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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Mar. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:    
Net income $ 76,884 $ 73,160
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:    
Depreciation and amortization expense 9,468 8,625
Gain on sale of operations, net 0 (99)
Bad debt expense, net of recoveries 550 461
Adjustment to contingent earnout liability 434 630
Stock-based compensation expense 2,638 3,831
Deferred income taxes 2,057 2,641
Other, net 150 108
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:    
Accounts receivable, net (121,551) (99,423)
Other assets (2,592) (188)
Accounts payable 5,743 1,049
Income taxes payable 24,827 23,408
Accrued personnel costs (62,381) (61,898)
Other liabilities 53 3,184
Net cash used in operating activities (63,720) (44,511)
Cash flows from investing activities:    
Business acquisitions and purchases of client lists, net of cash acquired (21,337) (39,055)
Purchases of client fund investments (4,440) 0
Proceeds from the sales and maturities of client fund investments 5,450 500
Proceeds from sales of divested operations 0 120
Change in funds held for clients (1,015) 5
Additions to property and equipment (5,121) (3,599)
Other, net (2,239) (3,867)
Net cash used in investing activities (28,702) (45,896)
Cash flows from financing activities:    
Proceeds from bank debt 381,200 348,600
Payment of bank debt (255,800) (210,600)
Payment for acquisition of treasury stock 0 (19,776)
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholding (11,229) (8,224)
Changes in client funds obligations (11,859) (23,251)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 0 3,629
Payment of contingent consideration for acquisitions and client lists (31,124) (28,600)
Net cash provided by financing activities 71,188 61,778
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (21,234) (28,629)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year 157,148 160,145
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period 135,914 131,516
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:    
Cash and cash equivalents 1,402 2,265
Restricted cash 27,740 25,109
Cash equivalents included in funds held for clients 106,772 104,142
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 135,914 $ 131,516