCI balance, net of taxes, December 31, 2018	$	135		$	21		$	(5	)	$	317		$	3		$	473		$	(2	)

(a)Reflects the adoption of ASU 2018-02. See Note 2 for additional information.

Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets

The tables below set forth the fair value of our plan assets using the same three-level hierarchy of fair-value inputs described in Note 7.

	December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Other (a)		Total
Assets of U.S. defined benefit plan:
Fixed income securities and cash equivalents	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	563	$	563
Equity securities		—		—		—		306		306
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	869	$	869

Assets of U.S. retiree health care plan:
Fixed income securities and cash equivalents	$	59	$	—	$	—	$	155	$	214
Equity securities		—		—		—		116		116
Total	$	59	$	—	$	—	$	271	$	330

Assets of non-U.S. defined benefit plans:
Fixed income securities and cash equivalents	$	47	$	139	$	—	$	1,602	$	1,788
Equity securities		33		1		—		588		622
Total	$	80	$	140	$	—	$	2,190	$	2,410

(a)Consists of bond index and equity index funds, measured at net asset value per share, as well as cash equivalents.

	December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Other (a)		Total
Assets of U.S. defined benefit plan:
Fixed income securities and cash equivalents	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	654	$	654
Equity securities		—		—		—		341		341
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	995	$	995

Assets of U.S. retiree health care plan:
Fixed income securities and cash equivalents	$	132	$	2	$	—	$	111	$	245
Equity securities		—		—		—		149		149
Total	$	132	$	2	$	—	$	260	$	394

Assets of non-U.S. defined benefit plans:
Fixed income securities and cash equivalents	$	16	$	183	$	—	$	1,646	$	1,845
Equity securities		7		23		—		717		747
Other		—		—		1		—		1
Total	$	23	$	206	$	1	$	2,363	$	2,593

(a)	Consists of bond index and equity index funds, measured at net asset value per share, as well as cash equivalents.

The target allocation ranges for the plans that hold a substantial majority of the defined benefit assets are as follows:

	U.S. Defined	U.S. Retiree	Non-U.S.
	Benefit	Health Care	Defined Benefit
Fixed income securities and cash equivalents	65%	55% - 65%	60% - 100%
Equity securities	35%	35% - 45%	0% - 40%

Weighted average asset allocations as of December 31 are as follows:

	U.S. Defined		U.S. Retiree		Non-U.S. Defined
	Benefit		Health Care		Benefit
	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017
Fixed income securities and cash equivalents	65%	66%	65%	62%	74%	71%
Equity securities	35%	34%	35%	38%	26%	29%

Schedule of Assumptions Used

Assumptions and investment policies

	U.S.		U.S. Retiree		Non-U.S.
	Defined Benefit		Health Care		Defined Benefit
	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
Discount rate	4.37%	3.75%	4.30%	3.63%	1.85%	1.84%
Long-term pay progression	3.30%	3.30%	n/a	n/a	2.96%	2.96%

Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount rate	3.77%	4.21%	3.63%	4.08%	1.84%	1.76%
Long-term rate of return on plan assets	4.80%	4.30%	4.10%	4.10%	2.58%	2.60%
Long-term pay progression	3.30%	3.30%	n/a	n/a	2.96%	3.11%

Schedule of Assumed Future Benefit Payments

The following assumed future benefit payments to plan participants in the next 10 years are used to measure our benefit obligations. Almost all of the payments, which may vary significantly from these assumptions, will be made from plan assets and not from company assets.

	U.S. Defined		U.S. Retiree		Non-U.S.
	Benefit		Health Care		Defined Benefit
2019	$	78	$	32	$	88
2020		105		31		90
2021		77		30		92
2022		79		29		95
2023		85		28		95
2024 – 2028		428		124		510

Schedule of Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates for U.S Retiree Health Care Benefit Plan

Assumed health care cost trend rates for the U.S. retiree health care benefit plan as of December 31 are as follows:

	2018			2017
Assumed health care cost trend rate for next year		7.25	%		7.50	%
Ultimate trend rate		5.00	%		5.00	%
Year in which ultimate trend rate is reached		2028			2028