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2018 was another busy and successful year for the bank. We completed a number of projects including the acquisition of United Community Bancorp (UCB) in September. The bank is now approximately $2.1 billion in asset size and operates 35 branch offices and three loan production offices. We operate in 12 Ohio counties, two southeast Indiana counties and one northern Kentucky county.

Growth continues to be a key strategic initiative for the company. We believe growth is good for our shareholders, our customers, our employees and our communities. For example, community banks over $2 billion in assets generally trade at higher multiples than banks under $2 billion in assets. These banks are also some of the most efficient banks in the country, and provides the resources to bring expanded and innovative products and services to our customers. Growth and acquisition also allows us to bring products and services to new customers. The acquisition of UCB provided us the opportunity to introduce wealth and trust services. Growth also provides greater job experiences and opportunities for our employees. We are very supportive of internally developing staff and management through education, advancement, and promotion. Finally, we believe growth is good for our communities.

Civista strongly believes in investing in the communities that we serve. Each year, we donate significant dollars to local schools, civic and non-profit organizations throughout our footprint. Our employees donate their time, serving in leadership roles or as active volunteers, at hundreds of organizations where we live and work. We may be larger, but we pride ourselves on our commitment to our communities.

In addition to the UCB acquisition, a couple of our more noteworthy accomplishments in 2018 was the redesign of our bank website, civista.bank and the implementation of a product called Branch Anywhere, an innovative mobile strategy that can be used with electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets and is integrated with our core system. The Branch Anywhere product allows our bankers to be more mobile and to meet with existing and potential customers throughout our footprint and outside the bank at their convenience. The websites are now more user friendly and easier to navigate and should provide the user with quicker access to information. Our continual investments in technology is focused on making the organization more efficient and on improving the overall customer experience to make it easier to do business with us. We continue to evaluate the changing ways that customers do business with us and we are constantly looking to make enhancements to our online and digital products to provide more convenience and greater security.

Civista’s financial performance in 2018 was very strong. We are very pleased with our accomplishments and the operational results of the company. Our goal is to remain an independent community bank. We continue to believe that we earn our independence.

2018 net income available to common shareholders was $13,180,000 or $1.02 diluted earnings per share, which included non-recurring acquisition and integration expenses of $12,700,000 as well as $413,000 loss on the sales of securities as we repositioned some securities to earn a higher yield. Our core adjusted earnings for the year was $24,650,000, or $1.85 diluted earnings per share. This compares to 2017 net income available to common shareholders of $14,628,000 or $1.28 diluted earnings per share.

Our loans at year end 2018 totaled $1,561,941,000, a 34.1% increase from $1,164,661,000 at year end 2017. The increase in loans is a result of approximately $299,000,000 in net loans from the September acquisition of UCB and approximately $98,000,000 in organic loan growth throughout our footprint. In 2018 our loans, plus approximately $368,385,000 in investment securities, generated $72,942,000 in interest income. This compares to $58,096,000 for the year 2017. This is an increase in interest income of 25.6%.

To fund our loan growth, we gather deposits which totaled $1,579,839,000 at year end 2018 compared to $1,204,923,000 at year end 2017. This was an increase of $374,970,000 or 31.1%. Nearly all of the increase was attributable to the UCB acquisition. Core deposits in our legacy markets were stable in 2018. The funding costs in 2018 were $7,570,000, compared to $4,092,000 in 2017, an increase of 85.0%.

The result was net interest income of $66,107,000 for 2018 compared to $54,502,000 for 2017. This resultant net interest income translates into an interest margin of 4.21% for 2018 compared to 4.01% for the year 2017. The median interest margin for companies our size in the Midwest was 3.53% at the end of the third quarter (last available information). We are very pleased at the comparison of this peer rate of 3.53% to our year end 4.21%. The positive margin difference of 68 basis points multiplied times approximately $1,900,000,000 in loans and investments is significant. The result supports our operating philosophy of how we gather deposits and put those deposits to work in lending.

Noninterest income for 2018 totaled $18,131,000. This was an increase of $1,797,000, or 11%, from the prior year. Within that total, wealth management fees increased $601,000, ATM and interchange revenue increased $490,000 and service charge revenue increased $431,000. At the end of the third quarter (last comparative information available) our noninterest income to average assets at the bank was 1.07% compared to the State of Ohio average of 0.80%. While we are pleased with our level of noninterest income, we believe there are continued revenue opportunities in all of the markets that we serve.

Noninterest expenses for 2018 were $66,679,000. Total noninterest expense increased $18,075,000 from the total in 2017. The driving categories were compensation expense, professional services, occupancy and equipment and data processing. Approximately $12,700,000 of the expenses were one-time, non-recurring acquisition and integration costs related to the UCB acquisition. Compensation expense was up due to the addition of 82 new full time employees from the acquisition. We added eight new branches and a loan production office in the acquisition, which increased occupancy and equipment costs. Other items that increased expenses included base pay increases in 2018 for all employees and higher health care costs.

The last component in the bottom-line calculation is provision for loan loss. For 2018, we expensed $780,000 for a loan loss provision. We perform an extensive exercise in examining the adequacy of our loss reserve. We believe we are adequately funded at year end with $13,679,000 in our reserve with our allowance for loan loss covering our non-performing loans 149.67%. Our overall credit quality remains very good.

So in summary, 2018 was a record year in terms of growth, revenue and core adjusted earnings. We are confident our disciplined approach to managing Civista and our long term focus on driving shareholder value will continue to yield positive results. We are focused on establishing and building long term relationships with our customers. Our vision is to work together to be the community’s trusted financial provider.

As always, please read your proxy and vote your shares in your company. We hope to see you at the annual meeting.

	Year ended December 31,
	2018			2017		2016			2015			2014
Statements of income:
Total interest and dividend income	$	73,677		$	58,594	$	53,567		$	50,701		$	45,970
Total interest expense		7,570			4,092		3,308			3,309			4,104
Net interest income		66,107			54,502		50,259			47,392			41,866
Provision (credit) for loan losses		780			—		(1,300	)		1,200			1,500
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		65,327			54,502		51,559			46,192			40,366
Security gains/(losses)		(413	)		12		19			(18	)		113
Other noninterest income		18,544			16,322		16,113			14,296			13,761
Total noninterest income		18,131			16,334		16,132			14,278			13,874
Total noninterest expense		66,679			48,604		43,855			42,944			41,550
Income before federal income taxes		16,779			22,232		23,836			17,526			12,690
Federal income tax expense		2,640			6,360		6,619			4,781			3,162
Net income	$	14,139		$	15,872	$	17,217		$	12,745		$	9,528
Preferred stock dividends and discount accretion		959			1,244		1,501			1,577			1,873
Net income available to common shareholders	$	13,180		$	14,628	$	15,716		$	11,168		$	7,655
Per common share earnings:
Available to common shareholders (basic)		1.10			1.48		1.96			1.43			0.99
Available to common shareholders (diluted)		1.02			1.28		1.57			1.17			0.85
Dividends		0.32			0.25		0.22			0.20			0.19
Book value		18.56			16.39		14.22			13.12			12.04
Average common shares outstanding:
Basic		11,971,786			9,906,856		8,010,399			7,822,369			7,707,917
Diluted		13,855,706			12,352,616		10,950,961			10,918,335			10,904,848
Year-end balances:
Loans, net	$	1,548,262		$	1,151,527	$	1,042,201		$	987,166		$	900,589
Securities		368,385			245,309		209,919			209,701			210,491
Total assets		2,138,954			1,525,857		1,377,263			1,315,041			1,213,191
Deposits		1,579,893			1,204,923		1,121,103			1,052,033			968,918
Borrowings		245,226			123,082		106,852			125,667			116,240
Shareholders’ equity		298,898			184,461		137,616			125,173			115,909
Average balances:
Loans, net	$	1,261,568		$	1,095,956	$	1,011,683		$	966,786		$	858,532
Securities		273,998			234,249		213,496			211,436			214,123
Total assets		1,742,823			1,526,387		1,441,717			1,336,645			1,234,406
Deposits		1,341,860			1,236,663		1,210,283			1,107,445			1,026,093
Borrowings		167,752			101,880		79,391			95,132			83,058
Shareholders’ equity		217,371			172,763		133,445			120,350			114,266

	Year ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016			2015			2014
Net interest margin		4.21	%		4.01	%		3.93	%		3.96	%		3.79	%
Return on average total assets		0.81			1.04			1.19			0.95			0.77
Return on average shareholders’ equity		6.50			9.19			12.90			10.59			8.34
Dividend payout ratio		30.48			16.89			11.22			13.99			19.19
Average shareholders’ equity as a percent of average total assets		12.47			11.32			9.26			9.00			9.26
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) as a percent of average total loans		0.02			0.02			(0.02	)		0.11			0.43
Allowance for loan losses as a percent of loans at year-end		0.88			1.13			1.26			1.43			1.56
Shareholders’ equity as a percent of total year-end assets		13.97			12.09			9.99			9.52			9.55

Set forth below is a line graph comparing the five-year cumulative return of the common shares of Civista Bancshares, Inc. (ticker symbol CIVB), based on an initial investment of $100 on December 31, 2013 and assuming reinvestment of dividends, with the cumulative return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, the NASDAQ Bank Index and the SNL Bank Index. The comparative indices were obtained from SNL Securities and NASDAQ.

A copy of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, will be furnished, free of charge, to shareholders, upon written request to Lance A. Morrison, Secretary of Civista Bancshares, Inc., 100 East Water Street, Sandusky, Ohio 44870.

The common shares of Civista Bancshares, Inc. (“CBI”) trade on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CIVB”. As of February 19, 2019, there were 15,603,499 common shares outstanding and held by approximately 1,507 shareholders of record (not including the number of persons or entities holding stock in nominee or street name through various brokerage firms). Information below is the range of sales prices of our common shares for each quarter for the last two years for trades occurring during normal trading hours as reported on The NASDAQ Capital Market.

Information regarding potential restrictions on the payment of dividends can be found in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of the Management’s Discussion and Analysis and in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

On February 24, 2017, CBI completed a public offering of 1,610,000 of its common shares at a price of $21.75 per share. The offering resulted in gross proceeds of approximately $35.0 million and net proceeds of approximately $32.8 million.

On December 19, 2013, CBI completed a public offering of 1,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th ownership interest in a Noncumulative Redeemable Convertible Perpetual Preferred Share, Series B (the “Series B Preferred Shares”), of CBI. The depositary shares trade on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CIVBP.” The terms of the Series B Preferred Shares provide for the payment of quarterly dividends on the Series B Preferred Shares (and, therefore, the depositary shares) at the rate of 6.50% per annum of the liquidation preference of $1,000 per Series B Preferred Share (or $25.00 per depositary share). Dividends are noncumulative and are payable if, when and as declared by the board of directors. However, no dividends may be declared or paid on the common shares of CBI during any calendar quarter unless full dividends on the Series B Preferred Shares (and, therefore, the depositary shares) have been declared for that quarter and all dividends previously declared on the Series B Preferred Shares (and, therefore, the depositary shares) have been paid in full. As of February 19, 2019, a total of 404,818 depository shares were outstanding.

CBI was organized under the laws of the State of Ohio on February 19, 1987 and is a registered financial holding company under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Modernization Act of 1999, as amended. CBI and its subsidiaries are sometimes referred to together as the Company. The Company’s office is located at 100 East Water Street, Sandusky, Ohio. The Company had total consolidated assets of $2,138,954 at December 31, 2018.

CIVISTA BANK (“Civista”), owned by the Company since 1987, opened for business in 1884 as The Citizens National Bank. In 1898, Civista was reorganized under Ohio banking law and was known as The Citizens Bank and Trust Company. In 1908, Civista surrendered its trust charter and began operation as The Citizens Banking Company. The name Civista Bank was introduced during the first quarter of 2015 to solidify our dual Citizens/Champaign brand and distinguish ourselves from the many other banks using the “Citizens” name in our existing and prospective markets. Civista maintains its main office at 100 East Water Street, Sandusky, Ohio and operates branch banking offices in the following Ohio communities: Sandusky (2), Norwalk (2), Berlin Heights, Huron, Port Clinton, Castalia, New Washington, Shelby (2), Willard, Greenwich, Plymouth, Shiloh, Akron, Dublin, Plain City, Russells Point, Urbana (2), West Liberty, Quincy, Dayton(3). Civista also operates loan production offices in Mayfield Heights and Westlake, Ohio and in September 2018 we acquired eight offices of United Community Bancorp (“UCB”) in the Indiana communities of Lawrenceburg (3), Aurora, West Harrison, Milan, Osgood and Versailles and a loan production office in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky. Civista accounted for 99.7% of the Company’s consolidated assets at December 31, 2018.

FIRST CITIZENS INSURANCE AGENCY INC. (“FCIA”) was formed to allow the Company to participate in commission revenue generated through its third party insurance agreement. Assets of FCIA were less than one percent of the Company’s consolidated assets as of December 31, 2018.

WATER STREET PROPERTIES, INC. (“WSP”) was formed to hold properties repossessed by CBI subsidiaries. WSP accounted for less than one percent of the Company’s consolidated assets as of December 31, 2018.

FC REFUND SOLUTIONS, INC. (“FCRS”) was formed during 2012 and remained inactive for the periods presented.

FIRST CITIZENS INVESTMENTS, INC. (“FCI”) is wholly-owned by Civista and holds and manages its securities portfolio. The operations of FCI are located in Wilmington, Delaware.

FIRST CITIZENS CAPITAL LLC (“FCC”) is wholly-owned by Civista and holds inter-company debt that is eliminated in consolidation. The operations of FCC are located in Wilmington, Delaware.

CIVB RISK MANAGEMENT, INC. (“CRMI”) is a wholly-owned captive insurance company formed in 2017 which insures against certain risks unique to the operations of the Company and its subsidiaries and for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in today's insurance marketplace. Assets of CRMI were less than one percent of the Company’s consolidated assets as of December 31, 2018.

On September 14, 2018, CBI completed the acquisition by merger of United Community Bancorp (“UCB”) in a stock and cash transaction for aggregate consideration of approximately $117,344. Immediately following the merger, UCB’s banking subsidiary, United Community Bank, was merged into CBI’s banking subsidiary, Civista Bank. At the time of the merger, UCB had total assets of $537,875, including $298,319 in loans, and $475,944 in deposits. As a result of the merger, we acquired eight offices of UCB in the Indiana communities of Lawrenceburg (3), Aurora, West Harrison, Milan, Osgood and Versailles and a loan production office in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

The following paragraphs more fully discuss the significant highlights, changes and trends as they relate to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and during the three-year period ended December 31, 2018. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included elsewhere in this report.

This report may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), relating to such matters as financial condition, anticipated operating results, cash flows, business line results, credit quality expectations, prospects for new lines of business, economic trends (including interest rates) and similar matters. Forward-looking statements reflect our expectations, estimates or projections concerning future results or events. These statements are generally identified by the use of forward-looking words or phrases such as “believe,” “belief,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “may,” “could,” “intend,” “intent,” “estimate,” “plan,” “foresee,” “likely,” “will,” “should” or other similar words or phrases. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance and are inherently subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, changes in financial markets or national or local economic conditions; adverse changes in the real estate market; volatility and direction of market interest rates; credit risks of lending activities; operational risks; changes in the allowance for loan losses; legislation or regulatory changes or actions; increases in FDIC insurance premiums and assessments; changes in tax laws; accounting changes; inability to raise additional capital if and when needed in the future; unexpected losses of key management; failure, interruptions or breach of security of our communications and information systems or those of our third party service providers; unforeseen litigation; increased competition in our market area; failures to manage growth and/or effectively integrate acquisitions; future revenues of our tax refund program; climate change, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, and other external events; and other risks identified from time-to-time in the Company’s other public documents on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The forward-looking statements included in this report are only made as of the date of this report, and we disclaim any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, except as required by law.

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements, and the purpose of this section is to secure the use of the safe harbor provisions.

At December 31, 2018, the Company’s total assets were $2,138,954, compared to $1,525,857 at December 31, 2017. The increase in assets is primarily the result of the acquisition of UCB in September 2018. Other factors contributing to the change in assets are discussed in the following sections.

At $1,548,262, net loans increased from December 31, 2017 by 34.5%. The increase in net loans was spread across most segments and resulted primarily from the acquisition of net loans totaling $298,319 from UCB. Commercial & Agriculture loans increased $24,628, with a total of $14,362 of these loans being acquired as part of the UCB acquisition. Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans increased $46,022, with a total of $36,945 of these loans being acquired as part of the UCB acquisition. Commercial Real Estate - Non-Owner Occupied loans increased $97,975, with a total of $52,460 of these loans being acquired as part of the UCB acquisition. Residential Real Estate loans increased $189,115, with a total of $176,204 of these loans being acquired as part of the UCB acquisition. Real estate construction loans increased $37,664, with a total of $11,360 of these loans being acquired as part of the UCB acquisition. Farm Real Estate loans decreased $948, with a total of $1,813 of these loans being acquired as part of the UCB acquisition. Consumer and other loans increased $2,824, with a total of $5,175 of these loans being acquired as part of the UCB acquisition.

Securities available for sale increased by $116,064, or 50.4%, from $230,230 at December 31, 2017 to $346,294 at December 31, 2018. U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies increased $327 from $30,358 at December 31, 2017 to $30,685 at December 31, 2018. Obligations of states and political subdivisions available for sale increased by $54,015 from 2017 to 2018, with a total of $15,021 being acquired as part of the UCB acquisition. Mortgage-backed securities increased by $61,722 to total $143,538 at December 31, 2018, with a total of $28,193 being acquired as part of the UCB acquisition. The Company continues to utilize letters of credit from the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) to replace maturing securities that were pledged for public entities. As of December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all pledging requirements.

Mortgage-backed securities totaled $143,538 at December 31, 2018 and none were considered unusual or “high risk” securities as defined by regulatory authorities. Of this total, $99,759 consisted of pass-through securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), and Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), and $43,779 of these securities were collateralized by mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by FNMA, FHLMC, or GNMA. The average interest rate of the mortgage-backed portfolio at December 31, 2018 was 3.3%. The average maturity at December 31, 2018 was approximately 5.4 years. The Company has not invested in any derivative securities.

Securities available for sale had a fair value at December 31, 2018 of $346,294. This fair value includes unrealized gains of approximately $4,906 and unrealized losses of approximately $1,935. Net unrealized gains totaled $2,971 on December 31, 2018 compared to net unrealized gains of $3,680 on December 31, 2017. The change in unrealized gains is primarily due to changes in market interest rates. Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information on unrealized gains and losses.

Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, increased $4,410 from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018. The increase is attributed to the acquisition of UCB assets of $5,291, consisting of branch offices and equipment within these branches and new purchases of $1,472. These increases were offset by disposals, net of gains of $1,043 and depreciation of $1,515.

Goodwill increased by $49,756, from $27,095 at December 31, 2017 to $76,851 at December 31, 2018. The increase is due to the goodwill created from the merger with UCB. Other intangible assets increased $8,073 from year-end 2017. The increase includes $7,518 of core deposit intangibles and $894 of mortgage servicing rights from the merger with UCB.

Bank owned life insurance (BOLI) increased $17,912 from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018. BOLI acquired from the merger with UCB totaled $17,193. The difference is the result of increases in the cash surrender value of the underlying insurance policies.

Year-end deposit balances totaled $1,579,893 in 2018 compared to $1,204,923 in 2017, an increase of $374,970, or 31.1%. Overall, the increase in deposits at December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 included increases in noninterest bearing demand deposits of $106,119, or 29.3%, interest bearing demand accounts of $78,316, or 42.6%, statement and passbook savings accounts of $146,751, or 33.7%, certificate of deposit accounts of $15,599, or 7.8% and individual retirement accounts of $28,185, or 121.8%. A primary factor of the increase in deposits can be attributed to the acquisition of UCB, which added $112,787 of noninterest-bearing deposits and $363,157 of interest-bearing deposits. Average deposit balances for 2018 were $1,341,860 compared to $1,236,663 for 2017, an increase of 8.5%. Noninterest bearing deposits averaged $466,763 for 2018, compared to $450,648 for 2017, increasing $16,115, or 3.6%. Savings, NOW, and MMDA accounts averaged $685,497 for 2018 compared to $585,218 for 2017. Average certificates of deposit decreased $11,197 to total an average balance of $189,600 for 2018.

Borrowings from the FHLB of Cincinnati were $193,600 at December 31, 2018. The detail of these borrowings can be found in Note 10 and Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The balance increased $121,700 from $71,900 at year-end 2017. The increase is due to an increase in overnight funds of $131,700. In addition, on February 15, 2018, an FHLB advance in the amount of $10,000 matured. This advance had terms of forty-two months with a fixed rate of 1.5%. The advance was not replaced.

Civista offers repurchase agreements in the form of sweep accounts to commercial checking account customers. These repurchase agreements totaled $22,199 at December 31, 2018 compared to $21,755 at December 31, 2017. U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies maintained under Civista’s control are pledged as collateral for the repurchase agreements. The detail related to these repurchase agreements can be found in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Total shareholders’ equity increased $114,437, or 62.0%, during 2018 to $298,898. The increase in shareholders’ equity resulted primarily from the issuance of common shares as part of the consideration in the acquisition of UCB, which added $104,669 to shareholders’ equity. Shareholders’ equity was also positively impacted by net income of $14,139, a decrease in the Company’s pension liability, net of tax, of $510, a decrease in the fair value of securities available for sale, net of tax, of $560 and offset by dividends on preferred shares and common shares of $959 and $3,790, respectively. Additionally, $428 was recognized as stock-based compensation in connection with the grant of restricted common shares. For further explanation of these items, see Note 1, Note 15 and Note 16 to the Consolidated

Financial Statements. The Company paid $0.32 per common share in dividends in 2018 compared to $0.25 per common share in dividends in 2017. Total outstanding common shares at December 31, 2018 were 15,603,499. Total outstanding common shares at December 31, 2017 were 10,198,475. The increase in common shares outstanding is the result of the issuance of 4,277,430 common shares to former shareholders of UCB in connection with the acquisition of UCB effective September 14, 2018, the conversion of 8,640 of the Company’s previously issued preferred shares into 1,104,735 common shares, the grant of 16,510 restricted common shares to certain officers under the Company’s 2014 Incentive Plan, the grant of 7,071 common shares to directors of Civista as a retainer for their service and the forfeiture of 722 restricted common shares on December 5, 2018. The ratio of total shareholders’ equity to total assets was 14.0% and 12.1%, at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The operating results of the Company are affected by general economic conditions, the monetary and fiscal policies of federal agencies and the regulatory policies of agencies that regulate financial institutions. The Company’s cost of funds is influenced by interest rates on competing investments and general market rates of interest. Lending activities are influenced by the demand for real estate loans and other types of loans, which in turn is affected by the interest rates at which such loans are made, general economic conditions and the availability of funds for lending activities.

The Company’s net income primarily depends on its net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. The level of net interest income is dependent on the interest rate environment and the volume and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Net income is also affected by provisions for loan losses, service charges, gains on the sale of assets, other non-interest income, noninterest expense and income taxes.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017

The Company’s net income for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $14,139, compared to $15,872 for the year ended December 31, 2017. The change in net income was the result of the items discussed in the following sections.

Net interest income for 2018 was $66,107, an increase of $11,605, or 21.3%, from 2017. Average earning assets increased 13.5% from 2017. Interest income increased $15,083. In addition, interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities increased $3,478. The Company continually examines its rate structure to ensure that its interest rates are competitive and reflective of the current rate environment in which it competes.

Total interest income increased $15,083, or 25.7%, from 2017 which is the result of an increase of $12,998 in interest and fees on loans (including the interest and fees on loans acquired through the UCB acquisition). The increase was mainly a result of an increase in loan volume and rates. Average loans increased $165,710 from 2017 to 2018. The yield on the Company’s loan portfolio increased 42 basis points from 2017. Interest on taxable securities increased $1,025for 2018 as compared to 2017. The average balance for 2018 compared to 2017 increased $14,766 while the yield increased 35 basis points in 2018 compared to 2017. Interest on non-taxable securities increased $823for 2018 as compared to 2017. The average balance for 2018 compared to 2017 increased $24,983 while the yield decreased 107 basis points in 2018 compared to 2017. Interest earned on interest-bearing deposits in other banks increased $237 from 2017 to 2018. Average balances in interest-bearing deposits in other banks decreased in 2018 by $16,093 while the yield increased 81 basis points compared to 2017. The decrease in average balance is mainly due to a decrease in our tax refund processing balances in 2018. The timing of cash inflows and outflows leads to large, but temporary, fluctuations in cash on deposit.

Total interest expense increased $3,478 for 2018 compared to 2017. The total average balance of interest-bearing liabilities increased $154,954 while the average rate increased 27 basis points in 2018. Average interest-bearing deposits increased $89,082 from 2017 to 2018. While average balances in interest-bearing deposits increased, the average balance in time deposits declined $11,197 and the rate on time deposits increased approximately 35 basis points, which caused interest expense on certificates of deposit to increase by $569. Interest expense on FHLB borrowings increased $1,776 due to an increase in average balance of $65,653. The average balance in subordinated debentures did not change from 2017 to 2018, but the rate on these securities increased 97 basis points, resulting in an increase in interest expense of $285. Repurchase agreements increased $222 in average balance from 2017 to 2018. The UCB acquisition resulted in an increase in interest expense of $887 as of December 31, 2018.

Refer to “Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity; Interest Rates and Interest Differential” and “Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense Resulting from Changes in Volume and Changes in Rate” on pages 12 through 14 for further analysis of the impact of changes in interest-bearing assets and liabilities on the Company’s net interest income.

The following table contains information relating to the provision for loan losses, activity in and analysis of the allowance for loan losses as of and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31.

The Company’s policy is to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level sufficient to provide for probable losses incurred in the current portfolio. Management believes the analysis of the allowance for loan losses supported a reserve of $13,679 at December 31, 2018. The Company provides for loan losses through regular provisions to the allowance for loan losses. The amount of the provision is affected by loan charge-offs, recoveries and changes in specific and general allocations required for the allowance for loan losses. A number of factors impact the provisions for loan losses, such as the level of higher risk loans in the portfolio, changes in practices related to loans, changes in collateral values and other factors. We continue to actively manage this process and have provided to maintain the reserve at a level that assures adequate coverage ratios.

Provisions (credits) for loan losses totaled $780, $0 and ($1,300) in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. During 2016, the Company received a payoff on a nonperforming loan. This particular loan had been analyzed previously and had been charged down based on a deterioration of real estate collateral values during the recent recession. As a result of the payoff of the loan, the Company recovered the charged-down amount of approximately $1,303. The result of the transaction was a reversal of $1,300 from the allowance for loan losses during 2016.

Efforts are continually made to analyze each segment of the loan portfolio and quantify risk to assure that reserves are appropriate for each segment and the overall portfolio. Management specifically evaluates loans that are impaired, which includes restructured loans, to estimate potential loss. This analysis includes a review of the loss migration calculation for all loan categories as well as fluctuations and trends in various risk factors that have occurred within the portfolios’ economic life cycle. The analysis also includes assessment of qualitative factors such as credit trends, unemployment trends, vacancy trends and loan growth. The composition and overall level of the loan portfolio and charge-off activity are also factors used to determine the amount of the allowance for loan losses.

Management analyzes each impaired commercial and commercial real estate loan relationship with a balance of $350 or larger, on an individual basis and when it is in nonaccrual status or when an analysis of the borrower’s operating results and financial condition indicates that underlying cash flows are not adequate to meet its debt service requirements. Loans held for sale and leases are excluded from consideration as impaired. Loans are generally moved to nonaccrual status when 90 days or more past due. Impaired loans or portions thereof are charged-off when deemed uncollectible.

Noninterest income increased $1,797, or 11.0%, to $18,131 for the year ended December 31, 2018, from $16,334 for the comparable 2017 period. The increase was primarily due to increases in ATM/Interchange fees of $490, wealth management fees of $601, bank owned life insurance of $145, net gain on sale of other real estate owned of $46 and other income of $593 which were partially offset by a decrease in net gain (loss) on sale of securities of $425.

ATM/Interchange fees increased primarily due to an increase in interchange income as a result of the acquisition of UCB. The wealth management fee income increase is a result of average assets under management increasing $21.8 million in 2018, while assets under management decreased $7.9 million to $472.4 million at December 31, 2018. Bank owned life insurance income increased primarily due to the addition of BOLI policies from the acquisition of UCB. Sales of other real estate owned resulted in recognized gains of $18 on the sale of 2 properties in 2018 compared to losses of $28 on the sale of 6 properties in 2017. Other income increased primarily due to an increase in swap related income and deluxe check fee income. Net gain (loss) on sale of securities decreased compared to the same period of 2017. Management, from time to time, will reposition the investment portfolio to match liquidity needs of the Company.

Noninterest expense increased $18,075, or 37.2%, to $66,679 for the year ended December 31, 2018, from $48,604 for the comparable 2017 period. The increase was primarily due to increases in compensation expense of $8,046, net occupancy expense of $674, contracted data processing expense of $5,302, state franchise tax of $346, professional services expense of $1,929, ATM expense of $222, marketing expense of $365 and other operating expense of $1,479 which were partially offset by decreases in amortization of intangible assets of $220 and repossession expense of $192.

Compensation expense increased mainly due to merger related expenses of $5,230 paid in the acquisition of UCB in 2018. The remaining increase is due to payroll and payroll related expenses resulting from an increase in full time equivalent (FTE) employees and annual pay increases. FTE employees increased 84, to 431 FTE, as compared to the same period of 2017 as a result of the UCB acquisition. In addition, commission based costs and employee insurance costs increased. Net occupancy expense increased as a result of increases in miscellaneous building repairs, janitorial services and grounds maintenance. In addition, real estate taxes increased as a result of the acquisition of UCB. Contracted data processing increased due to $5,516 of UCB merger expenses related to the conversion of UCB’s core system data to the Company’s core system in 2018. State franchise tax increased due to an increase in the Company’s equity capital. Professional services expense increased due to $1,149 of legal and consulting expense related to the merger with UCB. In addition, the Company had increases in examination fees, facilities management and consulting services to analyze workflow systems. ATM expense increased primarily due to the addition of UCB.

Marketing expense increased due to $121 of marketing expenses related to the merger with UCB. In addition, the Company incurred higher promotional and benefits cost related to a change in vendors. Other operating expense increased due to general increases in components of other operating expenses. Amortization of intangible assets decreased as a result of scheduled amortization of intangible assets associated with mergers. Repossession expense decreased as a result of a general decrease in expenses related to repossessions.

Federal income tax expense was $2,640 in 2018 compared to $6,360 in 2017. Federal income tax expense as a percentage of pre-tax income was 15.7% in 2018 compared to 28.6% in 2017. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, enacted on December 22, 2017, lowered the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. A lower federal effective tax rate than the statutory rate of 21% in 2018 and 35% in 2017 is primarily due to tax-exempt interest income from state and municipal investments, municipal loans, income from BOLI and low income housing credits.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016

The Company’s net income for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $15,872, compared to $17,217 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The change in net income was the result of the items discussed in the following sections.

Net interest income for 2017 was $54,502, an increase of $4,243, or 8.4%, from 2016. Average earning assets increased 6.3% from 2016. Interest income increased $5,027, primarily due to increased loan volume. In addition, interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities increased $784. The Company continually examines its rate structure to ensure that its interest rates are competitive and reflective of the current rate environment in which it competes.

Total interest income increased $5,027, or 9.4%, from 2016. The increase was mainly a result of an increase in loan volume. Average loans increased $83,161 from 2016 to 2017. The yield on the Company’s loan portfolio increased 2 basis points from 2016. The average balance of the securities portfolio for 2017 compared to 2016 increased $20,753. Interest earned on the securities portfolio, including bank stocks, increased $913 from 2016 to 2017. Average balances in interest-bearing deposits in other banks decreased in 2017 by $20,366. The decrease in average balance is mainly due to a decrease in our tax refund processing balances in 2017. The timing of cash inflows and outflows leads to large, but temporary, fluctuations in cash on deposit.

Total interest expense increased $784 for 2017 compared to 2016. The total average balance of interest-bearing liabilities increased $32,822 while the average rate increased 7 basis point in 2017. Average interest-bearing deposits increased $10,333 from 2016 to 2017. While average balances in interest-bearing deposits increased, the average balance in time deposits declined $8,296 and the rate on time deposits increased approximately 14 basis points, which caused interest expense on certificates of deposit to increase by $221. Interest expense on FHLB borrowings increased $290 due to an increase in average balance of $26,019. The average balance in subordinated debentures did not change from 2016 to 2017, but the rate on these securities increased 52 basis points, resulting in an increase in interest expense of $151. Repurchase agreements decreased $3,533 in average balance from 2016 to 2017.

Management believes the analysis of the allowance for loan losses supported a reserve of $13,134 at December 31, 2017.

Provisions (credits) for loan losses totaled $0, ($1,300) and $1,200 in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. During 2016, the Company received a payoff on a nonperforming loan. This particular loan had been analyzed previously and had been charged down based on a deterioration of real estate collateral values during the recent recession. As a result of the payoff of the loan, the Company recovered the charged-down amount of approximately $1,303. The result of the transaction was a reversal of $1,300 from the allowance for loan losses during 2016.

Noninterest income increased $202, or 1.3%, to $16,334 for the year ended December 31, 2017, from $16,132 for the comparable 2016 period. The increase was primarily due to increases in ATM fees of $210 and wealth management fees of $390 which were partially offset by decreases in net gain on sale of other real estate owned of $180 and other income of $156.

ATM fees increased primarily due to an increase in interchange income received during 2017. The wealth management fee income increase is related to an increase in assets under management as well as market conditions. Assets under management increased $48.8 million during 2017. Sales of other real estate owned resulted in recognized losses of $28 on the sale of 6 properties in 2017 compared to gains of $152 on the sale of 9 properties in 2016. Other income decreased primarily due to a decrease in swap related income.

Noninterest expense increased $4,749, or 10.8%, to $48,604 for the year ended December 31, 2017, from $43,855 for the comparable 2016 period. The increase was primarily due to increases in compensation expense of $3,930, contracted data processing expense of $292, state franchise tax of $101, professional services expense of $405, ATM expenses of $242 and other operating expense of $175, which were partially offset by decreases in FDIC assessments of $109, amortization of intangible assets of $113 and marketing expense of $112.

Compensation expense increased mainly due to payroll and payroll related expenses resulting from an increase in full time equivalent (FTE) employees and annual pay increases. FTE employees increased 13, to 347 FTE, as compared to the same period of 2016. In addition, incentive based costs and employee insurance costs increased. Pension costs increased due to a pension curtailment incurred upon the retirement of some senior executives. Contracted data processing increased due to costs incurred to convert to new platform processing software for the wealth management department. State franchise tax increased due to an increase in the Company’s equity capital. Professional services expense increased due to recruitment activities, facilities management and professional services to analyze workflow systems. ATM expense increased due to the expiration of vendor credits in 2016 and ATM card related expenses. Other operating expense increased due to general increases in components of other operating expenses. The decrease in FDIC assessments is the result of a new lower assessment rate schedule that became effective in 2016. Amortization of intangible assets decreased as a result of scheduled amortization of intangible assets associated with mergers. A general decrease in marketing costs occurred in 2017.

Federal income tax expense was $6,360 in 2017 compared to $6,619 in 2016. Federal income tax expense as a percentage of pre-tax income was 28.6% in 2017 compared to 27.8% in 2016. A lower federal effective tax rate than the statutory rate of 35% in 2017 and 2016 is primarily due to tax-exempt interest income from state and municipal investments, municipal loans, income from BOLI and low income housing credits. Federal income tax expense decreased in 2017 primarily due to a decrease in pre-tax income. The increase in the effective tax rate in 2017 was a result of a $511 charge to income tax expense as a result of changes in the federal corporate income tax rate from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

The following table sets forth, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the distribution of assets, including interest amounts and average rates of major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (Amounts in thousands):

	2018								2017								2016
Assets	Average balance			Interest		Yield/ rate			Average balance			Interest		Yield/ rate			Average balance			Interest		Yield/ rate
Interest-earning assets:
Loans (1)(2)(3)(5)	$	1,274,779		$	64,196		5.04	%	$	1,109,069		$	51,198		4.62	%	$	1,025,908		$	47,186		4.60	%
Taxable securities (4)		159,451			4,770		2.97	%		144,685			3,745		2.62	%		137,179			3,319		2.47	%
Non-taxable securities (4)(5)		114,547			3,976		4.43	%		89,564			3,153		5.50	%		76,317			2,666		5.61	%
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks		45,766			735		1.61	%		61,859			498		0.81	%		82,225			396		0.48	%
Total interest income assets		1,594,543			73,677		4.69	%		1,405,177			58,594		4.30	%		1,321,629			53,567		4.18	%
Noninterest-earning assets:
Cash and due from financial institutions		43,247								45,801								49,888
Premises and equipment, net		19,045								18,027								17,101
Accrued interest receivable		5,514								4,697								4,432
Intangible assets		45,524								28,605								29,213
Other assets		17,678								12,374								10,230
Bank owned life insurance		30,483								24,819								23,449
Less allowance for loan losses		(13,211	)							(13,113	)							(14,225	)
Total	$	1,742,823							$	1,526,387							$	1,441,717

The following table sets forth, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the distribution of liabilities and shareholders’ equity, including interest amounts and average rates of major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (Amounts in thousands):

	2018							2017							2016
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	Average balance		Interest		Yield/ rate			Average balance		Interest		Yield/ rate			Average balance		Interest		Yield/ rate
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings and interest-bearing demand accounts	$	685,497	$	1,442		0.21	%	$	585,218	$	595		0.10	%	$	566,589	$	470		0.08	%
Certificates of deposit		189,600		2,316		1.22	%		200,797		1,747		0.87	%		209,093		1,526		0.73	%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		119,753		2,471		2.06	%		54,100		695		1.28	%		28,081		405		1.44	%
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		18,456		18		0.10	%		18,234		18		0.10	%		21,767		22		0.10	%
Federal funds purchased		116		3		2.59	%		119		2		1.68	%		116		1		0.86	%
Subordinated debentures		29,427		1,320		4.49	%		29,427		1,035		3.52	%		29,427		884		3.00	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		1,042,849		7,570		0.73	%		887,895		4,092		0.46	%		855,073		3,308		0.39	%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits		466,763							450,648							434,601
Other liabilities		15,840							15,081							18,598
		482,603							465,729							453,199
Shareholders’ equity		217,371							172,763							133,445
Total	$	1,742,823						$	1,526,387						$	1,441,717
Net interest income and interest rate spread (1)			$	66,107		3.96	%			$	54,502		3.84	%			$	50,259		3.79	%
Net interest margin (2)						4.21	%						4.01	%						3.93	%

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, a summary of the changes in interest income and interest expense resulting from changes in volume and changes in rate (Amounts in thousands):

	Increase (decrease) due to:
	Volume (1)			Rate (1)			Net
2018 compared to 2017
Interest income:
Loans	$	8,082		$	4,916		$	12,998
Taxable securities		486			539			1,025
Nontaxable securities		943			(120	)		823
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks		(156	)		393			237
Total interest income	$	9,355		$	5,728		$	15,083
Interest expense:
Savings and interest-bearing demand accounts	$	117		$	730		$	847
Certificates of deposit		(102	)		671			569
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		1,184			592			1,776
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		—			—			—
Federal funds purchased		—			1			1
Subordinated debentures		—			285			285
Total interest expense	$	1,199		$	2,279		$	3,478
Net interest income	$	8,156		$	3,449		$	11,605
2017 compared to 2016
Interest income:
Loans	$	3,838		$	174		$	4,012
Taxable securities		215			211			426
Nontaxable securities		541			(54	)		487
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks		(116	)		218			102
Total interest income	$	4,478		$	549		$	5,027
Interest expense:
Savings and interest-bearing demand accounts	$	16		$	109		$	125
Certificates of deposit		(63	)		284			221
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		339			(49	)		290
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		(3	)		(1	)		(4	)
Federal funds purchased		—			1			1
Subordinated debentures		—			151			151
Total interest expense	$	289		$	495		$	784
Net interest income	$	4,189		$	54		$	4,243

Civista maintains a conservative liquidity position. All securities are classified as available for sale. At December 31, 2018, securities with maturities of one year or less totaled $10,912, or 3.2% of the total security portfolio. The available for sale portfolio helps to provide Civista with the ability to meet its funding needs. The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows contained in the Consolidated Financial Statements detail the Company’s cash flows from operating activities resulting from net earnings.

Net cash provided by operating activities for 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $19,957, $20,819 and $17,709, respectively. The primary additions to cash from operating activities are from changes in amortization of intangible assets, amortization of securities net of accretion, the provision for loan losses, depreciation and proceeds from sale of loans. The primary use of cash from operating activities is from loans originated for sale. Net cash used for investing activities was $34,118, $146,180 and $63,575 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, principally reflecting our loan and investment security activities. Deposit, borrowing and net proceeds from issuances of common shares in 2017 have comprised most of our financing activities, which resulted in net cash provided of $16,421, $129,185 and $47,000 for 2018, 2017 and 2016 respectively.

Future loan demand of Civista can be funded by increases in deposit accounts, proceeds from payments on existing loans, the maturity of securities and the sale of securities classified as available for sale. Additional sources of funds may also come from borrowing in the Federal Funds market and/or borrowing from the FHLB. As of December 31, 2018, Civista had total credit availability with the FHLB of $556,724, of which $213,600 was outstanding.

On a separate entity basis, CBI’s primary source of funds is dividends paid by its subsidiaries, primarily by Civista. Generally, subject to applicable minimum capital requirements, Civista may declare a dividend without the approval of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland and the State of Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of Financial Institutions, provided the total dividends in a calendar year do not exceed the total of its profits for that year combined with its retained profits for the two preceding years. At December 31, 2018, Civista was able to pay dividends to CBI without obtaining regulatory approval. During 2018, Civista paid dividends totaling $10,000 to CBI. This represented approximately 40 percent of Civista’s earnings for the year.

In addition to the restrictions placed on dividends by banking regulations, CBI is subject to restrictions on the payment of dividends as a result of CBI’s issuance of 1,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th ownership interest in a Series B Preferred Share, of CBI on December 19, 2013. Under the terms of the Series B Preferred Shares, no dividends may be declared or paid on the common shares of CBI during any calendar quarter unless full dividends on the Series B Preferred Shares (and, therefore, the depositary shares) have been declared for that quarter and all dividends previously declared on the Series B Preferred Shares (and, therefore, the depositary shares) have been paid in full.

The Company manages its liquidity and capital through quarterly Asset/Liability Management Committee (ALCO) meetings. The ALCO discusses issues like those in the above paragraphs as well as others that may affect the future liquidity and capital position of the Company. The ALCO also examines interest rate risk and the effect that changes in rates will have on the Company. For more information about interest rate risk, please refer to the “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” section.

Shareholders’ equity totaled $298,898 at December 31, 2018 compared to $184,461 at December 31, 2017. The increase in shareholders’ equity resulted primarily from the issuance of common shares as part of the consideration in the acquisition of UCB, which added $104,669 to shareholders’ equity. Shareholders’ equity was also positively impacted by net income of $14,139, which was offset by dividends on preferred shares and common shares of $959 and $3,790, respectively.

During the first quarter of 2015, the Company adopted the new BASEL III regulatory capital framework as approved by the federal banking agencies. In addition to the existing regulatory capital rules, the final BASEL III rules also require the Company to now maintain minimum amounts and ratios of Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) Capital to risk-weighted assets (as these terms are defined in the BASEL III rules). Under the BASEL III rules, the Company elected to opt-out of including accumulated other comprehensive income in regulatory capital. All of the Company’s

capital ratios exceeded the regulatory minimum guidelines as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 as identified in the following table:

Common equity for the CET1 risk-based capital ratio includes common stock (plus related surplus) and retained earnings, plus limited amounts of minority interests in the form of common stock, less the majority of certain regulatory deductions.

Tier 1 capital includes common equity as defined for the CET1 risk-based capital ratio, plus certain non-cumulative preferred stock and related surplus, cumulative preferred stock and related surplus and trust preferred securities that have been grandfathered (but which are not permitted going forward), and limited amounts of minority interests in the form of additional Tier 1 capital instruments, less certain deductions.

Tier 2 capital, which can be included in the total capital ratio, includes certain capital instruments (such as subordinated debt) and limited amounts of the allowance for loan and lease losses, subject to new eligibility criteria, less applicable deductions.

The deductions from CET1 capital include goodwill and other intangibles, certain deferred tax assets, mortgage-servicing assets above certain levels, gains on sale in connection with a securitization, investments in a banking organization’s own capital instruments and investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions (above certain levels). The deductions phase in from 2015 through 2019.

Under applicable regulatory guidelines, capital is compared to the relative risk related to the balance sheet. To derive the risk included in the balance sheet, one of several risk weights is applied to different balance sheet and off-balance sheet assets, primarily based on the relative credit risk of the counterparty. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Some of the risk weightings were changed effective January 1, 2015.

The new regulatory capital rules and regulations also place restrictions on the payment of capital distributions, including dividends, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers if the company does not hold a capital conservation buffer of greater than 2.5 percent composed of CET1 capital above its minimum risk-based capital requirements, or if its eligible retained income is negative in that quarter and its capital conservation buffer ratio was less than 2.5 percent at the beginning of the quarter. The capital conservation buffer began to phase in starting on January 1, 2016, at 0.625%, and was fully phased in effective January 1, 2019, at 2.5%. The implementation of Basel III did not have a material impact on CBI’s or Civista’ capital ratios.

The Company’s balance sheet is typical of financial institutions and reflects a net positive monetary position whereby monetary assets exceed monetary liabilities. Monetary assets and liabilities are those which can be converted to a fixed number of dollars and include cash assets, securities, loans, money market instruments, deposits and borrowed funds.

During periods of inflation, a net positive monetary position may result in an overall decline in purchasing power of an entity. No clear evidence exists of a relationship between the purchasing power of an entity’s net positive monetary position and its future earnings. Moreover, the Company’s ability to preserve the purchasing power of its net positive monetary position will be partly influenced by the effectiveness of its asset/liability management program. As part of the asset/liability management process, management reviews and monitors information and projections on inflation as published by the Federal Reserve Board and other sources. This information speaks to inflation as determined by its impact on consumer prices and also the correlation of inflation and interest rates. This information is but one component in an asset/liability management process designed to limit the impact of inflation on the Company. Management does not believe that the effect of inflation on its nonmonetary assets (primarily bank premises and equipment) is material as such assets are not held for resale and significant disposals are not anticipated.

The Company has disclosed the fair value of its financial instruments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 in Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The fair value of loans at December 31, 2018 was 98.0% of the carrying value compared to 99.6% at December 31, 2017. The fair value of deposits at December 31, 2018 was 100.0% of the carrying value compared to 100.0% at December 31, 2017.

The following table represents significant fixed and determinable contractual obligations of the Company as of December 31, 2018.

The Company has retail repurchase agreements with clients within its local market areas. These borrowings are collateralized with securities owned by the Company. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail. The Company also has a cash management advance line of credit and outstanding letters of credit with the FHLB. For further discussion, refer to Note 10 and Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company’s primary market risk exposure is interest-rate risk and, to a lesser extent, liquidity risk. All of the Company’s transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars with no specific foreign exchange exposure.

Interest-rate risk is the exposure of a banking organization’s financial condition to adverse movements in interest rates. Accepting this risk can be an important source of profitability and shareholder value. However, excessive levels of interest-rate risk can pose a significant threat to the Company’s earnings and capital base. Accordingly, effective risk management that maintains interest-rate risk at prudent levels is essential to the Company’s safety and soundness.

Evaluating a financial institution’s exposure to changes in interest rates includes assessing both the adequacy of the management process used to control interest-rate risk and the organization’s quantitative level of exposure. When assessing the interest-rate risk management process, the Company seeks to ensure that appropriate policies, procedures, management information systems and internal controls are in place to maintain interest-rate risk at prudent levels with consistency and continuity. Evaluating the quantitative level of interest rate risk exposure requires the Company to assess the existing and potential future effects of changes in interest rates on its consolidated financial condition, including capital adequacy, earnings, liquidity and, where appropriate, asset quality.

The Federal Reserve Board, together with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, adopted a Joint Agency Policy Statement on interest-rate risk, effective June 26, 1996. The policy statement provides guidance to examiners and bankers on sound practices for managing interest-rate risk, which will form the basis for ongoing evaluation of the adequacy of interest-rate risk management at supervised institutions. The policy statement also outlines fundamental elements of sound management that have been identified in prior Federal Reserve guidance and discusses the importance of these elements in the context of managing interest-rate risk. Specifically, the guidance emphasizes the need for active board of director and senior management oversight and a comprehensive risk-management process that effectively identifies, measures, and controls interest-rate risk. Financial institutions derive their income primarily from the excess of interest collected over interest paid. The rates of interest an institution earns on its assets and owes on its liabilities generally are established contractually for a period of time. Since market interest rates change over time, an institution is exposed to lower profit margins (or losses) if it cannot adapt to interest-rate changes. For example, assume that an institution’s assets carry intermediate- or long-term fixed rates and that those assets were funded with short-term liabilities. If market interest rates rise by the time the short-term liabilities must be refinanced, the increase in the institution’s interest expense on its liabilities may not be sufficiently offset if assets continue to earn at the long-term fixed rates. Accordingly, an institution’s profits could decrease on existing assets because the institution will have either lower net interest income or, possibly, net interest expense. Similar risks exist when assets are subject to contractual interest-rate ceilings, or rate sensitive assets are funded by longer-term, fixed-rate liabilities in a decreasing-rate environment.

Several techniques may be used by an institution to minimize interest-rate risk. One approach used by the Company is to periodically analyze its assets and liabilities and make future financing and investment decisions based on payment streams, interest rates, contractual maturities, and estimated sensitivity to actual or potential changes in market interest rates. Such activities fall under the broad definition of asset/liability management. The Company’s primary asset/liability management technique is the measurement of the Company’s asset/liability gap, that is, the difference between the cash flow amounts of interest sensitive assets and liabilities that will be refinanced (or repriced) during a given period. For example, if the asset amount to be repriced exceeds the corresponding liability amount for a certain day, month, year, or longer period, the institution is in an asset sensitive gap position. In this situation, net interest income would increase if market interest rates rose or decrease if market interest rates fell.

If, alternatively, more liabilities than assets will reprice, the institution is in a liability sensitive position. Accordingly, net interest income would decline when rates rose and increase when rates fell. Also, these examples assume that interest rate changes for assets and liabilities are of the same magnitude, whereas actual interest rate changes generally differ in magnitude for assets and liabilities.

Several ways an institution can manage interest-rate risk include selling existing assets or repaying certain liabilities and matching repricing periods for new assets and liabilities, for example, by shortening terms of new loans or securities. Financial institutions are also subject to prepayment risk in falling rate environments. For example, mortgage loans and other financial assets may be prepaid by a debtor so that the debtor may refund its obligations at new, lower rates. The Company does not have significant derivative financial instruments and does not intend to purchase a significant amount of such instruments in the near future. Prepayments of assets carrying higher rates reduce the Company’s interest income and overall asset yields. A large portion of an institution’s liabilities may be short term or due on demand, while most of its assets may be invested in long term loans or securities. Accordingly, the Company seeks to have in place sources of cash to meet short-term demands. These funds can be obtained by increasing deposits, borrowing, or selling assets. Also, FHLB advances and wholesale borrowings may be used as important sources of liquidity for the Company.

The following table provides information about the Company’s financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, based on certain prepayment and account decay assumptions that management believes are reasonable. The Company had derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. The changes in fair value of the assets and liabilities of the underlying contracts offset each other. For more information about derivative financial instruments see Note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Expected maturity date values for interest-bearing core deposits were calculated based on estimates of the period over which the deposits would be outstanding. The Company’s borrowings were tabulated by contractual maturity dates and without regard to any conversion or repricing dates.

The change in net portfolio value from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018, can be attributed to two factors. While the yield curve has risen and flattened slightly from the end of the year, both the volume and mix of assets and funding sources have changed. The volume of loans has increased mostly due to the merger, but the mix has shifted toward securities and other assets. Similarly, the volume of liabilities has increased due to the merger, while the mix has shifted away from deposits and CDs toward borrowed money. The balance change from the end of the year led to an increase in the base net portfolio value. Both the assets and liabilities have shifted toward less volatile components. Combined, this led to a small decrease in volatility. Beyond the change in the base level of net portfolio value, projected movements in rates, up or down, would also lead to changes in market values. The change in the rates up scenarios for both the 100 and 200 basis point movements would lead to a similar decreases in the market value of assets and liabilities. Accordingly, we see a small increase in the net portfolio value, although the increase is smaller relative to the end of 2017. However, a downward change in rates would lead to a decrease in the net portfolio value as the market value of liabilities would increase more quickly than the market value of assets.

Allowance for Loan Losses: The allowance for loan losses is regularly reviewed by management to determine that the amount is considered adequate to absorb probable losses in the loan portfolio. If not, an additional provision is made to increase the allowance. This evaluation includes specific loss estimates on certain individually reviewed impaired loans, the pooling of commercial credits risk graded as special mention and substandard that are not individually analyzed, and general loss estimates that are based upon the size, quality, and concentration characteristics of the various loan portfolios, adverse situations that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, and current economic and industry conditions, among other items.

Those judgments and assumptions that are most critical to the application of this accounting policy are assessing the initial and on-going credit-worthiness of the borrower, the amount and timing of future cash flows of the borrower that are available for repayment of the loan, the sufficiency of underlying collateral, the enforceability of third-party guarantees, the frequency and subjectivity of loan reviews and risk ratings, emerging or changing trends that might not be fully captured in the historical loss experience, and charges against the allowance for actual losses that are greater than previously estimated. These judgments and assumptions are dependent upon or can be influenced by a variety of factors, including the breadth and depth of experience of lending officers, credit administration and the corporate loan review staff that periodically review the status of the loan, changing economic and industry conditions, changes in the financial condition of the borrower and changes in the value and availability of the underlying collateral and guarantees.

Note 1 and Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements provide additional information regarding Allowance for Loan Losses.

Goodwill: Civista accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recorded at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition with any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value recorded as goodwill. The Company performs an evaluation of goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The evaluation for impairment involves comparing the current estimated fair value of the company to its carrying value. If the current estimated fair value exceeds the carrying value, no additional testing is required and an impairment loss is not recorded. If the estimated fair value is less than the carrying value, further valuation procedures are performed that could result in impairment of goodwill being recorded. In this case, management would obtain several commonly used financial ratios from pending and completed purchase transactions for banks based in the Midwest. During the fourth quarter of 2018, Management compared the estimated fair value of the company to its carrying value and determined the estimated fair value exceeded the carrying value including goodwill. Therefore management concluded that goodwill was not impaired and made no adjustment in 2018.

Income Taxes: Management’s determination of the realization of net deferred tax assets is based upon management’s judgment of various future events and uncertainties, including the timing and amount of future income, as well as the implementation of various tax planning strategies to maximize realization of the deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment of Investment Securities: The Company performs a quarterly valuation to determine if a decline in the value of an investment security is other than temporary. Although the term “other than temporary” is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent, it does indicate that the prospects for a near-term recovery of value are not necessarily favorable, or that there is lack of evidence to support fair values equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. Once a decline in value is determined to be other than temporary, the value of the security is reduced and a corresponding charge to earnings is recognized. Management utilizes criteria such as the magnitude and duration of the decline, in addition to the reasons underlying the decline, to determine whether the loss in value is other than temporary.

Pension Benefits: Pension costs and liabilities are dependent on assumptions used in calculating such amounts. These assumptions include discount rates, benefits earned, interest costs, expected return on plan assets, mortality rates, and other factors. In accordance with GAAP, actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, generally affect recognized expense and the recorded obligation of future periods. While management believes that the assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may affect the Company’s pension obligations and future expense. Our pension benefits are described further in Note 15 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.”

We, as management of Civista Bancshares, Inc., are responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting that is designed to produce reliable financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles. The system of internal control over financial reporting as it relates to the financial statements is evaluated for effectiveness by management and tested for reliability through a program of internal audits. Actions are taken to correct potential deficiencies as they are identified. Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility that a control can be circumvented or overridden and misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control will provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation.

Management assessed the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, in relation to criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting as described in “2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework,” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management concludes that, as of December 31, 2018, its system of internal control over financial reporting is effective and meets the criteria of the “2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework”. S.R. Snodgrass, P.C., independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018.

Management is responsible for compliance with the federal and state laws and regulations concerning dividend restrictions and federal laws and regulations concerning loans to insiders designated by the FDIC as safety and soundness laws and regulations. Management has assessed compliance by the Company with the designated laws and regulations relating to safety and soundness. Based on the assessment, management believes that the Company complied, in all significant respects, with the designated laws and regulations related to safety and soundness for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited Civista Bancshares, Inc. and subsidiaries’ (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, of the Company and our report dated March 5, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion.

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in the accompanying Report on Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Civista Bancshares, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017; the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018; and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013, and our report dated March 5, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks.

Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

	2018			2017
ASSETS
Cash and due from financial institutions	$	42,779		$	40,519
Securities available for sale		346,294			230,230
Equity securities		1,070			832
Loans held for sale		1,391			2,197
Loans, net of allowance of $13,679 and $13,134		1,548,262			1,151,527
Other securities		21,021			14,247
Premises and equipment, net		22,021			17,611
Accrued interest receivable		6,723			4,488
Goodwill		76,851			27,095
Other intangible assets		9,352			1,279
Bank owned life insurance		43,037			25,125
Other assets		20,153			10,707
Total assets	$	2,138,954		$	1,525,857
LIABILITIES
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing	$	468,083		$	361,964
Interest-bearing		1,111,810			842,959
Total deposits		1,579,893			1,204,923
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		193,600			71,900
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		22,199			21,755
Subordinated debentures		29,427			29,427
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		14,937			13,391
Total liabilities		1,840,056			1,341,396
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, no par value, 200,000 shares of Series B Preferred stock, $1,000 liquidation preference, authorized, 10,120 shares issued at December 31, 2018 and 18,760 shares issued at December 31, 2017, net of issuance costs		9,364			17,358
Common stock, no par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized, 16,351,463 shares issued at December 31, 2018 and 10,946,439 shares issued at December 31, 2017		266,901			153,810
Accumulated earnings		41,320			31,652
Treasury stock, 747,964 common shares at cost		(17,235	)		(17,235	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,452	)		(1,124	)
Total shareholders’ equity		298,898			184,461
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,138,954		$	1,525,857

	2018			2017			2016
Interest and dividend income
Loans, including fees	$	64,196		$	51,198		$	47,186
Taxable securities		4,770			3,745			3,319
Tax-exempt securities		3,976			3,153			2,666
Federal funds sold and other		735			498			396
Total interest and dividend income		73,677			58,594			53,567
Interest expense
Deposits		3,758			2,342			1,996
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		2,471			695			405
Subordinated debentures		1,320			1,035			884
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		21			20			23
Total interest expense		7,570			4,092			3,308
Net interest income		66,107			54,502			50,259
Provision (credit) for loan losses		780			—			(1,300	)
Net interest income after provision (credit) for loan losses		65,327			54,502			51,559
Noninterest income
Service charges		5,208			4,777			4,832
Net gain (loss) on sale of securities		(413	)		12			19
Net gain on equity securities		26			—			—
Net gain on sale of loans		1,621			1,745			1,750
ATM/Interchange fees		2,794			2,304			2,094
Wealth management fees		3,669			3,068			2,678
Bank owned life insurance		718			573			563
Tax refund processing fees		2,750			2,750			2,750
Computer center item processing fees		260			246			251
Net gain (loss) on sale of other real estate owned		18			(28	)		152
Other		1,480			887			1,043
Total noninterest income		18,131			16,334			16,132
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense		37,299			29,253			25,323
Net occupancy expense		3,363			2,689			2,700
Equipment expense		1,654			1,564			1,641
Contracted data processing		7,140			1,838			1,546
FDIC Assessment		536			502			611
State franchise tax		1,370			1,024			923
Professional services		4,229			2,300			1,895
Amortization of intangible assets		366			586			699
ATM expense		1,069			847			605
Marketing expense		1,182			817			929
Repossession expense		87			279			253
Other operating expenses		8,384			6,905			6,730
Total noninterest expense		66,679			48,604			43,855
Income before income taxes		16,779			22,232			23,836
Income taxes		2,640			6,360			6,619
Net income		14,139			15,872			17,217
Preferred stock dividends		959			1,244			1,501
Net income available to common shareholders	$	13,180		$	14,628		$	15,716
Earnings per common share, basic	$	1.10		$	1.48		$	1.96
Earnings per common share, diluted	$	1.02		$	1.28		$	1.57

	Preferred Stock						Common Stock						Accumulated (Deficit)			Treasury			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Shareholders’
	Shares			Amount			Shares			Amount			Earnings			Stock			Loss			Equity
Balance, December 31, 2015		24,072		$	22,273			7,843,578		$	115,330		$	5,300		$	(17,235	)	$	(495	)	$	125,173
Net income														17,217									17,217
Other comprehensive loss																				(1,842	)		(1,842	)
Conversion of Series B preferred shares to common shares		(3,591	)		(3,323	)		459,192			3,322												(1	)
Stock-based compensation								40,739			323												323
Cash dividends ($0.22 per share)														(1,753	)								(1,753	)
Preferred stock dividends														(1,501	)								(1,501	)
Balance, December 31, 2016		20,481		$	18,950			8,343,509		$	118,975		$	19,263		$	(17,235	)	$	(2,337	)	$	137,616
Net income														15,872									15,872
Other comprehensive income																				1,412			1,412
Reclassification of certain income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive loss													199							(199	)		—
Conversion of Series B preferred shares to common shares		(1,721	)		(1,592	)		220,108			1,592												—
Common stock issuance, net of costs								1,610,000			32,821												32,821
Stock-based compensation								25,069			426												426
Cash dividends ($0.25 per share)														(2,438	)								(2,438	)
Preferred stock dividends														(1,244	)								(1,244	)
Retirement of common stock								(211	)		(4	)											(4	)
Balance, December 31, 2017		18,760		$	17,358			10,198,475		$	153,810		$	31,652		$	(17,235	)	$	(1,124	)	$	184,461
Change in accounting principle for adoption of ASU 2016-01														278						(278	)		—
Net income														14,139									14,139
Other comprehensive loss																				(50	)		(50	)
Conversion of Series B preferred shares to common shares		(8,640	)		(7,994	)		1,104,735			7,994												—
UCB acquisition								4,277,430			104,669												104,669
Stock-based compensation								22,859			428												428
Cash dividends ($0.32 per share)														(3,790	)								(3,790	)
Preferred stock dividends														(959	)								(959	)
Balance, December 31, 2018		10,120		$	9,364			15,603,499		$	266,901		$	41,320		$	(17,235	)	$	(1,452	)	$	298,898

	2018			2017			2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	14,139		$	15,872		$	17,217
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities
Security amortization, net		1,171			1,263			1,383
Depreciation		1,515			1,249			1,257
Amortization of intangible assets		366			586			699
Amortization (accretion) of net deferred loan fees		166			317			(172	)
Net (gain) loss on sale of securities		413			(12	)		(19	)
Net gain on equity securities		(26	)		—			—
Provision (credit) for loan losses		780			—			(1,300	)
Loans originated for sale		(78,252	)		(76,493	)		(67,295	)
Proceeds from sale of loans		81,085			78,309			69,475
Net gain on sale of loans		(1,621	)		(1,745	)		(1,750	)
Net (gain) loss on sale of other real estate owned		(18	)		28			(152	)
Gain on sale of fixed assets		(147	)		(67	)		(1	)
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance		(718	)		(573	)		(563	)
Share-based compensation		428			426			323
Change in
Accrued interest payable		(197	)		229			61
Accrued interest receivable		(1,285	)		(634	)		48
Deferred taxes		151			946			170
Other, net		2,007			1,118			(1,672	)
Net cash from operating activities		19,957			20,819			17,709
Cash flows used for investing activities:
Securities available for sale
Maturities, prepayments and calls		42,114			34,379			34,089
Sales		14,667			953			4,349
Purchases		(131,924	)		(70,794	)		(41,759	)
Purchases of other securities		(3,247	)		(192	)		(603	)
Acquisition, net of cash acquired		143,797			—			—
Purchases of bank owned life insurance		—			—			(3,885	)
Net loan originations		(99,277	)		(109,737	)		(52,022	)
Loans purchased, installment		—			—			(1,643	)
Proceeds from sale of OREO properties		34			87			333
Premises and equipment purchases		(1,472	)		(1,015	)		(2,437	)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment		1,190			139			3
Net cash used for investing activities		(34,118	)		(146,180	)		(63,575	)

	2018			2017			2016
Cash flows from financing activities:
Increase (decrease) in deposits		(100,974	)		83,820			69,070
Net change in short-term FHLB advances		131,700			25,900			(22,700	)
Repayment of long-term FHLB advances		(10,000	)		(2,500	)		—
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock		—			32,821			—
Increase (decrease) in securities sold under repurchase agreements		444			(7,170	)		3,885
Cash payment for repurchase of common stock		—			(4	)		—
Cash paid on fractional shares on preferred stock conversion		—			—			(1	)
Cash dividends paid		(4,749	)		(3,682	)		(3,254	)
Net cash from financing activities		16,421			129,185			47,000
Increase (decrease) in cash and due from financial institutions		2,260			3,824			1,134
Cash and due from financial institutions at beginning of year		40,519			36,695			35,561
Cash and due from financial institutions at end of year	$	42,779		$	40,519		$	36,695
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	7,751		$	3,863		$	3,247
Income taxes paid		1,600			5,950			5,900
Transfer of loans from portfolio to other real estate owned		—			94			102
Transfer of premises to held-for-sale		—			3			202
Transfer of loans held-for-sale to portfolio		85			—			—
Securities purchased not settled		500			1,291			—
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock		7,994			1,592			3,323
Acquisition of UCB
Consideration paid	$	117,344
Noncash assets acquired:
Securities available for sale		43,214
Equity securities		212
Loans held for sale		492
Loans receivable		298,319
FHLB Stock		3,527
Accrued interest receivable		950
Premises and equipment, net		5,291
Goodwill		49,756
Core deposit intangible		7,518
Bank owned life insurance		17,193
Other assets		10,361
Total non cash assets acquired		436,833
Liabilities assumed:
Deposits		475,944
Other liabilities		17
Total liabilities assumed		475,961
Net noncash liabilities acquired		(39,128	)
Cash acquired		156,472

The following is a summary of the accounting policies adopted by Civista Bancshares, Inc., which have a significant effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation: The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Civista Bancshares, Inc. (“CBI”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries: Civista Bank (“Civista”), First Citizens Insurance Agency, Inc. (“FCIA”), Water Street Properties, Inc. (“WSP”), FC Refund Solutions, Inc. (“FCRS”) and CIVB Risk Management, Inc. (“CRMI”). First Citizens Capital LLC (“FCC”) is wholly-owned by Civista and holds inter-company debt. First Citizens Investments, Inc. (“FCI”) is wholly-owned by Civista and holds and manages its securities portfolio. The operations of FCI and FCC are located in Wilmington, Delaware. The above companies together are sometimes referred to as the “Company”. Intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Civista provides financial services through its offices in the Ohio counties of Erie, Crawford, Champaign, Cuyahoga, Franklin, Logan, Summit, Huron, Ottawa, Madison, Montgomery and Richland, in the Indiana counties of Dearborn and Ripley and in the Kentucky county of Kenton. Its primary deposit products are checking, savings, and term certificate accounts, and its primary lending products are residential mortgage, commercial, and installment loans. Substantially all loans are secured by specific items of collateral including business assets, consumer assets and commercial and residential real estate. Commercial loans are expected to be repaid from cash flow from operations of businesses. There are no significant concentrations of loans to any one industry or customer. However, our customers’ ability to repay their loans is dependent on the real estate and general economic conditions in the area. Other financial instruments that potentially represent concentrations of credit risk include deposit accounts in other financial institutions.

FCIA was formed to allow the Company to participate in commission revenue generated through its third party insurance agreement. Insurance commission revenue was less than 1.0% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. WSP was formed to hold repossessed assets of CBI’s subsidiaries. WSP revenue was less than 1% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. FCRS was formed in 2012 and remained inactive for the periods presented. CRMI was formed in 2017 to provide property and casualty insurance coverage to CBI and its’ subsidiaries for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in the insurance marketplace. CRMI revenue was less than 1% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Use of Estimates: To prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and future results could differ. The allowance for loan losses, determination of goodwill impairment, fair values of financial instruments, valuation of deferred tax assets, pension obligations and other-than-temporary-impairment of securities are considered material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term.

Cash Flows: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and demand deposits with financial institutions with original maturities of less than 90 days. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions, federal funds purchased, short-term borrowings and repurchase agreements.

Securities: Debt securities are classified as available-for-sale when they might be sold before maturity. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new accounting standard for Financial Instruments, which requires equity securities to be measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognized in net income. The adoption of this guidance resulted in a $278 increase in retained earnings and a $278 decrease in to accumulated other comprehensive income.

Interest income includes amortization of purchase premium or discount. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments, except for mortgage backed securities where prepayments are anticipated. Gains and losses on sales are based on the amortized cost of the security sold using the specific identification method.

Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) guidance, if (a) a company does not have the intent to sell a debt security prior to recovery and (b) it is more-likely-than-not that it will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery, the security would not be considered other-than-temporarily impaired unless there is a credit loss. When an entity does not intend to sell the security, and it is more-likely-than-not the entity will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, it will recognize the credit component of other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income. For held-to-maturity debt securities, the amount of other-than-temporary impairment recorded in other comprehensive income for the non-credit portion of a previous other-than-temporary impairment should be amortized prospectively over the remaining life of the security on the basis of the timing of future estimated cash flows of the security.

For available-for-sale debt securities that management has no intent to sell and believes that it more-likely-than-not will not be required to sell prior to recovery, only the credit loss component of the impairment is recognized in earnings, while the non-credit loss is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. The credit loss component recognized in earnings is identified as the amount of principal cash flows not expected to be received over the remaining term of the security as projected based on cash flow projections.

Other securities which include FHLB stock, Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) stock, Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation stock, Bankers’ Bancshares Inc. (“BB”) stock, and Norwalk Community Development Corp (“NCDC”) stock are carried at cost.

Loans Held for Sale: Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market and loans that management no longer intends to hold for the foreseeable future, are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recorded as a valuation allowance and charged to earnings.

Loans: Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs, and an allowance for loan losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments.

Interest income on mortgage and commercial loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Interest income on consumer loans is discontinued when management determines future collection is unlikely. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued, but not received, for loans placed on nonaccrual, is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Purchased Loans: The Company purchases individual loans and groups of loans. Purchased loans that show evidence of credit deterioration since origination are recorded at the amount paid (or allocated fair value in a purchase business combination), such that there is no carryover of the seller’s allowance for loan losses. After acquisition, incurred losses are recognized by an increase in the allowance for loan losses.

Purchased loans are accounted for individually or aggregated into pools of loans based on common risk characteristics (e.g., credit score, loan type, and date of origination). The Company estimates the amount and timing of expected cash flows for each purchased loan or pool, and the expected cash flows in excess of amount paid is recorded as interest income over the remaining life of the loan or pool (accretable yield). The excess of the loan’s, or pool’s, contractual principal and interest over expected cash flows is not recorded (nonaccretable difference).

Over the life of the loan or pool, expected cash flows continue to be estimated. If the present value of expected cash flows is less than the carrying amount, a loss is recorded. If the present value of expected future cash flows is greater than the carrying amount, the excess is recognized as part of future interest income.

Allowance for Loan Losses: The allowance for loan losses (allowance) is calculated with the objective of maintaining a reserve sufficient to absorb inherent loan losses in the loan portfolio. Management establishes the allowance for loan losses based upon its evaluation of the pertinent factors underlying the types and quality of loans in the portfolio. In determining the allowance and the related provision for loan losses, the Company considers three principal elements: (i) specific impairment reserve allocations (valuation allowances) based upon probable losses identified during the review of impaired loans in the Commercial loan portfolio, (ii) allocations established for adversely-rated loans in the Commercial loan portfolio and nonaccrual Real Estate Residential, Consumer installment and Home Equity loans, (iii) allocations on all other loans based principally on the use of a three-year period for loss migration analysis. These allocations are adjusted for consideration of general economic and business conditions, credit quality and delinquency trends, collateral values, and recent loss experience for these similar pools of loans. The Company analyzes its loan portfolio each quarter to determine the appropriateness of its allowance for loan losses.

All commercial, commercial real estate and farm real estate loans are monitored on a regular basis with a detailed loan review completed for all loan relationships greater than $750. All commercial, commercial real estate and farm real estate loans that are 90 days past due or in nonaccrual status, are analyzed to determine if they are “impaired”, which means that it is probable that all amounts will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. All loans that are delinquent 90 days are classified as substandard and placed on nonaccrual status unless they are well-secured and in the process of collection. The remaining loans are evaluated and segmented with loans with similar risk characteristics. The Company allocates reserves based on risk categories and portfolio segments described below, which conform to the Company’s asset classification policy. In reviewing risk within Civista’s loan portfolio, management has identified specific segments to categorize loan portfolio risk: (i) Commercial & Agriculture loans; (ii) Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans; (iii) Commercial Real Estate – Non-Owner Occupied loans; (iv) Residential Real Estate loans; (v) Real Estate Construction loans; (vi) Farm Real Estate loans; and (vii) Consumer and Other loans. Additional information related to economic factors can be found in Note 5.

Loan Charge-off Policies: All unsecured open- and closed-ended retail loans that become past due 90 days from the contractual due date are charged off in full. In lieu of charging off the entire loan balance, loans with non-real estate collateral may be written down to the net realizable value of the collateral, if repossession of collateral is assured and in process. For open- and closed-ended loans secured by residential real estate, a current assessment of fair value is made no later than 180 days past due. Any outstanding loan balance in excess of the net realizable value of the property is charged off. All other loans are generally charged down to the net realizable value when Civista recognizes the loan is permanently impaired, which is generally after the loan is 90 days past due.

Troubled Debt Restructurings: In certain situations based on economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, management may grant a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to the borrower that would not otherwise be considered. The related loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status. These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. In cases where borrowers are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal, management measures any impairment on the restructuring as noted above for impaired loans. In addition to the allowance for the pooled portfolios, management has developed a separate reserve for loans that are identified as impaired through a TDR. These loans are excluded from pooled loss forecasts and a separate reserve is provided under the accounting guidance for loan impairment. Consumer loans whose terms have been modified in a TDR are also individually analyzed for estimated impairment.

Other Real Estate: Other real estate acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis and any deficiency in the value is charged off through the allowance. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed.

Premises and Equipment: Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using both accelerated and straight-line methods over the estimated useful life of the asset, ranging from three to seven years for furniture and equipment and seven to fifty years for buildings and improvements.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock: Civista is a member of the FHLB of Cincinnati and as such, is required to maintain a minimum investment in stock of the FHLB that varies with the level of advances outstanding with the FHLB. The stock is bought from and sold to the FHLB based upon its $100 par value. The stock does not have a readily determinable fair value and as such is classified as restricted stock, carried at cost and evaluated for impairment by management. The stock’s value is determined by the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than by recognizing temporary declines. The determination of whether the par value will ultimately be recovered is influenced by criteria such as the following: (a) the significance of the decline in net assets of the FHLB as compared to the capital stock amount and the length of time this situation has persisted, (b) commitments by the FHLB to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to the operating performance, (c) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on the customer base of the FHLB, and (d) the liquidity position of the FHLB. With consideration given to these factors, management concluded that the stock was not impaired at December 31, 2018 or 2017.

Federal Reserve Bank Stock: Civista is a member of the Federal Reserve System. FRB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value.

Bank Owned Life Insurance (BOLI) : Civista has purchased BOLI policies on certain key executives. BOLI is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: Goodwill results from business acquisitions and represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of acquired tangible assets and liabilities and identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill is assessed at least annually for impairment and any such impairment will be recognized in the period identified.

Other intangible assets consist of core deposit intangibles arising from whole bank and branch acquisitions. These intangible assets are measured at fair value and then amortized on an accelerated method over their estimated useful lives, which range from five to twelve years.

Servicing Rights: Servicing rights are recognized as assets for the allocated value of retained servicing rights on loans sold. Servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value at the date of transfer. The valuation technique uses the present value of estimated future cash flows using current market discount rates. Servicing rights are amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing revenues. Impairment is evaluated based on the fair value of the rights, using groupings of the underlying loans as to interest rates and then, secondarily, prepayment characteristics. Fair value is determined using prices for similar assets with similar characteristics, when available, or based upon discounted cash flows using market-based assumptions. Any impairment of a grouping is reported as a valuation allowance to the extent that fair value is less than the capitalized asset for the grouping.

Long-term Assets: Premises and equipment and other intangible assets, and other long-term assets are reviewed for impairment when events indicate their carrying amount may not be recoverable from future undiscounted cash flows. If impaired, the assets are recorded at fair value.

Repurchase Agreements: Substantially all repurchase agreement liabilities represent amounts advanced by various customers. Securities are pledged to cover these liabilities, which are not covered by federal deposit insurance.

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments: Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay.

Income Taxes: Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Benefits from tax positions should be recognized in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information.

A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

Stock-Based Compensation: Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards issued to employees, based on the fair value of these awards at the grant date. A Black-Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock options, while the market price of the Company’s common shares at the date of the grant is used for restricted shares.

Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.

Retirement Plans: Pension expense is the net of service and interest cost, expected return on plan assets and amortization of gains and losses not immediately recognized. Employee 401(k) and profit sharing plan expense is the amount of matching contributions. Deferred compensation allocates the benefits over the years of service.

Earnings per Common Share: Basic earnings per share are net income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share include the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable related to convertible preferred shares. Treasury shares are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations.

Comprehensive Income: Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale and changes in the funded status of the pension plan.

Loss Contingencies: Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe that any such loss contingencies currently exist that will have a material effect on the financial statements.

Restrictions on Cash: Cash on hand or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank is required to meet regulatory reserve and clearing requirements. These balances do not earn interest.

Dividend Restriction: Banking regulations require maintaining certain capital levels and may limit the dividends paid by Civista to CBI or by CBI to shareholders. Additional information related to dividend restrictions can be found in Note 19.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments: Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 17. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

Operating Segments: While the Company’s chief decision makers monitor the revenue streams of the Company’s various products and services, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis. Operating segments are aggregated into one as operating results for all segments are similar. Accordingly, all of the Company’s financial service operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.

Business Combinations: At the date of acquisition the Company records the assets and liabilities of the acquired companies on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value. The results of operations for acquired companies are included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations beginning at the acquisition date. Expenses arising from acquisition activities are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the period incurred.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities: The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements to facilitate the risk management strategies of a small number of commercial banking customers. All derivatives are accounted for in accordance with ASC-815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Company mitigates the risk of entering into these agreements by entering into equal and offsetting swap agreements with highly rated third party financial institutions. The swap agreements are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company is party to master netting arrangements with its financial institution counterparties; however, the Company does not offset assets and liabilities under these arrangements for financial statement presentation purposes because the Company does not currently intend to execute a setoff with its counterparties. The master netting arrangements provide for a single net settlement of all swap agreements, as well as collateral, in the event of default on, or termination of, any one contract. Collateral, usually in the form of marketable securities, is posted by the counterparty with net liability positions in accordance with contract thresholds.

Reclassifications: Some items in the prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on net income or shareholders’ equity.

In January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This accounting standard (a) requires separate presentation of equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) on the balance sheet and measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; (b) simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment; (c) eliminates the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for entities that are not public business entities; (d) eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet; (e) requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; (f) requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements; and (g) clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 during the reporting period. The adoption resulted in the Company recognizing a one-time cumulative effect adjustment of $278 on January 1, 2018 between accumulated other comprehensive loss and retained earnings on the consolidated balance sheet for the fair value of the equity securities included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of the beginning of the period. The adjustment had no impact on net income for any periods presented.

On a prospective basis, the Company implemented changes to the measurement of the fair value of financial instruments using an exit price notion for disclosure purposes in Note 17 to the financial statements. The December 31, 2017, fair value of each class of financial instruments disclosure did not utilize the exit price notion when measuring fair value and, therefore, would not be comparable to the December 31, 2018 disclosure. The Company estimated the fair value based on guidance from ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurements, which defines fair value as the price which would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is no active observable market for sale information on community bank loans and, thus, Level 3 fair value procedures were utilized, primarily in the use of present value techniques incorporating assumptions that market participants would use in estimating fair values. The fair value of loans held for investment, excluding impaired loans measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses. The discount rates used to determine fair value use interest rate spreads that reflect factors such as liquidity, credit and nonperformance risk of the loans. Loans are considered a Level 3 classification.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” Under the new guidance, employers are required to present the service cost component of the net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item (e.g., Compensation expense) as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. In addition, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization in assets. Employers will present the other components of net periodic benefit cost separately (e.g., Other operating expenses) from the line item that includes the service cost. ASU No. 2017-07 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Employers will apply the guidance on the presentation of the components of net periodic benefit cost in the income statement retrospectively. The guidance limiting the capitalization of net periodic benefit cost in assets to the service cost component will be applied prospectively. The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-07 on January 1, 2018 and has retrospectively applied the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the consolidated statements of operations. Adoption of ASU No. 2017-07 did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The standard in this Update requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases on the balance sheet. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. A short-term lease is defined as one in which: (a) the lease term is 12 months or less, and (b) there is not an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise. For short-term leases, lessees may elect to recognize lease payments over the lease term on a straight-line basis. For public business entities, such as the Company, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years. The amendments should be applied at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company is currently assessing the practical expedients it may elect at adoption, but does not anticipate the amendments will have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements. Based on the Company’s preliminary analysis of its current portfolio, the impact to the Company’s balance sheet is approximately $3,000 to recognize a right to use asset and a lease obligation. The Company also anticipates additional disclosures to be provided at adoption.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which changes the impairment model for most financial assets. This ASU is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. The underlying premise of the ASU is that financial assets measured at amortized cost should be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, through an allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis. The allowance for credit losses should reflect management’s current estimate of credit losses that are expected to occur over the remaining life of a financial asset. The income statement will be effected for the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as the expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We expect to recognize a one-time cumulative effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the new standard is effective, but cannot yet determine the magnitude of any such one-time adjustment or the overall impact of the new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment . To simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, the FASB eliminated Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead, under the amendments in this Update, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. A public business entity that is a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filer, such as the Company, should adopt the amendments in this Update for its annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of the standard will have on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20). The amendments in this Update shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium. Specifically, the amendments require the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amendments do not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. For public business entities, such as the Company, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. An entity should apply the amendments in this Update on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Additionally, in the period of adoption, an entity should provide disclosures about a change in accounting principle. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s operating results or financial condition.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), and Derivative and Hedging (Topic 815). The amendments in Part I of this Update change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down-round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a down-round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. As a result, a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded conversion option) no longer would be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value as a result of the existence of a down-round feature. For freestanding equity classified financial instruments, the amendments require entities that present earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with Topic 260 to recognize the effect of the down-round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic EPS. Convertible instruments with embedded conversion options that have down- round features are now subject to the specialized guidance for contingent beneficial conversion features (in Subtopic 470-20, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options ), including related EPS guidance (in Topic 260). The amendments in Part II of this Update recharacterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Accounting Standards Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. For public business entities, such as the Company, the amendments in Part I of this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The amendments in Part I of this Update should be applied either retrospectively to outstanding financial instruments with a down-round feature by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first fiscal year and interim period(s) in which the pending content that links to this paragraph is effective or retrospectively to outstanding financial instruments with a down-round feature for each prior reporting

period presented in accordance with the guidance on accounting changes in paragraphs 250-10-45-5 through 45-10. The amendments in Part II of this Update do not require any transition guidance because those amendments do not have an accounting effect. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s operating results or financial condition.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 850), the objective of which is to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition, the amendments in this Update make certain targeted improvements to simplify the application and disclosure of the hedge accounting guidance in current general accepted accounting principles. For public business entities, such Company, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted in any period after issuance. For cash flow and net investment hedges existing at the date of adoption, an entity should apply a cumulative-effect adjustment related to eliminating the separate measurement of ineffectiveness to accumulated other comprehensive income with a corresponding adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year that an entity adopts the amendments in this Update. The amended presentation and disclosure guidance is required only prospectively. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s operating results or financial condition.

In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842), which provides an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate under Topic 842 existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under the current lease guidance in Topic 840. An entity that elects this practical expedient should evaluate new or modified land easements under Topic 842 beginning at the date the entity adopts Topic 842; otherwise, an entity should evaluate all existing or expired land easements in connection with the adoption of the new lease requirements in Topic 842 to assess whether they meet the definition of a lease. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements in ASU 2016-02. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s operating results or financial condition.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), which simplified the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions. The amendments in this Update expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The amendments in this Update improve the following areas of nonemployee share-based payment accounting; (a) the overall measurement objective, (b) the measurement date, (c) awards with performance conditions, (d) classification reassessment of certain equity-classified awards, (e) calculated value (nonpublic entities only), and (f) intrinsic value (nonpublic entities only). The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities, such as the Company, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, represents changes to clarify, correct errors in, or make minor improvements to the Codification. The amendments in this ASU affect the amendments in ASU 2016-02, which are not yet effective, but for which early adoption upon issuance is permitted. For entities that early adopted Topic 842, the amendments are effective upon issuance of this ASU, and the transition requirements are the same as those in Topic 842. For entities that have not adopted Topic 842, the effective date and transition requirements will be the same as the effective date and transition requirements in Topic 842. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. This Update provides another transition method which allows entities to initially apply ASC 842 at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Entities that elect this approach should report comparative periods in accordance with ASC 840, Leases. In addition, this Update provides a practical expedient under which lessors may elect, by class of underlying assets, to not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component, similar to the expedient provided for lessees. However, the lessor practical expedient is limited to circumstances in which the nonlease component or components otherwise would be accounted for under the new revenue guidance and both (a) the timing and pattern of transfer are the same for the nonlease component(s) and associated lease component and (b) the lease component, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. If the nonlease component or components associated with the lease component are the predominant component of the combined component, an entity should account for the combined component in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Otherwise, the entity should account for the combined component as an operating lease in accordance with ASC 842. If a lessor elects the practical expedient, certain disclosures are required. This Update is effective for public business entities, such as the Company, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurements. The Update removes the requirement to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level I and Level II of the fair value hierarchy; the policy for timing of transfers between levels; and the valuation processes for Level III fair value measurements. The Update requires disclosure of changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income (loss) for recurring Level III fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level III fair value measurements. This Update is effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In October, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-17, Consolidation (Topic 810), which made improvements in 1) applying the variable interest entity (VIE) guidance to private companies under common control and 2) considering indirect interests held through related parties under common control for determining whether fees paid to decision makers and service providers are variable interests. Under the amendments in this Update, a private company may elect not to apply VIE guidance to legal entities under common control (including common control leasing arrangements) if both the parent and the legal entity being evaluated for consolidation are not public business entities. In addition, indirect interests held through related parties in common control arrangements should be considered on a proportional basis for determining whether fees paid to decision makers and service providers are variable interests. For entities other than private companies, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this Update are effective for a private company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In November, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808), which made the following targeted improvements to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for collaborative arrangements (1) clarified that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606 when the collaborative arrangement participant is a customer in the context of a unit of account, (2) add unit-of-account guidance in Topic 808 to align with the guidance in Topic 606 (that is, a distinct good or service) when an entity is assessing whether the collaborative arrangement or a part of the arrangement is within the scope of Topic 606, and (3) require that in a transaction with a collaborative arrangement participant that is not directly related to sales to third parties, presenting the transaction together with revenue recognized under Topic 606 is precluded if the collaborative arrangement participant is not a customer. For public business entities, such as the Company, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In November, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which amended the effective date of ASU 2016-13 for entities other than public business entities (PBEs), by requiring non-PBEs to adopt the standard for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Therefore, the revised effective dates of ASU 2016-13 for PBEs that are SEC filers will be fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those years, PBEs other than SEC filers will be for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those years, and all other entities (non-PBEs) will be for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those years. The ASU also clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Rather, impairment of receivables arising from operating leases should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 842, Leases. The effective date and transition requirements for ASU 2018-19 are the same as those in ASU 2016-13, as amended by ASU 2018-19. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

On September 14, 2018, CBI completed the acquisition by merger of United Community Bancorp (“UCB”) in a stock and cash transaction for aggregate consideration of approximately $117,344. As a result of the acquisition, the Company issued 4,277,430 common shares and paid approximately $12,675 in cash to the former shareholders of UCB. The Company and UCB had first announced that they had entered into an agreement to merge in March of 2018. Immediately following the merger, UCB’s banking subsidiary, United Community Bank, was merged into CBI’s banking subsidiary, Civista Bank.

At the time of the merger, UCB had total assets of $537,875, including $298,319 in loans, and $475,944 in deposits. The transaction was recorded as a purchase and, accordingly, the operating results of UCB have been included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements since the close of business on September 14, 2018.

As of December 31, 2018, the estimated future amortization expense for the core deposit intangible is as follows:

The following table presents financial information for the former UCB included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2018.

The following table presents unaudited pro forma information for the periods ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 as if the acquisition of UCB had occurred on January 1, 2016. This table has been prepared for comparative purposes only and is not indicative of the actual results that would have been attained had the acquisition occurred as of the beginning of the periods presented, nor is it indicative of future results.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition for UCB. Core deposit intangibles will be amortized over a period of ten years using an accelerated method. Goodwill will not be amortized, but instead will be evaluated for impairment. Furthermore, the unaudited pro forma information does not reflect management’s estimate of any revenue-enhancing opportunities nor anticipated cost savings as a result of the integration and consolidation of the acquisition. Merger and acquisition integration costs and amortization of fair value adjustments net of the related income tax effects are included in the amounts below.

The acquired assets and liabilities were measured at estimated fair values. Management made certain estimates and exercised judgment in accounting for the acquisition. The following is a description of the methods used to determine fair value of significant assets and liabilities at the acquisition date:

Cash: The Company acquired $156.5 million in cash, which management deemed to reflect fair value based on the short term nature of the asset.

Loans: The Company acquired $298.3 million in loans receivable with and without evidence of credit quality deterioration. The loans consisted of commercial loans, commercial real estate loans, residential mortgage loans (including home equity secured lines of credit), real estate construction loans, and consumer and other loans. The fair value of the performing loan portfolio includes separate adjustments to reflect a credit risk and marketability component and a yield component reflecting the differential between portfolio and market yields. Additionally, certain loans were valued based on their observable sales price. Loans acquired with credit deterioration of $1,210 were individually evaluated to estimate credit losses and a net recovery amount for each loan. The net cash flows for each loan was then discounted to present value using a risk-adjusted market rate.

Deposits: The Company acquired $475.9 million in deposits. Savings and transaction accounts are variable, have no stated maturity and can be withdrawn on short notice with no penalty. Therefore, the fair value of such deposits is considered equal to the carrying value. The fair value of CD’s consists of comparing the contractual cost of the CD’s to the market rates with corresponding maturities. The valuation adjustment reflects the present value of the difference between the cash flows attributable to the CD’s based on contractual and market rates. The core deposit intangible is determined by the present value difference of the net cost of the core deposit versus the same amount for an alternative funding source.

This acquisition provided the Company with the strategic opportunity to expand into new markets that, while similar to existing markets, are projected to be more vibrant in population growth and business opportunity growth. Additionally, the acquisition will provide exposure to suburbs of larger urban areas without the commitment of operating inside large metropolitan areas dominated by regional and national financial organizations. The acquisition also creates synergies on the operational side of the Company by allowing noninterest expenses to be spread over a larger operating base.

The amortized cost and fair value of available for sale securities and the related gross unrealized gains and losses recognized were as follows:

The amortized cost and fair value of securities at year end 2018 by contractual maturity were as follows. Securities not due at a single maturity date, primarily mortgage-backed securities, are shown separately.

Securities with a carrying value of $114,145 and $122,862 were pledged as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, to secure public deposits, other deposits and liabilities as required or permitted by law.

Proceeds from sales of securities, gross realized gains and gross realized losses were as follows:

Debt securities with unrealized losses at year end 2018 and 2017 not recognized in income are as follows:

The Company periodically evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment. An unrealized loss exists when the current fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses that are determined to be temporary in nature are recorded, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The Company has assessed each available-for-sale security position for credit impairment. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include:

At December 31, 2018, the Company owned 130 securities that were considered temporarily impaired. The unrealized losses on these securities have not been recognized into income because the issuers’ bonds are of high credit quality, management has the intent and ability to hold these securities for the foreseeable future, and the decline in fair value is largely due to changes in market interest rates. The Company also considers sector specific credit rating changes in its analysis. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date or reset date. The Company does not intend to sell until recovery and does not believe selling will be required before recovery.

The following table presents the net gains and losses on equity investments recognized in earnings at year-end 2018, and the portion of unrealized gains and losses for the period that relates to equity investments held at year-end 2018:

Included in total loans above are deferred loan fees of $389 and $223 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Loans to principal officers, directors, and their affiliates at year-end 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan portfolio. For purposes of determining the allowance for loan losses, the Company has segmented certain loans in the portfolio by product type. Loans are segmented into the following pools: Commercial and Agriculture loans, Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans, Commercial Real Estate – Non-owner Occupied loans, Residential Real Estate loans, Real Estate Construction loans, Farm Real Estate loans and Consumer and Other loans. Loss migration rates for each risk category are calculated and used as the basis for calculating loan loss allowance allocations. Loss migration rates are calculated over a three-year period for all portfolio segments. Management also considers certain economic factors for trends that management uses to account for the qualitative and environmental changes in risk, which affects the level of the reserve. The following economic factors are analyzed:

The total allowance reflects management’s estimate of loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the consolidated balance sheet date. The Company considers the allowance for loan losses of $13,679 adequate to cover loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio, at December 31, 2018. The following tables present, by portfolio segment, the changes in the allowance for loan losses, the ending allocation of the allowance for loan losses and the loan balances outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The changes can be impacted by overall loan volume, adversely graded loans, historical charge-offs and economic factors.

December 31, 2018	Beginning balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		Provision (Credit)			Ending Balance
Commercial & Agriculture	$	1,562	$	(249	)	$	169	$	265		$	1,747
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		2,043		(193	)		158		(46	)		1,962
Non-Owner Occupied		5,307		(153	)		28		621			5,803
Residential Real Estate		1,910		(105	)		208		(482	)		1,531
Real Estate Construction		834		—			—		212			1,046
Farm Real Estate		430		—			5		(38	)		397
Consumer and Other		290		(203	)		100		97			284
Unallocated		758		—			—		151			909
Total	$	13,134	$	(903	)	$	668	$	780		$	13,679

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the allowance for Commercial & Agriculture loans increased as a result of an increase in general reserves due to higher loan balances. The result was represented as an increase in the provision. The allowance for Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans was reduced by a decrease in general reserves as a result of lower loss rates. The result was represented as a decrease in the provision. The allowance for Commercial Real Estate – Non-Owner Occupied loans increased due to an increase in general reserves required for this type as a result of higher loan balances. The allowance for Residential Real Estate loans was reduced by a decrease in general reserves required for this type as a result of a decrease in loss rates, represented by a decrease in the provision. The allowance for Real Estate Construction loans increased due to higher outstanding loan balances for this type of loan. The allowance for Farm Real Estate loans was reduced by a decrease in general reserves required for this type as a result of lower outstanding loan balances. The result was represented as a decrease in the provision. Management feels that the unallocated amount is appropriate and within the relevant range for the allowance that is reflective of the risk in the portfolio.

December 31, 2017	Beginning balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		Provision (Credit)			Ending Balance
Commercial & Agriculture	$	2,018	$	(11	)	$	372	$	(817	)	$	1,562
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		2,171		(328	)		69		131			2,043
Non-Owner Occupied		4,606		(38	)		46		693			5,307
Residential Real Estate		3,089		(400	)		194		(973	)		1,910
Real Estate Construction		420		—			44		370			834
Farm Real Estate		442		—			3		(15	)		430
Consumer and Other		314		(165	)		43		98			290
Unallocated		245		—			—		513			758
Total	$	13,305	$	(942	)	$	771	$	—		$	13,134

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the allowance for Commercial & Agriculture loans was reduced by a decrease in general reserves as a result of lower loss rates. The result was represented as a decrease in the provision. The allowance for Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans was reduced by a decrease in general reserves and charge-offs. The allowance for Commercial Real Estate – Non-Owner Occupied loans increased due to an increase in general reserves required for this type as a result of higher loan balances. The allowance for Residential Real Estate loans was reduced by a decrease in general reserves required for this type as a result of a decrease in loss rates, represented by a decrease in the provision. The allowance for Real Estate Construction loans increased due to higher outstanding loan balances for this type of loan. The allowance for Farm Real Estate loans was reduced by a decrease in general reserves required for this type as a result of lower outstanding loan balances. The result was represented as a decrease in the provision.

December 31, 2016	Beginning balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		Provision (Credit)			Ending Balance
Commercial & Agriculture	$	1,478	$	(880	)	$	105	$	1,315		$	2,018
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		2,467		(228	)		56		(124	)		2,171
Non-Owner Occupied		4,657		(23	)		1,372		(1,400	)		4,606
Residential Real Estate		4,086		(455	)		479		(1,021	)		3,089
Real Estate Construction		371		(115	)		12		152			420
Farm Real Estate		538		—			—		(96	)		442
Consumer and Other		382		(125	)		46		11			314
Unallocated		382		—			—		(137	)		245
Total	$	14,361	$	(1,826	)	$	2,070	$	(1,300	)	$	13,305

For the year ended December 31, 2016, the increase in allowance for Commercial & Agriculture loans was due to an increase in general reserves as a result of higher balances and higher loss rates in criticized loans. The result was represented as an increase in the provision. The allowance for Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans was reduced not only by a decrease in specific reserves required for this type, but also by a decrease in general reserves due to decreases in classified, non-accrual loans and lower loss rates for this type. The result of these changes was represented as a decrease in the provision. The decrease in allowance for Commercial Real Estate – Non-Owner Occupied loans was the result of a decrease in general reserves required as a result of lower loss rates and improvement in past due, classified and non-accrual loans for this type. In addition, a payoff on a previously charged down loan was received resulting in a recovery of approximately $1,303. The net result was represented as a decrease in the provision. The allowance for Residential Real Estate loans was reduced by a decrease in general reserves required for this type as a result of a decrease in loss rates, represented by a decrease in the provision. The allowance for Real Estate Construction loans increased due to an increase in loss rates for this type of loan, which was represented as an increase in the provision. The allowance for Farm Real Estate loans was reduced by a decrease in general reserves required for this type as a result of lower outstanding loan balances and a decrease in loss rates. The result of these changes was represented as a decrease in the provision.

The following tables present, by portfolio segment, the allocation of the allowance for loan losses and related loan balances as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

December 31, 2018	Loans acquired with credit deterioration		Loans individually evaluated for impairment		Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Commercial & Agriculture	$	—	$	—	$	1,747	$	1,747
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		—		12		1,950		1,962
Non-Owner Occupied		—		—		5,803		5,803
Residential Real Estate		8		122		1,401		1,531
Real Estate Construction		—		—		1,046		1,046
Farm Real Estate		—		7		390		397
Consumer and Other		—		—		284		284
Unallocated		—		—		909		909
Total	$	8	$	141	$	13,530	$	13,679

Outstanding loan balances:
Commercial & Agriculture	$	41	$	367	$	176,693	$	177,101
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		—		484		209,637		210,121
Non-Owner Occupied		—		31		523,567		523,598
Residential Real Estate		883		1,279		455,688		457,850
Real Estate Construction		—		—		135,195		135,195
Farm Real Estate		—		696		37,817		38,513
Consumer and Other		—		—		19,563		19,563
Total	$	924	$	2,857	$	1,558,160	$	1,561,941

December 31, 2017	Loans acquired with credit deterioration		Loans individually evaluated for impairment		Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Commercial & Agriculture	$	82	$	4	$	1,476	$	1,562
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		—		6		2,037		2,043
Non-Owner Occupied		—		—		5,307		5,307
Residential Real Estate		44		109		1,757		1,910
Real Estate Construction		—		—		834		834
Farm Real Estate		—		6		424		430
Consumer and Other		—		—		290		290
Unallocated		—		—		758		758
Total	$	126	$	125	$	12,883	$	13,134

Outstanding loan balances:
Commercial & Agriculture	$	87	$	438	$	151,948	$	152,473
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		—		1,010		163,089		164,099
Non-Owner Occupied		—		44		425,579		425,623
Residential Real Estate		128		1,360		267,247		268,735
Real Estate Construction		—		—		97,531		97,531
Farm Real Estate		—		608		38,853		39,461
Consumer and Other		—		—		16,739		16,739
Total	$	215	$	3,460	$	1,160,986	$	1,164,661

The following tables represent credit exposures by internally assigned risk ratings for the periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. The remaining loans in the Residential Real Estate, Real Estate Construction and Consumer and Other loan categories that are not assigned a risk grade are presented in a separate table below. The risk rating analysis estimates the capability of the borrower to repay the contractual obligations of the loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internal credit risk rating system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans.

December 31, 2018	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Ending Balance
Commercial & Agriculture	$	173,783	$	1,509	$	1,809	$	—	$	177,101
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		201,228		3,512		5,381		—		210,121
Non-Owner Occupied		520,487		2,023		1,088		—		523,598
Residential Real Estate		70,908		580		7,363		—		78,851
Real Estate Construction		124,769		13		41		—		124,823
Farm Real Estate		32,908		3,096		2,509		—		38,513
Consumer and Other		1,713		—		20		—		1,733
Total	$	1,125,796	$	10,733	$	18,211	$	—	$	1,154,740

December 31, 2017	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Ending Balance
Commercial & Agriculture	$	140,842	$	8,412	$	3,219	$	—	$	152,473
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		155,756		1,166		7,177		—		164,099
Non-Owner Occupied		422,363		2,321		939		—		425,623
Residential Real Estate		62,628		1,997		5,873		—		70,498
Real Estate Construction		91,545		15		27		—		91,587
Farm Real Estate		25,228		11,236		2,997		—		39,461
Consumer and Other		1,312		—		70		—		1,382
Total	$	899,674	$	25,147	$	20,302	$	—	$	945,123

The following tables present performing and nonperforming loans based solely on payment activity for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 that have not been assigned an internal risk grade. The types of loans presented here are not assigned a risk grade unless there is evidence of a problem. Payment activity is reviewed by management on a monthly basis to evaluate performance. Loans are considered to be nonperforming when they become 90 days past due or if management thinks that we may not collect all of our principal and interest. Nonperforming loans also include certain loans that have been modified in Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs) where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions due to economic status. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months.

The following tables include an aging analysis of the recorded investment of past due loans outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

December 31, 2018	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater		Total Past Due		Current		Purchased Credit- Impaired Loans		Total Loans		Past Due 90 Days and Accruing
Commercial & Agriculture	$	225	$	—	$	92	$	317	$	176,743	$	41	$	177,101	$	—
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		547		413		564		1,524		208,597		—		210,121		—
Non-Owner Occupied		288		290		372		950		522,648		—		523,598		—
Residential Real Estate		7,118		677		806		8,601		448,366		883		457,850		—
Real Estate Construction		—		12		27		39		135,156		—		135,195		—
Farm Real Estate		33		—		158		191		38,322		—		38,513		—
Consumer and Other		117		57		9		183		19,380		—		19,563		—
Total	$	8,328	$	1,449	$	2,028	$	11,805	$	1,549,212	$	924	$	1,561,941	$	—

December 31, 2017	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater		Total Past Due		Current		Purchased Credit- Impaired Loans		Total Loans		Past Due 90 Days and Accruing
Commercial & Agriculture	$	575	$	2	$	685	$	1,262	$	151,124	$	87	$	152,473	$	—
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		897		104		484		1,485		162,614		—		164,099		—
Non-Owner Occupied		133		—		470		603		425,020		—		425,623		—
Residential Real Estate		1,613		229		785		2,627		265,980		128		268,735		—
Real Estate Construction		—		—		27		27		97,504		—		97,531		—
Farm Real Estate		27		—		186		213		39,248		—		39,461		—
Consumer and Other		92		96		16		204		16,535		—		16,739		16
Total	$	3,337	$	431	$	2,653	$	6,421	$	1,158,025	$	215	$	1,164,661	$	16

The following table presents loans on nonaccrual status, excluding purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loans, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Nonaccrual Loans: Loans are considered for nonaccrual status upon reaching 90 days delinquency, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection, although the Company may be receiving partial payments of interest and partial repayments of principal on such loans. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is deducted from interest income. A loan may be returned to accruing status only if one of three conditions are met: the loan is well-secured and none of the principal and interest has been past due for a minimum of 90 days; the loan is a TDR and the borrower has made a minimum of six months payments; or the principal and interest payments are reasonably assured and a sustained period of performance has occurred, generally six months. The gross interest income that would have been recorded on nonaccrual loans in 2018, 2017 and 2016 if the loans had been current in accordance with their original terms and had been outstanding throughout the period or since origination, if held for part of the period, was $587, $712 and $701, respectively. The amount of interest income on such loans recognized on a cash basis was $360 in 2018, $139 in 2017 and $1,138 in 2016.

Modifications: A modification of a loan constitutes a TDR when the Company for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. The Company offers various types of concessions when modifying a loan, however, forgiveness of principal is rarely granted. Commercial Real Estate loans modified in a TDR often involve reducing the interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk. Real Estate loans modified in a TDR were primarily comprised of interest rate reductions where monthly payments were lowered to accommodate the borrowers’ financial needs.

Loans modified in a TDR are typically already on non-accrual status and partial charge-offs have in some cases already been taken against the outstanding loan balance. As a result, loans modified in a TDR may have the financial effect of increasing the specific allowance associated with the loan. An allowance for impaired loans that have been modified in a TDR are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs, if the loan is collateral dependent. Management exercises significant judgment in developing these estimates. TDRs accounted for $143 of the allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2018, $169 as of December 31, 2017 and $278 as of December 31, 2016.

Loan modifications that are considered TDRs completed during the twelve month periods ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

Recidivism, or the borrower defaulting on its obligation pursuant to a modified loan, results in the loan once again becoming a non-accrual loan. Recidivism occurs at a notably higher rate than do defaults on new originations loans, so modified loans present a higher risk of loss than do new origination loans. During the periods ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no defaults on loans that were modified and considered TDRs during the previous twelve months.

Impaired Loans: Larger (greater than $350) commercial loan, commercial real estate loan and farm real estate loan relationships, all TDRs and residential real estate and consumer loans that are part of a larger relationship are tested for impairment. These loans are analyzed to determine if it is probable that all amounts will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance.

The following tables include the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances for impaired financing receivables, excluding PCI loans, with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial & Agriculture	$	367	$	367			$	—	$	—
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		193		193				693		913
Non-Owner Occupied		31		34				44		48
Residential Real Estate		1,017		1,089				977		1,049
Farm Real Estate		256		256				148		148
Consumer and Other		—		—				—		—
Total		1,864		1,939				1,862		2,158
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial & Agriculture		—		—	$	—		438		438	$	4
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		291		291		12		317		317		6
Non-Owner Occupied		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential Real Estate		262		265		122		383		387		109
Farm Real Estate		440		440		7		460		460		6
Total		993		996		141		1,598		1,602		125
Total:
Commercial & Agriculture		367		367		—		438		438		4
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		484		484		12		1,010		1,230		6
Non-Owner Occupied		31		34		—		44		48		—
Residential Real Estate		1,279		1,354		122		1,360		1,436		109
Farm Real Estate		696		696		7		608		608		6
Consumer and Other		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	2,857	$	2,935	$	141	$	3,460	$	3,760	$	125

The following tables include the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for impaired financing receivables as of, and for the years ended, December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Foreclosed assets acquired in settlement of loans are carried at fair value less estimated costs to sell and are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, a total of $0 and $16, respectively, of foreclosed assets were included with other assets. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had initiated formal foreclosure procedures on $311 and $239, respectively, of consumer residential mortgages.

Changes in the amortizable yield for PCI loans were as follows, since acquisition:

Loans acquired with credit deterioration of $878 and accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30 were individually evaluated to estimate credit losses and a net recovery amount for each loan. The net cash flows for each loan were then discounted to present value using a risk-adjusted market rate. The table below presents the components of the purchase accounting adjustments.

The following table presents additional information regarding loans acquired and accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30:

There has been $8 and $126 in allowance for loan losses recorded for acquired loans with or without specific evidence of deterioration in credit quality as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The following table presents the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2018									For the Year Ended December 31, 2017									For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
	Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities			Defined Benefit Pension Items			Total			Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities			Defined Benefit Pension Items			Total			Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities			Defined Benefit Pension Items			Total
Beginning balance	$	3,185		$	(4,309	)	$	(1,124	)	$	2,008		$	(4,345	)	$	(2,337	)	$	3,554		$	(4,049	)	$	(495	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(886	)		393			(493	)		620			553			1,173			(1,533	)		(511	)		(2,044	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		326			117			443			(8	)		247			239			(13	)		215			202
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)		(560	)		510			(50	)		612			800			1,412			(1,546	)		(296	)		(1,842	)
Reclassification of certain income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income		—			—			—			565			(764	)		(199	)		—			—			—
Reclassification of equity securities from accumulated other comprehensive loss		(278	)		—			(278	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Ending balance	$	2,347		$	(3,799	)	$	(1,452	)	$	3,185		$	(4,309	)	$	(1,124	)	$	2,008		$	(4,345	)	$	(2,337	)

The following table presents the amounts reclassified out of each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Depreciation expense was $1,515, $1,249 and $1,257 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Rent expense was $579, $558 and $518 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Rent commitments under non-cancelable operating leases at December 31, 2018 were as follows, before considering renewal options that generally are present.

The rent commitments listed above are primarily for the leasing of seven financial services branches.

The carrying amount of goodwill has increased $49,756 since December 31, 2017 as a result of the UCB acquisition, discussed in Note 2. The balance of goodwill was $76,851 at December 31, 2018 and $27,095 at December 31, 2017.

Management performs an evaluation of goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Management performed an evaluation of the Company’s goodwill during the fourth quarter of 2018. Based on this test, management concluded that the Company’s goodwill was not impaired at December 31, 2018.

Aggregate core deposit intangible amortization expense was $366, $586 and $699 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Aggregate mortgage servicing rights amortization was $126, $72 and $74 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

Scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit, including IRA’s at December 31, 2018 were as follows:

Deposits from the Company’s principal officers, directors, and their affiliates at year-end 2018 and 2017 were $6,925 and $9,633, respectively.

As of December 31, 2018, CDs and IRAs totaling $46,999 met or exceeded the FDIC’s insurance limit of $250,000.

Short-term borrowings, which consist of federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings are summarized as follows:

Average balances during the year represent daily averages. Average interest rates represent interest expense divided by the related average balances.

These borrowing transactions can range from overnight to six months in maturity. The average maturity was one day at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Long term advances from the FHLB were $5,000 at December 31, 2018 and $15,000 at December 31, 2017. The outstanding balance has a maturity date of October 2019 with a fixed rate of 2.10%. The average rate on the outstanding advance was 2.10% at December 31, 2018.

Scheduled principal reductions of FHLB advances outstanding at December 31, 2018 were as follows:

In addition to the borrowings, the Company had outstanding letters of credit with the FHLB totaling $20,000 at year-end 2018 and totaling $19,600 at year-end 2017, respectively, used for pledging to secure public funds. FHLB borrowings and the letters of credit were collateralized by FHLB stock and by $320,400 and $137,250 of residential mortgage loans under a blanket lien arrangement at year-end 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company had a FHLB maximum borrowing capacity of $556,724 as of December 31, 2018, with remaining borrowing capacity of approximately $343,124. The borrowing arrangement with the FHLB is subject to annual renewal. The maximum borrowing capacity is recalculated at least quarterly.

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are used to facilitate the needs of our customers as well as to facilitate our short-term funding needs. Securities sold under repurchase agreements are carried at the amount of cash received in association with the agreement. We continuously monitor the collateral levels and may be required, from time to time, to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with our safekeeping agents.

The following table presents detail regarding the securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. All of the repurchase agreements are overnight agreements.

Information concerning securities sold under agreements to repurchase was as follows:

Trusts formed by the Company issued floating rate trust preferred securities, in the amounts of $5,000 and $7,500, through special purpose entities as part of pooled offerings of such securities. The Company issued subordinated debentures to the trusts in exchange for the proceeds of the offerings, which debentures represent the sole assets of the trusts. The Company may redeem the subordinated debentures, in whole but not in part, at face value. In April 2007, the Company elected to redeem and refinance the $5,000 floating rate subordinated debenture. The refinancing was done at face value and resulted in a 2.00% reduction in the floating rate. The new subordinated debenture has a 30-year maturity and is redeemable, in whole or in part, anytime without penalty. The replacement subordinated debenture does not have any deferred issuance cost associated with it. The interest rate at December 31, 2018 on the $7,500 debenture was 5.52% and the $5,000 debenture was 3.93%.

Additionally, the Company formed an additional trust that issued $12,500 of 6.05% fixed rate trust preferred securities for five years, then becoming floating rate trust preferred securities, through a special purpose entity as part of a pooled offering of such securities. The Company issued subordinated debentures to the trusts in exchange for the proceeds of the offerings, which debentures represent the sole assets of the trusts. The Company may redeem the subordinated debentures at face value without penalty. The current rate on the $12,500 subordinated debenture is 4.59%.

Finally, the Company acquired two additional trust preferred securities as part of its acquisition of Futura Banc Corp (Futura) in December 2007. Futura TPF Trust I and Futura TPF Trust II were formed in June of 2005 in the amounts of $2,500 and $1,927, respectively. Futura had issued subordinated debentures to the trusts in exchange for ownership of all of the common security of the trusts and the proceeds of the preferred securities sold by the trusts. The Company may redeem the subordinated debentures, in whole or in part, in a principal amount with integral multiples of $1,000, at 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The subordinated debentures mature on June 15, 2035. The subordinated debentures are also redeemable in whole or in part from time to time, upon the occurrence of specific events defined within the trust indenture. The current rate on the $2,500 subordinated debenture is variable at 3.99%. In June 2010, the rate on the $1,927 subordinated debenture switched from a fixed rate to a floating rate. The current rate on the $1,927 subordinated debenture is 3.99%.

Effective tax rates differ from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% in 2018 and 35% in 2017 and 2016 due to the following:

The Tax Cut and Jobs Act, enacted on December 22, 2017, lowered the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. As a result, the carrying value of net deferred tax assets was reduced, which increased income tax expense by $511 for the year ended December 31, 2017.

	2018			2017
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for loan losses	$	3,056		$	2,848
Deferred compensation		1,217			1,213
Intangible assets		475			95
Purchase accounting adjustments		566			—
Net operating loss carryforward		1,374			—
Other		364			141
Deferred tax asset		7,052			4,297
Deferred tax liabilities
Tax depreciation in excess of book depreciation		(556	)		(275	)
Discount accretion on securities		(31	)		(43	)
Purchase accounting adjustments		—			(536	)
FHLB stock dividends		(1,053	)		(1,053	)
Unrealized gain on securities available for sale		(624	)		(847	)
Pension costs		(469	)		(293	)
Prepaids		(301	)		(320	)
BOLI		(337	)		—
Other		(271	)		(166	)
Deferred tax liability		(3,642	)		(3,533	)
Net deferred tax asset	$	3,410		$	764

No valuation allowance was established at December 31, 2018 and 2017, due to the Company’s ability to carryback to taxes paid in previous years and certain tax strategies, coupled with the anticipated future income as evidenced by the Company’s earning potential.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax. The Company is subject to tax in Ohio based upon its net worth and in Indiana based upon its net income.

There is currently no liability for uncertain tax positions and no known unrecognized tax benefits. The Company’s federal tax returns for taxable years through 2012 have been closed for purposes of examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

The Company sponsors a savings and retirement 401(k) plan, which covers all employees who meet certain eligibility requirements and who choose to participate in the plan. The matching contribution to the 401(k) plan was $892, $805 and $734 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company’s matching contribution is 100% of an employee’s first three percent contributed and 50% of the next two percent contributed.

The Company also sponsors a pension plan which is a noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan for all employees who have attained the age of 20 1 ⁄ 2, completed six months of service and work 1,000 or more hours per year. Annual payments, subject to the maximum amount deductible for federal income tax purposes, are made to a pension trust fund. In 2006, the Company amended the pension plan to provide that no employee could be added as a participant to the pension plan after December 31, 2006. In April 2014, the Company amended the pension plan again to provide that no additional benefits would accrue beyond April 30, 2014.

In October 2015, the Company, on behalf of it and its subsidiaries, entered into Pension Shortfall Agreements (the “Shortfall Agreements”) with ten employees of the Bank. When the Company ceased accruals to its defined benefit pension plan on April 30, 2014, the circumstances of some participants with limited periods until their anticipated retirement dates would not permit them to use other available alternatives to make up for the shortfall in their expected pension. The Company calculated the total amount of the shortfall for each of the referenced individuals after considering its contributions to other retirement benefits. Pension shortfall expense was $180 in 2018, $18 in 2017 and $201 in 2016. Included in pension shortfall expense was interest expense, totaling $24, $18 and $11 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which was also recorded in and credited to the accounts of the ten individuals covered by this plan.

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, consist of unrecognized actuarial loss of $3,799, net of $1,010 tax in 2018 and $4,070, net of $2,191 tax in 2017.

The accumulated benefit obligation for the defined benefit pension plan was $13,338 at December 31, 2018 and $17,916 at December 31, 2017.

The components of net periodic benefit cost other than the service cost component are included in the line item “other operating expenses” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The estimated net loss for the defined benefit pension plan that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year is $149. The Company incurred settlement costs in 2018, 2017 and 2016 of $1,188, $237 and $259, respectively.

The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at year-end were as follows:

The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension cost were as follows:

The Company uses long-term market rates to determine the discount rate on the benefit obligation. Declines in the discount rate lead to increases in the actuarial loss related to the benefit obligation.

The expectation for long-term rate of return on the pension assets and the expected rate of compensation increases are reviewed periodically by management in consultation with outside actuaries and primary investment consultants. Factors considered in setting and adjusting these rates are historic and projected rates of return on the portfolio and historic and estimated rates of increases of compensation. Since the pension plan is frozen, the rate of compensation increase used to determine the benefit obligation for 2018, 2017 and 2016 was zero.

The Company’s pension plan asset allocation at year-end 2018 and 2017 and target allocation for 2019 by asset category are as follows:

The Company developed the pension plan investment policies and strategies for plan assets with its pension management firm. The assets are currently invested in four diversified investment funds, which include two equity funds, one money market fund and one bond fund. The long-term guidelines from above were created to maximize the return on portfolio assets while reducing the risk of the portfolio. The management firm may allocate assets among the separate accounts within the established long-term guidelines. Transfers among these accounts will be at the management firm’s discretion based on their investment outlook and the investment strategies that are outlined at periodic meetings with the Company. Actual allocations vary from target allocations as management elected to reclassify approximately $2.7 million into money market funds as short-term strategy pending further reallocation. The expected long-term rate of return on the plan assets was 7.00% in 2018 and 2017. This return is based on the expected return for each of the asset categories, weighted based on the target allocation for each class.

The Company does not expect to make any contribution to its pension plan in 2019. Employer contributions totaled $0 in 2018. Increased plan assets offset by increased benefit obligations and actuarial gains led to a change in funded status from $1,390 at December 31, 2017 to $2,234 at December 31, 2018.

The following tables set forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the pension plan’s assets at fair value as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds	$	2,689	$	—	$	—	$	2,689
Bond mutual funds		—		—		—		—
Common/collective trust:
Bonds		3,221		—		—		3,221
Equities		5,153		—		—		5,153
Money market		4,509		—		—		4,509
Equity market funds:
International		—		—		—		—
Large cap		—		—		—		—
Mid cap		—		—		—		—
Small cap		—		—		—		—
Total assets at fair value	$	15,572	$	—	$	—	$	15,572

	December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash	$	113	$	—	$	—	$	113
Bond mutual funds		23		—		—		23
Common/collective trust:
Bonds		9,980		—		—		9,980
Equities		6,654		—		—		6,654
Equity market funds:
International		750		—		—		750
Large cap		1,085		—		—		1,085
Mid cap		269		—		—		269
Small cap		432		—		—		432
Total assets at fair value	$	19,306	$	—	$	—	$	19,306

Investment in equity securities, debt securities, money market funds and mutual funds are valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded.

The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Pension Plan believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

Expected benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are as follows:

Civista established a supplemental retirement plan (“SERP”) in 2013, which covers key members of management. Under the SERP, participants will receive annually, following retirement, a percentage of their base compensations at the time of their retirement for a maximum of ten years. The SERP liability recorded at December 31, 2018, was $2,570, compared to $2,308 at December 31, 2017. The expense related to the SERP was $351, $365 and $243 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Distributions to participants made in 2018, 2017 and 2016 totaled $87, $41, and $34, respectively.

At the Company’s 2014 annual meeting, the shareholders adopted the Company’s 2014 Incentive Plan (“2014 Incentive Plan”). The 2014 Incentive Plan authorizes the Company to grant options, stock awards, stock units and other awards for up to 375,000 common shares of the Company. There were 269,168 shares available for grants under this plan at December 31, 2018.

No options had been granted under the 2014 Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2018 and 2017

During each of the last two years, the Board of Directors has awarded restricted common shares to senior officers of the Company. The restricted shares vest ratably over a three-year period following the grant date. The product of the number of restricted shares granted and the grant date market price of the Company’s common shares determines the fair value of restricted shares under the Company’s 2014 Incentive Plan. Management recognizes compensation expense for the fair value of restricted shares on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.

On January 4, 2016, directors of the Company’s banking subsidiary, Civista, were paid a retainer in the form of non-restricted common shares of the Company. The aggregate of 2,730 common shares were issued to Civista directors as payment of their retainer for their service on the Civista Board of Directors covering the period up to the 2016 Annual Meeting. This issuance was expensed in its entirety when the shares were issued in the amount of $32.

On May 17, 2016, directors of the Company’s banking subsidiary, Civista, were paid a retainer in the form of non-restricted common shares of the Company. The aggregate of 12,285 common shares were issued to Civista directors as payment of their retainer for their service on the Civista Board of Directors covering the period up to the 2017 Annual Meeting. This issuance was expensed in its entirety when the shares were issued in the amount of $130.

On May 16, 2017, directors of the Company’s banking subsidiary, Civista, were paid a retainer in the form of non-restricted common shares of the Company. The aggregate of 6,804 common shares were issued to Civista directors as payment of their retainer for their service on the Civista Board of Directors covering the period up to the 2018 Annual Meeting. This issuance was expensed in its entirety when the shares were issued in the amount of $144.

On September 11, 2017, a newly appointed director of the Company’s banking subsidiary, Civista, was paid a retainer in the form of non-restricted common shares of the Company. The aggregate of 367 common shares was issued as payment of her retainer for her service on the Civista Board of Directors covering the period up to the 2018 Annual Meeting. This issuance was expensed in its entirety when the shares were issued in the amount of $8.

On May 17, 2018, directors of the Company’s banking subsidiary, Civista, were paid a retainer in the form of non-restricted common shares of the Company. The aggregate of 6,204 common shares were issued to Civista directors as payment of their retainer for their service on the Civista Board of Directors covering the period up to the 2019 Annual Meeting. This issuance was expensed in its entirety when the shares were issued in the amount of $144.

Finally, on September 25, 2018, newly appointed directors of the Company’s banking subsidiary, Civista, were paid a retainer on the form of non-restricted common shares of the Company. The aggregate of 867 common shares were issued for their service on the Civista Board of Directors covering the period up to the 2019 Annual Meeting. This issuance was expensed in its entirety when the shares were issued in the amount of $21.

The Company classifies share-based compensation for employees with “Compensation expense” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s restricted shares, and changes therein during the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s awarded restricted shares as of December 31, 2018:

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $263, $274 and $323, respectively and director retainer fees of $165, $152 and $162, respectively, for shares granted under the 2014 Incentive Plan. At December 31, 2018, the total compensation cost related to unvested awards not yet recognized is $408, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining life of the grants of 2.09 years.

U.S. generally accepted accounting principles establish a hierarchal disclosure framework associated with the level of observable pricing utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value. The three broad levels defined by the hierarchy are as follows: Level 1: Quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that are identifiable on the measurement date; Level 2: Significant other observable inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets, quoted prices in markets that are not active and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own view about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset.

Securities: The fair values of securities available for sale are determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs).

Equity securities: The Company has two types of equity securities, one is not actively traded in an open market, while the other is listed on an exchange and is less frequently traded. The fair value of the equity security available for sale not actively traded in an open market is determined by using market data inputs for similar securities that are observable. (Level 2 inputs). The fair value of the other equity security is determined from third-party pricing services or a computerized pricing model and classified Level 2.

Fair value swap asset/liability: The fair value of the swap asset and liability is based on an external derivative model using data inputs as of the valuation date and classified Level 2.

Impaired loans: The Company has measured impairment on impaired loans generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties. In some cases, management may adjust the appraised value due to the age of the appraisal, changes in market conditions, or observable deterioration of the property since the appraisal was completed. Additionally, management makes estimates about expected costs to sell the property which are also included in the net realizable value. If the fair value of the collateral dependent loan is less than the carrying amount of the loan, a specific reserve for the loan is made in the allowance for loan losses or a charge-off is taken to reduce the loan to the fair value of the collateral (less estimated selling costs) and the loan is included in the table above as a Level 3 measurement.

Other real estate owned: OREO is carried at the lower of cost or fair value, which is measured at the date foreclosure. If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the carrying amount of the loan, no charge-off or adjustment is necessary, the loan is not considered to be carried at fair value, and is therefore not included in the table below. If the fair value of the collateral is less than the carrying amount of the loan, management will charge the loan down to its estimated realizable value. Management may adjust the appraised value due to the age of the appraisal, changes in market conditions, or observable deterioration of the property since the appraisal was completed. In these cases, the properties are categorized in the below table as Level 3 measurements since these adjustments are considered to be unobservable inputs. Income and expenses from operations are included in other operating expenses. Further declines in the fair value of the collateral subsequent to foreclosure are included in net gain on sale of other real estate owned.

The following tables presents quantitative information about the Level 3 significant unobservable inputs for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

The carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments carried at amortized cost were as follows:

December 31, 2018	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from financial institutions	$	42,779	$	42,779	$	42,779	$	—	$	—
Other securities		21,021		21,021		21,021		—		—
Loans, held for sale		1,391		1,391		1,391		—		—
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses		1,548,262		1,517,278		—		—		1,517,278
Bank owned life insurance		43,037		43,037		43,037		—		—
Accrued interest receivable		6,723		6,723		6,723		—		—
Financial Liabilities:
Nonmaturing deposits		1,312,207		1,312,207		1,312,207		—		—
Time deposits		267,686		267,943		—		—		267,943
Short-term FHLB advances		188,600		188,600		188,600		—		—
Long-term FHLB advances		5,000		4,983		—		—		4,983
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase		22,199		22,199		22,199		—		—
Subordinated debentures		29,427		34,620		—		—		34,620
Accrued interest payable		230		230		230		—		—

December 31, 2017	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from financial institutions	$	40,519	$	40,519	$	40,519	$	—	$	—
Other securities		14,247		14,247		14,247		—		—
Loans, held for sale		2,197		2,197		2,197		—		—
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses		1,151,527		1,146,969		—		—		1,146,969
Bank owned life insurance		25,125		25,125		25,125		—		—
Accrued interest receivable		4,488		4,488		4,488		—		—
Financial Liabilities:
Nonmaturing deposits		981,021		981,021		981,021		—		—
Time deposits		223,902		223,626		—		—		223,626
Short-term FHLB advances		56,900		56,900		56,900		—		—
Long-term FHLB advances		15,000		14,964		—		—		14,964
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase		21,755		21,755		21,755		—		—
Subordinated debentures		29,427		31,052		—		—		31,052
Accrued interest payable		410		410		410		—		—

The fair value approximates carrying amount for all items except those described below. Fair value for other securities approximates carrying value. For fixed rate loans or deposits and for variable rate loans or deposits with infrequent repricing or repricing limits, fair value is based on discounted cash flows using current market rates applied to the cash flow analysis or underlying collateral values. For swaps, fair value of the swap asset and liability is based on an external derivative model using data inputs as of the valuation date. Fair value of debt is based on current rates for similar financing. The fair value of off-balance-sheet items is based on the current fees or cost that would be charged to enter into or terminate such arrangements and are considered nominal.

For certain homogeneous categories of loans, such as some residential mortgages, credit card receivables, and other consumer loans, fair value is estimated using the quoted market prices for securities backed by similar loans, adjusted for differences in loan characteristics. The fair value of other types of loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities.

Some financial instruments, such as loan commitments, credit lines, letters of credit, and overdraft protection are issued to meet customer financing needs. These are agreements to provide credit or to support the credit of others, as long as conditions established in the contract are met, and usually have expiration dates. Commitments may expire without being used. Off-balance-sheet risk to credit loss exists up to the face amount of these instruments, although material losses are not anticipated. The same credit policies are used to make such commitments as are used for loans, including obtaining collateral at exercise of the commitment.

The contractual amount of financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk was as follows at year-end.

Commitments to make loans are generally made for a period of one year or less. Fixed-rate loan commitments included above had interest rates ranging from 2.88% to 8.50% at December 31, 2018 and 2.88% to 10.25% at December 31, 2017. Maturities extend up to 30 years.

Civista is required to maintain certain reserve balances on hand in accordance with the Federal Reserve Board requirements. The average reserve balance maintained in accordance with such requirements was $8,891 on December 31, 2018 and $4,112 on December 31, 2017.

CBI and Civista are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory-and possibly additional discretionary-actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Companies must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Companies’ assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under U.S. GAAP, regulatory reporting requirements, and regulatory capital standards. The Companies’ capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulatory capital standards to ensure capital adequacy require the Companies to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total and Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, common equity Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. Management believes, as of December 31, 2018, that the Companies met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.

As of December 31, 2018, and 2017, the most recent notification from the Federal Reserve Bank categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized the Companies must maintain minimum total risk-based capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital, common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table below. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution’s category.

The Company’s and Civista’s actual capital levels and minimum required capital levels at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

											To Be Well
											Capitalized Under
						For Capital					Prompt Corrective
	Actual					Adequacy Purposes					Action Purposes
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
2018
Total Risk Based Capital
Consolidated	$	260,531		16.1	%	$	129,080		8.0	%	n/a		n/a
Civista		228,620		14.2			128,918		8.0		$	161,407		10.0	%
Tier I Risk Based Capital
Consolidated		246,852		15.3			96,810		6.0		n/a		n/a
Civista		213,922		13.3			96,689		6.0			129,125		8.0
CET1 Risk Based Capital
Consolidated		208,061		12.9			72,608		4.5		n/a		n/a
Civista		203,441		12.6			72,517		4.5			104,914		6.5
Leverage
Consolidated		246,852		12.8			80,788		4.0		n/a		n/a
Civista		213,922		10.6			80,642		4.0			100,802		5.0
2017
Total Risk Based Capital
Consolidated	$	200,772		16.6	%	$	97,025		8.0	%	n/a		n/a
Civista		161,394		13.3			96,880		8.0		$	121,100		10.0	%
Tier I Risk Based Capital
Consolidated		187,638		15.5			72,769		6.0		n/a		n/a
Civista		147,473		12.2			72,660		6.0			96,880		8.0
CET1 Risk Based Capital
Consolidated		140,853		11.6			54,576		4.5		n/a		n/a
Civista		136,760		11.3			54,495		4.5			78,715		6.5
Leverage
Consolidated		187,638		12.7			59,089		4.0		n/a		n/a
Civista		147,473		10.0			59,031		4.0			73,788		5.0

CBI’s primary source of funds for paying dividends to its shareholders and for operating expense is the cash accumulated from dividends received from Civista. Payment of dividends by Civista to CBI is subject to restrictions by Civista’s regulatory agencies. These restrictions generally limit dividends to the current and prior two years retained earnings as defined by the regulations. In addition, dividends may not reduce capital levels below minimum regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2018, Civista had $50,821 of net profits available to pay dividends to CBI without requiring regulatory approval.

	For the years ended December 31,
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows	2018			2017			2016
Operating activities:
Net income	$	14,139		$	15,872		$	17,217
Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Change in other assets and other liabilities		794			(2,147	)		1,821
Gain on sale of fixed assets		(110	)		(66	)		—
Equity in undistributed net earnings of subsidiaries		(15,987	)		(17,496	)		(18,529	)
Net cash from (used for) operating activities		(1,164	)		(3,837	)		509
Investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	899			138				—
Acquisition and additional capitalization of subsidiary, net of cash acquired		(5,216	)		(275	)		—
Net cash used for investing activities		(4,317	)		(137	)		—
Financing activities:
Cash paid on fractional shares on preferred stock conversion to common stock		—			—			(1	)
Net proceeds from common stock issuance		—			32,821			—
Payment to repurchase common stock		—			(4	)		—
Cash dividends paid		(4,749	)		(3,682	)		(3,254	)
Net cash from (used for) financing activities		(4,749	)		29,135			(3,255	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(10,230	)		25,161			(2,746	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		29,908			4,747			7,493
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	19,678		$	29,908		$	4,747

On December 19, 2013, the Company completed the sale of 1,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th ownership interest in a 6.50% Noncumulative Redeemable Convertible Perpetual Preferred Share, Series B, of the Company, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (equivalent to $25.00 per depositary share). The Company sold the maximum of 1,000,000 depositary shares in the offering, resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $25,000.

Using proceeds from the sale of the depositary shares, the Company redeemed all of its outstanding Series A Preferred Shares for an aggregate purchase price of $22,857, which redemption was completed as of February 15, 2014.

	2018		2017		2016
Basic
Net income	$	14,139	$	15,872	$	17,217
Preferred stock dividends		959		1,244		1,501
Net income available to common shareholders—basic	$	13,180	$	14,628	$	15,716
Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic		11,971,786		9,906,856		8,010,399
Basic earnings per share	$	1.10	$	1.48	$	1.96
Diluted
Net income available to common shareholders—basic	$	13,180	$	14,628	$	15,716
Preferred stock dividends on convertible preferred stock		959		1,244		1,501
Net income available to common shareholders—diluted	$	14,139	$	15,872	$	17,217
Weighted average common shares outstanding for earnings per common share basic		11,971,786		9,906,856		8,010,399
Add: dilutive effects of convertible preferred shares		1,883,921		2,445,760		2,940,562
Average shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding—diluted		13,855,707		12,352,616		10,950,961
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.02	$	1.28	$	1.57

Basic earnings per common share are calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share include the dilutive effect, if any, of additional potential common shares issuable under the equity incentive plan, computed using the treasury stock method, and the impact of the Company’s convertible preferred shares using the “if converted” method.

	Interest Income		Net Interest Income		Net Income (Loss)			Basic Earnings (loss) per Common Share			Diluted Earnings (loss) per Common Share
2018
First quarter (1)(2)	$	15,924	$	14,772	$	6,989		$	0.65		$	0.55
Second quarter (3)(4)(5)		16,160		14,766		3,014			0.26			0.24
Third quarter (5)(6)		17,886		15,824		(3,433	)		(0.31	)		(0.31	)
Fourth quarter (6)		23,707		20,745		7,569			0.48			0.45
2017
First quarter (2)(7)	$	13,692	$	12,892	$	4,635		$	0.47		$	0.40
Second quarter (8)(9)		14,228		13,367		3,596			0.32			0.29
Third quarter (8)		14,836		13,680		3,660			0.33			0.29
Fourth quarter (8)(10)		15,838		14,563		3,981			0.36			0.30

To accommodate customer need and to support the Company’s asset/liability positioning, on occasion we enter into interest rate swaps with a customer and a bank counterparty. The Company enters into a floating rate loan and a fixed rate swap with our customer. Simultaneously, the Company enters into an offsetting fixed rate swap with a bank counterparty. In connection with each swap transaction, the Company agrees to pay interest to the customer on a notional amount at a variable interest rate and receive interest from the customer on the same notional amount at a fixed interest rate. At the same time, the Company agrees to pay a bank counterparty the same fixed interest rate on the same notional amount and receive the same variable interest rate on the same notional amount. These transactions allow the Company’s customer to effectively convert variable rate loans to fixed rate loans. Since the Company acts as an intermediary for its customer, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts offset each other and do not significantly impact the Company’s results of operations.

The following table summarizes the Company’s interest rate swap positions and the impact of a 1 basis point change in interest rates as of December 31, 2018.

The following table summarizes the Company’s interest rate swap positions and the impact of a 1 basis point change in interest rates as of December 31, 2017.

The Company monitors and controls all derivative products with a comprehensive Board of Director approved commercial loan swap policy. All hedge transactions must be approved in advance by the Lenders Loan Committee or the Directors Loan Committee of the Board of Directors.

The Company invests in qualified affordable housing projects. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of the Company’s investments in qualified affordable housing projects was $4,276 and $3,204, respectively. These balances are reflected in the other assets line on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The unfunded commitments related to the investments in qualified affordable housing projects totaled $4,922 and $4,510 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized amortization expense with respect to its investments in qualified affordable housing projects of $473, $354 and $304, respectively, which was included within pre-tax income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Additionally, during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized tax credits and other benefits from its investments in affordable housing tax credits of $903, $686 and $538, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not incur impairment losses related to its investment in qualified affordable housing projects.

Additionally, during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized tax credits and other benefits from its investments in affordable housing tax credits of $686 and $538, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not incur impairment losses related to its investment in qualified affordable housing projects.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 606. As stated in Note 2 Significant Accounting Policies, the implementation of the new standard did not have a material impact on the measurement or recognition of revenue; as such, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605.

Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities. In addition, certain noninterest income streams such as fees associated with mortgage servicing rights, financial guarantees, derivatives, and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of the new guidance. Topic 606 is applicable to noninterest revenue streams such as trust and asset management income, deposit related fees, interchange fees, merchant income, and annuity and insurance commissions. However, the recognition of these revenue streams did not change significantly upon adoption of Topic 606. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated from contracts with customers. Noninterest revenue streams in-scope of Topic 606 are discussed below.

Service charges consist of account analysis fees (i.e., net fees earned on analyzed business and public checking accounts), monthly service fees, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Other deposit account related fees are largely transactional based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.

Fees, exchange, and other service charges are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, ATM fees and other service charges. Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Mastercard. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. The Company’s performance obligation for fees, exchange, and other service charges are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month.

Wealth management fees are primarily comprised of fees earned from the management and administration of trusts and other customer assets. The Company’s performance obligation is generally satisfied over time and the resulting fees are recognized monthly, based upon the month-end market value of the assets under management and the applicable fee rate. Payment is generally received in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts. The Company does not earn performance-based incentives. The Company’s performance obligation for these transactional-based services is generally satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time (i.e., as incurred). Payment is received shortly after services are rendered.

The Company facilitates the payment of federal and state income tax refunds in partnership with a third-party vendor. Refund Transfers (“RTs”) are fee-based products whereby a tax refund is issued to the taxpayer after the Company has received the refund from the federal or state government. As part of this agreement the Company earns fee income, the majority of which is received in the first quarter of the year. The Company’s fee income revenue is recognized based on the estimated percent of business completed by each date.

Other noninterest income consists of other recurring revenue streams such as check order fees, wire transfer fees, safety deposit box rental fees, item processing fees and other miscellaneous revenue streams. Check order income mainly represents fees charged to customers for checks. Wire transfer fees represent revenue from processing wire transfers. Safe deposit box rental fees are charged to the customer on an annual basis and recognized upon receipt of payment. The Company determined that since rentals and renewals occur fairly consistently over time, revenue is recognized on a basis consistent with the duration of the performance obligation. Item processing fee income represents fees charged to other financial institutions for processing their transactions. Payment is typically received in the following month.

The following presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

A contract asset balance occurs when an entity performs a service for a customer before the customer pays consideration (resulting in a contract receivable) or before payment is due (resulting in a contract asset). A contract liability balance is an entity’s obligation to transfer a service to a customer for which the entity has already received payment (or payment is due) from the customer. The Company’s noninterest revenue streams are largely based on transactional activity, or standard month-end revenue accruals such as asset management fees based on month-end market values. Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and revenue is recognized. The Company does not typically enter into long-term revenue contracts with customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any significant contract balances.

In connection with the adoption of Topic 606, an entity is required to capitalize, and subsequently amortize into expense, certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if these costs are expected to be recovered. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that an entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained (for example, sales commission). The Company utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to immediately expense contract acquisition costs when the asset that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less. Upon adoption of Topic 606, the Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition cost.


James O. Miller		Dennis G. Shaffer
Chairman
		CEO and President

2018
First Quarter					Second Quarter					Third Quarter					Fourth Quarter
$	20.67	to	$	24.69	$	22.35	to	$	25.71	$	22.73	to	$	25.88	$	15.55	to	$	24.62

2017
First Quarter					Second Quarter					Third Quarter					Fourth Quarter
$	18.59	to	$	23.75	$	18.82	to	$	22.41	$	18.96	to	$	22.73	$	20.41	to	$	23.76

	December 31, 2018								December 31, 2017
Change in Rates	Dollar Amount		Dollar Change			Percent Change			Dollar Amount		Dollar Change			Percent Change
+200bp	$	417,572	$	29,451			8	%	$	270,928	$	33,923			14	%
+100bp		409,514		21,393			6	%		261,071		24,066			10	%
Base		388,121		—			—			237,005		—			—
-100bp		366,486		(21,393	)		-6	%		223,526		(13,479	)		-6	%


Dennis G. Shaffer		Todd A. Michel
President and Chief Executive Officer		Senior Vice President, Controller


Sandusky, Ohio
March 15, 2019

Five –Year Selected Consolidated Financial Data		1

Common Shares and Shareholder Matters		3

General Development of Business		3

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		4

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk		17

Financial Statements
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting		21
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Statements		22
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Financial Statements		23
Consolidated Balance Sheets		24
Consolidated Statements of Operations		25
Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statements		26
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity		27
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow		28
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		31

	As of and for year ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries)	$	235		$	171		$	(244	)
Provision (credit) for loan losses charged to expense		780			—			(1,300	)
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) as a percent of average outstanding loans		0.02	%		0.02	%		(0.02	)%
Allowance for loan losses	$	13,679		$	13,134		$	13,305
Allowance for loan losses as a percent of year-end outstanding loans		0.88	%		1.13	%		1.26	%
Impaired loans, excluding purchase credit impaired loans (PCI)	$	2,857		$	3,460		$	6,539
Impaired loans as a percent of gross year-end loans (1)		0.18	%		0.30	%		0.62	%
Nonaccrual and 90 days or more past due loans, excluding PCI	$	5,869		$	6,148		$	6,952
Nonaccrual and 90 days or more past due loans, excluding PCI as a percent of gross year-end loans (1)		0.38	%		0.53	%		0.66	%

	Total Risk Based Capital			Tier I Risk Based Capital			CET1 Risk Based Capital			Leverage Ratio
Company Ratios—December 31, 2018		16.1	%		15.3	%		12.9	%		12.2	%
Company Ratios—December 31, 2017		16.6	%		15.5	%		11.6	%		12.7	%
For Capital Adequacy Purposes		8.0	%		6.0	%		4.5	%		4.0	%
To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions		10.0	%		8.0	%		6.5	%		5.0	%

Contractual Obligations	One year or less		One to three years		Three to five years		Over five years		Total
Deposits without a stated maturity	$	1,312,207	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,312,207
Certificates of deposit and IRAs		155,304		95,745		16,249		388		267,686
FHLB advances, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and U.S. Treasury interest -bearing demand note		215,799		—		—		—		215,799
Subordinated debentures (1)		—		—		—		29,427		29,427
Operating leases		521		374		66		—		961

	Core deposit intangibles
2019	$	857
2020		842
2021		823
2022		800
2023		773
Thereafter		3,168
	$	7,263

	Actual From Acquisition Date Through December 31, 2018 (in thousands)
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	$	3,227
Noninterest income		373
Net income		1,707

	Pro Formas (unaudited) Twelve months ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	$	74,642	$	70,100	$	65,878
Noninterest income		18,331		20,782		20,937
Net income		18,984		19,284		12,914
Pro forma earnings per share:
Basic	$	1.51	$	1.82	$	1.42
Diluted	$	1.37	$	1.56	$	1.18


Consideration paid				$	117,344

Net assets acquired:
Cash and due from financial institutions	$	156,472
Securities available for sale		43,214
Equity securities		212
Loans held for sale		492
Loans, net		298,319
Other securities		3,527
Premises and equipment		5,291
Accrued interest receivable		950
Core deposit intangible		7,518
Bank owned life insurance		17,193
Other assets		10,361
Noninterest-bearing deposits		(112,787	)
Interest-bearing deposits		(363,157	)
Other liabilities		(17	)
					67,588
Goodwill resulting from UCB merger				$	49,756

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
2018
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	30,623	$	202	$	(140	)	$	30,685
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		168,993		3,680		(602	)		172,071
Mortgage-back securities in government sponsored entities		143,707		1,024		(1,193	)		143,538
Total debt securities	$	343,323	$	4,906	$	(1,935	)	$	346,294

	Available for sale
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	10,963	$	10,912
Due from one to five years		19,087		19,147
Due from five to ten years		29,384		30,523
Due after ten years		140,182		142,174
Mortgage-backed securities in government sponsored entities		143,707		143,538
Total securities available for sale	$	343,323	$	346,294

2018	12 Months or less					More than 12 months					Total
Description of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	—		$	16,469	$	(140	)	$	16,469	$	(140	)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		8,008		(71	)		25,890		(531	)		33,898		(602	)
Mortgage-backed securities in gov’t sponsored entities		6,630		(90	)		40,333		(1,103	)		46,963		(1,193	)
Total temporarily impaired	$	14,638	$	(161	)	$	82,692	$	(1,774	)	$	97,330	$	(1,935	)

	2018
Net gains recognized on equity securities during the year	$	26
Less: Net gains (losses) realized on the sale of equity securities during the period		—
Unrealized gains recognized in equity securities held at December 31	$	26

	2018			2017
Commercial and Agriculture	$	177,101		$	152,473
Commercial Real Estate - owner occupied		210,121			164,099
Commercial Real Estate - non-owner occupied		523,598			425,623
Residential Real Estate		457,850			268,735
Real Estate Construction		135,195			97,531
Farm Real Estate		38,513			39,461
Consumer and Other		19,563			16,739
Total Loans		1,561,941			1,164,661
Allowance for loan losses		(13,679	)		(13,134	)
Net loans	$	1,548,262		$	1,151,527

	2018			2017
Balance - Beginning of year	$	14,002		$	14,389
New loans and advances		3,308			2,344
Repayments		(2,324	)		(1,256	)
Effect of changes to related parties		(6,264	)		(1,475	)
Balance - End of year	$	8,722		$	14,002

December 31, 2018	Residential Real Estate		Real Estate Construction		Consumer and Other		Total
Performing	$	378,999	$	10,372	$	17,830	$	407,201
Nonperforming		—		—		—		—
Total	$	378,999	$	10,372	$	17,830	$	407,201

	For the Twelve Month Period Ended December 31, 2018
	Number of Contracts		Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Commercial & Agriculture		—	$	—	$	—
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		—		—		—
Non-Owner Occupied		—		—		—
Residential Real Estate		1		23		23
Real Estate Construction		—		—		—
Farm Real Estate		1		110		110
Consumer and Other		—		—		—
Total Loan Modifications		2	$	133	$	133

For the year ended:	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Commercial & Agriculture	$	636	$	25	$	1,375	$	34
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner Occupied		610		33		1,507		75
Non-Owner Occupied		39		5		233		6
Residential Real Estate		1,519		75		1,515		73
Real Estate Construction		—		—		—		—
Farm Real Estate		716		29		613		28
Consumer and Other		—		—		—		—
Total	$	3,520	$	167	$	5,243	$	216

	At December 31, 2018			At December 31, 2017
	(In Thousands)			(In Thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	15		$	49
Acquisition of PCI loans		334			—
Accretion		(13	)		(34	)
Balance at end of period	$	336		$	15

	September 14, 2018
	(In Thousands)
Contractually required payments	$	2,353
Non-accretable discount		(1,141	)
Expected cash flows		1,212
Accretable discount		(334	)
Estimated fair value	$	878

	At December 31, 2018		At December 31, 2017
	Acquired Loans with Specific Evidence of Deterioration of Credit Quality (ASC 310-30)		Acquired Loans with Specific Evidence of Deterioration of Credit Quality (ASC 310-30)
	(In Thousands)
Outstanding balance	$	1,805	$	775
Carrying amount		924		215

	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (a)
	For the year ended December 31,
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components	2018				2017				2016				Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	$	(413	)		$	12			$	19			Net gain (loss) on sale of securities
Tax effect		87				(4	)			(6	)		Income taxes
		(326	)			8				13
Amortization of defined benefit pension items
Actuarial losses		(149	)	(b)		(380	)	(b)		(326	)	(b)	Other operating expenses
Tax effect		32				133				111			Income taxes
		(117	)			(247	)			(215	)
Total reclassifications for the period	$	(443	)		$	(239	)		$	(202	)

	2018			2017
Land and improvements	$	6,553		$	5,022
Buildings and improvements		27,013			21,221
Furniture and equipment		20,831			17,004
Total		54,397			43,247
Accumulated depreciation		(32,376	)		(25,636	)
Premises and equipment, net	$	22,021		$	17,611

	2018						2017
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Amortized intangible assets(1):
MSRs	$	2,110	$	446	$	1,664	$	1,065	$	322	$	743
Core deposit intangibles		14,792		7,104		7,688		7,274		6,738		536
Total amortized intangible assets	$	16,902	$	7,550	$	9,352	$	8,339	$	7,060	$	1,279

	2018		2017
Demand	$	261,996	$	183,680
Statement and Passbook Savings		582,128		435,377
Certificates of Deposit:
$250 and over		42,815		8,206
Other		173,445		192,455
Individual Retirement Accounts		51,426		23,241
Total	$	1,111,810	$	842,959

	At December 31, 2018						At December 31, 2017
	Federal Funds Purchased			Short-term Borrowings			Federal Funds Purchased			Short-term Borrowings
Outstanding balance at year end	$	—		$	188,600		$	—		$	56,900
Maximum indebtedness during the year		20,000			225,300			20,000			115,050
Average balance during the year		116			113,520			119			38,825
Average rate paid during the year		2.58	%		2.07	%		1.68	%		1.12	%
Interest rate on year end balance		—			2.45	%		—			1.42	%

	At December 31, 2016
	Federal Funds Purchased			Short-term Borrowings
Outstanding balance at year end	$	—		$	31,000
Maximum indebtedness during the year		20,000			70,400
Average balance during the year		116			10,483
Average rate paid during the year		0.86	%		0.42	%
Interest rate on year end balance		—			0.64	%

	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Securities pledged for repurchase agreements:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	861	$	874
Obligations of U.S. government agencies		21,338		20,881
Total securities pledged	$	22,199	$	21,755
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements	$	22,199	$	21,755
Amounts related to agreements not included in offsetting disclosures above	$	—	$	—

	2018			2017
Change in benefit obligation:
Beginning benefit obligation	$	17,916		$	16,964
Service cost		—			—
Interest cost		627			679
Curtailment gain		—			—
Settlement loss		98			46
Actuarial (gain)/loss		(1,800	)		986
Benefits paid		(104	)		(91	)
Settlement payments		(3,399	)		(668	)
Ending benefit obligation		13,338			17,916
Change in plan assets, at fair value:
Beginning plan assets		19,306			16,150
Actual return		(207	)		1,947
Employer contribution		—			2,000
Benefits paid		(104	)		(91	)
Settlement payments		(3,399	)		(668	)
Administrative expenses		(24	)		(32	)
Ending plan assets		15,572			19,306
Funded status at end of year	$	2,234		$	1,390

	Target Allocation		Percentage of Plan Assets at Year-end
Asset Category	2019		2018			2017
Equity securities	20-50	%		33.1	%		48.0	%
Debt securities	30-60			20.7			51.9
Money market funds	20-30			46.2			0.1
Total				100.0	%		100.0	%

2019	$	2,332
2020		330
2021		781
2022		1,734
2023		757
2024 through 2028		4,928
Total	$	10,862