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Stock-Based Compensation
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation
Stock Plans
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company granted 1.9 million shares of restricted stock under the Company’s 2015 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, as amended ("2015 OEIP"), which was approved by Smith Micro’s stockholders on June 18, 2015. Subsequent amendments to the 2015 OEIP to increase the number of shares reserved thereunder were approved by its stockholders on June 14, 2018, June 9, 2020, and June 6, 2023. The 2015 OEIP replaced the 2005 Stock Option / Stock Issuance Plan (“2005 Plan”) which was due to expire on July 28, 2015.
As of December 31, 2023, there were approximately 3.3 million shares available for future grants under the Company’s 2015 OEIP.
The outstanding options under the 2005 Plan remain outstanding, but no new grants will be made under the 2005 Plan. The maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance over the term of the 2015 OEIP may not exceed 9,625,000 shares.
The 2015 OEIP provides for the issuance of full value awards (restricted stock, performance stock, dividend equivalent right or restricted stock units) and partial value awards (stock options or stock appreciation rights) to employees, non-employee members of the board and consultants. Any full value award settled in shares will be debited as 1.2 shares, and partial value awards settled in shares will be debited as 1.0 shares against the share reserve. The exercise price per share for stock option grants is not to be less than the fair market value per share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The Board of Directors has the discretion to determine the vesting schedule. Stock options may be exercisable immediately or in installments, but generally vest over a four-year period from the date of grant. In the event the holder ceases to be employed by the Company, all unvested stock options terminate, and all vested stock options may be exercised within a period of 90 days following termination. In general, stock options expire ten years from the date of grant. Restricted stock is valued using the closing stock price on the date of the grant. The total value is expensed over the vesting period, which typically ranges from 12 to 48 months. In the third quarter of 2023, there were new grants issued with tranched vesting periods of two to seven months.
Stock Compensation Expense
The Company accounts for all stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on their fair values and recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period using the straight-line method over the requisite service period for each award as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation.
Non-cash stock-based compensation expenses related to stock options, restricted stock grants and the ESPP were recorded in the financial statements as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
Cost of sales$— $2 
Sales and marketing955 1,100 
Research and development1,056 1,082 
General and administrative2,824 2,764 
Total non-cash stock compensation expense$4,835 $4,948 
As of December 31, 2023, there was approximately $4.8 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested stock options and restricted stock granted under the 2015 OEIP and the 2005 Plan. In the second quarter of 2022, there was a modification of a restricted stock award which accelerated the vesting of that award. As such, an additional $0.6 million of stock compensation expense was recorded in Sales and Marketing expense in that period. In the fourth quarter of 2023, vesting of certain restricted stock awards were accelerated in accordance with the terms of the 2015 OEIP. As such, an additional $0.2 million of stock compensation expense was recorded in General and Administrative expense in that period.
Stock Options
There were no stock options awards granted in 2023 or 2022. A summary of the Company’s stock options outstanding under the 2015 OEIP and 2005 Plan as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the related activity during 2023 is as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):
SharesWeighted Avg. Exercise PriceWtd. Avg. Remaining Contractual Life (Yrs)Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022139 $3.75 5.10$6 
Exercised— — —$— 
Forfeited(54)$4.26 —$7 
Expired(5)$5.24 —$— 
Outstanding as of December 31, 202380 $3.30 3.85$— 
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 202380 $3.30 3.83$— 
Exercisable as of December 31, 202375 $3.21 3.64$— 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company has a shareholder approved employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”), under which substantially all employees may purchase the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market values of the stock as of the beginning and end of six-month offering periods. An employee’s payroll deductions under the ESPP are limited to 10% of the employee’s compensation and employees may not purchase more than the lesser of $25,000 of stock, or 250 shares, for any purchase period. Additionally, no more than 250,000 shares in the aggregate may be purchased under the ESPP.
The fair values are estimated at the beginning of each offering period using a Black-Scholes valuation model that uses the assumptions noted in the following table. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Expected volatility was based on the historical volatility on the day of grant. Following is a schedule of the shares purchased, the fair value per share, and the Black-Scholes model assumptions for each offering period:
Offering Period EndedSeptember 30, 2023March 31, 2023September 30, 2022March 31, 2022
Shares purchased for offering period7,000 8,250 10,901 6,019
Fair value per share as of the beginning of the offering period$0.54 $0.70 $1.15 $1.61 
Assumptions
Risk-free interest rate (average)4.99 %3.92 %0.86 %0.05 %
Expected dividend yield— — — — 
Weighted average expected life (years)0.50.50.50.5
Volatility (average)88.0 %27.8 %32.5 %43.1 %
Restricted Stock Awards
A summary of the Company’s restricted stock awards outstanding under the 2015 OEIP and 2005 Plan as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the activity during years ended therein, are as follows (in thousands, except weighted average grant date fair value):
Number of sharesWeighted average grant date fair value
Unvested at December 31, 20211,667 $5.83 
Granted1,398 $3.76 
Vested(1,174)$4.87 
Canceled and forfeited(212)$6.06 
Unvested at December 31, 20221,679 $4.62 
Granted1,945 $1.54 
Vested(1,456)$3.36 
Canceled and forfeited(127)$3.38 
Unvested at December 31, 20232,041 $2.66