Income taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income before income taxes

Income before Income Taxes

	U.S.		Non-U.S.		Total
2015	$	3,218	$	998	$	4,216
2014		2,684		1,190		3,874
2013		1,507		1,247		2,754

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

	U.S. Federal			Non-U.S.		U.S. State		Total
2015
Current	$	1,110		$	168	$	7	$	1,285
Deferred		(72	)		14		3		(55	)
Total	$	1,038		$	182	$	10	$	1,230
2014
Current	$	911		$	194	$	9	$	1,114
Deferred		(73	)		11		1		(61	)
Total	$	838		$	205	$	10	$	1,053
2013
Current	$	291		$	247	$	4	$	542
Deferred		17			33		—		50
Total	$	308		$	280	$	4	$	592

Principal reconciling items from income tax computed at statutory federal rate

Principal reconciling items from income tax computed at the statutory federal rate follow:

	For Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Computed tax at statutory rate	$	1,476		$	1,356		$	964
Non-U.S. effective tax rates		(167	)		(212	)		(156	)
U.S. tax benefit for manufacturing		(69	)		(51	)		(66	)
U.S. R&D tax credit		(56	)		(59	)		(129	)
Non-deductible expenses		13			6			13
Impact of changes to uncertain tax positions		8			3			(14	)
Other		25			10			(20	)
Total provision for income taxes	$	1,230		$	1,053		$	592

Primary components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities

The primary components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows:

	December 31,
	2015			2014
Deferred income tax assets:
Stock-based compensation	$	244		$	229
Deferred loss and tax credit carryforwards		226			289
Accrued expenses		215			246
Inventories and related reserves		147			156
Retirement costs for defined benefit and retiree health care		87			80
Other		101			87
Total deferred income tax assets, before valuation allowance		1,020			1,087
Valuation allowance		(186	)		(195	)
Total deferred income tax assets, after valuation allowance		834			892
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Acquisition-related intangibles and fair-value adjustments		(565	)		(672	)
International earnings		(105	)		(104	)
Total deferred income tax liabilities		(670	)		(776	)
Net deferred income tax asset	$	164		$	116

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities presentation on the Balance sheet

The deferred income tax assets and liabilities based on tax jurisdictions are presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:

	December 31,
	2015			2014
Noncurrent deferred income tax assets	$	201		$	180
Noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities		(37	)		(64	)
Net deferred income tax asset	$	164		$	116

The effect of applying the new standard, as shown in the following table, is the result of netting Current deferred income tax assets with Noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities, by tax jurisdiction. See Note 2 for additional information.

	2014 As Reported			Effect of Applying New Standard			2014 As Adjusted
Current deferred income tax assets	$	347		$	(347	)	$	—
Noncurrent deferred income tax assets		172			8			180
Current deferred income tax liabilities		(4	)		4			—
Noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities		(399	)		335			(64	)
Net deferred income tax asset	$	116		$	—		$	116

Summary of uncertain tax positions

The changes in the total amounts of uncertain tax positions are summarized as follows:

	2015			2014			2013
Balance, January 1	$	108		$	91		$	184
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		11			10			7
Additions for tax positions of prior years		3			52			19
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(21	)		(9	)		(10	)
Settlements with tax authorities		(17	)		(36	)		(96	)
Expiration of the statute of limitations for assessing taxes		—			—			(13	)
Balance, December 31	$	84		$	108		$	91
Interest income (expense) recognized in the year ended December 31	$	8		$	6		$	(10	)
Interest receivable (payable) as of December 31	$	9		$	—		$	(5	)