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Investment Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Disclosure Investment Information [Abstract]  
Summary of fair value and cost or amortized cost of available for sale securities
The following table summarizes the fair value and cost or amortized cost of the Company’s securities classified as available for sale:
Estimated
Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesAllowance for Expected Credit LossesCost or
Amortized
Cost
December 31, 2024
Fixed maturities:
Corporate bonds$12,487 $110 $(346)$(12)$12,735 
U.S. government and government agencies6,710 (149)— 6,851 
Asset backed securities2,900 19 (32)(8)2,921 
Non-U.S. government securities2,538 30 (107)(1)2,616 
Commercial mortgage backed securities1,058 (11)(1)1,064 
Residential mortgage backed securities1,079 (31)— 1,104 
Municipal bonds263 — (16)— 279 
Total27,035 179 (692)(22)27,570 
Short-term investments2,784 (2)— 2,784 
Total$29,819 $181 $(694)$(22)$30,354 
December 31, 2023
Fixed maturities:
Corporate bonds$10,855 $157 $(464)$(20)$11,182 
U.S. government and government agencies5,814 63 (86)— 5,837 
Asset backed securities2,250 11 (55)(5)2,299 
Non-U.S. government securities2,062 33 (100)(1)2,130 
Commercial mortgage backed securities1,213 (34)(2)1,246 
Residential mortgage backed securities1,103 (66)— 1,162 
Municipal bonds256 (20)— 275 
Total23,553 275 (825)(28)24,131 
Short-term investments2,063 (2)— 2,064 
Total$25,616 $276 $(827)$(28)$26,195 
Summary of available for sale securities in a continual unrealized loss position
The following table summarizes, for all available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position, the fair value and gross unrealized loss by length of time the security has been in a continual unrealized loss position:
Less than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
Estimated Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2024
Fixed maturities:
Corporate bonds$4,582 $(114)$2,924 $(232)$7,506 $(346)
U.S. government and government agencies5,130 (100)516 (49)5,646 (149)
Non-U.S. government securities1,650 (58)418 (49)2,068 (107)
Residential mortgage backed securities571 (6)186 (25)757 (31)
Asset backed securities236 (8)426 (24)662 (32)
Commercial mortgage backed securities180 (1)434 (10)614 (11)
Municipal bonds48 (1)176 (15)224 (16)
Total12,397 (288)5,080 (404)17,477 (692)
Short-term investments97 (2)— — 97 (2)
Total$12,494 $(290)$5,080 $(404)$17,574 $(694)
December 31, 2023
Fixed maturities:
Corporate bonds$1,559 $(45)$4,959 $(419)$6,518 $(464)
U.S. government and government agencies1,066 (10)941 (76)2,007 (86)
Non-U.S. government securities365 (4)897 (96)1,262 (100)
Residential mortgage backed securities221 (3)522 (63)743 (66)
Asset backed securities234 (1)1,112 (54)1,346 (55)
Commercial mortgage backed securities100 (1)909 (33)1,009 (34)
Municipal bonds20 (1)215 (19)235 (20)
Total3,565 (65)9,555 (760)13,120 (825)
Short-term investments302 (2)— — 302 (2)
Total$3,867 $(67)$9,555 $(760)$13,422 $(827)
Contractual maturities of the Company's fixed maturities and fixed maturities pledged under securities lending arrangements
The contractual maturities of the Company’s fixed maturities are shown in the following table. Expected maturities, which are management’s best estimates, will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Maturity
Estimated Fair Value
Amortized Cost
Estimated Fair Value
Amortized Cost
Due in one year or less$438 $451 $480 $499 
Due after one year through five years15,364 15,590 12,924 13,101 
Due after five years through 10 years5,811 6,039 5,249 5,450 
Due after 10 years385 401 334 374 
21,998 22,481 18,987 19,424 
Mortgage backed securities1,079 1,104 1,103 1,162 
Commercial mortgage backed securities1,058 1,064 1,213 1,246 
Asset backed securities2,900 2,921 2,250 2,299 
Total$27,035 $27,570 $23,553 $24,131 
Components of net investment income
The components of net investment income were derived from the following sources:
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Fixed maturities$1,266 $917 $469 
Short-term investments144 68 29 
Equity securities40 22 22 
Other (1)136 93 47 
Gross investment income1,586 1,100 567 
Investment expenses(91)(77)(71)
Net investment income$1,495 $1,023 $496 
(1)    Amounts include dividends and other distributions on investment funds, term loan investments, funds held balances, cash balances and other items.
Summary of net realized gains (losses)
Net realized gains (losses) were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Available for sale securities:
Gross gains on investment sales$259 $116 $81 
Gross losses on investment sales(354)(547)(317)
Change in fair value of assets and liabilities accounted for using the fair value option:
Fixed maturities18 (71)
Other investments(144)27 (21)
Equity securities(1)(4)
Short-term investments— — (3)
Equity securities, at fair value :
Net realized gains (losses) on securities sold62 61 75 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities still held at reporting date108 88 (267)
Allowance for credit losses:
Investments related— (44)
Underwriting related(1)(13)
Derivative instruments (1)59 (75)
Other (2)251 10 (4)
Net realized gains (losses)$197 $(165)$(663)
(1)    See note 11, for information on the Company’s derivative instruments.
(2)    Amounts in the 2024 period include benefits from the sale of Castel Underwriting Agencies Limited and the acquisition of RMIC.
Other investments
The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities which are accounted for using the fair value option:
December 31,
20242023
Other investments$2,135 $1,777 
Fixed maturities854 683 
Equity securities
Short-term investments70 21 
Total other investments$3,066 $2,488 
The following table summarizes the Company’s other investments, as detailed in the previous table, by strategy:

December 31,

2024

2023
Investment grade fixed income1,055 754 
Term loan investments430 272 
Lending303 427 
Private equity229 182 
Credit related funds99 124 
Energy19 18 
Total
$2,135 $1,777 
Summary of investments in limited partnership interests where the Company has a variable interest
The following table summarizes investments in limited partnership interests where the Company has a variable interest by balance sheet item:
December 31,
20242023
Investments accounted for using the equity method (1)$5,980 $4,566 
Investments accounted for using the fair value option (2)48 114 
Total$6,028 $4,680 
(1)     Aggregate unfunded commitments were $4.3 billion at December 31, 2024, compared to $3.4 billion at December 31, 2023.
(2)    Aggregate unfunded commitments were $21 million at December 31, 2024, compared to $32 million at December 31, 2023.
Investments accounted for using the equity method
The following table summarizes the Company’s investments accounted for using the equity method, by strategy:

December 31,

20242023
Private equity$1,915 $1,175 
Credit related funds1,487 1,258 
Real estate869 666 
Lending616 597 
Infrastructure425 320 
Fixed income384 277 
Equities217 178 
Energy67 95 
Total
$5,980 $4,566 
A summary of aggregated financial information for the Company’s investment funds and operating affiliates accounted for using the equity method is as follows:
December 31,
20242023
Invested assets$113,977 $91,534 
Total assets132,647 108,952 
Total liabilities36,614 33,901 
Net assets$96,033 $75,051 
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Total revenues$19,160 $7,766 $12,305 
Total expenses7,269 7,174 5,374 
Net income (loss)$11,891 $592 $6,931 
Roll forward of the allowance for expected credit losses of securities classified as available for sale
The following table provides a roll forward of the allowance for expected credit losses of the Company’s securities classified as available for sale:
Year Ended December 31, 2024Structured Securities (1)Non-U.S. Government SecuritiesCorporate
Bonds
Total
Balance at beginning of period$$$20 $28 
Additions for current-period provision for expected credit losses— — — — 
Additions (reductions) for previously recognized expected credit losses— (3)— 
Reductions due to disposals(1)— (5)(6)
Balance at end of period$$$12 $22 
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Balance at beginning of period$$$30 $41 
Additions for current-period provision for expected credit losses— 
Additions (reductions) for previously recognized expected credit losses (3)— (7)(10)
Reductions due to disposals(1)(1)(8)(10)
Balance at end of period$$$20 $28 
(1)    Includes asset backed securities, mortgage backed securities and commercial mortgage backed securities.
Summary of restricted assets
The following table details the value of the Company’s restricted assets:
December 31,
20242023
Assets used for collateral or guarantees:
Affiliated transactions$4,730 $4,854 
Third party agreements (1)5,999 2,869 
Deposits with U.S. regulatory authorities882 833 
Other (2)1,437 1,376 
Total restricted assets $13,048 $9,932 
(1) 2024 period includes amounts related to the MCE Acquisition.
(2) Primarily includes Funds at Lloyds, deposits with non-U.S. regulatory authorities and other restricted assets.
Reconciliation of cash and restricted cash
The following table details reconciliation of cash and restricted cash within the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
December 31,
202420232022
Cash$979 $917 $855 
Restricted cash (included in ‘other assets’)781 581 418 
Cash and restricted cash$1,760 $1,498 $1,273