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Financial instruments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Financial Instruments Financial instruments
Foreign currency forward contracts
We use derivative instruments for risk management purposes. Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges are used to manage foreign currency transaction exposure. Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedges for accounting purposes are used to manage exposure related to near term foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. We enter into the non-designated foreign currency forward contracts for periods consistent with the currency exposures, which generally approximate one month. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized a gain of $4.1 million and a loss of $3.2 million, respectively, related to non-designated foreign currency forward contracts.
The total notional amount for all open foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $270.9 million and $234.1 million, respectively. The total notional amount for all open non-designated foreign currency forward contracts as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $168.6 million and $195.0 million, respectively. All open foreign currency forward contracts as of December 31, 2024 have durations of 12 months or less.
VI Business acquisition foreign exchange derivative contracts
In conjunction with our upcoming acquisition of the VI Business, we entered into foreign exchange derivative contracts with an aggregate notional value of €700 million to economically hedge against the foreign currency exposure associated with the cash consideration needed to complete the acquisition. See Note 20 for additional information.
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
During 2019, we entered into cross-currency swap agreements with five different financial institution counterparties to hedge against the effect of variability in the U.S. dollar to euro exchange rate (the "2019 Cross-currency swaps"). Under the terms of the cross-currency swap agreements, we notionally exchanged $250 million at an annual interest rate of 4.88% for €219.2 million at an annual interest rate of 2.46%. The swap agreements are designed as net investment hedges. On February 26, 2024, the agreements related to our 2019 Cross-currency swap with an original maturity date of March 4, 2024 were terminated resulting in $12.1 million in cash settlement proceeds.
On February 26, 2024, we executed two separate term cross-currency swap agreements set to expire on February 26, 2027 and February 28, 2029, respectively, to hedge against the effect of variability in the U.S. dollar to euro exchange rate. Each of the swap agreements had a notional principal amount of $250 million and was designated as a net investment hedge. On April 25, 2024, the cross-currency agreements executed in February 2024 were terminated in response to changes in market conditions, resulting in $0.4 million in a cash settlement payment, and we simultaneously executed two new separate term cross-currency swap agreements with the same expiration dates and notional values (together, the "2024 Cross-currency swap agreements"). The cross-currency swap agreements expiring in 2027 include five different financial institution counterparties and notionally exchanged $250 million at an annual interest rate of 4.25% for €233.4 million at an annual interest rate of 2.44%. The cross-currency swap agreements expiring in 2029 include four different financial institution counterparties and notionally exchanged $250 million at an annual interest rate of 4.25% for €233.4 million at an annual interest rate of 2.45%. Both of the 2024 Cross-currency swap agreements are designated as net investment hedges.
During 2023, we executed new cross-currency swap agreements with six different financial institution counterparties to hedge against the effect of variability in the U.S. dollar to euro exchange rate, ("the 2023 Cross-currency swaps"). Under the terms of the cross-currency swap agreements, we have notionally exchanged $500 million at an annual interest rate of 4.63% for €474.7 million at an annual interest rate of 3.05%. The swap agreements are designated as net investment hedges and expire on October 4, 2025.
Shortly after the execution of the 2023 Cross-currency swaps, we entered into a zero cost foreign exchange collar contract that aligns with the notional amount and expiration date of the 2023 Cross-currency swaps. We sold a put option with a lower strike price and bought a call option with a higher strike price to manage the foreign exchange risk related to the final settlement of the $500 million notional cross currency swaps. Upon the execution of the zero cost foreign exchange collar contract, we have de-designated the existing $500 million notional cross-currency swaps and re-designated the combined $500 million notional cross currency swaps and zero cost collar into a new hedging instrument. At re-designation, the existing $500 million notional cross-currency swaps were off-
market due to changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rates. The off-market value due to interest rates will be amortized ratably into earnings through October 2025 and the off-market value due to foreign exchange rates will remain in accumulated other comprehensive income until the underlying net investment is sold. The combined cross-currency swaps and zero cost collar has been designated as a net investment hedge for accounting purposes.
The swap agreements described above require an exchange of the notional amounts upon expiration or earlier termination of the agreements. We and the counterparties have agreed to effect the exchange through a net settlement.
The cross-currency swaps are marked to market at each reporting date and any changes in fair value are recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") while the accrued interest is recognized in interest expense in the statement of operations. The following table summarizes the foreign exchange gains and losses recognized within AOCI and the interest benefit recognized within interest expense related to cross currency swaps for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Foreign exchange gains (losses)
$28,387 $(24,210)
Interest benefit17,410 18,814 
Balance sheet presentation
The following table presents the locations in the consolidated balance sheets and fair value of derivative instruments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Asset derivatives:
Designated foreign currency forward contracts$5,780 $1,629 
Non-designated foreign currency forward contracts254 937 
Cross-currency interest rate swap15,972 16,883 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets22,006 19,449 
Cross-currency interest rate swap 5,409 — 
Other assets5,409 — 
Total asset derivatives$27,415 $19,449 
Liability derivatives:
Designated foreign currency forward contracts$3,078 $1,866 
Non-designated foreign currency forward contracts931 1,340 
Cross-currency interest rate swap9,575 — 
Other current liabilities13,584 3,206 
Cross-currency interest rate swap— 32,097 
Other liabilities— 32,097 
Total liability derivatives$13,584 $35,303 
See Note 13 for information on the location and amount of gains and losses attributable to derivatives that were reclassified from AOCI to expense (income), net of tax.
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, there was no ineffectiveness related to our hedging derivatives.