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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes INCOME TAXES
The Company’s provision for income taxes during the interim reporting periods has historically been calculated by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full year to “ordinary” income or loss (pre-tax income or loss excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items) for the reporting period. The Company utilized a discrete effective tax rate method, as allowed by ASC 740-270 “Income Taxes—Interim Reporting,” to calculate taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. The Company determined that because there is a high degree of uncertainty in estimating annual pretax earnings, the historical method would not provide a reliable estimate for tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company's income tax expense was $708,000 compared to $313,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Effective tax rates were 234% and 27% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had income tax receivables of $676,000. The Company classifies interest and penalties incurred on tax payments as income tax expense.
Although the Company had a net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized income tax expense primarily as a result of permanent differences related to Section 162(m) limitations and discrete tax expense associated with stock compensation. The Section 162(m) limitations occurred as a result of changes in tax law arising from the 2017 Tax Cuts Jobs Act, which did not impact the Company until this year. The discrete item was triggered when stock grants were issued to participants at a price less than the original grant price, causing a deferred tax shortfall. The shortfall recognized during the quarter represents the reversal of excess deferred tax assets recognized in prior periods. The recognition of the shortfall is not anticipated to have an impact on the Company's current income tax payable.