FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT AND DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT AND DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and explains the related disclosure requirements. ASC 820 indicates, among other things, that a fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability and defines fair value based upon an exit price model.

Valuation Hierarchy. ASC 820 establishes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of the inputs to valuation used to measure fair value. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less and are considered Level 1 on the fair value valuation hierarchy. The fair value of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash approximated the carrying value at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Senior Notes are considered Level 2 based on the fair value valuation hierarchy. Contingent consideration related to the GE Transportation acquisition was considered Level 3 based on the fair value valuation hierarchy. At December 31, 2023, $42 million was classified as "Other accrued liabilities" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets, which approximates fair value. There was no contingent consideration outstanding at December 31, 2024.

Hedging Activities In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to market risks related to interest rates, commodity prices and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which may adversely affect our operating results and financial position. At times, we limit these risks through the use of derivatives such as cross-currency swaps, foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps, commodity swaps and options. These hedging contracts are valued using broker quotations, or market transactions in either the listed or over-the counter markets. As such, these derivative instruments are classified within Level 2. In accordance with our policy, derivatives are only used for hedging purposes. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

The Company uses forward contracts to hedge forecasted foreign currency denominated sales of finished goods and future settlement of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. Derivatives used to hedge firm commitments relevant to sales and purchases and forecasted transactions to be realized with high probability that meet the criteria for hedge accounting are designated as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of gains and losses is deferred as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss and is recognized in earnings at the time the hedged item affects earnings, in the same line item as the underlying hedged item. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the amounts reclassified into income were not material.

The Company has also established balance sheet risk management and net investment hedging programs to protect its balance sheet against foreign currency exchange rate volatility. We conduct our business worldwide in U.S. dollars and the functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries, including euro, Indian rupee, British pound sterling, Australian dollars, Brazilian real, Kazakhstani tenge, and several other foreign currencies. Changes in these foreign currency exchange rates could have a material adverse impact on our financial results that are reported in U.S. dollars. We are also exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk related to our foreign subsidiaries, including intercompany loans denominated in non-functional currencies. We hedge these exposures using foreign currency swap contracts and cross-currency swaps to offset the potential income statement effects on intercompany loans denominated in non-functional currencies. These programs reduce but do not eliminate foreign currency exchange rate risk entirely.

The Company enters into certain derivative contracts in accordance with its risk management strategy that do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting, but which have the impact of largely mitigating foreign currency exposure. These foreign exchange contracts are accounted for on a full mark-to-market basis through earnings, with gains and losses recorded as a component of Other income, net. The net gains and losses related to these contracts were not material for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. These contracts typically mature within one year.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company may use interest rate hedge contracts on certain investing and borrowing transactions to manage its net exposure to interest rate changes and to manage its overall cost of borrowing. The Company does not use leveraged swaps and, in general, does not leverage any of its investment activities that would put principal capital at risk. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company utilized all outstanding interest rate hedge contracts to help manage interest expense for the 2034 Notes issued in the first quarter of 2024. In the third quarter of 2024, the Company entered into new interest rate hedge contracts to manage interest rate risk for a portion of future expected debt transactions. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the amounts reclassified into income were not material.

Commodity Price Risk

The Company may use commodity forward swaps to manage its exposure to commodity price changes and to reduce its overall cost of manufacturing. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the amounts reclassified into income were not material.

The following table summarizes the assets, liabilities, gross notional amounts, fair values, and fair value hierarchy classification of the designated and non-designated hedges discussed in the above sections as of December 31, 2024, which are

included in Other current assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets:


		Fair Value				Gross Notional Amount
In millions	Level	Designated		Non-Designated		Designated		Non-Designated
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Other current assets	2	$	5	$	1	$	387	$	153
Other current liabilities	2	(4)		(1)		182		44



Interest Rate Contracts
Other current assets	2	2		—		40		—
Total		$	3	$	—	$	609	$	197


		Fair Value				Gross Notional Amount
In millions	Level	Designated		Non-Designated		Designated		Non-Designated
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Other current assets	2	$	6	$	3	$	319	$	110
Other current liabilities	2	(12)		(3)		655		200
Interest Rate Contracts
Other current assets	2	10		—		250		—
Total		$	4	$	—	$	1,224	$	310