8. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Plans

On June 18, 2015, our Shareholders approved the 2015 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (“2015 OEIP”). The 2015 OEIP, which became effective the same date, replaced the 2005 Stock Option / Stock Issuance Plan (“2005 Plan”) which was due to expire on July 28, 2015. All outstanding options under the 2005 Plan remain outstanding, but no new grants will be made under that Plan. The maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance over the term of the 2015 OEIP may not exceed 8,500,000 shares.

The 2015 Plan provides for the issuance of full value awards (restricted stock, performance stock, dividend equivalent right or restricted stock units) and not full value awards (stock options or stock appreciation rights) to employees, non-employee members of the board and consultants. Any full value award settled in shares will be debited as 1.2 shares and not full value awards settled in shares will be debited as 1.0 shares against the share reserve. The exercise price per share for option grants is not to be less than the fair market value per share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The Board of Directors has the discretion to determine the vesting schedule. Options may be exercisable immediately or in installments, but generally vest over a four-year period from the date of grant. In the event the holder ceases to be employed by the Company, all unvested options terminate and all vested options may be exercised within a period following termination. In general, options expire ten years from the date of grant. Restricted stock is valued using the closing stock price on the date of the grant. The total value is expensed over the vesting period of 12 to 48 months.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company has a shareholder approved employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”), under which substantially all employees may purchase the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market values of the stock as of the beginning and end of six-month offering periods. An employee’s payroll deductions under the ESPP are limited to 10% of the employee’s compensation and employees may not purchase more than the lesser of $25,000 of stock, or 1,000 shares, for any purchase period. Additionally, no more than 1,000,000 shares may be purchased under the plan.

Stock Compensation Expense

The Company accounts for all stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on their fair values and recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period using the straight-line method over the requisite service period for each award as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation.

Valuation of Stock Option and Restricted Stock Awards

The assumptions used to compute the share-based compensation costs for the stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, were as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options	$	0.77		$	0.57		$	0.63
Assumptions
Risk-free interest rate (weighted average)		1.1	%		1.2	%		0.6	%
Expected dividend yield		—			—			—
Weighted average expected life (years)		4			4			4
Volatility (weighted average)		83.5	%		82.9	%		68.1	%
Forfeiture rate		23.3	%		25.5	%		11.4	%

The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on the United States Treasury’s rates for U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with maturities similar to those of the expected term of the award being valued. The Company assumed no dividend yield because it does not expect to pay dividends for the foreseeable future. The weighted average expected life is the vesting period for those options granted during that period. The average volatility is based on the actual historical volatility of our common stock. The forfeiture rate was based on modified employee turnover.

Grants of restricted stock are valued using the closing stock price on the date of grant. In the year ended December 31, 2015, a total of 75,000 shares of restricted stock, with a total value of $0.1 million, were granted to non-employee members of the Board of Directors. This cost will be amortized over a period of 12 months. In addition, 1.3 million shares of restricted stock, with a total value of $2.0 million, were granted to key officers and employees of the Company. This cost will be amortized over a period of 48 months.

Valuation of ESPP

The fair values are estimated at the beginning of each offering period using a Black-Scholes valuation model that uses the assumptions noted in the following table. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Expected volatility was based on the historical volatility on the day of grant. Following is a schedule of the shares purchased, the fair value per share, and the Black-Scholes model assumptions for each offering period:


	(Ending)
Offering Period Ended	September 30,			March 31,			September 30,			March 31,			September 30,
	2015			2015			2014			2014			2013
Shares purchased for offering period		12,451			11,216			13,619			13,734			19,490
Fair value per share	$	0.60		$	0.43		$	0.83		$	0.30		$	0.44
*Assumptions*
Risk-free interest rate (average)		0.11	%		0.40	%		0.80	%		0.40	%		0.11	%
Expected dividend yield		—			—			—			—			—
Weighted average expected life (years)		0.5			0.5			0.5			0.5			0.5
Volatility (average)		103.8	%		109.1	%		74.0	%		44.0	%		45.0	%

Compensation Costs

Non-cash stock-based compensation expenses related to stock options, restricted stock grants and the ESPP were recorded in the financial statements as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
Cost of revenues	$	12	$	13	$	20
Selling and marketing		335		270		766
Research and development		644		659		809
General and administrative		1,167		1,437		1,938
Restructuring expense		—		1,273		—

Total non-cash stock compensation expense	$	2,158	$	3,652	$	3,533

Total share-based compensation for each year includes cash payment of income taxes related to grants of restricted stock in the amounts of $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.

Stock Options

A summary of the Company’s stock options outstanding under the 2015 Plan as of December 31, 2015 and the activity during the years ended herein are as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):


	Shares			Weighted Ave. Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2012		2,275		$	7.02	$	—

(1,474 options exercisable at a weighted average exercise price of $10.09)
Granted (weighted average fair value of $0.63)		120		$	1.31
Exercised		—		$	—
Cancelled		(225	)	$	6.52

Outstanding as of December 31, 2013		2,170		$	6.76	$	—

(1,573 options exercisable at a weighted average exercise price of $8.81)
Granted (weighted average fair value of $0.57)		633		$	0.95
Exercised		(4	)	$	1.38
Cancelled		(665	)	$	5.98

Outstanding as of December 31, 2014		2,134		$	5.29	$	—

(1,291 options exercisable at a weighted average exercise price of $8.04)
Granted (weighted average fair value of $0.77)		75		$	1.27
Exercised		(8	)	$	1.19
Cancelled		(556	)	$	4.05

Outstanding as of December 31, 2015		1,645		$	5.39	$	—

Exercisable as of December 31, 2015		1,132		$	7.34	$	—

Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2015		1,593		$	5.53	$	—

During the year ended December 31, 2015, options to acquire 8,000 shares were exercised resulting in cash proceeds to the Company of $10,000. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2015 was $0.77. As of December 31, 2015, there is $3.1 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested stock options and restricted stock granted under the Plan. At December 31, 2015, there were 8.5 million and 0 shares available for future grants under the 2015 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan and 2005 Stock Issuance / Stock Option Plan, respectively.

Restricted Stock Awards

No restricted stock awards were granted under the 2015 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2015.

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock awards outstanding under the 2005 Plan as of December 31, 2015, and the activity during years ended therein, are as follows (in thousands):


	Number of shares			Weighted average grant date fair value
Unvested at December 31, 2012		1,319		$	4.60

Granted		1,495		$	1.70
Vested		(752	)	$	4.43
Cancelled and forfeited		(316	)	$	3.00

Unvested at December 31, 2013		1,746		$	2.48

Granted		1,625		$	1.79
Vested		(1,442	)	$	2.48
Cancelled and forfeited		(204	)	$	1.79

Unvested at December 31, 2014		1,725		$	1.91

Granted		1,375		$	1.50
Vested		(1,011	)	$	1.95
Cancelled and forfeited		(284	)	$	1.67

Unvested at December 31, 2015		1,805		$	1.61