sup-10k_20201231.htm

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s $0.01 par value common equity held by non-affiliates as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second quarter was $43,506,281, based on a closing price of $1.70. On February 26, 2021, there were 25,591,930 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. We have included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (including in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”) and from time to time our management may make statements that may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements are based upon management’s current expectations, estimates, assumptions and beliefs concerning future events and conditions and may discuss, among other things, anticipated future performance (including sales and earnings), expected growth, future business plans and costs, potential liability for environmental-related matters, and the impact of COVID-19 on our future business, results, operations and prospects. Any statement that is not historical in nature is a forward-looking statement and may be identified by the use of words and phrases such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “will,” “will likely result,” “will continue,” “plans to,” “could,” “continue,” “approximately,” “forecast,” “estimates,” “pursue” and similar expressions. These statements include our belief regarding general automotive industry and market conditions and growth rates, as well as general domestic and international economic conditions.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are necessarily subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside the control of the Company, which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements and from the Company’s historical results and experience. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, those described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and Part II - Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and elsewhere in the Annual Report and those described from time to time in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Readers are cautioned that it is not possible to predict or identify all of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that may affect future results and that the risks described herein should not be considered to be a complete list. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Superior Industries International, Inc.’s (referred to herein as the “Company,” “Superior,” or “we” and “our”) principal business is the design and manufacture of aluminum wheels for sale to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in North America and Europe and to the aftermarket in Europe. We employ approximately 7,600 full-time employees, operating in eight manufacturing facilities in North America and Europe with a combined annual manufacturing capacity of approximately 20 million wheels. We are one of the largest aluminum wheel suppliers to global OEMs and we believe we are the #1 European aluminum wheel aftermarket manufacturer and supplier. Our OEM aluminum wheels accounted for approximately 91 percent of our sales in 2020 and are primarily sold for factory installation on vehicle models manufactured by BMW (including Mini), Daimler Group (Mercedes-Benz, AMG, Smart), FCA, Ford, GM, Honda, Jaguar-Land Rover, Mazda, Nissan, PSA, Renault, Subaru, Suzuki, Toyota, VW Group (Volkswagen, Audi, SEAT, Skoda, Porsche, Bentley) and Volvo. We also sell aluminum wheels to the European aftermarket under the brands ATS, RIAL, ALUTEC and ANZIO. North America and Europe represent the principal markets for our products, but we have a global presence and diversified customer base consisting of North American, European and Asian OEMs. We continue to deliver on our strategic plan to be one of the leading light vehicle aluminum wheel suppliers globally, delivering innovative wheel solutions to our customers.

Demand for our products is mainly driven by light-vehicle production levels in North America and Europe, as well as production levels at our key customers and take rates on vehicle wheel programs we serve. North American light-vehicle production in 2020 was 13.0 million vehicles, as compared to 16.3 million vehicles in 2019. In Europe, light vehicle production in 2020 was 13.6 million vehicles, as compared to 17.8 million vehicles in 2019. Industry production volumes in 2020 were adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of our customers’ wheel programs are awarded two to four years before actual production is scheduled to begin. Our purchase orders with OEMs are typically specific to a particular vehicle model. Each year, the automotive manufacturers introduce new models, update existing models and discontinue certain models. In this process, we may be selected as the supplier on a new model, we may continue as the supplier on an updated model or we may lose the supply contract for a new or updated model to a competitor.

We have proven our ability to be a consistent producer of high-quality aluminum wheels with the capability to meet our customers’ requirements regarding delivery, overall customer service, price, quality, and technology. We continually strive to enhance our relationships with our customers through continuous improvement programs, not only through our manufacturing operations but in the engineering, design, development and quality areas as well.

GM, VW Group and Ford were our only customers individually accounting for 10 percent or more of our consolidated sales in 2020. Our sales to these customers in 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

	2020			2019
(Dollars in millions)	Percent of Sales	Dollars		Percent of Sales	Dollars
GM	24%	$	274.2	22%	$	295.0
VW Group	16%	$	175.8	13%	$	180.1
Ford	11%	$	125.0	15%	$	208.1

The loss of all or a substantial portion of our sales to these customers would have a significant adverse effect on our financial results. Refer to Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of this Annual Report.

The raw materials used in manufacturing our products are readily available and are obtained through numerous suppliers with whom we have established trade relationships. Aluminum accounted for the vast majority of our total raw material requirements during 2020. Our aluminum requirements are met through purchase orders with major global producers. During 2020, we successfully secured aluminum commitments from our primary suppliers sufficient to meet our production requirements, and we anticipate being able to source aluminum requirements to meet our expected level of production in 2021.

When market conditions warrant, we may also enter into purchase commitments to secure the supply of certain other commodities used in the manufacture of our products, such as natural gas, electricity and other raw materials.

We establish price adjustment clauses with our OEM customers to minimize the aluminum price risk. In the aftermarket business, we use derivatives to hedge price variability on our aluminum purchases.

We manufacture the majority of our North American products in Mexico for sale in the United States, Canada and Mexico. Net sales of wheels of our Mexico operations in 2020 totaled $522.2 million and represented 94.9 percent of our total net sales in North America as compared to $599.8 million and 85.2 percent in 2019. Net property, plant and equipment used in our operations in Mexico totaled $212.8 million at December 31, 2020 and $223.2 million at December 31, 2019. The overall cost for us to manufacture wheels in Mexico is currently lower than in the United States, due to lower labor costs as a result of lower prevailing wage rates.

Similarly, we manufacture the majority of our products for the European market in Poland, for sale throughout Europe. For the year ended December 31, 2020, net sales of wheels manufactured in Poland were $338.0 million and 61.4 percent of total net European sales, as compared to $422.4 million and 63.2 percent in 2019. Net property, plant and equipment used in our operations in Poland totaled $219.8 million at December 31, 2020 and $217.9 million at December 31, 2019. Similar to our Mexican operations, the overall cost to manufacture wheels in Poland is substantially lower than in both the United States and Germany at the present time due principally to lower labor costs.

We may enter into forward contracts, option contracts, swaps, collars or other derivative instruments to hedge the effect of foreign currency fluctuations on expected future cash flows and on certain existing assets and liabilities. In such cases, subsidiaries, whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar or the Euro, may hedge a portion of their forecasted foreign currency costs denominated in the Mexican Peso and Polish Zloty, respectively, in order to reduce the effect of fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates on our margins.

Competition in the market for aluminum wheels is based primarily on delivery, overall customer service, price, quality and technology. We currently supply 16.5 percent and 13.0 percent of the aluminum wheels installed on passenger cars and light-duty trucks in North America and Europe, respectively.

Competition is global in nature with a significant volume of exports from Asia into Europe and North America. There are several competitors with facilities in North America but we estimate that we have more than twice the North American production capacity of any competitor. Some of the key competitors in North America include Central Motor Wheel of America, CITIC Dicastal Co., Ltd., Prime Wheel Corporation, Enkei, Hands Corporation, and Ronal. Key European competitors include Ronal, Borbet, Maxion and CMS. We are the leading manufacturer of alloy wheels in the European aftermarket, where the competition is highly fragmented. Key competitors include Alcar, Brock, Borbet, ATU and Mak. Refer to Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of this Annual Report.

Steel and other types of wheels also compete with our products. According to Ward’s Automotive Group, the aluminum wheel penetration rate on passenger cars and light-duty trucks in North America was 89.6 percent for 2020 and 88.0 percent for the 2019 model year. Although similar industry data is not available for Europe, we estimate aluminum wheel penetration continues to marginally increase year-over-year with further opportunity to increase. Several factors can affect this rate including price, fuel economy requirements and styling preferences. Although aluminum wheels currently cost more than steel, aluminum is a lighter material than steel, which is desirable for both fuel and carbon dioxide efficiency and generally viewed as aesthetically superior to steel and, thus, more desirable to the OEMs and their customers.

Our policy is to continuously review, improve and develop our engineering capabilities to satisfy our customer requirements in the most efficient and cost-effective manner available. We strive to achieve this objective by attracting and retaining top engineering talent and by maintaining the latest state-of-the-art computer technology to support engineering development. Our engineering center located in Fayetteville, Arkansas, supports our research and development in North America. We also have a technical sales function at our corporate headquarters in Southfield, Michigan that maintains a complement of engineering staff located near some of our largest customers’ headquarters and engineering and purchasing offices. Research and development of our OEM and aftermarket wheels is performed in Germany

Safety standards in the manufacture of vehicles and automotive equipment have been established under the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, as amended. We believe that we are in compliance with all federal standards currently applicable to OEM suppliers and to automotive manufacturers.

Our manufacturing facilities, like most other manufacturing companies, are subject to solid waste, water and air pollution control standards mandated by federal, state and local laws. Violators of these laws are subject to fines and, in extreme cases, plant closure. We believe our facilities are in material compliance with all presently applicable standards. The cost of environmental compliance was approximately $1.3 million in 2020 and $0.7 million in 2019. We expect that future environmental compliance expenditures will approximate these levels and will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, climate change legislation or regulations restricting emission of “greenhouse gases” could result in increased operating costs and reduced demand for the vehicles that use our products. Refer to Item 1A, “Risk Factors - We are subject to various environmental laws” of this Annual Report.

As of December 31, 2020, we employed approximately 7,600 full-time employees and 1,400 contract employees, with 4,200 employees in North America and 3,400 employees in Europe.

We have aligned our executive management structure, organization and operations to focus on our performance in our North American and European regions. Financial information about our reporting segments is contained in Note 5, “Business Segments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report.

We were initially incorporated in Delaware in 1969. Our entry into the OEM aluminum wheel business in 1973 resulted from our successful development of manufacturing technology, quality control and quality assurance techniques that enabled us to satisfy the quality and volume requirements of the OEM market for aluminum wheels. The first aluminum wheel for a domestic OEM customer was a Mustang wheel for Ford. On May 30, 2017, we acquired a majority interest in UNIWHEELS, AG, which was a European supplier of OEM and aftermarket aluminum wheels. UNIWHEELS, AG was renamed in 2018 to Superior Industries Europe AG. Our stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “SUP.”

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and any amendments thereto are available, without charge, on or through our website, www.supind.com, under “Investor Relations,” as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Also included on our website, www.supind.com, under “Investor Relations,” is our Code of Conduct, which, among others, applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer. Copies of all SEC filings and our Code of Conduct are also available, without charge, upon request from Superior Industries International, Inc., Shareholder Relations, 26600 Telegraph Road, Suite 400, Southfield, Michigan 48033.

The SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information related to issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The content on any website referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following discussion of risk factors contains “forward-looking” statements, which may be important to understanding any statement in this Annual Report or elsewhere. The following information should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)” and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report.

Our business routinely encounters and addresses risks and uncertainties. Our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially adversely affected by the factors described below. Discussion about the important operational risks that our business encounters can also be found in the MD&A section and in the business description in Item 1, “Business” of this Annual Report. Below, we have described our present view of the most significant risks and uncertainties we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently do not consider significant, could also potentially impair our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Our reactions to these risks and uncertainties as well as our competitors’ and customers’ reactions will affect our future operating results.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted, and may continue to disrupt our business, which we expect will have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a widespread health crisis, resulting in an economic downturn and government imposed measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19. In Europe and North America (our primary markets), federal, state and local governments have either recommended or mandated actions to slow the transmission of COVID-19. Most U.S. states and most countries have been implementing shelter-in-place orders, quarantines, significant restrictions on travel, as well as work restrictions that prohibit non-essential employees from going to work. The impact of COVID-19 and uncertainty with respect to the economic effects of the pandemic has introduced significant volatility in the financial markets and is having a widespread adverse effect on the automotive industry. Specific risks to our Company associated with the COVID-19 pandemic include the following:

The ultimate impact that COVID-19 will have on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows will depend on a number of evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic; the impact of recent resurgences of COVID-19 cases in North America and Europe, the efficacy and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, governmental, OEMs’, suppliers’, customers’ and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic and the impact of the pandemic on economic activity and actions taken in response to such impact by the OEMs’ suppliers and customers.

The automotive industry is cyclical and volatility in the automotive industry could adversely affect our financial performance.

Predominantly, our sales are made to the European and U.S. automotive markets. Therefore, our financial performance depends largely on conditions in the European and U.S. automotive industry, which in turn can be affected significantly by broad economic and financial market conditions. Consumer demand for automobiles is subject to considerable volatility as a result of consumer confidence in general economic conditions, levels of employment, prevailing wages, fuel prices and the availability and cost of consumer credit, as well as changing consumer preferences. Demand for aluminum wheels can be further affected by other factors, including pricing and performance comparisons to competitive materials such as steel. Finally, the demand for our products is influenced by shifts of market share between vehicle manufacturers and the market penetration of the specific vehicle models being sold by our customers. Decreases in demand for automobiles in Europe and the United States could adversely affect the valuation of our productive assets, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We operate in a highly competitive industry and efforts by our competitors to gain market share could adversely affect our financial performance.

The global automotive component supply industry is highly competitive. Competition is based on a number of factors, including delivery, overall customer service, price, quality, technology and available capacity to meet customer demands. Some of our competitors are companies, or divisions or subsidiaries of companies, which are larger and have greater financial and other resources than we do. We cannot ensure that our products will be able to compete successfully with the products of these competitors. In particular, our ability to maintain or increase manufacturing capacity typically requires significant investments in facilities, equipment and personnel. Additionally, as a result of evolving customer requirements, we may incur labor costs at premium rates, experience increased maintenance expenses or have to replace our machinery and equipment on an accelerated basis. Furthermore, the nature of the markets in which we compete has attracted new entrants, particularly from low-cost countries. As a result, our sales levels and margins continue to be adversely affected by pricing pressures reflective of significant competition from producers located in low-cost foreign markets, such as China. Such competition with lower cost structures poses a significant threat to our ability to compete internationally and domestically. These factors have led to our customers awarding business to foreign competitors in the past, and they may continue to do so in the future. In addition, any of our competitors may foresee the course of market development more accurately, develop products that are superior to our products, have the ability to produce similar products at a lower cost or adapt more quickly to new technologies or evolving customer requirements. Consequently, our products may not be able to compete successfully with competitors’ products.

A limited number of customers represent a large percentage of our sales. The loss of a significant customer or decrease in demand could adversely affect our operating results.

GM, VW Group, Ford, Daimler Group, Volvo, BMW and Toyota, together, represented 82 percent in 2020 and 79 percent of our sales in 2019. Increasingly global procurement practices, the pace of new vehicle introduction and demand for price reductions may make it more difficult to maintain long-term supply arrangements with our customers, and there are no guarantees that we will be able to negotiate supply arrangements with our customers on terms acceptable to us in the future. The contracts we have entered into with most of our customers provide that we will manufacture wheels for a particular vehicle model, rather than manufacture a specific quantity of products. Such contracts range from one year to the life of the model (usually three to five years), typically are non-exclusive and do not require the purchase by the customer of any minimum number of wheels from us. Therefore, a significant decrease in consumer demand for certain key models or group of related models sold by any of our major customers, or a decision by a manufacturer not to purchase from us, or to discontinue purchasing from us, for a particular model or group of models, could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We may be unable to successfully launch new products and/or achieve technological advances which could adversely affect our ability to compete resulting in an adverse impact on our financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

In order to compete effectively in the global automotive component supply industry, we must be able to launch new products and adopt technology to meet our customers’ demands in a timely manner. However, we cannot ensure that we will be able to install and certify the equipment needed for new product programs in time for the start of production, or that the transitioning of our manufacturing facilities and resources under new product programs will not impact production rates or other operational efficiency measures at our facilities. In addition, we cannot ensure that our customers will execute the launch of their new product programs on schedule. We are also subject to the risks generally associated with new product introductions and applications, including lack of market acceptance, delays in product development and failure of products to operate properly. The global automotive industry is experiencing a period of significant technological change. As a result, the success of our business requires us to develop and/or incorporate leading technologies. Such technologies are subject to rapid obsolescence. Our inability to maintain access to these technologies (either through development or licensing) may adversely affect our ability to compete. If we are unable to differentiate our products, maintain a low-cost footprint or compete effectively with technology-focused new market entrants, we may lose market share or be forced to reduce prices, thereby lowering our margins. Any such occurrences could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Increases in the costs and restrictions on availability of raw materials could adversely affect our operating margins and cash flow.

Generally, we obtain our raw materials, supplies and energy requirements from various sources. Although we currently maintain alternative sources, our business is subject to the risk of price increases and periodic delays in delivery. Fluctuations in the prices of raw materials may be driven by the supply and demand for that commodity or governmental regulation, including trade laws and tariffs. In addition, if any of our suppliers seek bankruptcy relief or otherwise cannot continue their business as anticipated, the availability or price of raw materials could be adversely affected.

Although we are able to periodically pass certain aluminum cost increases on to our customers, we may not be able to pass along all changes in aluminum costs (e.g. for aftermarket), or there may be a delay in passing the aluminum costs onto our customers. Our customers are not obligated to accept energy or other supply cost increases that we may attempt to pass along to them. This inability to pass on these cost increases to our customers could adversely affect our operating margins and cash flows.

Aluminum and alloy pricing, and the timing of our receipt of payment from customers for aluminum price fluctuations, may have a material effect on our operating margins and cash flows.

The cost of aluminum is a significant component in the overall cost of our wheels and in our selling prices to customers. Customer prices are adjusted for fluctuations in aluminum prices based on changes in certain published market indices, but the timing of price adjustments is based on specific customer agreements and can vary from monthly to quarterly. As a result, the timing of aluminum price adjustments with customers flowing through sales rarely will match the timing of such changes in cost and can result in fluctuations to our gross profit. This is especially true during periods of frequent increases or decreases in the market price of aluminum.

The aluminum we use to manufacture wheels also contains additional alloy materials, including silicon. The cost of alloying materials is also a component of the overall cost of a wheel. The price of the alloys we purchase is also based on certain published market indices; however, most of our customer agreements do not provide price adjustments for changes in market prices of alloying materials. Increases or decreases in the market prices of these alloying materials could have a material effect on our operating margins and cash flows.

We experience continual pressure to reduce costs and if we are unable to generate sufficient cost reductions our revenues, operating margins and cash flows could be adversely affected.

The global vehicle market is highly competitive at the OEM level, which drives continual cost-cutting initiatives by our customers. Customer concentration, relative supplier fragmentation and product commoditization have translated into continual pressure from OEMs to reduce the price of our products. It is possible that pricing pressures beyond our expectations could intensify as OEMs pursue restructuring and cost-cutting initiatives. If we are unable to generate sufficient production cost savings in the future to offset such price reductions, our operating margins and cash flows could be adversely affected. In addition, changes in OEMs’ purchasing policies or payment practices could have an adverse effect on our business. Our OEM customers typically attempt to qualify more than one supplier for the vehicle programs we participate on and for programs we may bid on in the future. As such, our OEM customers are able to negotiate favorable pricing or may decrease wheel orders from us. Such actions may result in decreased sales volumes and unit price reductions for the Company, resulting in lower revenues, operating margins and cash flows.

We may be unable to successfully implement cost-saving measures or achieve expected benefits under our plans to improve operations which could negatively impact our financial position, results of operations and cash flow.

As part of our ongoing focus to provide high quality products, we continually analyze our business to further improve our operations and identify cost-cutting measures. We may be unable to successfully identify or implement plans targeting these initiatives or fail to realize the benefits of the plans we have already implemented, as a result of operational difficulties, a weakening of the economy or other factors. Cost reductions may not fully offset decreases in the prices of our products due to the time required to develop and implement cost reduction initiatives. Additional factors such as inconsistent customer ordering patterns, increasing product complexity and heightened quality standards are making it increasingly more difficult to reduce our costs. It is possible that the costs we incur to implement improvement strategies may negatively impact our financial position, results of operations and cash flow.

We may be unable to attract and retain key personnel, including our senior management team, which may adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualified managerial, operational, engineering, sales and marketing personnel. We face significant competition for these types of employees in our industry. We may be unsuccessful in attracting and retaining the personnel we require to conduct our operations successfully. In addition, key personnel may leave us and compete against us. Our success also depends, to a significant extent, on the continued service of our senior management team. During the last several years we have experienced significant turnover in our senior management members, additional losses of members of our senior management team or other experienced senior employees could impair our ability to execute our business plans and strategic initiatives, cause us to lose customers and experience lower revenues, or lead to employee morale problems and/or the loss of other key employees.

Purchase of additional shares of Superior Industries Europe AG (formerly UNIWHEELS, AG) may require a higher purchase price.

Superior executed a Domination and Profit Loss Transfer Agreement, “DPLTA”, which became effective in January 2018. According to the terms of the DPLTA, we offered to purchase any outstanding shares of UNIWHEELS, AG for cash consideration of €62.18 per share. The cash consideration paid to shareholders for shares tendered under the DPTLA may be subject to change based on appraisal proceedings that the minority shareholders of UNIWHEELS, AG have initiated.

We are from time to time subject to litigation, which could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

The nature of our business exposes us to litigation in the ordinary course of our business. We are exposed to potential product liability and warranty risks that are inherent in the design, manufacture and sale of automotive products, the failure of which could result in property damage, personal injury or death. Accordingly, individual or class action suits alleging product liability or warranty claims could result. Although we currently maintain what we believe to be suitable and adequate product liability insurance in excess of our self-insured amounts, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to maintain such insurance on acceptable terms or that such insurance will provide adequate protection against future liabilities. In addition, if any of our products prove to be defective, we may be required to participate in a recall. A successful claim brought against us in excess of available insurance coverage, if any, or a requirement to participate in any product recall, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Our business requires extensive product development activities to launch new products. Accordingly, there is a risk that wheels under development may not be ready by the start of production or may fail to meet the customer’s specifications. In any such case, warranty or compensation claims might be raised, or litigation might be commenced, against the Company.

Moreover, there are risks related to civil liability under our customer supply contracts (civil liability clauses in contracts with customers, contractual risks related to civil liability for causing delay in production launch, etc.). If we fail to ensure production launch as and when required by the customer, thus jeopardizing production processes at the customer’s facilities, this could lead to increased costs, giving rise to recourse claims against, or causing loss of orders by the Company. This could also have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

International trade agreements and our international operations make us vulnerable to risks associated with doing business in foreign countries that can affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We predominantly manufacture our products in Mexico, Germany and Poland and we sell our products internationally. Accordingly, unfavorable changes in foreign cost structures, trade protection laws, tariffs on aluminum or wheels, regulations and policies affecting trade and investments and social, political, labor or economic conditions in a specific country or region, among other factors, could have a negative effect on our business and results of operations. Legal and regulatory requirements differ among jurisdictions worldwide. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions, prohibitions on the conduct of our business and damage to our reputation. Although we have policies, controls and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws, our employees, contractors, or agents may violate our policies.

It remains unclear what the U.S. administration or foreign governments, including China, will or will not do with respect to tariffs or other international trade agreements and policies. The free trade agreement between the United States of America, the United Mexican States and Canada (the “USMCA”) was approved, ratified and became effective July 1, 2020. The USMCA includes several provisions relating to automobile manufacturing. One provision requires that automobiles must have 75 percent of their components manufactured in Mexico, the United States, or Canada by 2023 to qualify for zero tariffs (up from 62.5 percent under NAFTA). Another provision requires vehicle producers to certify that 40 percent to 45 percent of automobile parts are made by workers who earn $16 per hour by 2023. Although this requirement applies to vehicle producers, our workers in Mexico currently earn less than $16 per hour. As a result, we will be unable to assist the vehicle producers with meeting this requirement. Mexico has also agreed to pass new labor laws that are intended to make it easier for Mexican workers to unionize. As a result, the USMCA may increase our cost of manufacturing in Mexico which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The USMCA must be reviewed by the member countries every six years and sunsets in sixteen years.

A trade war, other governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements, changes in United States social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development and investment in the territories and countries where we currently manufacture and sell products, and any resulting negative sentiments towards the United States, these territories and countries as a result of such changes, likely would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The cost of manufacturing our products in Mexico, Germany and Poland may be affected by tariffs imposed by any of these countries or the United States, trade protection laws, policies and other regulations affecting trade and investments, social, political, labor, or general economic conditions. Other factors that can affect the business and financial results of our Mexican, German and Polish operations include, but are not limited to, changes in cost structures, currency effects of the Mexican Peso, Euro and Polish Zloty, availability and competency of personnel and developments in tax regulations.

There is a risk of discontinuation of the European Union (E.U.) anti-dumping duty from China which may increase the competitive pressure from Chinese producers, including in the aftermarket.

In 2010, the European Commission imposed provisional anti-dumping duties of 22.3 percent on imports of aluminum road wheels from China after a complaint of unfair competition from European manufacturers. The European Commission argued that the EU manufacturers had suffered a significant decrease in production and sales, and a loss of market share, as well as price depression due to cheaper imports from China. On January 23, 2017, the European Commission decided to maintain the anti-dumping duties (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/109) for another five-year period. The anti-dumping duties protect the EU producers until January 24, 2022. After this date, the competitive pressures from Chinese producers, which have cost advantages, may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We incur costs to comply with applicable environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in the ordinary course of our business. We cannot ensure that we have been or will be at all times in complete compliance with such laws and regulations. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could result in material fines or sanctions. Additionally, changes to such laws or regulations may have a significant impact on our cash flows, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to various foreign, federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, including those governing discharges into the air and water, the storage, handling and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, the remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by hazardous substances or wastes and the health and safety of our employees. The nature of our current and former operations and the history of industrial uses at some of our facilities expose us to the risk of liabilities or claims with respect to environmental and worker health and safety matters which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

Further, changes in legislation or regulation imposing reporting obligations on, or limiting emissions of greenhouse gases from, or otherwise impacting or limiting our equipment, operations, or the vehicles that use our products could adversely affect demand for those vehicles or require us to incur costs to become compliant with such regulations.

We do not expect to generate sufficient cash to repay all of our indebtedness (including the Term Loan Facility and Notes) by their respective maturity dates and we may be forced to take other actions to satisfy these obligations, which may not be successful. In addition, we may be unable to repay the redeemable preferred stock in the event the holder exercises its redemption rights.

The Company’s capital structure is heavily leveraged as a result of debt incurred in connection with the 2017 acquisition of our European business. At December 31, 2020, our capital structure consisted of:

The Company also had available unused commitments under its Revolving Credit Facility and European Senior Secured Credit Facility (“EUR SSCF”) of $228.5 million at December 31, 2020.

Our ability to make scheduled payments or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic, industry and competitive conditions and to certain other factors beyond our control. At the present time, we do not expect to generate sufficient cash to repay all principal due under our indebtedness, in full by the respective maturity dates, which will likely require us to refinance a portion or all of our outstanding debt. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt will depend on the condition of the capital and credit markets and our financial condition at such time. We might not be able to refinance the debt on satisfactory terms. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and associated transactions costs and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations and limit our financial flexibility. In addition, any failure to make payments of interest and principal on our outstanding indebtedness on a timely basis would likely result in a reduction of our credit ratings, which could harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness or issue equity, or to refinance all or portions of these obligations.

In the absence of sufficient cash flows, refinancing or adequate funds available under credit facilities, we could face substantial liquidity constraints and might be required to reduce or delay capital expenditures, seek additional capital, sell material assets or operations to attempt to meet our debt service and other obligations. The credit agreements governing the USD SSCF and EUR SSCF, taken together the Global Senior Secured Credit Facilities (“GSSCF”), and the Indenture for the Notes restrict our ability to conduct asset sales and/or use the proceeds from asset sales. We may not be able to consummate these asset sales to raise capital or sell assets at prices and on terms that we believe are fair, and any proceeds that we do receive may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. If we cannot meet our debt service obligations, the holders of our debt may accelerate our debt and, to the extent such debt is secured, foreclose on our assets. In such an event, we may not have sufficient assets to repay all of our debt.

Under the USD SSCF and EUR SSCF, we had available unused commitments of $155.2 million and $73.3 million (€59.6 million), respectively, as of December 31, 2020, which are critical to the Company’s ability to pay its operating obligations in a timely manner. The credit lines under the USD SSCF and EUR SSFC will mature on May 23, 2022 and May 22, 2022, respectively, which is prior to the maturities of our other outstanding debt. We might not be able to extend these credit lines beyond the current due dates or may only be able to extend them for smaller amounts. This in turn might reduce our ability to refinance our other outstanding debt or other obligations in future years. It might also cause the rating agencies to downgrade our credit ratings. Additionally, it might require us to hold more cash in our bank accounts to ensure our ability to pay our obligations in a timely manner, which in turn could reduce our ability to pay down debt or other obligations.

Under the Certificate of Designations for our redeemable preferred stock, the holders have redemption rights that allow them to force us to redeem the preferred stock either as a result of the occurrence of an early redemption event (a change in control, recapitalization, merger, sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets, liquidation or delisting of the Company’s common stock from the NYSE) or unconditionally on or after September 14, 2025. The redemption obligation of our redeemable preferred stock consists of a redemption price equal to the greater of 2.0 times the then current Stated Value (defined in the Certificate of Designations as $150.0 million, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends or dividends paid-in-kind), currently $300.0 million, or the product of the number of common shares into which the redeemable preferred stock could be converted (5.3 million shares currently) and the then current market price of our common stock. Under Delaware law, any redemption payment would be limited to the “surplus” that our Board determines is available to fund a full or partial redemption without rendering us insolvent. The shares of preferred stock that have not been redeemed would continue to receive a dividend of 9 percent per annum on the then current Stated Value, as defined in the Certificate of Designations, until such shares of preferred stock are redeemed. The Board would have to evaluate on an ongoing basis the ability of the Company to make further payments until the full redemption amount has been paid. A redemption payment, if required, for some or all of our outstanding shares of preferred stock would negatively impact our liquidity and could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our substantial indebtedness and the corresponding interest expense could adversely affect our financial condition

We have a significant amount of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2020, our total debt was $643.2 million ($631.6 million net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $11.6 million). Additionally, we had availability of $155.2 million under the USD SSCF, as well as $73.3 million (€59.6 million) under the EUR SSCF at December 31, 2020.

A significant portion of our cash flow from operations will be used to pay our interest expense and will not be available for other business purposes. We cannot be certain that our business will generate sufficient cash flow or that we will be able to enter into future financings that will provide sufficient proceeds to meet or pay the interest on our debt.

Subject to the limits contained in the credit agreements governing our GSSCF and the indenture governing the Notes (with outstanding principal balance of $266.9 million (€217.0 million) at December 31 2020) and our other debt instruments, we may be able to incur substantial additional debt from time to time to finance working capital, capital expenditures, investments or acquisitions, or for other purposes. If we do so, the risks related to our high level of debt could intensify.

In addition, the indenture covering the Notes (the “Indenture”) and the credit agreements governing the GSSCF and our other debt instruments contain restrictive covenants that among other things, could limit our ability to incur liens, engage in mergers and acquisitions, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of assets, make investments or acquisitions, redeem our capital stock or pay dividends. Our failure to comply with those covenants could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of the maturity of all of our debt.

A downgrade of our credit rating or a decrease of the prices of the Company’s common stock, the USD SSCF or the Notes could adversely impact our financial performance.

The Company, its USD SSCF, and the Notes, are rated by Standard and Poor’s and Moody’s. These ratings are widely followed by investors, customers, and suppliers, and a downgrade by one or both of these rating agencies might cause: suppliers to cancel our contracts, demand price increases, or decrease payment terms; customers to reduce their business activities with us; or investors to reconsider investments in financial instruments issued by Superior, all of which might cause a decrease of the price of our common stock, our Notes, or the price of the bilaterally traded Term Loan B which is a part of the USD SSCF.

A decrease in our common stock, Notes and/or Term Loan B prices, in turn, might accelerate such negative trends. A reduction in the price of the Notes and Term Loan B implies an increase of the yield debt investors demand to provide us with financing, which, in turn, would make it more difficult for us to refinance our existing debt, redeemable preferred stock obligations and/or future debt or redeemable preferred stock obligations.

The terms of the credit agreement governing the GSSCF, the Indenture, and other debt instruments, as well as the documents governing other debt that we may incur in the future, may restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes or to take certain actions.

The Indenture, the credit agreements governing the GSSCF and our other debt instruments, and the documents governing other debt that we may incur in the future, may contain a number of covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and may limit our ability to engage in acts that may be in our long-term best interests, including restrictions on our ability to:

In addition, the restrictive covenants in the credit agreement governing the GSSCF and other debt instruments require us to maintain specified financial ratios and satisfy other financial condition tests to the extent subject to certain financial covenant conditions. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control. We may not meet those ratios and tests.

A breach of the covenants or restrictions under the Indenture governing the Notes, under the credit agreement governing the GSSCF, or under other debt instruments could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such a default may allow the creditors under such facility to accelerate the related debt, which may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. In addition, an event of default under the credit agreement governing our GSSCF would permit the lenders under our revolving credit facilities to terminate all commitments to extend further credit under these facilities. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under the GSSCF or under other secured debt instruments, those lenders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. We have pledged substantially all of our assets as collateral under the GSSCF. In the event our lenders or holders of the Notes accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness or be able to borrow sufficient funds to refinance it. Even if we are able to obtain new financing, it may not be on commercially reasonable terms or on terms acceptable to us. As a result of these restrictions, we may be:

Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.

Borrowings under our GSSCF are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness will increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, would correspondingly decrease. As of December 31, 2020, approximately $349.2 million of our debt was variable rate debt. Our anticipated annual interest expense on $349.2 million variable rate debt at the current rate of 4.1 percent would be $14.3 million. We have entered into interest rate swaps exchanging floating for fixed rate interest payments in order to reduce interest rate volatility. As of December 31, 2020, we have executed interest rate swaps for $200.0 million, maturing $50 million September 30, 2022, and $150 million December 31, 2022. In the future, we may

again enter into interest rate swaps to reduce interest rate volatility. However, we may not maintain interest rate swaps with respect to all of our variable rate indebtedness, and any swaps we enter into may not fully mitigate our interest rate risk.

We may be adversely affected by changes in LIBOR reporting practices, the method in which LIBOR is determined or the use of alternative reference rates.

The interest rates under our USD SSCF are calculated using LIBOR. On July 27, 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced that it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021 and it is unclear whether new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established. ICE Benchmark Administration Limited (IBA), the administrator of LIBOR rates, had requested feedback by January 25, 2021 from the U.S. dollar LIBOR panel banks concerning the possibility of maintaining U.S. dollar LIBOR rates for certain tenors (one, three, six and twelve-month terms) through June 30, 2023. IBA is currently evaluating the feedback received and, at this time, no agreement has yet been reached regarding the extension of U.S. dollar LIBOR beyond December 31, 2021. If LIBOR ceases to exist, a comparable or successor reference rate as approved by the Administrative Agent under the USD SSCF will apply or such other reference rate as may be agreed by the Company and the lenders under the credit agreement governing the USD SSCF. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, is planning to replace U.S. dollar LIBOR with the secure overnight financing rate (SOFR), a newly created index, calculated based on repurchase agreements backed by treasury securities. It is not possible to predict the effect of these changes, other reforms or the establishment of alternative reference rates in the United Kingdom, the United States or elsewhere. To the extent these interest rates increase, our interest expense will increase, which could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

A delisting of our common stock from the NYSE could reduce the liquidity and market price of our common stock; reduce the number of investors and analysts that cover our common stock; limit our ability to issue additional shares, and damage our reputation which could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, a delisting of our common stock from the NYSE could cause a redemption of some or all of our outstanding redeemable preferred stock which would negatively impact our liquidity.

We are required under the NYSE continued listing standards to maintain a market capitalization of at least $50 million, over a consecutive 30 trading-day period, or maintain stockholders’ equity of at least $50 million. As of March 31, 2020, our market capitalization was less than $50 million over a consecutive 30-day trading period and our stockholders’ equity was less than the minimum threshold. As a result, on June 5, 2020, the NYSE sent us a formal notification that we were not in compliance with the NYSE continued listing standards. In response, on July 20, 2020, we submitted a remediation plan to the NYSE and on September 8, 2020 we publicly announced that our remediation plan had been accepted by the NYSE. The cure period effectively began on July 1, 2020 and will end on January 1, 2022, unless the Company earlier surpasses the $50 million market capitalization threshold for a period of six consecutive months at which point the Company would be in full compliance. In the event we are unable to cure the deficiency during the 18-month period, our stock may be delisted from the NYSE.

A delisting of our common stock could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition by, among other things:

In addition, the holder of our redeemable preferred stock has the right to redeem all of the outstanding shares of redeemable preferred stock if our common stock is delisted from the NYSE. If we are delisted from the NYSE and the holder exercises its right to redeem all of the outstanding shares of redeemable preferred stock, we would be required to: (1) increase the then carrying value of the redeemable preferred stock to the $300 million redemption value through a corresponding charge (decrease) to our retained earnings, and (2) make a redemption payment in any amount up to $300 million if our Board determined, under Delaware law, that there was a “surplus” to fund a full or partial redemption and such payment would not render us insolvent. The shares of preferred stock that have not been redeemed would continue to receive a dividend of 9 percent per annum on the Stated Value (defined in the Certificate of Designations as $150.0 million, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends or dividends paid-in-kind), currently $150.0 million, until such shares of preferred stock are redeemed. A redemption payment, if required, for some or all of our outstanding shares of preferred stock would negatively impact our liquidity and could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are a U.S.-based multinational company subject to tax in multiple U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our global provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets or liabilities and in evaluating our tax positions on a worldwide basis. While we believe our tax positions are consistent with the tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we conduct our business, it is possible that these positions may be overturned by jurisdictional tax authorities, which may have a significant impact on our global provision for income taxes. Tax laws are dynamic and subject to change as new laws are passed and new interpretations of the law are issued or applied. We are also subject to ongoing tax audits. These audits can involve complex issues, which may require an extended period of time to resolve and can be highly subjective. Tax authorities may disagree with certain tax reporting positions taken by us and, as a result, assess additional taxes against us. We regularly assess the likely outcomes of these audits in order to determine the appropriateness of our tax provision.

In addition, governmental tax authorities are increasingly scrutinizing the tax positions of companies. Many countries in the European Union, as well as a number of other countries and organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, are actively considering changes to existing tax laws that, if enacted, could increase our tax obligations in countries where we do business. The impact of tax law changes could result in an overall tax rate increase to our business.

We may fail to comply with conditions of the state tax incentive programs in Poland.

The Company carries out its business activity in Poland in the area of Tarnobrzeg Special Economic Zone “Euro-Park Wislosan,” sub-zone of Stalowa Wola, Poland which provides various state income tax incentives under certain conditions. The Company conducts its business activity pursuant to permits that stipulate production, trade, and service activities relating to products and services manufactured/provided in the zone. These activities include processing of metals and applying coating on metals, tools, other finished metal products, machines for metallurgy, other parts and accessories for motor vehicles, excluding motorcycles, as well as services relating to recovery of segregated materials and recycled materials. The permits require certain conditions to be met, which include increasing the number of employees, keeping the number of employees at such level and incurring certain levels of capital expenditures. In addition, particular permits indicate deadlines for completion of respective stages of investments.

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 5 permits that are effective until 2026, and we believe all conditions of the permits have been met. As of December 31, 2020, the Company utilized Polish Zloty 139.3 million of the zone-related credit and the total amount of the remaining eligible credit available to the Company amounted to Polish Zloty 50.0 million. In the event of failure to satisfy the permit conditions, the Company must reimburse the utilized public aid received together with interest which may have a material negative impact on our assets, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Tax settlements and other areas of activity subject to specific regulations (e.g. customs or FX issues) may be inspected by administrative bodies which are entitled to impose penalties and sanctions. Tax regulations in Poland are dynamic and subject to varying interpretations, both inside state authorities and between state authorities and enterprises, which can result in a lack of clarity and consistent application. As a result, tax risks in Poland are higher than in countries with a more developed tax system. Tax settlements may be subject to inspections for five years from the end of the year in which the tax has been paid. Consequently, the Company may be subject to additional material tax liabilities, based on the result of these tax audits.

We are currently unable to fully deduct interest charges on German and US indebtedness.

The interest deduction barriers under German tax law (Zinsschranke) and US tax law limit the tax deductibility of interest expenses. If no exception to these limits apply, the net interest expense (interest expense less interest income) is deductible up to 30 percent of the EBITDA taxable in Germany and the US, respectively, in a given financial year. Non-deductible interest expenses can be carried forward. Interest carry-forwards are subject to the same tax cancellation rules as tax loss carry-forwards. Whenever interest expenses are not deductible or if an interest carry-forward is lost, the tax burden in future assessment periods could rise, which might have alone, or in combination, a material adverse effect on our assets, financial condition, results of operation or cash flows.

We may be exposed to risks related to existing and future profit and loss transfer agreements executed with German subsidiaries of our European operations.

Profit and loss transfer agreements are one of the prerequisites of the taxation of Superior and its German subsidiaries as a German tax group. For tax purposes, a profit and loss transfer agreement must have a contract term for a minimum of five years. In addition, such agreement must be fully executed. If a profit and loss transfer agreement or its actual execution does not meet the prerequisites for taxation as a German tax group, Superior Industries International Germany GmbH (“SII Germany”), formerly known as Superior Industries International AG, and each subsidiary are taxed on their own income (and under certain circumstances even with retrospective effect). Additionally, 5 percent of dividends from the subsidiary to SII Germany, or other Superior European controlling entities within the European Union would be regarded as non-deductible expenses at the SII Germany level, or level of other Superior European controlling entities. Furthermore, the compensation of a loss of a subsidiary would be regarded as a contribution by SII

Germany into the subsidiary and thus, would not directly reduce SII Germany’s profits. As a consequence, if the profit and loss transfer agreements do not meet the prerequisites of a German tax group, this could have a future material adverse effect on our assets, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Fluctuations in foreign currencies and commodity and energy prices may adversely impact our financial results.

Due to our operations outside of the United States, we experience exposure to foreign currency gains and losses in the ordinary course of our business. We settle transactions between currencies (i.e. U.S. dollar to Mexican Peso, Euro to U.S. dollar, U.S. dollar to Euro and Euro to Polish Zloty.) To the extent possible, we attempt to match the timing and magnitude of transaction settlements between currencies to create a “natural hedge.” Based on our current business model and levels of production and sales activity, the net imbalance between currencies depends on specific circumstances. While changes in the terms of the contracts with our customers will create an imbalance between currencies that we hedge with foreign currency forward or option contracts, there can be no assurances that our hedging program will effectively offset the impact of the imbalance between currencies or that the net transaction balance will not change significantly in the future.

Additionally, we are exposed to commodity and energy price risks due to significant aluminum raw material requirements and the energy intensive nature of our operations. Natural gas and electricity prices are subject a to large number of variables that are outside of our control. We use financial derivatives and fixed-price agreements with suppliers to reduce the effect of any volatility on our financial results.

The foreign currency forward or option contracts, the natural gas forward contracts, and the fixed-price agreements we enter into with financial institutions and suppliers are designed to protect against foreign exchange risks and price risks associated with certain existing assets and liabilities, certain firmly committed transactions and forecasted future cash flows. We have a program to hedge a significant portion of our foreign exchange or commodity and energy price exposures, typically for up to 48 months. However, we may choose not to hedge certain foreign exchange or commodity or energy price exposures for a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, accounting considerations, the prohibitive economic cost of hedging particular exposures, or our inability to identify willing counterparties. There is no guarantee that our hedge program will effectively mitigate our exposures to foreign exchange and commodity and energy price changes which could have material adverse effects on our cash flows and results of operations.

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may also affect the USD value of assets and liabilities of our foreign operations, as well as assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies such as the Euro, and may adversely affect reported earnings and, accordingly, the comparability of period-to-period results of operations. Changes in currency exchange rates or commodity and energy prices may affect the relative prices at which we and our foreign competitors sell products in the same market. In addition, changes in the value of the relevant currencies or commodities and energy prices may affect the cost of certain items required in our operations. We cannot ensure that fluctuations in exchange rates or commodities and energy prices will not otherwise have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations or cause significant fluctuations in quarterly and annual results of operations.

A disruption in our information technology systems, including a disruption related to cybersecurity, could adversely affect our financial condition and financial performance.

We rely on the accuracy, capacity and security of our information technology systems. Despite the security measures that we have implemented, including those measures related to cybersecurity, our systems, as well as those of our customers, suppliers and other service providers could be breached or damaged by computer viruses, malware, phishing attacks, denial-of-service attacks, natural or man-made incidents or disasters or unauthorized physical or electronic access. These types of incidents have become more prevalent and pervasive across industries, including in our industry, and are expected to continue in the future. A breach could result in business disruption, theft of our intellectual property, trade secrets or customer information and unauthorized access to personnel information. Although cybersecurity and the continued development and enhancement of our controls, processes, practices and training designed to protect our information technology systems from attack, damage or unauthorized access are a high priority for us, our activities and investment may not be deployed quickly enough or successfully protect our systems against all vulnerabilities, including technologies developed to bypass our security measures. In addition, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers to disclose access credentials or other sensitive information in order to gain access to our secure systems and networks. There are no assurances that our actions and investments to improve the maturity of our systems, processes and risk management framework or remediate vulnerabilities will be sufficient or completed quickly enough to prevent or limit the impact of any cyber intrusion. Moreover, because the techniques used to gain access to or sabotage systems often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate the methods necessary to defend against these types of attacks and we cannot predict the extent, frequency or impact these problems may have on us. To the extent that our business is interrupted or data is lost, destroyed or inappropriately used or disclosed, such disruptions could adversely affect our competitive position, relationships with our customers,

financial condition, operating results and cash flows. In addition, we may be required to incur significant costs to protect against the damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future.

We are also dependent on security measures that some of our third-party customers, suppliers and other service providers take to protect their own systems and infrastructures. Some of these third parties store or have access to certain of our sensitive data, as well as confidential information about their own operations, and as such are subject to their own cybersecurity threats. Any security breach of any of these third-parties’ systems could result in unauthorized access to our information technology systems, cause us to be non-compliant with applicable laws or regulations, subject us to legal claims or proceedings, disrupt our operations, damage our reputation, and cause a loss of confidence in our products and services, any of which could adversely affect our financial performance.

Competitors could copy our products or technologies and we could violate protected intellectual property rights or trade secrets of our competitors or other third parties.

We register business-related intellectual property rights, such as industrial designs and trademarks, hold licenses and other agreements covering the use of intellectual property rights, and have taken steps to ensure that our trade secrets and technological know-how remain confidential. Nevertheless, there is a risk that third parties would attempt to copy, in full or in part, our products, technologies or industrial designs, or to obtain unauthorized access and use of Company secrets, technological know-how or other protected intellectual property rights. Also, other companies could successfully develop technologies, products or industrial designs similar to ours, and thus potentially compete with us.

Further, there can be no assurance that we will not unknowingly infringe intellectual property rights of our competitors, such as patents and industrial designs, especially due to the fact that the interpretations of what constitutes protected intellectual property may differ. Similarly, there is a risk that we will illegitimately use intellectual property developed by our employees, which is subject in each case to relevant regulations governing employee-created innovations. If a dispute concerning intellectual property rights arises, in which the relevant court issues an opinion on the disputed intellectual property rights contrary to us, identifying a breach of intellectual property rights, we may be required to pay substantial damages or to stop the use of such intellectual property. In addition, we are exposed to the risk of injunctions being imposed to prevent further infringement, leading to a decrease in the number of customer orders.

All these events could have a material adverse effect on our assets, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Our worldwide headquarters is located in Southfield, Michigan. In our North American operations, we maintain and operate four facilities that manufacture aluminum wheels for the automotive industry including our facility for finishing wheels with physical vapor deposition. These facilities are located in Chihuahua, Mexico. These manufacturing facilities currently encompass approximately two million square feet of manufacturing space. We own all of our manufacturing facilities in North America, and we lease our worldwide headquarters located in Southfield, Michigan. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company initiated a plan to significantly reduce production and manufacturing operations at its Fayetteville, Arkansas, location. As of December 31, 2020, we are continuing to use the Arkansas facility for research and development activities and service wheel storage.

Our European operations include five locations. The European headquarters is situated in Bad Dürkheim, Germany which includes our European management, sales and distribution functions, as well as the logistics center and warehouse for the aftermarket business. The largest of European production facilities is in Stalowa Wola, Poland, which consists of 3 plants. The newest plant in Poland was put into operation in the beginning of June 2016. Another production facility is situated in Werdohl, Germany, where most development work is performed. Our Fußgönheim location, Germany, near the Bad Dürkheim offices, had historically been used to manufacture motor sport and forged wheels. We discontinued manufacturing of motor sport and forged wheels in Fußgönheim at the end of the third quarter of 2020. The European locations also include a location in Lüdenscheid, Germany. Our European production facilities encompass approximately 1.5 million square feet. We own all of our manufacturing facilities in Europe, and we lease our European headquarters located in Bad Dürkheim, Germany.

In general, our manufacturing facilities, which have been constructed at various times, are in good operating condition and are adequate to meet our current production capacity requirements. There are active maintenance programs to keep these facilities in good condition, and we have an active capital spending program to replace equipment as needed to maintain factory reliability and remain technologically competitive on a worldwide basis.

Additionally, reference is made to Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” Note 8, “Property, Plant and Equipment” and Note 15 “Leases,” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report.

We are party to various legal and environmental proceedings incidental to our business. Certain claims, suits and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business have been filed or are pending against us. Based on facts now known, we believe all such matters are adequately provided for, covered by insurance, are without merit, and/or involve such amounts that would not materially adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position. Refer to under Item 1A, “Risk Factors - We are from time to time subject to litigation, which could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows” of this Annual Report.

Information regarding executive officers who are also Directors is contained in our 2021 Proxy Statement under the caption “Election of Directors.” Such information is incorporated into Part III, Item 10, “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.” All executive officers are appointed annually by the Board of Directors and serve at the will of the Board of Directors. The following table sets forth the names, ages and positions of our executive officers.

Name	Age	Position

Majdi B. Abulaban Kevin Burke Michael Dorah Joanne M. Finnorn	57 53 55 56	President and Chief Executive Officer Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer Senior Vice President and North American President Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
Michael J. Hatzfeld Jr.	48	Vice President of Finance and Corporate Controller
Parveen Kakar	54	Senior Vice President of Sales, Marketing and Product Development
Andreas Meyer C. Timothy Trenary	55 64	Senior Vice President, President, Europe Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Set forth below is a description of the business experience of each of our executive officers.


Majdi B. Abulaban	Mr. Abulaban is the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, a position he has held since May 2019. Mr. Abulaban was previously employed by Aptiv PLC (formerly Delphi Automotive) (NYSE: APTV) (“Aptiv”), a technology company that develops safer, greener and more connected solutions for a diverse array of global customers, from 1985 to April 2019, most recently as Senior Vice President and Group President, Global Signal and Power Solutions Segment from January 2017 to April 2019. From February 2012 to January 2017, Mr. Abulaban served as the Senior Vice President and Group President, Global Electrical and Electronic Architecture Segment and President of Aptiv Asia Pacific. Prior to that, Mr. Abulaban held various business unit leadership positions with Delphi in China, Singapore and the United States. Mr. Abulaban is currently a member of the Board of Directors of SPX FLOW, Inc. (NYSE: FLOW), a global supplier of highly specialized, engineered solutions. Mr. Abulaban holds a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Pittsburgh and a Master of Business Administration from the Weatherhead School of Management at Case Western Reserve University.

Kevin Burke	Mr. Burke is the Company’s Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer, a position he has held since October 2019. He joined Superior from Valeo North America, a Tier One auto supplier and technology company, where he was Head of Human Resources – North America since March 2018, with responsibility for all human resources across the United States, Mexico and Canada. From 2015 to 2017, he was at Lear Corporation, a Tier One auto supplier, as Vice President of Human Resources – Asia Pacific based in Shanghai, China. From 2013 to 2015, Mr. Burke was the Chief Human Resources Officer for ITC Holdings, an independent electric transmission company. Prior to that, he held various HR leadership positions with General Mills, Pulte Homes and Dow Corning Corporation. Mr. Burke earned a Bachelor of Arts in Communication and a Master of Labor & Industrial Relations from Michigan State University, as well as a Master of Business Administration from Northwestern University’s Kellogg School.
Michael Dorah	Mr. Dorah is the Company’s Senior Vice President and North American President, a position he has held since January 11, 2021. Mr. Dorah was previously the Senior Vice President, Manufacturing Systems of Delphi Technologies, Plc. (NYSE;DLPH), a global commercial vehicle parts supplier, from 2019 to 2020. Prior to that, he served as Vice President of Operations of Chassix, Inc, a global supplier of precision casting and machining solutions for the automotive industry from 2016-2019. Mr. Dorah also served as Chassix’s General Manager, Chassix, Brazil from 2012 to 2016. Prior to that, Mr. Dorah was the Vice President and General Manager, Brazil for Acument Global Technologies, Inc., a global manufacturer of screws, bolts, nuts and cold formed components for the automotive, industrial and aerospace industries from 2008 to 2010. He also served from 2008 to 2010 as Acument’s Vice President – Operations. Prior to that, Mr. Dorah held various positions with American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. (NYSE;AXL), a global Tier 1 supplier to the automotive industry, from 1996 to 2008 culminating in his position of Director, Purchasing and Global Supply Based Management from 2004 to 2008. Mr. Dorah holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Materials Engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology and a Master of Business Administration degree and Master of Science degree in Materials Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.


Joanne M. Finnorn	Ms. Finnorn is the Company’s Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary, a position she has held since September 2017. Previously, Ms. Finnorn served as the Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer of Amerisure Mutual Insurance Company from February 2016 to August 2017. From 2013 to January 2016, Ms. Finnorn served as General Counsel of HouseSetter LLC, a home monitoring company. Ms. Finnorn began her career as an attorney with General Motors in Detroit before taking the role of General Counsel for GMAC’s European Operations in Zurich, Switzerland. Ms. Finnorn also served as Vice President & General Counsel and Vice President, Subscriber Services for OnStar LLC. Ms. Finnorn obtained a Bachelor degree from Alma College and a Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School.

Michael J. Hatzfeld Jr.	Mr. Hatzfeld Jr. is the Company’s Vice President of Finance and Corporate Controller, a position he has held since December 2018. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Hatzfeld Jr. held various positions with General Motors Company since 2011, most recently as Controller, US Sales and Marketing Unit in 2018, Controller, Global Revenue Recognition Project from 2016 to 2017, Controller, Customer Care and Aftersales Units from 2014 to 2016 and Assistant Director, Corporate Reporting and Analysis from 2013 to 2014. Mr. Hatzfeld Jr. began his career in public accounting at Ernst & Young LLP. Mr. Hatzfeld Jr. holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Duquesne University. Mr. Hatzfeld Jr. is also a Certified Public Accountant.

Parveen Kakar	Mr. Kakar is the Company’s Senior Vice President of Sales, Marketing and Product Development, a position that he has held since September 2014. Mr. Kakar joined the Company in 1989 as the Director of Engineering Services and has held various positions at the Company since then. From July 2008 to September 2014, Mr. Kakar served as the Company’s Senior Vice President of Corporate Engineering and Product Development and from 2003 to 2008 as the Vice President of Program Development. Mr. Kakar holds a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College in India.

Andreas Meyer	Mr. Meyer is the Company’s Senior Vice President, President, Europe, a position he has held since November 2019. He was previously the Senior Vice President of Snop / Tower Automotive Holding GmbH, a first tier automotive supplier, from January 2017 to October 2019. Prior to that, he served as Tower’s Vice President of Operations from July 2015 to January 2017. From July 2013 to June 2015, Mr. Meyer was the Managing Director of Hörmann Automotive GmbH (“Hörmann”), a first tier automotive supplier. Mr. Meyer also served as Managing Director of Hörmann Automotive Components from October 2007 to June 2015. Mr. Meyer graduated from Helmut Schmidt University Hamburg with a degree in business management.
C. Timothy Trenary	Mr. Trenary is the Company’s Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, a position he has held since September 2020. Prior to joining Superior, Mr. Trenary was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Commercial Vehicle Group, Inc. (“CVG”) from 2013 to 2020. Previously, Mr. Trenary had served in several Chief Financial Officer roles, including ProBuild Holdings, LLC, EMCON Technologies Holdings Limited, and DURA Automotive Systems, Inc. In addition, he has previously served in various executive positions with both public and private companies. Mr. Trenary began his career in public accounting at Arthur Young & Co., now part of Ernst & Young, and holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Michigan State University and a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Detroit Mercy.

ITEM 5 - MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Superior Common Stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “SUP”. As of February 26, 2021, there were approximately 354 holders of record of our common stock.

As a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Company is not required to provide the information required by this item.

ITEM 7 - MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties. Please refer to the section entitled “Forward Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Annual Report immediately prior to Item 1. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including but not limited to those discussed in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Our principal business is the design and manufacture of aluminum wheels for sale to OEMs in North America and Europe and to the aftermarket in Europe. We employ approximately 7,600 full-time employees, operating in eight manufacturing facilities in North America and Europe with a combined annual manufacturing capacity of approximately 20 million wheels. We are one of the largest aluminum wheel suppliers to global OEMs and we believe we are the #1 European aluminum wheel aftermarket manufacturer and supplier. Our OEM aluminum wheels accounted for approximately 91 percent of our sales in 2020 and are primarily sold for factory installation on vehicle models manufactured by BMW (including Mini), Daimler Group (Mercedes-Benz, AMG, Smart), FCA, Ford, GM, Honda, Jaguar-Land Rover, Mazda, Nissan, PSA, Renault, Subaru, Suzuki, Toyota, VW Group (Volkswagen, Audi, SEAT, Skoda, Porsche, Bentley) and Volvo. We also sell aluminum wheels to the European aftermarket under the brands ATS, RIAL, ALUTEC and ANZIO. North America and Europe represent the principal markets for our products, but we have a global presence and diversified customer base consisting of North American, European and Asian OEMs.

Globally, we shipped 15.2 million units in 2020, down from 19.2 million in 2019, a 21.1 percent decrease, which was slightly better than overall industry volume trends. Demand for our products is mainly driven by light-vehicle production levels in North America and Europe, as well as production levels at our key customers and take rates on vehicle wheel programs we serve. North American light-vehicle production in 2020 was 13.0 million vehicles, as compared to 16.3 million vehicles in 2019. In Europe, the light vehicle production in 2020 was 13.6 million vehicles, as compared to 17.8 million vehicles in 2019. Industry production volumes in 2020 were adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and uncertainty with respect to the economic effects of the pandemic introduced significant volatility in the financial markets during the year ended December 31, 2020 and continues to have an adverse effect on the automotive industry, including reductions in consumer demand and OEM automotive production.

While navigating through this period of volatility and uncertainty, Superior’s top priorities have been:

To ensure the health and safety of our employees globally and respond to the current industry production environment, we closed production at our North American facilities in early April 2020 and our European facilities in late March 2020. The Company reopened all of its facilities by June 1, 2020, in line with production demand, finished goods levels, and in accordance with local government requirements.

Additionally, we developed and executed a Safe Work Playbook across our footprint. We also instituted a Global Employee Health & Safety (“EH&S”) Steering Team, led by our Director of EH&S, and comprised of our global and regional leaders from Operations and Human Resources. The EH&S Steering Team is responsible for ensuring the Safe Work Playbook leverages global best practices and coordinating the consistent and complete implementation of the policies across our global footprint, including all policies and protocols in compliance with local rules and regulations. We have invested in facility updates to ensure social distancing, including changes in cafeteria layout and practices, transportation services and marked spacing throughout our manufacturing facilities. We have established Personal Protective Equipment levels for each location, based on local requirements, and purchasing controls are in place to ensure adequate supplies. Extended preventative actions were introduced which include no travel without written approval, wearing face masks at all times at our plants, quick testing implementation at our plants, with increased and standard criteria for testing and contact tracing, as well as working from home wherever possible. In the event of a COVID-19 incident, the local COVID-19 response team immediately executes the defined protocols, including isolation of any employee showing symptoms, and conducts traceability

activities to identify and quarantine all potentially exposed individuals. Our management is actively monitoring COVID-19 developments in Europe and North America and met daily throughout much of 2020 to discuss the status of COVID-19 cases and any necessary actions.

Our global unit shipments declined approximately 21.1 percent in 2020, as compared to 2019 primarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The decline began in the second quarter of 2020, with unit shipments 92.2 percent and 67.6 percent lower in April and May, respectively, as compared to the same months of 2019. Volumes began to improve in June of 2020, with unit shipments only 12.5 percent lower on a year-over-year basis, as industry production volumes started to recover. The recovery continued in the third quarter with units shipped only 10.1 percent lower, as compared to the third quarter of 2019, and only 2.1 percent lower for the month of September of 2020. In the fourth quarter of 2020, our global unit shipments were essentially flat with the fourth quarter of 2019 as our units shipped in Europe were down 4.2 percent, offset by a 4.0 percent increase in units shipped in North America. As such, our North American volume recovery has been strong, while the European recovery has been slower (refer to the discussion under Results of Operations for further details on year-over-year comparisons and the impact of COVID-19 on our results).

While Superior experienced stronger demand from its customers during each of the third and fourth quarters of 2020 as compared to the second quarter, the Company extended certain cost reduction initiatives through the end of 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, Superior executed temporary and permanent cost savings including furloughs, compensation and benefit reductions, temporary facility closures, deferral of merit increases, reduced travel, and personnel restructurings. The Company also used government subsidies where available. While some of the temporary measures such as the wage reductions were discontinued in the third quarter, other temporary initiatives remained in place through the end of the year and are expected to be in place into 2021. In total, the cost initiatives implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic benefited 2020 by more than $40 million.

The ultimate impact that COVID-19 will have on our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on a number of evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic; the impact of recent resurgences of COVID-19 cases in North America and Europe, the efficacy and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, governmental, OEMs’, suppliers’, customers’ and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic; and the impact of the pandemic on economic activity and actions that continue to be taken in response to such impact by the OEMs’ suppliers and customers.

The following chart shows the comparison of our operational performance in 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

In 2020 sales were lower due to reduced volumes in both North America and Europe attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our 2020 Adjusted EBITDA was lower than 2019 primarily due to lower volumes attributable to the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, including production shutdowns in the second quarter, partially offset by improved product mix, cost saving initiatives implemented during the year, and favorable foreign exchange rates.

The following table is a summary of the Company’s operating results for 2020 and 2019:

Fiscal Year Ended December 31,	2020			2019
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net Sales
North America	$	550,079		$	704,320
Europe		550,681			668,167
Net sales		1,100,760			1,372,487
Cost of sales		(1,035,134	)		(1,256,425	)
Gross profit		65,626			116,062
Percentage of net sales		6.0	%		8.5	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		52,420			63,883
Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles		193,641			102,238
Loss from operations		(180,435	)		(50,059	)
Percentage of net sales		(16.4	)%		(3.6	)%
Interest expense, net		(45,418	)		(47,011	)
Other (expense) income, net		(2,827	)		4,033
Income tax provision		(14,881	)		(3,423	)
Net loss		(243,561	)		(96,460	)
Percentage of net sales		(22.1	)%		(7.0	)%
Diluted loss per share	$	(10.81	)	$	(5.10	)
Value added sales (1)	$	648,308		$	755,325
Adjusted EBITDA (2)	$	129,373		$	168,795
Percentage of net sales		11.8	%		12.3	%
Percentage of value added sales		20.0	%		22.3	%
Unit shipments in thousands		15,194			19,246

Wheel unit shipments were 15.2 million for 2020, compared to wheel unit shipments of 19.2 million in the prior year, a decrease of 21.1 percent. The decrease occurred in both our European and North American operations and was driven by lower volumes at our key OEM customers due to the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, including production shut-downs in the second quarter of the calendar year.

Net sales for 2020 were $1,100.8 million, compared to net sales of $1,372.5 million for the same period in 2019, a decrease of 19.8 percent. The reduction in net sales was principally driven by lower production volumes and lower aluminum prices in North America and Europe related to the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by improved product mix comprised of larger diameter wheels and premium finishes in both regions and favorable Euro foreign exchange.

Cost of sales were $1,035.1 million in 2020, compared to $1,256.4 million in the prior year period. The decrease in cost of sales was principally due to lower production volumes and lower aluminum prices in North America and Europe related to the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, as well as lower utility expenses, reduced headcount and operating expenses, the use of European government subsidies and the rationalization of the Company’s North American manufacturing footprint in the prior year.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for 2020 were $52.4 million, or 4.8 percent of net sales, compared to $63.9 million, or 4.7 percent of net sales for the same period in 2019. The decrease is primarily due to reduced employee compensation related to both temporary and permanent cost savings initiatives, as well as reduced discretionary spending and travel expenses.

In the fourth quarter of 2019, we recognized a goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charge of $102.2 million relating to our European reporting unit. In the first quarter of 2020, we recognized an additional goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charge of $193.6 million relating to our European reporting unit (refer to Note 9, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report.)

Net interest expense for 2020 was $45.4 million, compared to interest expense of $47.0 million in 2019. The reduction in interest expense was primarily due to both early extinguishment and principal repayments during 2019 and 2020, as well as lower Term Loan Facility interest rates in 2020. This was partially offset by incremental interest expenses due to the Company’s drawings on its European and North American revolvers in 2020.

Other expense was $2.8 million in 2020, compared to other income of $4.0 million in 2019. The decline in other income in 2020 was primarily driven by a $3.7 million gain on early extinguishment of a portion of the Notes recognized in 2019, $1.6 million of expense related to an increase in the fair value of the preferred stock embedded derivative liabilities recognized in 2020 and higher foreign exchange losses in 2020 as compared to 2019.

The income tax provision for 2020 was $14.9 million on a pre-tax loss of $228.7 million, representing an effective tax rate of (6.5) percent. The effective tax rate was lower than the statutory rate primarily due to the effects of the goodwill impairment in Germany and the recognition of a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, offset by a favorable split of jurisdictional pre-tax income. The income tax provision for 2019 was $3.4 million on a pre-tax loss of $93.0 million, representing an effective income tax rate of (3.7) percent.

Net loss in 2020 was $243.6 million, or a loss per diluted share of $10.81, compared to net loss of $96.5 million, or a loss per diluted share of $5.10 in 2019.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020			2019			Change
(Dollars in thousands)
Selected data
Net Sales
North America	$	550,079		$	704,320		$	(154,241	)
Europe		550,681			668,167			(117,486	)
Total net sales	$	1,100,760		$	1,372,487		$	(271,727	)
Income (loss) from Operations
North America	$	8,872		$	16,713		$	(7,841	)
Europe		(189,307	)		(66,772	)		(122,535	)
Total income from operations	$	(180,435	)	$	(50,059	)	$	(130,376	)

In 2020, net sales of our North America segment decreased 21.9 percent, compared to 2019, primarily due to a 21.2 percent decrease in volumes, which was principally attributable to the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, including a production shut-down during the second quarter of the year and lower aluminum prices, partially offset by improved product mix comprised of larger diameter wheels and premium wheel finishes. U.S. and Mexico sales as a percentage of North American total sales were approximately 5.1 percent and 94.9 percent, respectively, during 2020, which compares to 14.8 percent and 85.2 percent for 2019. The change in North American sales by country is due to discontinuing manufacturing activities at our Fayetteville, Arkansas location in the fourth quarter of 2019. North American segment income from operations for the year ended 2020 was lower than the prior year period, due to reduced volumes at our key North American OEM customers, partially offset by favorable product mix, utilities savings associated with plant investments made in 2019 to use electricity from a competitively priced market and temporary and permanent cost reductions including furloughs, hourly and salary wage and benefit reductions, idling of our manufacturing facilities in April and May, reduced travel and personnel restructuring, as well as the rationalization of the North American manufacturing footprint in the prior year.

In 2020, net sales of our European segment decreased 17.6 percent, compared to 2019, primarily due to a 20.9 percent decrease in volume, which was principally attributable to the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, including a production shut-down during the second quarter of the calendar year and lower aluminum prices, partially offset by improved product mix comprised of higher diameter wheels and premium wheel finishes and favorable Euro foreign exchange. Sales in Germany and Poland as a percentage of total European segment sales were approximately 38.6 percent and 61.4 percent, respectively, during 2020, which compares to 36.8 percent and 63.2 percent for 2019. European segment income from operations for the year ended 2020 was lower than the prior year period primarily due to a goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charge of $193.6 million in 2020 and lower volumes related to key European OEM customers, partially offset by favorable mix and temporary and permanent cost reductions, including second quarter facility closures, usage of government subsidies in both Poland and Germany, deferral of merit increases, reduced travel and personnel restructurings.

As of December 31, 2020, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $152.4 million, as compared to $77.9 million at December 31, 2019. Our sources of liquidity primarily include cash and cash equivalents, cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under available debt facilities, factoring arrangements for trade receivables and, from time to time, other external sources of funds. Working capital (current assets minus current liabilities) and our current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) were $152.5 million and 1.7:1, respectively, at December 31, 2020, versus $163.1 million and 1.9:1 at December 31, 2019.

Our working capital requirements, investing activities and cash dividend payments have historically been funded from internally generated funds, debt facilities and cash and cash equivalents, and we believe these sources will continue to meet our long-term requirements, as well as our currently anticipated short-term needs. Capital expenditures consist of expenditures related to improving production quality and efficiency and extending the useful lives of existing property, plant and equipment (“existing” business), as well as expenditures related to new product offerings and expanded capacity for existing products (“new” business). Over time, capital

expenditures have consisted of roughly equal components of new and existing business, the most significant of which in recent years has been our investment in physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology which went into production in 2019.

In connection with the acquisition of our European operations, we entered into several debt and equity financing arrangements during 2017. On March 22, 2017, we entered into a USD Senior Secured Credit facility (“USD SSCF”) consisting of a $400.0 million Senior Secured Term Loan Facility (“Term Loan Facility”) and a $160.0 million Revolving Credit Facility (“Revolving Credit Facility”). On May 22, 2017, we issued 150,000 shares of redeemable preferred stock for $150.0 million. On June 15, 2017, we issued €250.0 million original principal amount of 6% Senior Notes due June 15, 2025 (“Notes”). As a part of the acquisition, we also assumed $70.7 million of outstanding debt, including a €30.0 million European Revolving Credit Facility (“EUR SSCF”) (subsequently increased to €45.0 million during the second quarter of 2019). On January 31, 2020, the available borrowing limit of the EUR SSCF was increased from €45.0 million to €60.0 million. All other terms of the EUR SSCF remained unchanged. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the European operations entered into equipment loan agreements totaling $13.4 million (€12.0 million). During the first quarter of 2020, the Company drew down on these equipment loans and the outstanding balance was $13.0 million as of December 31, 2020.

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing economic uncertainty, the Company drew down on its USD SSCF and EUR SSCF revolving credit facilities to provide sufficient liquidity during the production shutdown and resumption of operations until we were able to scale production volumes and restore profitability and positive free cash flow. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had borrowings outstanding under these facilities of $207.9 million. Beginning in March 2020, the Company took swift action to reduce costs, including temporary facility closures, salary reductions, layoffs, furloughs, personnel restructurings, deferral of merit increases and reduced selected employee benefits across our global workforce in accordance with local laws and regulations. In the third quarter of 2020, our sales volume returned to levels comparable to 2019, with quarterly sales 9.9 percent lower than 2019 and only 2.0 percent lower for the month of September. In addition, we restored profitability with net income of $11.1 million, generated cash flow from operating activities of $99.6 million and fully repaid the borrowings under the USD SSCF and EUR SSCF revolving credit facilities during the third quarter of 2020. In the fourth quarter of 2020, the recovery continued with sales of $337.7 million, increasing $27.4 million or 8.8 percent over the same period of 2019, cash flow from operating activities of $57.6 million, and income from operations of $17.5 million, an increase of $7.7 million over the same period of 2019 (excluding the $102.2 million goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charge recorded in the fourth quarter of 2019).

Both of our revolving credit facilities mature in May 2022. The Company has no other significant funded debt obligations until May 2024. Superior expects, at this time, to remain compliant with the terms of all of its debt facilities.

Balances outstanding under the Term Loan Facility, Notes, and equipment loans as of December 31, 2020 were $349.2 million, $266.9 million, and $23.7 million, respectively. The balance of the redeemable preferred stock was $179.4 million as of December 31, 2020. Our liquidity totaled $380.9 million at December 31, 2020, including cash on hand of $152.4 million and available unused commitments under credit facilities of $228.5 million.

The following table summarizes the cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities as reflected in the consolidated statements of cash flows.


Fiscal Year Ended December 31,	2020			2019
(Dollars in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities		150,121			162,842
Net cash used in investing activities		(44,179	)		(54,663	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(37,060	)		(76,599	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		5,614			(1,117	)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	74,496		$	30,463

Net cash provided by operating activities was $150.1 million in 2020, as compared to $162.8 million in 2019. The decrease in cash flow provided by operating activities was primarily driven by second quarter losses attributable to production shutdowns at our key North American and European OEM customers. This was partially offset by higher year-over-year reductions in net working capital. Inventory decreases were primarily due to lower production volumes in 2020 from COVID-19 related shutdowns as well as improved inventory management, and the increases in accounts payable were primarily due to improved payment terms negotiated with certain of our critical suppliers.

Net cash used in investing activities was $44.2 million in 2020, as compared to $54.7 million in 2019. The decrease in investing activities was driven by the 2020 reduction in capital expenditures to align with industry production volumes, partially offset by the sale of certain assets in the second quarter of 2019.

Net cash used in financing activities in 2020 was $37.1 million, as compared to $76.6 million in 2019. This decrease was primarily due to lower 2020 debt repayments, proceeds from capital equipment loans in the first quarter 2020 and the elimination of the common stock dividend in the third quarter of 2019.

As of December 31, 2020, we had no significant off-balance sheet arrangements other than factoring of $96.6 million of our trade receivables.

In this Annual Report, we discuss two important measures that are not calculated according to U.S. GAAP, value added sales and Adjusted EBITDA.

Value added sales is a key measure that is not calculated according to U.S. GAAP. In the discussion of operating results, we provide information regarding value added sales. Value added sales represents net sales less the value of aluminum and services provided by outsourced service providers (“OSPs”) that are included in net sales. As discussed further below, arrangements with our customers allow us to pass on changes in aluminum prices; therefore, fluctuations in underlying aluminum prices generally do not directly impact our profitability over time. However, value added sales is worthy of being highlighted for the benefit of users of our financial statements as it allows users of the financial statements to consider our net sales information both with and without the aluminum and OSP cost components thereof. Management utilizes value added sales as a key metric to determine growth of the Company because it eliminates the volatility of aluminum prices.

Fiscal Year Ended December 31,	2020			2019
(Dollars in thousands)
Net sales	$	1,100,760		$	1,372,487
Less: aluminum value and outside service provider costs		(452,452	)		(617,162	)
Value added sales	$	648,308		$	755,325

Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure that is not calculated according to U.S. GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest income and expense, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, restructuring charges and other closure costs and impairments of long-lived assets and investments, changes in the fair value of the redeemable preferred stock embedded derivative liability, acquisition and integration and certain hiring and separation related costs, proxy contest fees, gains associated with early debt extinguishment, and accounts receivable factoring fees. We use Adjusted EBITDA as an important indicator of the operating performance of our business. Adjusted EBITDA is used in our internal forecasts and models when establishing internal operating budgets, supplementing the financial results and forecasts reported to our Board of Directors and evaluating short-term and long-term trends in our operations. We believe the Adjusted EBITDA financial measure assists in providing a more complete understanding of our underlying operational measures to manage our business, to evaluate our performance compared to prior periods and the marketplace and to establish operational goals. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information provided in accordance with U.S. GAAP. This non-GAAP financial measure may not be computed in the same manner as similarly titled measures used by other companies.

The following table reconciles our net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, to our Adjusted EBITDA:

Fiscal Year Ended December 31,	2020			2019
(Dollars in thousands)
Net loss	$	(243,561	)	$	(96,460	)
Interest expense, net		45,418			47,011
Income tax provision		14,881			3,423
Depreciation		72,777			75,773
Amortization		25,401			24,944
Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles		193,641			102,238
Integration, restructuring, factoring fees and other ^{(1) (2)}		19,247			11,084
Change in fair value or redeemable preferred stock embedded derivative liability ⁽³⁾		1,569			782
Adjusted EBITDA	$	129,373		$	168,795
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales		11.8	%		12.3	%
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of value added sales		20.0	%		22.3	%

Accounting estimates are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. These estimates require the use of judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the periods presented. We believe the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to the inherent uncertainties in developing estimates actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods (refer to Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report for our significant accounting policies related to our critical accounting estimates).

Revenue Recognition - Sales of our products and related costs are recognized when control transfers to the customer, generally upon shipment. Tooling reimbursement revenues, related to initial tooling reimbursed by our customers, are deferred and recognized over the expected life of the wheel program on a straight-line basis. A portion of our selling prices to OEM customers is attributable to the aluminum content of our wheels. Our selling prices are adjusted for changes in the current aluminum market based upon specified aluminum price indices during specific pricing periods, as agreed with our customers. Our selling prices also incorporate a wheel weight price component which is based on customer product specifications. Weights are monitored, and prices are adjusted as variations arise. Customer contract prices are generally adjusted quarterly to incorporate these price adjustments. Price adjustments due to production efficiencies are generally recognized as and when negotiated with customers.

Fair Value Measurements - The Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis, while other assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as when we have an asset impairment. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Our derivatives are over-the-counter customized derivative transactions and are not exchange traded. We estimate the fair value of these instruments using industry-standard valuation models such as discounted cash flow. These models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based expectations for interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and the contractual terms of the derivative instruments. The discount rate used is the relevant interbank deposit rate (e.g., LIBOR) plus an adjustment for non-performance risk.

Impairment of Goodwill – Goodwill is not amortized but is instead evaluated for impairment annually at the end of the fiscal year, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that impairment may be more likely than not. As of December 31, 2020, there was no goodwill associated with our acquired European operations due to the impairment charges taken in 2019 and the first quarter of 2020.

At March 31, 2020, the impact of the COVID-19 developments and uncertainty with respect to the economic effects of the pandemic had introduced significant volatility in the financial markets and was having, and continues to have, a widespread adverse effect on the automotive industry, including reductions in both consumer demand and OEM automotive production. In response, our key customers temporarily closed nearly all production facilities in Europe and North America (our primary markets) during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. As a result, we concluded that an interim test of our goodwill was required. More specifically, the Company concluded that the following events and circumstances, in the aggregate, indicated that it was more likely than not that the carrying value of our European reporting unit exceeded its fair value at March 31, 2020: (1) our European reporting unit’s carrying value was effectively set to fair value at December 31, 2019, due to the $102.2 million impairment charges to goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles, (2) lower forecasted 2020 industry production volumes for Western and Central Europe, including those for our primary European customers, due to OEM shutdowns to mitigate COVID-19 spread and subsequent reduced production levels over the remainder of the year, as compared to our prior production forecasts (including estimates used in our 2019 assessment), and (3) the volatility in financial markets that both increased European interest rates due to rising credit spreads and risk premiums and lowered median European automotive market multiples. Based on the results of our quantitative analysis, we recognized a non-cash goodwill impairment charge equal to the remaining goodwill balance of $182.6 million since the carrying value exceeded the fair value of the European reporting unit by more than the amount of the goodwill balance at March 31, 2020. This impairment was recognized at March 31, 2020 as a separate charge (together with the indefinite-lived intangible asset trade name) included in loss from operations.

We utilized both an income and a market approach, weighted 75 percent and 25 percent respectively, to determine the fair value of the European reporting unit as part of our goodwill impairment assessment. The income approach is based on projected debt-free cash flow, which is discounted to the present value using discount factors that consider the timing and risk of cash flows. The discount rate used is the weighted average of an estimated cost of equity and of debt (“weighted average cost of capital”). The weighted average cost of capital is adjusted as necessary to reflect risk associated with the business of the European reporting unit. Financial projections are based on estimated production volumes, product prices and expenses, including raw material cost, wages, energy and other expenses. Other significant assumptions include terminal value cash flow and growth rates, future capital expenditures and changes in future working capital requirements. The market approach is based on the observed ratios of enterprise value to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) of comparable, publicly traded companies. The market approach fair value is determined by multiplying historical and anticipated financial metrics of the European reporting unit by the EBITDA pricing multiples derived from comparable, publicly traded companies.

At March 31, 2020, we determined that the carrying value of the European reporting unit exceeded its fair value by an amount greater than the remaining goodwill balance. The decline in fair value was primarily due to significantly lower market multiples and increased discount rates, as well as further declines in forecasted industry production volumes in Western and Central Europe as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and consequent economic instability. Forecasted revenues, EBITDA and cash flow for the European reporting unit also declined as compared to the prior year long-range plan due to lower forecasted industry production volumes which adversely impacted fair value under both the income and market approaches. Significant assumptions used under the income approach included a weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 12.0 percent and a long-term growth rate of 1.5 percent, as compared to 10.0 percent and 2.0 percent, respectively, used in the 2019 assessment. In determining the WACC, management considered the level of risk inherent in the cash flow projections and current market conditions, including the significant increase in credit spreads and systemic market and Company specific risk premiums. The decline in the fair value under the market approach is attributable to the decline in the average EBITDA market multiple (4.9X EBITDA in 2020, 5.7X EBITDA in 2019) and lower forecasted EBITDA, as compared to the 2019 assessment. The use of these unobservable inputs results in classification of the fair value estimate as a Level 3 measurement in the fair value hierarchy. A considerable amount of management judgment and assumptions are required in performing the

quantitative impairment test, principally related to determining the fair value of the reporting unit. While the Company believes its judgments and assumptions are reasonable, different assumptions could change the estimated fair value (refer to Note 9, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report for further discussion of asset impairments).

Impairment of Intangible Assets – Intangible assets include both finite and indefinite-lived intangible assets. Finite-lived intangible assets consist of brand names, technology and customer relationships. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives (since the pattern in which the asset will be consumed cannot be reliably determined). Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are instead evaluated for impairment annually at the end of the fiscal year, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that impairment may be more likely than not. Indefinite-lived intangible assets, excluding goodwill, consist of trade names associated with our aftermarket business. In the first quarter of 2020, we recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $11.0 million related to our aftermarket trade name indefinite-lived intangible asset which was primarily attributable to a further decline in forecasted aftermarket revenues and a decline in associated profitability. As a result, there were no indefinite-lived intangible assets associated with our European operations as of December 31, 2020 (refer to Note 9, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report for further discussion of asset impairments).

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets - Management evaluates the recoverability and estimated remaining lives of long-lived assets whenever facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable or the useful life has changed. An impairment loss occurs when the carrying value of the long-lived assets exceeds the undiscounted cash flows expected to be realized from the use and eventual disposition of those assets. Fair value is determined primarily by discounting the estimated expected cash flows. If the carrying amount of a long-lived asset group is considered impaired, a loss is recorded based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value. The North American and European reporting units are separately tested for impairment on an asset group basis.

Retirement Plans - Subject to certain vesting requirements, our unfunded retirement plan generally provides for a benefit based on final average compensation, which becomes payable on the employee’s death or upon attaining age 65, if retired. The net periodic pension cost and related benefit obligations are based on, among other things, assumptions of the discount rate and the mortality of the participants. The net periodic pension costs and related obligations are measured using actuarial techniques and assumptions (refer to Note 16, “Retirement Plans” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report for a description of these assumptions).

The following information illustrates the sensitivity to a change in certain assumptions of our unfunded retirement plans as of December 31, 2020. They also may not be additive, so the impact of changing multiple factors simultaneously cannot be calculated by combining the individual sensitivities shown.

The effect of the indicated increase (decrease) in selected factors is shown below (in thousands):

				Increase (Decrease) in:
Assumption	Percentage Change			Projected Benefit Obligation at December 31, 2020			2021 Net Periodic Pension Cost
Discount rate		+1.0	%	$	(3,680	)	$	16
Rate of compensation increase		+1.0	%	$	312		$	23

Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets - The ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income in the future. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred income tax assets when, in our judgment, based upon currently available information and other factors, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of such deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted is based on an evaluation of possible sources of taxable income and considers all available positive and negative evidence factors. Our accounting for the valuation of deferred tax assets represents our best estimate of future events. Changes in our current estimates, due to unanticipated market conditions, governmental legislative actions or events, could have a material effect on our ability to utilize deferred tax assets. At December 31, 2020 total deferred tax assets were $90.7 million and valuation allowances against those deferred tax assets were $46.5 million (refer to Note 14, “Income Taxes” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report for additional information).

Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Superior Industries International, Inc.

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Superior Industries International, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Superior Industries International, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of income (loss), comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows, for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 5, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Goodwill – European Reporting Unit - Refer to Notes 1 and 9 to the financial statements

The Company’s evaluation of their European reporting unit (“Europe”) goodwill for impairment involves the comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. Fair value of the reporting unit is estimated based on a combination of discounted cash flows and the use of pricing multiples. The determination of fair value using the discounted cash flow model requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to forecasts of future revenues, operating margins, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA), capital expenditures and the discount rate. The determination of fair value using pricing multiples requires management to make significant assumptions derived from analysis of the EBITDA pricing multiples of comparable, publicly traded companies.

As a result of the Company’s interim goodwill impairment test in the first quarter of 2020, management determined that the carrying value of Europe exceeded its fair value by an amount greater than the remaining goodwill balance. As such, the Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $182.6 million in 2020 associated with Europe. Changes in these assumptions could have a significant impact on either the fair value, the amount of any goodwill impairment charge, or both. The Company’s goodwill balance was $0 as of December 31, 2020 after the impairment.

We identified goodwill for Europe as a critical audit matter because of the significant estimates and assumptions made by management to estimate the fair value of Europe and the difference between its fair value and carrying value. This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists, when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions related to forecasts of future revenues, operating margins, EBITDA and the selection of the discount rate.

Our audit procedures related to forecasts of future revenues, operating margins, and EBITDA (collectively, the “forecasts”) and the selection of the discount rate included the following, among others:

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Superior Industries International, Inc.

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Superior Industries International, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, of the Company and our report dated March 5, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Fiscal Year Ended December 31,	2020			2019
NET SALES	$	1,100,760		$	1,372,487
Cost of sales		1,035,134			1,256,425
GROSS PROFIT		65,626			116,062
Selling, general and administrative expenses		52,420			63,883
Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles		193,641			102,238
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS		(180,435	)		(50,059	)
Interest expense, net		(45,418	)		(47,011	)
Other (expense) income, net		(2,827	)		4,033
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES		(228,680	)		(93,037	)
Income tax provision		(14,881	)		(3,423	)
NET LOSS	$	(243,561	)	$	(96,460	)
LOSS PER SHARE – BASIC	$	(10.81	)	$	(5.10	)
LOSS PER SHARE – DILUTED	$	(10.81	)	$	(5.10	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Fiscal Year Ended December 31,	2020			2019
Net loss	$	(243,561	)	$	(96,460	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)		14,197			(5,168	)
Change in unrecognized gains (losses) on derivative instruments:
Change in fair value of derivatives		(13,453	)		17,515
Tax benefit (provision)		1,764			(4,359	)
Change in unrecognized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of tax		(11,689	)		13,156
Defined benefit pension plan:
Actuarial losses on pension obligation, net of amortization		(1,876	)		(4,086	)
Tax benefit		—			1,515
Pension changes, net of tax		(1,876	)		(2,571	)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		632			5,417
Comprehensive loss	$	(242,929	)	$	(91,043	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Fiscal Year Ended December 31,	2020		2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	152,423	$	77,927
Accounts receivable, net		48,995		76,786
Inventories, net		154,980		168,470
Income taxes receivable		4,957		4,630
Other current assets		22,301		26,375
Total current assets		383,656		354,188
Property, plant and equipment, net		522,124		529,282
Deferred income tax assets, net		30,860		38,607
Goodwill		—		184,832
Intangibles, net		110,796		137,078
Other non-current assets		61,889		67,880
Total assets	$	1,109,325

Delaware		95-2594729
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

26600 Telegraph Road, Suite 400 Southfield, Michigan		48033
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

Title of Each Class		Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value		SUP	New York Stock Exchange

PART I		PAGE
Item 1	Business.	1
Item 1A	Risk Factors.	3
Item 1B	Unresolved Staff Comments.	15
Item 2	Properties.	15
Item 3	Legal Proceedings.	15
Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures.	15
Item 4A	Information About Executive Officers.	16

PART II
Item 5	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.	18
Item 6	Selected Financial Data.	18
Item 7	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	19
Item 7A	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	29
Item 8	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.	30
Item 9	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.	64
Item 9A	Controls and Procedures.	64
Item 9B	Other Information.	64

PART III
Item 10	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.	65
Item 11	Executive Compensation.	65
Item 12	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.	65
Item 13	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.	65
Item 14	Principal Accountant Fees and Services.	65

PART IV
Item 15	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.	66
Schedule II	Valuation and Qualifying Accounts.	70
Item 16	Form 10-K Summary.	71

SIGNATURES		72

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

	PAGE
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	31

Financial Statements

Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)	34

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	35

Consolidated Balance Sheets	36

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)	37

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	39

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	40