Segment Information

The Company classifies its businesses into three underwriting segments — insurance, reinsurance and mortgage — and two other operating segments — ‘other’ and corporate (non-underwriting). The Company determined its reportable segments using the management approach described in accounting guidance regarding disclosures about segments of an enterprise and related information. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those used for the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Intersegment business is allocated to the segment accountable for the underwriting results.

The Company’s insurance, reinsurance and mortgage segments each have managers who are responsible for the overall profitability of their respective segments and who are directly accountable to the Company’s chief operating decision makers, the President and Chief Executive Officer of Arch Capital, and the Chief Financial Officer of Arch Capital. The chief operating decision makers do not assess performance, measure return on equity or make resource allocation decisions on a line of business basis. Management measures segment performance for its three underwriting segments based on underwriting income or loss. The Company does not manage its assets by underwriting segment, with the exception of goodwill and intangible assets, and, accordingly, investment income is not allocated to each underwriting segment.

The insurance segment consists of the Company’s insurance underwriting units which offer specialty product lines on a worldwide basis. Product lines include: construction and national accounts; excess and surplus casualty; lenders products; professional lines; programs; property, energy, marine and aviation; travel, accident and health; and other (consisting of alternative markets, excess workers' compensation and surety business).

The reinsurance segment consists of the Company’s reinsurance underwriting units which offer specialty product lines on a worldwide basis. Product lines include: casualty; marine and aviation; other specialty; property catastrophe; property excluding property catastrophe (losses on a single risk, both excess of loss and pro rata); and other (consisting of life reinsurance, casualty clash and other).

The mortgage segment includes the Company’s U.S. and international mortgage insurance and reinsurance operations as well as government sponsored enterprise (“GSE”) credit-risk sharing transactions. Arch Mortgage Insurance Company and United Guaranty Residential Insurance Company (combined “Arch MI U.S.”) are approved as eligible mortgage insurers by Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), each a GSE.

The corporate (non-underwriting) segment results include net investment income, other income (loss), corporate expenses, UGC transaction costs and other, interest expense, items related to the Company’s non-cumulative preferred shares, net realized gains or losses, net impairment losses included in earnings, equity in net income or loss of investment funds accounted for using the equity method, net foreign exchange gains or losses and income taxes. Such amounts exclude the results of the ‘other’ segment.

The ‘other’ segment includes the results of Watford Re (see Note 11). Watford Re has its own management and board of directors that is responsible for the overall profitability of the ‘other’ segment. For the ‘other’ segment, performance is measured based on net income or loss.

The following tables summarize the Company’s underwriting income or loss by segment, together with a reconciliation of underwriting income or loss to net income available to Arch common shareholders:



	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2018
	Insurance			Reinsurance			Mortgage			Sub-Total			Other			Total

Gross premiums written (1)	$	769,372		$	490,327		$	330,990		$	1,591,202		$	175,175		$	1,696,544
Premiums ceded	(245,265		)	(136,247		)	(50,867		)	(432,892		)	(34,589		)	(397,648		)
Net premiums written	524,107			354,080			280,123			1,158,310			140,586			1,298,896
Change in unearned premiums	22,342			(13,762		)	10,355			18,935			18,932			37,867
Net premiums earned	546,449			340,318			290,478			1,177,245			159,518			1,336,763
Other underwriting income (loss)	—			(129		)	3,315			3,186			688			3,874
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(357,465		)	(229,956		)	(21,591		)	(609,012		)	(117,141		)	(726,153		)
Acquisition expenses	(90,670		)	(50,142		)	(27,737		)	(168,549		)	(34,289		)	(202,838		)
Other operating expenses	(92,680		)	(35,678		)	(38,729		)	(167,087		)	(9,094		)	(176,181		)
Underwriting income (loss)	$	5,634		$	24,413		$	205,736		235,783			(318		)	235,465

Net investment income										107,761			27,907			135,668
Net realized gains (losses)										(59,545		)	(17,066		)	(76,611		)
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings										(470		)	—			(470		)
Equity in net income (loss) of investment funds accounted for using the equity method										8,472			—			8,472
Other income (loss)										3,113			—			3,113
Corporate expenses (2)										(15,604		)	—			(15,604		)
UGC transaction costs and other (2)										(6,908		)	—			(6,908		)
Amortization of intangible assets										(26,472		)	—			(26,472		)
Interest expense										(26,058		)	(4,286		)	(30,344		)
Net foreign exchange gains (losses)										46,211			7,495			53,706
Income before income taxes										266,283			13,732			280,015
Income tax expense										(23,644		)	(24		)	(23,668		)
Net income										242,639			13,708			256,347
Dividends attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests										—			(4,585		)	(4,585		)
Amounts attributable to nonredeemable noncontrolling interests										—			(8,116		)	(8,116		)
Net income available to Arch										242,639			1,007			243,646
Preferred dividends										(10,403		)	—			(10,403		)
Net income available to Arch common shareholders										$	232,236		$	1,007		$	233,243

Underwriting Ratios
Loss ratio	65.4		%	67.6		%	7.4		%	51.7		%	73.4		%	54.3		%
Acquisition expense ratio	16.6		%	14.7		%	9.5		%	14.3		%	21.5		%	15.2		%
Other operating expense ratio	17.0		%	10.5		%	13.3		%	14.2		%	5.7		%	13.2		%
Combined ratio	99.0		%	92.8		%	30.2		%	80.2		%	100.6		%	82.7		%

Goodwill and intangible assets	$	20,724		$	—		$	564,634		$	585,358		$	7,650		$	593,008


(1)	Certain amounts included in the gross premiums written of each segment are related to intersegment transactions. Accordingly, the sum of gross premiums written for each segment does not agree to the total gross premiums written as shown in the table above due to the elimination of intersegment transactions in the total.


(2)	Certain expenses have been excluded from ‘corporate expenses’ and reflected in ‘UGC transaction costs and other.’



	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2017
	Insurance			Reinsurance			Mortgage			Sub-Total			Other			Total

Gross premiums written (1)	$	743,902		$	453,186		$	336,226		$	1,533,142		$	152,813		$	1,609,659
Premiums ceded	(247,446		)	(115,262		)	(62,314		)	(424,850		)	(12,410		)	(360,964		)
Net premiums written	496,456			337,924			273,912			1,108,292			140,403			1,248,695
Change in unearned premiums	21,118			(23,222		)	(16,068		)	(18,172		)	10,351			(7,821		)
Net premiums earned	517,574			314,702			257,844			1,090,120			150,754			1,240,874
Other underwriting income (loss)	—			(279		)	4,277			3,998			824			4,822
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(350,939		)	(207,606		)	(20,694		)	(579,239		)	(110,621		)	(689,860		)
Acquisition expenses	(78,872		)	(51,151		)	(25,666		)	(155,689		)	(34,747		)	(190,436		)
Other operating expenses	(92,267		)	(36,711		)	(32,150		)	(161,128		)	(8,853		)	(169,981		)
Underwriting income (loss)	$	(4,504	)	$	18,955		$	183,611		198,062			(2,643		)	195,419

Net investment income										92,520			18,604			111,124
Net realized gains (losses)										18,046			3,689			21,735
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings										(1,730		)	—			(1,730		)
Equity in net income (loss) of investment funds accounted for using the equity method										32,706			—			32,706
Other income (loss)										(1,994		)	—			(1,994		)
Corporate expenses (2)										(22,201		)	—			(22,201		)
UGC transaction costs and other (2)										(2,675		)	—			(2,675		)
Amortization of intangible assets										(30,824		)	—			(30,824		)
Interest expense										(25,912		)	(2,837		)	(28,749		)
Net foreign exchange gains (losses)										(37,821		)	(1,722		)	(39,543		)
Income before income taxes										218,177			15,091			233,268
Income tax expense										(34,169		)	—			(34,169		)
Net income										184,008			15,091			199,099
Dividends attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests										—			(4,586		)	(4,586		)
Amounts attributable to nonredeemable noncontrolling interests										—			(9,346		)	(9,346		)
Net income available to Arch										184,008			1,159			185,167
Preferred dividends										(11,349		)	—			(11,349		)
Net income available to Arch common shareholders										$	172,659		$	1,159		$	173,818

Underwriting Ratios
Loss ratio	67.8		%	66.0		%	8.0		%	53.1		%	73.4		%	55.6		%
Acquisition expense ratio	15.2		%	16.3		%	10.0		%	14.3		%	23.0		%	15.3		%
Other operating expense ratio	17.8		%	11.7		%	12.5		%	14.8		%	5.9		%	13.7		%
Combined ratio	100.8		%	94.0		%	30.5		%	82.2		%	102.3		%	84.6		%

Goodwill and intangible assets	$	24,480		$	609		$	680,236		$	705,325		$	7,650		$	712,975


(1)	Certain amounts included in the gross premiums written of each segment are related to intersegment transactions. Accordingly, the sum of gross premiums written for each segment does not agree to the total gross premiums written as shown in the table above due to the elimination of intersegment transactions in the total.


(2)	Certain expenses have been excluded from ‘corporate expenses’ and reflected in ‘UGC transaction costs and other.’



	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2018
	Insurance			Reinsurance			Mortgage			Sub-Total			Other			Total

Gross premiums written (1)	$	1,592,750		$	1,067,810		$	652,168		$	3,312,807		$	389,045		$	3,534,758
Premiums ceded	(492,445		)	(331,977		)	(97,004		)	(921,505		)	(68,907		)	(823,318		)
Net premiums written	1,100,305			735,833			555,164			2,391,302			320,138			2,711,440
Change in unearned premiums	(15,119		)	(116,343		)	15,556			(115,906		)	(23,872		)	(139,778		)
Net premiums earned	1,085,186			619,490			570,720			2,275,396			296,266			2,571,662
Other underwriting income (loss)	—			1,103			6,731			7,834			1,389			9,223
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(711,195		)	(371,631		)	(65,057		)	(1,147,883		)	(215,130		)	(1,363,013		)
Acquisition expenses	(175,839		)	(98,461		)	(54,304		)	(328,604		)	(65,610		)	(394,214		)
Other operating expenses	(184,654		)	(71,249		)	(77,500		)	(333,403		)	(17,793		)	(351,196		)
Underwriting income (loss)	$	13,498		$	79,252		$	380,590		473,340			(878		)	472,462

Net investment income										208,004			54,388			262,392
Net realized gains (losses)										(171,404		)	(16,205		)	(187,609		)
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings										(632		)	—			(632		)
Equity in net income (loss) of investment funds accounted for using the equity method										36,541			—			36,541
Other income (loss)										3,187			—			3,187
Corporate expenses (2)										(30,086		)	—			(30,086		)
UGC transaction costs and other (2)										(7,738		)	—			(7,738		)
Amortization of intangible assets										(53,208		)	—			(53,208		)
Interest expense										(51,965		)	(9,015		)	(60,980		)
Net foreign exchange gains (losses)										31,172			2,813			33,985
Income before income taxes										437,211			31,103			468,314
Income tax expense										(45,556		)	(27		)	(45,583		)
Net income										391,655			31,076			422,731
Dividends attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests										—			(9,170		)	(9,170		)
Amounts attributable to nonredeemable noncontrolling interests										—			(19,492		)	(19,492		)
Net income available to Arch										391,655			2,414			394,069
Preferred dividends										(20,840		)	—			(20,840		)
Loss on redemption of preferred shares										(2,710		)	—			(2,710		)
Net income available to Arch common shareholders										$	368,105		$	2,414		$	370,519

Underwriting Ratios
Loss ratio	65.5		%	60.0		%	11.4		%	50.4		%	72.6		%	53.0		%
Acquisition expense ratio	16.2		%	15.9		%	9.5		%	14.4		%	22.1		%	15.3		%
Other operating expense ratio	17.0		%	11.5		%	13.6		%	14.7		%	6.0		%	13.7		%
Combined ratio	98.7		%	87.4		%	34.5		%	79.5		%	100.7		%	82.0		%


(1)	Certain amounts included in the gross premiums written of each segment are related to intersegment transactions. Accordingly, the sum of gross premiums written for each segment does not agree to the total gross premiums written as shown in the table above due to the elimination of intersegment transactions in the total.


(2)	Certain expenses have been excluded from ‘corporate expenses’ and reflected in ‘UGC transaction costs and other.’



	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2017
	Insurance			Reinsurance			Mortgage			Sub-Total			Other			Total

Gross premiums written (1)	$	1,526,183		$	928,968		$	684,849		$	3,139,828		$	306,933		$	3,267,649
Premiums ceded	(481,541		)	(281,354		)	(136,239		)	(898,962		)	(22,844		)	(742,694		)
Net premiums written	1,044,642			647,614			548,610			2,240,866			284,089			2,524,955
Change in unearned premiums	(21,422		)	(88,061		)	(46,243		)	(155,726		)	(11,338		)	(167,064		)
Net premiums earned	1,023,220			559,553			502,367			2,085,140			272,751			2,357,891
Other underwriting income (loss)	—			(585		)	8,400			7,815			1,640			9,455
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(683,580		)	(313,060		)	(49,759		)	(1,046,399		)	(196,031		)	(1,242,430		)
Acquisition expenses	(153,740		)	(97,298		)	(54,432		)	(305,470		)	(67,255		)	(372,725		)
Other operating expenses	(180,393		)	(74,244		)	(74,020		)	(328,657		)	(16,043		)	(344,700		)
Underwriting income (loss)	$	5,507		$	74,366		$	332,556		412,429			(4,938		)	407,491

Net investment income										188,332			40,666			228,998
Net realized gains (losses)										46,558			9,330			55,888
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings										(3,537		)	—			(3,537		)
Equity in net income (loss) of investment funds accounted for using the equity method										80,794			—			80,794
Other income (loss)										(2,776		)	—			(2,776		)
Corporate expenses (2)										(34,409		)	—			(34,409		)
UGC transaction costs and other (2)										(18,259		)	—			(18,259		)
Amortization of intangible assets										(62,118		)	—			(62,118		)
Interest expense										(51,668		)	(5,757		)	(57,425		)
Net foreign exchange gains (losses)										(57,666		)	(1,281		)	(58,947		)
Income before income taxes										497,680			38,020			535,700
Income tax expense										(62,566		)	—			(62,566		)
Net income										435,114			38,020			473,134
Dividends attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests										—			(9,170		)	(9,170		)
Amounts attributable to nonredeemable noncontrolling interests										—			(25,670		)	(25,670		)
Net income available to Arch										435,114			3,180			438,294
Preferred dividends										(22,567		)	—			(22,567		)
Net income available to Arch common shareholders										$	412,547		$	3,180		$	415,727

Underwriting Ratios
Loss ratio	66.8		%	55.9		%	9.9		%	50.2		%	71.9		%	52.7		%
Acquisition expense ratio	15.0		%	17.4		%	10.8		%	14.6		%	24.7		%	15.8		%
Other operating expense ratio	17.6		%	13.3		%	14.7		%	15.8		%	5.9		%	14.6		%
Combined ratio	99.4		%	86.6		%	35.4		%	80.6		%	102.5		%	83.1		%


(1)	Certain amounts included in the gross premiums written of each segment are related to intersegment transactions. Accordingly, the sum of gross premiums written for each segment does not agree to the total gross premiums written as shown in the table above due to the elimination of intersegment transactions in the total.


(2)	Certain expenses have been excluded from ‘corporate expenses’ and reflected in ‘UGC transaction costs and other.’