6. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Disclosures

Financial instruments which potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit or market risk consist primarily of periodic temporary investments of excess cash, trade accounts receivable and investments in debt securities, including residential mortgage-backed securities. We generally place our excess cash investments in U.S. government-backed short-term money market instruments through several financial institutions. At times, such investments may be in excess of the insurable limit. We periodically evaluate the relative credit standing of these financial institutions as part of our investment strategy.

Most of our investments in debt securities are U.S. government securities with minimal credit risk. However, we are exposed to market risk due to price volatility associated with interest rate fluctuations.

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to our trade accounts receivable are limited primarily due to the entities comprising our customer base. Since the market for our services is the offshore oil and gas industry, this customer base consists primarily of major and independent oil and gas companies and government-owned oil companies. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, our largest customer in Brazil, Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (a Brazilian multinational energy company that is majority-owned by the Brazilian government) accounted for $120.4 million and $116.4 million, or 28% and 24%, respectively, of our total consolidated gross accounts receivable balance. Our second largest customer in Brazil, OGX Petróleo e Gás Ltda. (a privately owned Brazilian oil and natural gas company), or OGX, accounted for $80.3 million or 17% of our total consolidated gross accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2012. Our accounts receivable balance from OGX was fully reserved at September 30, 2013.

In general, before working for a customer with whom we have not had a prior business relationship and/or whose financial stability may be uncertain to us, we perform a credit review on that company. Based on that analysis, we may require that the customer present a letter of credit, prepay or provide other credit enhancements. We record a provision for bad debts on a case-by-case basis when facts and circumstances indicate that a customer receivable may not be collectible and, historically, losses on our trade receivables have been infrequent occurrences.

During the third quarter of 2013, based on our assessment of the financial condition of two customers, OGX and Niko Resources Ltd., and our expectations regarding the probability of collection of amounts due to us, we recorded $22.6 million in bad debt expense, to reserve the outstanding receivable balances from these customers. All outstanding receivables from these two customers have been fully reserved at September 30, 2013. Our allowance for bad debts was $28.2 million and $5.5 million at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. We have not recognized any revenue associated with these two customers in the third quarter of 2013. See Note 2.

At December 31, 2012, $17.2 million in trade accounts receivable was payable to us from a 27% net profits interest, or NPI, in certain developmental oil-and-gas producing properties, which we believe is a real property interest. Our drilling program related to the NPI arrangement was completed in 2011, and the balance of the trade receivable due to us under the NPI arrangement was received in 2013. However, the customer who conveyed the NPI to us filed a voluntary petition for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on August 17, 2012. Certain parties (including the debtor) in the bankruptcy proceedings have questioned whether our NPI, and certain amounts we have received under it since the filing of the bankruptcy, should be included in the debtor’s estate under the bankruptcy proceeding. We have filed a declaratory judgment action in the bankruptcy court seeking a declaration that our NPI, and payments that we have received from it since the filing of the bankruptcy, are not part of the bankruptcy estate, and we will vigorously defend our rights and pursue our interests in this matter.

Fair Values

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy prescribed by GAAP requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:


Level 1		Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. Level 1 assets include short-term investments such as money market funds, U.S. Treasury Bills and Treasury notes. Our Level 1 assets at September 30, 2013 consisted of cash held in money market funds of $385.6 million, time deposits of $20.0 million and investments in U.S. Treasury securities of $800.0 million. Our Level 1 assets at December 31, 2012 consisted of cash held in money market funds of $284.9 million and investments in U.S. Treasury securities of $1,149.9 million.

Level 2		Quoted market prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets. Level 2 assets and liabilities include residential mortgage-backed securities and over-the-counter FOREX contracts. Our residential mortgage-backed securities were valued using a model-derived valuation technique based on the quoted closing market prices received from a financial institution. Our FOREX contracts are valued based on quoted market prices, which are derived from observable inputs including current spot and forward rates, less the contract rate multiplied by the notional amount. The inputs used in our valuation are obtained from a Bloomberg curve analysis which uses par coupon swap rates to calculate implied forward rates so that projected floating rate cash flows can be calculated. The valuation techniques underlying the models are widely accepted in the financial services industry and do not involve significant judgment.

Level 3		Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. Level 3 assets and liabilities generally include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation or for which there is a lack of transparency as to the inputs used. Our Level 3 assets at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 consisted of nonrecurring measurements of certain rigs held for sale for which we recorded an impairment loss in 2012. The value of these rigs was determined using a present value technique which utilized unobservable inputs such as assumptions for estimated proceeds that may be received on disposition of each rig and estimated costs to sell. See Note 1.

Market conditions could cause an instrument to be reclassified among Levels 1, 2 and 3. Our policy regarding fair value measurements of financial instruments transferred into and out of levels is to reflect the transfers as having occurred at the beginning of the reporting period. There were no transfers between fair value levels during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

Certain of our assets and liabilities are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. In addition, certain assets and liabilities may be recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Generally, we record assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as a result of impairment charges. We did not record any impairment charges related to assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are summarized below:


	September 30, 2013
	Fair Value Measurements Using							Assets at Fair Value
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Assets at Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Recurring fair value measurements:
Assets:
Short-term investments	$	1,205,626	$	—		$	—	$	1,205,626
FOREX contracts		—		3,272			—		3,272
Mortgage-backed securities		—		224			—		224

Total assets	$	1,205,626	$	3,496		$	—	$	1,209,122

Liabilities:
FOREX contracts	$	—	$	(4,304	)	$	—	$	(4,304	)

Nonrecurring fair value measurements:
Assets:
Assets held for sale	$	—	$	—		$	3,900	$	3,900


	December 31, 2012
	Fair Value Measurements Using							Assets at Fair Value
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Assets at Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Recurring fair value measurements:
Assets:
Short-term investments	$	1,434,751	$	—		$	—	$	1,434,751
FOREX contracts		—		3,627			—		3,627
Mortgage-backed securities		—		301			—		301

Total assets	$	1,434,751	$	3,928		$	—	$	1,438,679

Liabilities:
FOREX contracts	$	—	$	(29	)	$	—	$	(29	)

Nonrecurring fair value measurements:
Assets:
Assets held for sale	$	—	$	—		$	3,900	$	3,900

We believe that the carrying amounts of our other financial assets and liabilities (excluding long-term debt), which are not measured at fair value in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, approximate fair value based on the following assumptions:

•

Cash and cash equivalents — The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

•

Accounts receivable and accounts payable — The carrying amounts approximate fair value based on the nature of the instruments.

We consider our long-term debt, including current maturities, to be Level 2 liabilities under the GAAP fair value hierarchy and, accordingly, the fair value of our 5.70% Senior Notes due 2039, 5.875% Senior Notes due 2019, 4.875% Senior Notes due July 1, 2015, and 5.15% Senior Notes due September 1, 2014 was derived using a third-party pricing service at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. We perform control procedures over information we obtain from pricing services and brokers to test whether prices received represent a reasonable estimate of fair value. These procedures include the review of pricing service or broker pricing methodologies and comparing fair value estimates to actual trade activity executed in the market for these instruments occurring around the report date. Fair values and related carrying values of our long-term debt instruments are shown below.


	September 30, 2013				December 31, 2012
	Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value
	(In millions)
4.875% Senior Notes	$	268.1	$	249.9	$	275.5	$	249.8
5.15% Senior Notes		260.0		249.9		269.0		249.9
5.70% Senior Notes		567.9		496.9		641.4		496.9
5.875% Senior Notes		587.1		499.5		617.1		499.5

We have estimated the fair value amounts by using appropriate valuation methodologies and information available to management. Considerable judgment is required in developing these estimates, and accordingly, no assurance can be given that the estimated values are indicative of the amounts that would be realized in a free market exchange.