10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022

or

☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number 001-02658

 STEWART INFORMATION SERVICES CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		74-1677330
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1360 Post Oak Blvd.,	Suite 100
Houston,	Texas	77056
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (713) 625-8100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1 par value per share	STC	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    

Yes ☑  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

☑	Large accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☐	Emerging growth company
☐	Accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes ☐  No ☑

On August 2, 2022, there were 27,108,912 outstanding shares of the issuer's Common Stock.

FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT

QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item		Page
	PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1.	Financial Statements	3
2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28
4.	Controls and Procedures	29
	PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
1.	Legal Proceedings	30
1A.	Risk Factors	30
2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	30
5.	Other Information	30
6.	Exhibits	31
	Signature	32

As used in this report, “we,” “us,” “our,” "Registrant," the “Company” and “Stewart” mean Stewart Information Services Corporation and our subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted, except per share)
Revenues
Title revenues:
Direct operations	351,122	353,502	668,956	633,007
Agency operations	409,931	390,330	814,076	736,261
Real estate solutions and other	88,186	58,193	211,415	114,124
Operating revenues	849,239	802,025	1,694,447	1,483,392
Investment income	6,739	5,130	10,361	9,074
Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains	(11,905)	11,654	(7,820)	14,929
	844,073	818,809	1,696,988	1,507,395
Expenses
Amounts retained by agencies	339,847	322,020	671,039	605,955
Employee costs	210,246	188,467	415,228	357,864
Other operating expenses	162,008	137,796	351,756	263,279
Title losses and related claims	26,398	33,569	55,619	62,342
Depreciation and amortization	14,288	6,819	28,037	13,249
Interest	4,507	682	8,918	1,248
	757,294	689,353	1,530,597	1,303,937
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interests	86,779	129,456	166,391	203,458
Income tax expense	(19,894)	(30,616)	(37,594)	(47,496)
Net income	66,885	98,840	128,797	155,962
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	5,225	4,021	9,240	6,907
Net income attributable to Stewart	61,660	94,819	119,557	149,055
Net income	66,885	98,840	128,797	155,962
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(8,181)	1,379	(7,561)	3,246
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(12,694)	1,009	(32,592)	(8,147)
Reclassification adjustments for realized gains and losses on investments	(117)	(418)	(302)	(563)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes:	(20,992)	1,970	(40,455)	(5,464)
Comprehensive income	45,893	100,810	88,342	150,498
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	5,225	4,021	9,240	6,907
Comprehensive income attributable to Stewart	40,668	96,789	79,102	143,591
Basic average shares outstanding (000)	27,018	26,798	26,989	26,767
Basic earnings per share attributable to Stewart	2.28	3.54	4.43	5.57
Diluted average shares outstanding (000)	27,293	27,123	27,377	27,038
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Stewart	2.26	3.50	4.37	5.51

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	June 30, 2022 (Unaudited)	December 31, 2021
	($000 omitted)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	405,310	485,919
Short-term investments	17,282	17,650
Investments, at fair value:
Debt securities (amortized cost of $623,614 and $578,165)	593,583	589,772
Equity securities	93,672	89,442
	687,255	679,214
Receivables:
Premiums from agencies	50,565	45,428
Trade and other	70,572	75,079
Income taxes	4,338	5,420
Notes	4,633	1,124
Allowance for uncollectible amounts	(7,028)	(7,711)
	123,080	119,340
Property and equipment:
Land	2,545	2,545
Buildings	18,692	19,303
Furniture and equipment	208,350	216,261
Accumulated depreciation	(156,087)	(165,653)
	73,500	72,456
Operating lease assets	137,275	134,578
Title plants, at cost	73,503	76,859
Investments on equity method basis	4,650	4,754
Goodwill	964,212	924,837
Intangible assets, net of amortization	187,494	229,804
Deferred tax assets	3,766	3,846
Other assets	78,015	64,105
	2,755,342	2,813,362
Liabilities
Notes payable	444,908	483,491
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	200,294	287,326
Operating lease liabilities	150,472	149,417
Estimated title losses	562,681	549,614
Deferred tax liabilities	37,166	48,779
	1,395,521	1,518,627
Contingent liabilities and commitments
Stockholders’ equity
Common Stock ($1 par value) and additional paid-in capital	316,224	309,622
Retained earnings	1,073,788	974,800
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(16,478)	(8,917)
Net unrealized (losses) gains on debt securities investments	(23,724)	9,170
Treasury stock – 352,161 common shares, at cost	(2,666)	(2,666)
Stockholders’ equity attributable to Stewart	1,347,144	1,282,009
Noncontrolling interests	12,677	12,726
Total stockholders’ equity (27,038,282 and 26,893,430 shares outstanding)	1,359,821	1,294,735
	2,755,342	2,813,362

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

	Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Reconciliation of net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Net income	128,797	155,962
Add (deduct):
Depreciation and amortization	28,037	13,249
Adjustments for bad debt provisions	(157)	846
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains)	7,820	(14,929)
Amortization of net premium on debt securities investments	1,382	1,904
Payments for title losses less than provisions	16,902	26,222
Adjustments for insurance recoveries of title losses	220	—
Decrease (increase) in receivables – net	2,907	(22,366)
Increase in other assets – net	(6,720)	(3,327)
Decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities – net	(68,475)	(15,390)
Change in net deferred income taxes	515	4,122
Net income from equity method investments	(1,860)	(3,412)
Dividends received from equity method investments	2,150	1,739
Stock-based compensation expense	6,440	5,879
Other – net	229	(47)
Cash provided by operating activities	118,187	150,452
Investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of investments in securities	28,769	14,744
Proceeds from matured investments in debt securities	23,521	51,034
Purchases of investments in securities	(117,913)	(89,198)
Net (purchases) sales of short-term investments	(189)	2,747
Purchases of property and equipment, and real estate	(26,226)	(16,430)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment and other assets	1,033	10,583
Cash paid for acquisition of businesses	(23,310)	(131,906)
Cash paid for acquisition of equity method investment	(69)	(16,080)
Other – net	3,242	855
Cash used by investing activities	(111,142)	(173,651)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from notes payable	5,721	181,755
Payments on notes payable	(44,553)	(157,662)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(9,483)	(7,253)
Repurchases of Common Stock	(2,551)	(2,002)
Proceeds from stock option and employee stock purchase plan exercises	2,713	181
Cash dividends paid	(20,258)	(17,688)
Payment of contingent consideration related to acquisitions	(15,997)	(75)
Purchase of remaining interest in consolidated subsidiaries	—	(5,616)
Other - net	94	(777)
Cash used by financing activities	(84,314)	(9,137)
Effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates	(3,340)	195
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(80,609)	(32,141)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	485,919	432,683
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	405,310	400,542

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

	Common Stock	Additional paid-in capital	Retained earnings	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	Treasury stock	Noncontrolling interests	Total
	($000 omitted)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Balance at December 31, 2021	27,246	282,376	974,800	253	(2,666)	12,726	1,294,735
Net income attributable to Stewart	—	—	119,557	—	—	—	119,557
Dividends on Common Stock ($0.75 per share)	—	—	(20,569)	—	—	—	(20,569)
Stock-based compensation	126	6,314	—	—	—	—	6,440
Stock repurchases	(37)	(2,514)	—	—	—	—	(2,551)
Stock option and employee stock purchase plan exercises	55	2,658	—	—	—	—	2,713
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	—	—	—	(32,592)	—	—	(32,592)
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	—	—	—	(302)	—	—	(302)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	—	—	—	(7,561)	—	—	(7,561)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—	—	—	—	—	9,240	9,240
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—	—	—	—	—	(9,483)	(9,483)
Net effect of other changes in ownership	—	—	—	—	—	194	194
Balance at June 30, 2022	27,390	288,834	1,073,788	(40,202)	(2,666)	12,677	1,359,821
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Balance at December 31, 2020	27,080	274,857	688,819	17,022	(2,666)	7,294	1,012,406
Net income attributable to Stewart	—	—	149,055	—	—	—	149,055
Dividends on Common Stock ($0.66 per share)	—	—	(18,040)	—	—	—	(18,040)
Stock-based compensation	131	5,748	—	—	—	—	5,879
Stock repurchases	(39)	(1,963)	—	—	—	—	(2,002)
Stock option and employee stock purchase plan exercises	5	176	—	—	—	—	181
Purchase of remaining interest in consolidated subsidiary	—	(4,744)	—	—	—	(872)	(5,616)
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	—	—	—	(8,147)	—	—	(8,147)
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes, net of taxes	—	—	—	(563)	—	—	(563)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	—	—	—	3,246	—	—	3,246
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—	—	—	—	—	6,907	6,907
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—	—	—	—	—	(7,253)	(7,253)
Balance at June 30, 2021	27,177	274,074	819,834	11,558	(2,666)	6,096	1,136,073

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

	Common Stock	Additional paid-in capital	Retained earnings	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	Treasury stock	Noncontrolling interests	Total
	($000 omitted)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Balances at June 30, 2021	27,367	284,524	1,022,456	(19,210)	(2,666)	12,317	1,324,788
Net income attributable to Stewart	—	—	61,660	—	—	—	61,660
Dividends on Common Stock ($0.38 per share)	—	—	(10,328)	—	—	—	(10,328)
Stock-based compensation	18	4,183	—	—	—	—	4,201
Stock repurchases	(1)	(88)	—	—	—	—	(89)
Stock option and employee stock purchase plan exercises	6	215	—	—	—		221
Purchase of remaining interest in consolidated subsidiaries	—		—	—	—		—
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	—	—	—	(12,694)	—	—	(12,694)
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	—	—	—	(117)	—	—	(117)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	—	—	—	(8,181)	—	—	(8,181)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—	—	—	—	—	5,225	5,225
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—	—	—	—	—	(4,915)	(4,915)
Net effect of other changes in ownership	—	—	—	—	—	50	50
Balance at June 30, 2022	27,390	288,834	1,073,788	(40,202)	(2,666)	12,677	1,359,821
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Balances at June 30, 2020	27,158	273,820	733,973	9,588	(2,666)	6,025	1,047,898
Net income attributable to Stewart	—	—	94,819	—	—	—	94,819
Dividends on Common Stock ($0.33 per share)	—	—	(8,958)	—	—	—	(8,958)
Stock-based compensation	18	2,687	—	—	—	—	2,705
Stock repurchases	(2)	(65)	—	—	—	—	(67)
Stock option exercises	3	117					120
Purchase of remaining interest in consolidated subsidiary	—	(2,485)	—	—	—	(561)	(3,046)
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	—	—	—	1,009	—	—	1,009
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes, net of taxes	—	—	—	(418)	—	—	(418)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	—	—	—	1,379	—	—	1,379
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—	—	—	—	—	4,021	4,021
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—	—	—	—	—	(3,409)	(3,409)
Net effect of other changes in ownership	—	—	—	—	—	20	20
Balance at June 30, 2021	27,177	274,074	819,834	11,558	(2,666)	6,096	1,136,073

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1

Interim financial statements. The financial information contained in this report for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and as of June 30, 2022, is unaudited. This report should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2022 (2021 Form 10-K).

A. Management’s responsibility. The accompanying interim financial statements were prepared by management, who is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the United States (U.S.) generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), including management’s best judgments and estimates. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of this information for all interim periods, consisting only of normal recurring accruals, have been made. The Company’s results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year and actual results could differ.

B. Consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements include all subsidiaries in which the Company owns more than 50% voting rights in electing directors. All significant intercompany amounts and transactions have been eliminated and provisions have been made for noncontrolling interests. Unconsolidated investees, in which the Company typically owns from 20% to 50% of the voting stock, are accounted for using the equity method.

C. Restrictions on cash and investments. The Company maintains investments in accordance with certain statutory requirements for the funding of statutory premium reserves. Statutory reserve funds are required to be fully funded and invested in high-quality securities and short-term investments. Statutory reserve funds are not available for current claim payments, which must be funded from current operating cash flow. Included in investments in debt and equity securities are statutory reserve funds of approximately $538.1 million and $523.5 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. In addition, included within cash and cash equivalents are statutory reserve funds of approximately $14.9 million and $41.4 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Although these cash statutory reserve funds are not restricted or segregated in depository accounts, they are required to be held pursuant to state statutes. If the Company fails to maintain minimum investments or cash and cash equivalents sufficient to meet statutory requirements, the Company may be subject to fines or other penalties, including potential revocation of its business license. These funds are not available for any other purpose. In the event that insurance regulators adjust the determination of the statutory premium reserves of the Company’s title insurers, these restricted funds as well as statutory surplus would correspondingly increase or decrease.

NOTE 2

Revenues. The Company's operating revenues, summarized by type, are as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Title insurance premiums:
Direct	231,721	243,638	437,283	438,631
Agency	409,931	390,330	814,076	736,261
Escrow fees	61,497	63,534	117,289	120,183
Real estate solutions and abstract fees	104,213	80,712	213,015	149,332
Other revenues	41,877	23,811	112,784	38,985
	849,239	802,025	1,694,447	1,483,392

8

NOTE 3

Investments in debt and equity securities. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the net unrealized investment gains relating to investments in equity securities held were $14.5 million and $21.1 million, respectively (refer to Note 5).

The amortized costs and fair values of investments in debt securities are as follows:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Amortized costs	Fair values	Amortized costs	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	32,555	32,525	34,739	36,323
Corporate	268,626	255,437	249,757	258,102
Foreign	311,894	295,134	287,240	288,883
U.S. Treasury Bonds	10,539	10,487	6,429	6,464
	623,614	593,583	578,165	589,772

Foreign debt securities consist of Canadian government, provincial and corporate bonds, United Kingdom treasury and corporate bonds, and Mexican government bonds.

Gross unrealized gains and losses on investments in debt securities are as follows:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Gains	Losses	Gains	Losses
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	114	144	1,585	1
Corporate	435	13,624	9,389	1,044
Foreign	319	17,079	3,285	1,642
U.S. Treasury Bonds	33	85	60	25
	901	30,932	14,319	2,712

Debt securities as of June 30, 2022 mature, according to their contractual terms, as follows (actual maturities may differ due to call or prepayment rights):

	Amortized costs	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
In one year or less	98,843	98,429
After one year through five years	333,202	318,895
After five years through ten years	158,609	145,799
After ten years	32,960	30,460
	623,614	593,583

9

Gross unrealized losses on investments in debt securities and the fair values of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2022, were:

	Less than 12 months		More than 12 months		Total
	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	144	11,631	—	—	144	11,631
Corporate	12,033	218,982	1,591	11,268	13,624	230,250
Foreign	14,322	249,533	2,757	37,154	17,079	286,687
U.S. Treasury Bonds	61	1,410	24	611	85	2,021
	26,560	481,556	4,372	49,033	30,932	530,589

The number of specific debt investment holdings held in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2022 was 303. Of these securities, 23 were in unrealized loss positions for more than 12 months. Gross unrealized investment losses at June 30, 2022 increased compared to December 31, 2021, primarily due to the market volatility influenced by higher interest rates and credit spreads during 2022. Since the Company does not intend to sell and will more likely than not maintain each investment security until its maturity or anticipated recovery in value, and no significant credit risk is deemed to exist, these investments are not considered as credit-impaired. The Company believes its investment portfolio is diversified and expects no material loss to result from the failure to perform by issuers of the debt securities it holds. Investments made by the Company are not collateralized.

Gross unrealized losses on investments in debt securities and the fair values of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021, were:

	Less than 12 months		More than 12 months		Total
	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	1	130	—	—	1	130
Corporate	588	42,231	456	12,014	1,044	54,245
Foreign	1,502	118,943	140	3,394	1,642	122,337
U.S. Treasury Bonds	8	477	17	508	25	985
	2,099	161,781	613	15,916	2,712	177,697

NOTE 4

Fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal, or most advantageous, market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Under U.S. GAAP, there is a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs when possible.

The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

•Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 – observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and

•Level 3 – unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair values of the assets or liabilities, including certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

10

As of June 30, 2022, financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

	Level 1	Level 2	Fair value measurements
	($000 omitted)
Investments in securities:
Debt securities:
Municipal	—	32,525	32,525
Corporate	—	255,437	255,437
Foreign	—	295,134	295,134
U.S. Treasury Bonds	—	10,487	10,487
Equity securities	93,672	—	93,672
	93,672	593,583	687,255

As of December 31, 2021, financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

	Level 1	Level 2	Fair value measurements
	($000 omitted)
Investments in securities:
Debt securities:
Municipal	—	36,323	36,323
Corporate	—	258,102	258,102
Foreign	—	288,883	288,883
U.S. Treasury Bonds	—	6,464	6,464
Equity securities	89,442	—	89,442
	89,442	589,772	679,214

As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Level 1 financial instruments consist of equity securities. Level 2 financial instruments consist of municipal, governmental, and corporate bonds, both U.S. and foreign. In accordance with the Company’s policies and guidelines which incorporate relevant statutory requirements, the Company’s third-party registered investment manager invests only in securities rated as investment grade or higher by the major rating services, where observable valuation inputs are significant. The fair value of the Company's investments in debt and equity securities is primarily determined using a third-party pricing service provider. The third-party pricing service provider calculates the fair values using both market approach and model valuation methods, as well as pricing information obtained from brokers, dealers and custodians. Management ensures the reasonableness of the third-party service valuations by comparing them with pricing information from the Company's investment manager.

NOTE 5

Net realized and unrealized gains. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are detailed as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Realized gains	1,683	7,909	3,277	8,080
Realized losses	(3,671)	—	(3,839)	(2,469)
Net unrealized investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities still held at end of period	(9,917)	3,745	(7,258)	9,318
	(11,905)	11,654	(7,820)	14,929

11

Realized gains and losses during the second quarter 2022 included realized losses of $3.6 million from disposals of businesses and a $1.0 million gain from an acquisition contingent liability adjustment. Realized gains and losses during the second quarter 2021 included $7.3 million of gains on sales of buildings. Additionally, realized gains and losses for the first six months of 2022 and 2021 included a $1.0 million realized gain related to sale of a title plant copy, and a $2.5 million loss related to a disposal of an equity method investment, respectively.

Investment gains and losses recognized related to investments in equity securities are as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Net investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities during the period	(9,366)	3,780	(6,795)	9,361
Less: Net realized gains on equity securities sold during the period	551	35	463	43
Net unrealized investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities still held at end of period	(9,917)	3,745	(7,258)	9,318

Proceeds from sales of investments in securities are as follows: 

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Proceeds from sales of debt securities	11,002	11,634	28,282	14,571
Proceeds from sales of equity securities	117	59	487	173
Total proceeds from sales of investments in securities	11,119	11,693	28,769	14,744

NOTE 6

Goodwill. The summary of changes in goodwill is as follows.

	Title	Real Estate Solutions	Corporate and Other	Consolidated Total
	($000 omitted)
Balances at December 31, 2021	583,944	325,543	15,350	924,837
Acquisitions	25,325	—	—	25,325
Purchase accounting adjustments	802	28,990	(14,450)	15,342
Disposals	(392)	—	(900)	(1,292)
Balances at June 30, 2022	609,679	354,533	—	964,212

During the first six months of 2022, goodwill recorded in the title segment was related to acquisitions of title search and support services providers, while purchase accounting adjustments were primarily related to measurements of intangible assets and deferred taxes, and adjustments to provisional estimates within one year of the related acquisitions.

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NOTE 7

Estimated title losses. A summary of estimated title losses for the six months ended June 30 is as follows:

	2022		2021
	($000 omitted)
Balances at January 1	549,614		496,275
Provisions:
Current year	55,760		61,147
Previous policy years	(141)		1,195
Total provisions	55,619		62,342
Payments, net of recoveries:
Current year	(8,927)		(7,682)
Previous policy years	(29,790)		(28,438)
Total payments, net of recoveries	(38,717)		(36,120)
Effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates	(3,835)		2,486
Balances at June 30	562,681		524,983
Loss ratios as a percentage of title operating revenues:
Current year provisions	3.8	%	4.5	%
Total provisions	3.8	%	4.6	%

NOTE 8

Share-based payments. As part of its incentive compensation program for executives and senior management employees, the Company provides share-based awards, which usually include a combination of time-based restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units and stock options. Each restricted stock unit represents a contractual right to receive a share of the Company's common stock. The time-based units generally vest on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date, while the performance-based units vest upon achievement of certain financial objectives and an employee service requirement over a period of approximately three years. The stock options vest on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date at a rate of 20%, 30% and 50%, chronologically, and expire 10 years after the grant date. Each vested stock option can be exercised to purchase a share of the Company's common stock at the strike price set by the Company at the grant date. The compensation expense associated with the share-based awards is calculated based on the fair value of the related award and recognized over the corresponding vesting period.

During the first six months of 2022, the Company granted time-based and performance-based restricted stock units with an aggregate grant-date fair value of $11.2 million (174,000 units with an average grant price per unit of $64.15). During the first six months of 2021, the aggregate grant-date fair values of restricted stock unit and stock option awards, respectively, were $8.9 million (166,000 units with an average grant price per unit of $53.71) and $1.3 million (139,000 options with an average grant price per option of $9.24 and exercise strike price of $53.24).

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NOTE 9

Earnings per share. Basic earnings per share (EPS) attributable to Stewart is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Stewart by the weighted-average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the reporting periods. Outstanding shares of Common Stock granted to employees that are not yet vested (restricted shares) are excluded from the calculation of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for calculating basic EPS. To calculate diluted EPS, the number of shares is adjusted to include the number of additional shares that would have been outstanding if restricted units and shares were vested and stock options were exercised. In periods of loss, dilutive shares are excluded from the calculation of the diluted EPS and diluted EPS is computed in the same manner as basic EPS.

The calculation of the basic and diluted EPS is as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted, except per share)
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Stewart	61,660	94,819	119,557	149,055
Denominator (000):
Basic average shares outstanding	27,018	26,798	26,989	26,767
Average number of dilutive shares relating to options	154	189	226	154
Average number of dilutive shares relating to grants of restricted units and shares	121	136	162	117
Diluted average shares outstanding	27,293	27,123	27,377	27,038
Basic earnings per share attributable to Stewart	2.28	3.54	4.43	5.57
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Stewart	2.26	3.50	4.37	5.51

NOTE 10

Contingent liabilities and commitments. In the ordinary course of business, the Company guarantees the third-party indebtedness of certain of its consolidated subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2022, the maximum potential future payments on the guarantees are not more than the related notes payable recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company also guarantees the indebtedness related to lease obligations of certain of its consolidated subsidiaries. The maximum future obligations arising from these lease-related guarantees are not more than the Company’s future lease obligations, as presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, plus lease operating expenses. As of June 30, 2022, the Company also had unused letters of credit aggregating $4.9 million related to workers’ compensation and other insurance. The Company does not expect to make any payments on these guarantees.

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NOTE 11

Regulatory and legal developments. The Company is subject to claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of its business, most of which involve disputed policy claims. In some of these lawsuits, the plaintiffs seek exemplary or treble damages in excess of policy limits. The Company does not expect that any of these ordinary course proceedings will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition or results of operations. The Company believes that it has adequate reserves for the various litigation matters and contingencies referred to in this paragraph and that the likely resolution of these matters will not materially affect its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

The Company is subject to non-ordinary course of business claims or lawsuits from time to time. To the extent the Company is currently the subject of these types of lawsuits, the Company has determined either that a loss is not reasonably possible or that the estimated loss or range of loss, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Additionally, the Company occasionally receives various inquiries from governmental regulators concerning practices in the insurance industry. Many of these practices do not concern title insurance. To the extent the Company is in receipt of such inquiries, it believes that, where appropriate, it has adequately reserved for these matters and does not anticipate that the outcome of these inquiries will materially affect its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

The Company is subject to various other administrative actions and inquiries into its business conduct in certain of the states in which it operates. While the Company cannot predict the outcome of the various regulatory and administrative matters, it believes that it has adequately reserved for these matters and does not anticipate that the outcome of any of these matters will materially affect its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

NOTE 12

Segment information. Prior to 2022, the Company reported two operating segments: the title insurance and related services (title) segment, and the ancillary services and corporate segment. Effective in the first quarter 2022, the Company began reporting three operating segments: the title segment, the real estate solutions segment, and the corporate and other segment. The new segment presentation is primarily due to the increased size of the real estate solutions operations (formerly, ancillary services operations) resulting from strategic acquisitions. Previously, the real estate solutions operations were combined in one segment with the Company's corporate operations, which consist of expenses of the parent holding company and other centralized administrative services departments.

Under the revised segment presentation, the composition of each of the title and real estate solutions segments is substantially unchanged, while the corporate and other segment primarily includes corporate operations. The title segment provides services needed to transfer title to property in a real estate transaction and includes services such as searching, abstracting, examining, closing and insuring the condition of the title to the property. In addition, the title segment includes home and personal insurance services, Internal Revenue Code Section 1031 tax-deferred exchanges, and digital customer engagement platform services. The real estate solutions segment primarily include appraisal management services, online notarization and closing services, credit and real estate information services, and search and valuation services. Amounts for 2021 were recast in the following table to conform with the new segment presentation.

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Selected statement of income information related to these segments is as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Title segment:
Revenues	759,035	753,119	1,488,393	1,385,704
Depreciation and amortization	7,489	4,709	13,631	9,023
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interest	93,595	125,671	176,375	202,760
Real estate solutions segment:
Revenues	82,864	58,193	172,255	114,124
Depreciation and amortization	6,381	1,884	13,177	3,778
Income before taxes	6,095	2,212	12,886	4,869
Corporate and other segment:
Revenues	2,174	7,497	36,340	7,567
Depreciation and amortization	418	226	1,229	448
(Loss) income before taxes	(12,911)	1,573	(22,870)	(4,171)
Consolidated Stewart:
Revenues	844,073	818,809	1,696,988	1,507,395
Depreciation and amortization	14,288	6,819	28,037	13,249
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interest	86,779	129,456	166,391	203,458

The Company does not provide asset information by reportable operating segment as it does not routinely evaluate the asset position by segment.

Total revenues generated in the United States and all international operations are as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
United States	791,447	762,344	1,600,651	1,414,926
International	52,626	56,465	96,337	92,469
	844,073	818,809	1,696,988	1,507,395

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NOTE 13

Other comprehensive (loss) income. Changes in the balances of each component of other comprehensive (loss) income and the related tax effects are as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30, 2022			Three Months Ended   June 30, 2021
	Before-Tax Amount	Tax Expense (Benefit)	Net-of-Tax Amount	Before-Tax Amount	Tax Expense (Benefit)	Net-of-Tax Amount
	($000 omitted)
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments:
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(16,068)	(3,374)	(12,694)	1,277	268	1,009
Reclassification adjustments for realized gains and losses on investments	(148)	(31)	(117)	(529)	(111)	(418)
	(16,216)	(3,405)	(12,811)	748	157	591
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(9,329)	(1,148)	(8,181)	1,760	381	1,379
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(25,545)	(4,553)	(20,992)	2,508	538	1,970

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022			Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
	Before-Tax Amount	Tax Expense (Benefit)	Net-of-Tax Amount	Before-Tax Amount	Tax Expense (Benefit)	Net-of-Tax Amount
	($000 omitted)
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments:
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(41,256)	(8,664)	(32,592)	(10,312)	(2,165)	(8,147)
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments	(382)	(80)	(302)	(713)	(150)	(563)
	(41,638)	(8,744)	(32,894)	(11,025)	(2,315)	(8,710)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(8,353)	(792)	(7,561)	4,111	865	3,246
Other comprehensive loss	(49,991)	(9,536)	(40,455)	(6,914)	(1,450)	(5,464)

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

MANAGEMENT’S OVERVIEW

Second quarter 2022 overview. We reported net income attributable to Stewart of $61.7 million ($2.26 per diluted share) for the second quarter 2022, compared to net income attributable to Stewart of $94.8 million ($3.50 per diluted share) for the second quarter 2021. Pretax income before noncontrolling interests for the second quarter 2022 was $86.8 million compared to pretax income before noncontrolling interests of $129.5 million for the prior year quarter. The second quarter 2022 results included $11.9 million of pretax net realized and unrealized losses, primarily related to net unrealized losses on fair value changes of equity securities investments and losses on disposition of businesses, while the second quarter 2021 results included $11.7 million of pretax net realized and unrealized gains, primarily related to realized gains from sales of buildings and net unrealized gains on fair value changes of equity securities investments.

Summary results of the title segment are as follows ($ in millions, except pretax margin):

	For the Three Months Ended June 30
	2022		2021		% Change
Operating revenues	761.1		743.8		2	%
Investment income	6.7		5.1		31	%
Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains	(8.8)		4.2		(311)	%
Pretax income	93.6		125.7		(26)	%
Pretax margin	12.3	%	16.7	%

The title segment’s operating revenues in the second quarter 2022 increased by $17.2 million, or 2%, compared to the second quarter 2021, primarily due to increased agency operations revenues of $19.6 million, or 5%, partially offset by $2.4 million, or 1%, lower revenues from direct title operations. Overall segment operating expenses in the second quarter 2022 increased $38.0 million, or 6%, compared to the prior year quarter, primarily driven by 6% higher agency retention expenses on higher agency revenues, and 9% higher combined title employee costs and other operating expenses, primarily due to recent acquisitions. Average independent agency remittance rate in the second quarter 2022 was 17.1%, compared to 17.5% in the second quarter 2021. As a percentage of operating revenues, combined title employee costs and other operating expenses was 38.3% in the second quarter 2022 compared to 35.9% in the second quarter 2021.

Title loss expense in the second quarter 2022 decreased 21% to $26.4 million from $33.6 million in the second quarter 2021, primarily due to favorable claims experience. As a percentage of title revenues, title loss expense in the second quarter 2022 was 3.5% compared to 4.5% in the prior year quarter. For the full year 2022, we anticipate our title losses will be approximately 4% of title revenues.

The segment’s net realized and unrealized gains in the second quarter 2022 primarily included $9.9 million of net unrealized losses on fair value changes of equity securities investments, partially offset by a $1.0 million gain related to an acquisition contingent liability adjustment, while net realized and unrealized gains in the second quarter 2021 were primarily related to net unrealized gains on fair value changes of equity securities investments. Investment income in the second quarter 2022 increased compared to the second quarter 2021, primarily as a result of increased dividend income from investments in the second quarter 2022.

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Summary results of the real estate solutions segment are as follows ($ in millions):

	For the Three Months Ended June 30
	2022		2021		% Change
Operating revenues	82.9		58.2		42	%
Pretax income	6.1		2.2		176	%
Pretax margin	7.4	%	3.8	%

Pretax income for the segment improved in the second quarter 2022, compared to the prior year quarter, as a result of $24.7 million, or 42%, higher operating revenues resulting from acquisitions. Total operating expenses increased $20.8 million, or 37%, consistent with increased revenues and higher purchased intangible asset amortization expenses in the second quarter 2022 compared to the prior year quarter. Total intangible asset amortization expenses in the second quarters 2022 and 2021 were $6.1 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

Summary results of the corporate and other segment are as follows ($ in millions):

	For the Three Months Ended June 30
	2022	2021	% Change
Operating revenues	5.3	—	100	%
Realized (loss) gains	(3.2)	7.5	(142)	%
Pretax (loss) income	(12.9)	1.6	(921)	%

Net expenses attributable to corporate operations in the second quarter 2022 were $10.2 million, compared to $5.9 million in the second quarter 2021, with the increase primarily driven by higher interest expense resulting from debt issued in the fourth quarter 2021. Realized losses for the second quarter 2022 were primarily related to the sale of the real estate brokerage company, while realized gains in the second quarter 2021 were primarily related to a sale of buildings.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of certain assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures surrounding contingencies and commitments.

Actual results can differ from our accounting estimates. While we do not anticipate significant changes in our estimates, there is a risk that such changes could have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations for future periods. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, we made no material changes to our critical accounting estimates as previously disclosed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis in the 2021 Form 10-K.

Operations. Our primary business is title insurance and settlement-related services. We close transactions and issue title policies on homes, commercial and other real properties located in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and international markets through policy-issuing offices, agencies and centralized title services centers. Our real estate solutions operations include appraisal management services, online notarization and closing services, credit and real estate information services, and search and valuation services. The corporate and other segment includes our parent holding company expenses and certain enterprise-wide overhead costs, along with other businesses not related to title or real estate solutions operations.

Factors affecting revenues. The principal factors that contribute to changes in our operating revenues include:

•mortgage interest rates;

•availability of mortgage loans;

•number and average value of mortgage loan originations;

•ability of potential purchasers to qualify for loans;

19

•inventory of existing homes available for sale;

•ratio of purchase transactions compared with refinance transactions;

•ratio of closed orders to open orders;

•home prices;

•consumer confidence, including employment trends;

•demand by buyers;

•premium rates;

•foreign currency exchange rates;

•market share;

•ability to attract and retain highly productive sales associates;

•departure of revenue-attached employees;

•independent agency remittance rates;

•opening of new offices and acquisitions;

•office closures;

•number and value of commercial transactions, which typically yield higher premiums;

•government or regulatory initiatives, including tax incentives and the implementation of the integrated disclosure requirements;

•acquisitions or divestitures of businesses;

•volume of distressed property transactions;

•seasonality and/or weather; and

•outbreaks of diseases and related quarantine orders and restrictions on travel, trade and business operations.

Premiums are determined in part by the values of the transactions we handle. To the extent inflation or market conditions cause increases in the prices of homes and other real estate, premium revenues are also increased. Conversely, falling home prices cause premium revenues to decline. As an overall guideline, a 5% change in median home prices results in an approximately 3.7% change in title premiums. Home price changes may override the seasonal nature of the title insurance business. Historically, our first quarter is the least active in terms of title insurance revenues as home buying is generally depressed during winter months. Our second and third quarters are the most active as the summer is the traditional home buying season, and while commercial transaction closings are skewed to the end of the year, individually large commercial transactions can occur any time of year. On average, refinance title premium rates are 60% of the premium rates for a similarly priced sale transaction.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparisons of our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 with the corresponding periods in the prior year are set forth below. Factors contributing to fluctuations in the results of operations are presented in the order of their monetary significance, and we have quantified, when necessary, significant changes. Segment results are included in the discussions and, when relevant, are discussed separately.

Our statements on home sales and loan activity are based on published U.S. industry data from sources including Fannie Mae, the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA), the National Association of Realtors® (NAR) and the U.S. Census Bureau as of June 30, 2022. We also use information from our direct operations.

Operating environment. Existing home sales in June 2022, on a seasonally-adjusted basis, declined for the fifth straight month, decreasing 5% and 14% compared to May 2022 and a year ago, respectively. According to NAR, the decline in existing homes sales was primarily due to the continued fall in housing affordability resulting from the sharp increase in mortgage rates and home prices, negatively affecting potential home buyers. The median home price in June 2022 was 13% higher compared a year ago, which marked the 124th consecutive month of year-over-year median home price increases. With regard to new residential construction, U.S. housing starts in June 2022 were 2% and 6% lower compared to May 2022 and June 2021, while newly issued building permits in June 2022 were 1% higher than a year ago, but 1% lower compared to May 2022.

20

According to Fannie Mae and MBA (averaged), total single family mortgage originations during the second quarter 2022 decreased 37% to approximately $687 billion compared to the second quarter 2021, primarily driven by the expected decline in refinancing originations resulting from higher interest rates due to elevated inflation rates and related federal monetary actions. The lower refinancing originations were partially offset by 3% higher purchase originations during the second quarter 2022 compared to the prior year quarter. As of June 2022, the average 30-year fixed interest rate is expected to average 4.9% for 2022, which is 180 basis points higher than the 3.1% average interest rate observed during 2021. With the continuing interest rate and housing affordability concerns, third quarter 2022 total originations are expected to be 45% lower than last year's third quarter. On a seasonally-adjusted basis, third quarter 2022 existing home sales are expected to be 13% lower, while new home sales are anticipated to be flat compared to the third quarter 2021.

Title revenues. Direct title revenue information is presented below:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022	2021	Change	% Change		2022	2021	Change	% Change
	($ in millions)					($ in millions)
Non-commercial
Domestic	234.4	245.7	(11.3)	(5)	%	454.8	459.9	(5.1)	(1)	%
International	41.2	45.9	(4.7)	(10)	%	72.6	74.6	(2.0)	(3)	%
	275.6	291.6	(16.0)	(5)	%	527.4	534.5	(7.1)	(1)	%
Commercial:
Domestic	67.1	53.8	13.3	25	%	123.5	84.8	38.7	46	%
International	8.4	8.1	0.3	4	%	18.1	13.7	4.4	32	%
	75.5	61.9	13.6	22	%	141.6	98.5	43.1	44	%
Total direct title revenues	351.1	353.5	(2.4)	(1)	%	669.0	633.0	36.0	6	%

Non-commercial revenues decreased in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, compared to the same periods in 2021, primarily due to lower purchase and refinancing transactions influenced by the rising mortgage interest rates and home prices. Compared to the same periods in 2021, combined purchase and refinancing orders closed declined 30% and 28% in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, while average residential fee per file increased 35% to $2,900 and 36% to $2,800 in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, primarily due to the higher mix of purchase transactions and higher average home prices.

Commercial revenues in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, improved compared to the same periods in 2021, primarily due to growth in commercial transaction size and volume. Domestic commercial orders closed improved 4% and 15% in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, while average domestic commercial fee per file increased 17% to $13,100 and 27% to $12,900 in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021.

Total international revenues in the second quarter 2022 decreased by $4.4 million, or 8%, compared to the second quarter 2021 primarily as a result of lower transaction volume in our Canadian operations, while total international revenues improved by $2.4 million, or 3%, during the first six months of 2022 compared the same period last year, primarily due to higher transaction volume in our Canadian operations. Additionally, the weaker foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar during the second quarter and first six months of 2022, compared to the same periods in 2021, negatively affected our total international revenues.

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Orders information for the three and six months ended June 30 is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022	2021	Change	% Change		2022	2021	Change	% Change
Opened Orders:
Commercial	5,530	5,605	(75)	(1)	%	11,572	9,174	2,398	26	%
Purchase	72,084	76,632	(4,548)	(6)	%	140,582	147,421	(6,839)	(5)	%
Refinance	24,953	59,710	(34,757)	(58)	%	65,527	141,460	(75,933)	(54)	%
Other	1,079	1,682	(603)	(36)	%	2,721	3,492	(771)	(22)	%
Total	103,646	143,629	(39,983)	(28)	%	220,402	301,547	(81,145)	(27)	%
Closed Orders:
Commercial	5,132	4,957	175	4	%	9,563	8,334	1,229	15	%
Purchase	55,354	58,710	(3,356)	(6)	%	102,680	104,193	(1,513)	(1)	%
Refinance	22,677	52,628	(29,951)	(57)	%	57,164	118,294	(61,130)	(52)	%
Other	1,719	1,178	541	46	%	3,359	2,353	1,006	43	%
Total	84,882	117,473	(32,591)	(28)	%	172,766	233,174	(60,408)	(26)	%

Gross revenues from independent agency operations in the second quarter and first six months of 2022 increased $19.6 million, or 5%, and $77.8 million, or 11%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021, primarily influenced by increased market activity. Agency revenues, net of retention, improved $1.8 million, or 3%, and $12.7 million, or 10%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021, generally in line with increased gross agency revenues. Refer further to the "Retention by agencies" discussion under Expenses below.

Real estate solutions and other revenues. Real estate solutions and other revenues are comprised of revenues generated by our real estate solutions operations and a real estate brokerage company (which was acquired in late 2021 and subsequently sold during the second quarter 2022). These revenues increased by $30.0 million, or 52%, and $97.3 million, or 85%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021, primarily due to additional revenues from our real estate solutions operations which were driven by recent acquisitions of credit and real estate information services companies.

Investment income. Investment income increased by $1.6 million, or 31%, and $1.3 million, or 14%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021, primarily due to increased dividend income from investments in 2022.

Net realized and unrealized gains. Refer to Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Expenses. An analysis of expenses is shown below:

	Three Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		Change*	% Chg		2022		2021		Change*	% Chg
	($ in millions)							($ in millions)
Amounts retained by agencies	339.8		322.0		17.8	6	%	671.0		606.0		65.1	11	%
As a % of agency revenues	82.9	%	82.5	%				82.4	%	82.3	%
Employee costs	210.2		188.5		21.8	12	%	415.2		357.9		57.4	16	%
As a % of operating revenues	24.8	%	23.5	%				24.5	%	24.1	%
Other operating expenses	162.0		137.8		24.2	18	%	351.8		263.3		88.5	34	%
As a % of operating revenues	19.1	%	17.2	%				20.8	%	17.7	%
Title losses and related claims	26.4		33.6		(7.2)	(21	%)	55.6		62.3		(6.7)	(11	%)
As a % of title revenues	3.5	%	4.5	%				3.8	%	4.6	%

*Amounts change may not foot due to rounding.

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Retention by agencies. Amounts retained by title agencies are based on agreements between agencies and our title underwriters. Amounts retained by independent agencies, as a percentage of revenues generated by them, averaged 82.9% and 82.4% in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, compared to 82.5% and 82.3% in the same periods in 2021, primarily due to increased revenues generated by our agents from higher retention states. The average retention percentage may vary from period to period due to the geographical mix of agency operations, the volume of title revenues and, in some states, laws or regulations. Due to the variety of such laws or regulations, as well as competitive factors, the average retention rate can differ significantly from state to state. In addition, a high proportion of our independent agencies are in states with retention rates greater than 80%. We continue to focus on increasing profit margins in every state, increasing premium revenue in states where remittance rates are above 20%, and maintaining the quality of our agency network, which we believe to be the industry’s best, in order to mitigate claims risk and drive consistent future performance. While market share is important in our agency operations channel, it is not as important as margins, risk mitigation and profitability.

Employee costs. Consolidated employee costs increased $21.8 million, or 12%, and $57.4 million, or 16%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021, primarily due to higher salaries and employee benefits resulting from increased average employee counts of 17% and 20%, respectively, which were influenced by acquisitions. Employee costs, as a percentage of total operating revenues, were 24.8% and 24.5% in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, compared to 23.5% and 24.1% in the same periods in 2021.

During the second quarter and first six months of 2022, employee costs in the title segment increased $15.6 million, or 9%, and $41.1 million, or 12%, respectively, while employee costs in the real estate solutions segment increased $5.2 million, or 69%, and $11.7 million, or 81%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021, primarily due to recent acquisitions in the title and real estate solutions segments. During the second quarter and first six months of 2022, average employee counts in the title segment increased 12% and 15%, respectively, while average employee counts in the real estate solutions segment increased 66% and 70%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021. Employee costs in the corporate and other segment in the second quarter and first six months of 2022 increased $0.9 million, or 32%, and $4.5 million, or 74%, respectively, due to the recently-sold real estate brokerage company.

As of June 30, 2022, we had approximately 7,300 employees, compared to approximately 6,400 employees as of June 30, 2021.

Other operating expenses. Other operating expenses include costs that are fixed in nature, costs that follow, to varying degrees, changes in transaction volumes and revenues (variable costs) and costs that fluctuate independently of revenues (independent costs). Costs that are fixed in nature include attorney and professional fees, third-party outsourcing provider fees, equipment rental, insurance, rent and other occupancy expenses, repairs and maintenance, technology costs, telecommunications and title plant expenses. Variable costs include appraiser and service expenses related to real estate solutions operations, outside search and valuation fees, attorney fee splits, bad debt expenses, copy supplies, delivery fees, postage, premium taxes and title plant maintenance expenses. Independent costs include general supplies, litigation defense, business promotion and marketing and travel.

Consolidated other operating expenses in the second quarter and first six months of 2022 increased $24.2 million, or 18%, and $88.5 million, or 34%, compared to the same periods in 2021, primarily due to higher service expenses tied to increased revenues from real estate solutions operations, higher technology, marketing and travel costs, and increased rent and other occupancy expenses resulting from acquisitions. Total variable costs increased $11.3 million, or 13%, and $60.5 million, or 37%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, mainly due to higher services expenses from our real estate solutions operations. Total costs that are fixed in nature increased $8.8 million, or 22%, and $20.4 million, or 26%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, primarily due to higher technology costs, rent and occupancy expenses, and insurance costs. Independent costs increased $4.1 million, or 38%, and $7.6 million, or 37%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, primarily due to higher marketing and travel costs due to increased activity following the pandemic period.

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As a percentage of total operating revenues, consolidated other operating expenses in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, increased to 19.1% and 20.8%, respectively, compared to 17.2% and 17.7% in the same periods in 2021, primarily due to the increased size of our real estate solutions operations which typically have higher other operating expenses.

Title losses. Provisions for title losses, as a percentage of title operating revenues, were 3.5% and 3.8% for the second quarter and first six months of 2022, compared to 4.5% and 4.6% for the second quarter and first six months of 2021. Title loss expense in the second quarter and first six months of 2022 was $26.4 million and $55.6 million, respectively, compared to $33.6 million and $62.3 million, respectively, in the same periods in 2021, primarily due to favorable claims experience, partially offset by higher title revenues during 2022. The title loss ratio in any given quarter can be significantly influenced by changes in new large claims incurred, escrow losses and adjustments to reserves for existing large claims.

The composition of title policy loss expense is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022	2021	Change	% Chg		2022	2021	Change	% Chg
	($ in millions)					($ in millions)
Provisions – known claims:
Current year	3.7	4.3	(0.6)	(14)	%	8.4	6.5	1.9	29	%
Prior policy years	16.7	14.4	2.3	16	%	31.6	27.7	3.9	14	%
	20.4	18.7	1.7	9	%	40.0	34.2	5.8	17	%
Provisions – IBNR
Current year	23.2	28.5	(5.3)	(19)	%	47.3	54.6	(7.3)	(13)	%
Prior policy years	(0.5)	0.8	(1.3)	(163)	%	(0.1)	1.2	(1.3)	(108)	%
	22.7	29.3	(6.6)	(23)	%	47.2	55.8	(8.6)	(15)	%
Transferred from IBNR to known claims	(16.7)	(14.4)	(2.3)	16	%	(31.6)	(27.7)	(3.9)	14	%
Total provisions	26.4	33.6	(7.2)	(21)	%	55.6	62.3	(6.7)	(11)	%

Provisions for known claims arise primarily from prior policy years as claims are not typically reported until several years after policies are issued. Provisions - Incurred But Not Reported (IBNR) are estimates of claims expected to be incurred over the next 20 years; therefore, it is not unusual or unexpected to experience changes to those estimated provisions in both current and prior policy years as additional loss experience on policy years is obtained. This loss experience may result in changes to our estimate of total ultimate losses expected (i.e., the IBNR policy loss reserve). Current year provisions - IBNR are recorded on policies issued in the current year as a percentage of premiums earned (provisioning rate). As claims become known, provisions are reclassified from IBNR to known claims. Adjustments relating to large losses (those individually in excess of $1.0 million) may impact provisions either for known claims or for IBNR.

Current year IBNR provisions in the second quarter and first six months of 2022 decreased $5.3 million, or 19%, and $7.3 million, or 13%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021, due to lower provisioning rates resulting from favorable claims experience. As a percentage of title operating revenues, provisions - IBNR for the current policy year were 3.0% and 3.2% in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, compared to 3.8% and 4.0% in the second quarter and first six months of 2021, respectively. Cash claim payments in the second quarter 2022 decreased $1.1 million, or 6%, compared to the second quarter 2021, primarily due to lower payments on non-large claims, while cash claim payments in the first six months of 2022 increased $2.6 million, or 7%, compared to the same period in 2021, as a result of increased large claim payments, partially offset by lower payments on non-large claims. We continue to manage and resolve large claims prudently and in keeping with our commitments to our policyholders.

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In addition to title policy claims, we incur losses in our direct operations from escrow, closing and disbursement functions. These escrow losses typically relate to errors or other miscalculations of amounts to be paid at closing, including timing or amount of a mortgage payoff, payment of property or other taxes and payment of homeowners’ association fees. Escrow losses also arise in cases of fraud, and in those cases, the title insurer incurs the loss under its obligation to ensure that an unencumbered title is conveyed. Escrow losses are recognized as expenses when discovered or when contingencies associated with them (such as litigation) are resolved and are typically paid less than 12 months after the loss is recognized.

Total title policy loss reserve balances are as follows:

	June 30, 2022	December 31, 2021
	($ in millions)
Known claims	77.3	75.9
IBNR	485.4	473.7
Total estimated title losses	562.7	549.6

The actual timing of estimated title loss payments may vary since claims, by their nature, are complex and paid over long periods of time. Based on historical payment patterns, the outstanding loss reserves are substantially paid out within seven years. As a result, the estimate of the ultimate amount to be paid on any claim may be modified over that time period. Due to the inherent uncertainty in predicting future title policy losses, significant judgment is required by both our management and our third party actuaries in estimating reserves. As a consequence, our ultimate liability may be materially greater or less than current reserves and/or our third party actuary’s calculated estimates.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $7.5 million, or 110%, and $14.8 million, or 112%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021, primarily due to recent acquisitions, which generated higher purchased intangible asset amortization expenses of $6.5 million and $12.6 million, respectively, and higher depreciation expense resulting from increased capital expenditures.

Income taxes. Our effective tax rates, based on income before taxes and after deducting income attributable to noncontrolling interests, were 24.4% and 23.9% in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, compared to 24.4% and 24.2% in the corresponding periods in 2021.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our liquidity and capital resources reflect our ability to generate cash flow to meet our obligations to stockholders, customers (payments to satisfy claims on title policies), vendors, employees, lenders and others. As of June 30, 2022, our total cash and investments, including amounts reserved pursuant to statutory requirements aggregated $1.1 billion. Of our total cash and investments at June 30, 2022, $709.6 million ($429.9 million, net of statutory reserves) was held in the United States and the rest internationally (principally in Canada).

As a holding company, the parent company is funded principally by cash from its subsidiaries' earnings in the form of dividends, operating and other administrative expense reimbursements and pursuant to intercompany tax sharing agreements. Cash held at the parent company and its unregulated subsidiaries (which totaled $53.9 million at June 30, 2022) is available for funding the parent company's operating expenses, interest payments on debt and dividend payments to common stockholders. The parent company also receives distributions from Stewart Title Guaranty Company (Guaranty), its regulated title insurance underwriter, to meet cash requirements for acquisitions and other strategic investments.

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A substantial majority of our consolidated cash and investments as of June 30, 2022 was held by Guaranty and its subsidiaries. The use and investment of these funds, dividends to the parent company, and cash transfers between Guaranty and its subsidiaries and the parent company are subject to certain legal and regulatory restrictions. In general, Guaranty uses its cash and investments in excess of its legally-mandated statutory premium reserve (established in accordance with requirements under Texas law) to fund its insurance operations, including claims payments. Guaranty may also, subject to certain limitations, provide funds to its subsidiaries (whose operations consist principally of field title offices and real estate solutions operations) for their operating and debt service needs.

We maintain investments in accordance with certain statutory requirements for the funding of statutory premium reserves. Statutory reserve funds are required to be fully funded and invested in high-quality securities and short-term investments. Statutory reserve funds are not available for current claim payments, which must be funded from current operating cash flow. Included in investments in debt and equity securities are statutory reserve funds of approximately $538.1 million and $523.5 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. In addition, included within cash and cash equivalents are statutory reserve funds of approximately $14.9 million and $41.4 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, our known claims reserve totaled $77.3 million and our estimate of claims that may be reported in the future, under generally accepted accounting principles, totaled $485.4 million. In addition to this, we had cash and investments (excluding equity method investments) of $402.3 million, which are available for underwriter operations, including claims payments, and acquisitions.

The ability of Guaranty to pay dividends to its parent is governed by Texas insurance law. The Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) must be notified of any dividend declared, and any dividend in excess of the greater of the statutory net operating income or 20% of surplus (approximately $210.1 million as of December 31, 2021) would be, by regulation, considered extraordinary and subject to pre-approval by the TDI. Also, the Texas Insurance Commissioner may raise an objection to a planned distribution during the notification period. Guaranty’s actual ability or intent to pay dividends to its parent may be constrained by business and regulatory considerations, such as the impact of dividends on surplus and liquidity, which could affect its ratings and competitive position, the amount of insurance it can write and its ability to pay future dividends. Guaranty paid no dividends to its parent during the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $100.0 million paid during the same period in 2021.

As the parent company conducts no operations apart from its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the discussion below focuses on consolidated cash flows.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022	2021
	($ in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities	118.2	150.5
Net cash used by investing activities	(111.1)	(173.7)
Net cash used by financing activities	(84.3)	(9.1)

Operating activities. Our principal sources of cash from operations are premiums on title policies and revenue from title service-related transactions, real estate solutions and other operations. Our independent agencies remit cash to us net of their contractual retention. Our principal cash expenditures for operations are employee costs, operating costs and title claims payments.

Net cash provided by operations in the first six months of 2022 decreased $32.3 million compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to lower net income and higher payments of previously-outstanding operating liabilities in 2022. Although our business is labor intensive, we are focused on a cost-effective, scalable business model which includes utilization of technology, centralized back and middle office functions and business process outsourcing. We are continuing our emphasis on cost management, especially in light of the current economic environment due to rising mortgage interest and inflation rates, specifically focusing on lowering unit costs of production and improving operating margins in our direct title and real estate solutions operations. Our plans to improve margins include additional automation of manual processes, and further consolidation of our various systems and production operations. We continue to invest in the technology necessary to accomplish these goals.

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Investing activities. Net cash used by investing activities is primarily driven by proceeds from matured and sold investments, purchases of investments, capital expenditures and acquisition of businesses. During the first six months of 2022, total proceeds from securities investments sold and matured were $52.3 million, compared to $65.8 million during the first six months of 2021. Cash used for purchases of securities investments was $117.9 million during the first six months of 2022 compared to $89.2 million during the same period in 2021.

We used $23.3 million of net cash for two acquisitions in the title segment during the first six months of 2022, compared to net cash used of $131.9 million for several acquisitions in the title and real estate solutions segments and $16.1 million for acquiring an equity method investment in a title company during the same period in 2021. We used $26.2 million and $16.4 million of cash for purchases of property and equipment during the first six months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. We maintain investment in capital expenditures at a level that enables us to implement technologies for increasing our operational and back-office efficiencies and to pursue growth in key markets.

Financing activities and capital resources. Total debt and stockholders’ equity were $444.9 million and $1.36 billion, respectively, as of June 30, 2022. During the first six months of 2022 and 2021, payments on notes payable of $42.9 million and $157.2 million, respectively, and notes payable additions of $5.7 million and $156.8 million, respectively, were related to short-term loan agreements in connection with our Section 1031 tax-deferred property exchange (Section 1031) business.

At June 30, 2022, our line of credit facility was fully available, while our debt-to-equity and debt-to-capitalization ratios, excluding our Section 1031 notes, were approximately 33% and 25%, respectively. During the first six months of 2022, we paid total dividends of $20.3 million ($0.75 per common share), compared to the total dividends paid in the same period in 2021 of $17.7 million ($0.66 per common share).

***********

We believe we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources to meet the cash needs of our ongoing operations, including in the current economic and real estate environment created by the increasing mortgage interest and inflation rates. However, we may determine that additional debt or equity funding is warranted to provide liquidity for achievement of strategic goals or acquisitions or for unforeseen circumstances. Other than scheduled maturities of debt, operating lease payments and anticipated claims payments, we have no material contractual commitments. We expect that cash flows from operations and cash available from our underwriters, subject to regulatory restrictions, will be sufficient to fund our operations, including claims payments. However, to the extent that these funds are not sufficient, we may be required to borrow funds on terms less favorable than we currently have or seek funding from the equity market, which may not be successful or may be on terms that are dilutive to existing stockholders.

Contingent liabilities and commitments. See discussion of contingent liabilities and commitments in Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other comprehensive loss. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities investments and changes in foreign currency exchange rates are reported net of deferred taxes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity, until they are realized. During the first six months of 2022, net unrealized investment losses of $32.9 million, net of taxes, which increased our other comprehensive loss, were primarily related to net decreases in the fair values of our corporate and foreign bond securities investments, primarily driven by the effect of higher interest rates and credit spreads. During the first six months of 2021, net unrealized investment losses of $8.7 million, net of taxes, which increased our other comprehensive loss, were primarily related to a net decrease in the fair values of our overall bond securities investment portfolio mainly driven by the effect of rising interest rates.

Changes in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily related to our Canadian and United Kingdom operations, increased our other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, by $7.6 million in the first six months of 2022; while they decreased our other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, by $3.2 million in the same period in 2021.

27

Off-balance sheet arrangements. We do not have any material source of liquidity or financing that involves off-balance sheet arrangements, other than our contractual obligations under operating leases. We also routinely hold funds in segregated escrow accounts pending the closing of real estate transactions and have qualified intermediaries in tax-deferred property exchanges for customers pursuant to Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company holds the proceeds from these transactions until a qualifying exchange can occur. In accordance with industry practice, these segregated accounts are not included on the balance sheet. See Note 15 in our 2021 Form 10-K.

Forward-looking statements. Certain statements in this report are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements relate to future, not past, events and often address our expected future business and financial performance. These statements often contain words such as “may,” "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "believe," "seek," "will," "foresee" or other similar words. Forward-looking statements by their nature are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to be materially different than those expressed in the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, among other things, the volatility of economic conditions; adverse changes in the level of real estate activity; changes in mortgage interest rates, existing and new home sales, and availability of mortgage financing; our ability to respond to and implement technology changes, including the completion of the implementation of our enterprise systems; the impact of unanticipated title losses or the need to strengthen our policy loss reserves; any effect of title losses on our cash flows and financial condition; the ability to attract and retain highly productive sales associates; the impact of vetting our agency operations for quality and profitability; independent agency remittance rates; changes to the participants in the secondary mortgage market and the rate of refinancing that affects the demand for title insurance products; regulatory non-compliance, fraud or defalcations by our title insurance agencies or employees; our ability to timely and cost-effectively respond to significant industry changes and introduce new products and services; the outcome of pending litigation; the impact of changes in governmental and insurance regulations, including any future reductions in the pricing of title insurance products and services; our dependence on our operating subsidiaries as a source of cash flow; our ability to access the equity and debt financing markets when and if needed; our ability to grow our international operations; seasonality and weather; and our ability to respond to the actions of our competitors. These risks and uncertainties, as well as others, are discussed in more detail in our documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including in Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in our 2021 Form 10-K, and as maybe further updated and supplemented from time to time in our future Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed subsequently. All forward-looking statements included in this report are expressly qualified in their entirety by such cautionary statements. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update, amend or clarify any forward-looking statements contained in this report to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date hereof, except as may be required by applicable law.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes during the quarter ended June 30, 2022 in our investment strategies, types of financial instruments held or the risks associated with such instruments that would materially alter the market risk disclosures made in our 2021 Form 10-K.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures. They evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of June 30, 2022, and have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures are adequate and effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2022, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See discussion of legal proceedings in Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Report, which is incorporated by reference into this Part II, Item 1, as well as Item 3. Legal Proceedings, in our 2021 Form 10-K.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our 2021 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to our risk factors since our 2021 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no repurchases of our Common Stock during the six months ended June 30, 2022, except for repurchases of approximately 37,300 shares (aggregate purchase price of approximately $2.6 million) related to the statutory income tax withholding on the vesting of restricted unit grants to executives and senior management employees.

Item 5. Other Information

Book value per share. Our book value per share was $49.82 and $47.67 as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, our book value per share was based on approximately $1.35 billion of stockholders’ equity attributable to Stewart and 27,038,282 shares of Common Stock outstanding. As of December 31, 2021, our book value per share was based on approximately $1.28 billion of stockholders’ equity attributable to Stewart and 26,893,430 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

30

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit
3.1	—	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, dated April 28, 2016 (incorporated by reference in this report from Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 29, 2016)
3.2	—	Third Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant, as of April 27, 2016 (incorporated by reference in this report from Exhibit 3.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 28, 2016)
31.1*	—	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*	—	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*	—	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*	—	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*	—	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*	—	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*	—	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*	—	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*	—	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*	—	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*	—	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith

† Management contract or compensatory plan

31

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

August 9, 2022

Date

	Stewart Information Services Corporation
	Registrant
By:	/s/ David C. Hisey
	David C. Hisey, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer

32

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Frederick H. Eppinger, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Stewart Information Services Corporation (registrant);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:  

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: August 9, 2022

/s/ Frederick H. Eppinger
Name:	Frederick H. Eppinger
Title:	Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, David C. Hisey, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Stewart Information Services Corporation (registrant);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: August 9, 2022

/s/ David C. Hisey
Name:	David C. Hisey
Title:	Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Stewart Information Services Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Frederick H. Eppinger, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: August 9, 2022

/s/ Frederick H. Eppinger
Name:	Frederick H. Eppinger
Title:	Chief Executive Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Stewart Information Services Corporation and will be retained by Stewart Information Services Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Stewart Information Services Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, David C. Hisey, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: August 9, 2022

/s/ David C. Hisey
Name:	David C. Hisey
Title:	Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Stewart Information Services Corporation and will be retained by Stewart Information Services Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Cover Page - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Aug. 02, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-02658
Entity Registrant Name	STEWART INFORMATION SERVICES CORP
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	74-1677330
Entity Address, Address Line One	1360 Post Oak Blvd.,
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 100
Entity Address, City or Town	Houston,
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	77056
City Area Code	713
Local Phone Number	625-8100
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $1 par value per share
Trading Symbol	STC
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		27,108,912
Entity Central Index Key	0000094344
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Revenues
Operating revenues	$ 849,239	$ 802,025	$ 1,694,447	$ 1,483,392
Investment income	6,739	5,130	10,361	9,074
Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains	(11,905)	11,654	(7,820)	14,929
Revenues	844,073	818,809	1,696,988	1,507,395
Expenses
Amounts retained by agencies	339,847	322,020	671,039	605,955
Employee costs	210,246	188,467	415,228	357,864
Other operating expenses	162,008	137,796	351,756	263,279
Title losses and related claims	26,398	33,569	55,619	62,342
Depreciation and amortization	14,288	6,819	28,037	13,249
Interest	4,507	682	8,918	1,248
Total expenses	757,294	689,353	1,530,597	1,303,937
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interests	86,779	129,456	166,391	203,458
Income tax expense	(19,894)	(30,616)	(37,594)	(47,496)
Net income	66,885	98,840	128,797	155,962
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	5,225	4,021	9,240	6,907
Net income attributable to Stewart	61,660	94,819	119,557	149,055
Net income attributable to Stewart
Net income	66,885	98,840	128,797	155,962
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(8,181)	1,379	(7,561)	3,246
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(12,694)	1,009	(32,592)	(8,147)
Reclassification adjustments for realized gains and losses on investments	(117)	(418)	(302)	(563)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(20,992)	1,970	(40,455)	(5,464)
Comprehensive income	45,893	100,810	88,342	150,498
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	5,225	4,021	9,240	6,907
Comprehensive income attributable to Stewart	$ 40,668	$ 96,789	$ 79,102	$ 143,591
Basic average shares outstanding (in shares)	27,018	26,798	26,989	26,767
Basic earnings per share attributable to Stewart (in usd per share)	$ 2.28	$ 3.54	$ 4.43	$ 5.57
Diluted average shares outstanding (in shares)	27,293	27,123	27,377	27,038
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Stewart (in usd per share)	$ 2.26	$ 3.50	$ 4.37	$ 5.51
Direct operations
Revenues
Operating revenues	$ 351,122	$ 353,502	$ 668,956	$ 633,007
Agency operations
Revenues
Operating revenues	409,931	390,330	814,076	736,261
Real estate solutions and other
Revenues
Operating revenues	$ 88,186	$ 58,193	$ 211,415	$ 114,124

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 405,310	$ 485,919
Short-term investments	17,282	17,650
Investments, at fair value:
Debt securities	593,583	589,772
Equity securities	93,672	89,442
Investments, fair value	687,255	679,214
Receivables:
Premiums from agencies	50,565	45,428
Trade and other	70,572	75,079
Income taxes	4,338	5,420
Notes	4,633	1,124
Allowance for uncollectible amounts	(7,028)	(7,711)
Total receivables	123,080	119,340
Property and equipment:
Land	2,545	2,545
Buildings	18,692	19,303
Furniture and equipment	208,350	216,261
Accumulated depreciation	(156,087)	(165,653)
Total property and equipment, at cost	73,500	72,456
Operating lease assets	137,275	134,578
Title plants, at cost	73,503	76,859
Investments on equity method basis	4,650	4,754
Goodwill	964,212	924,837
Intangible assets, net of amortization	187,494	229,804
Deferred tax assets	3,766	3,846
Other assets	78,015	64,105
Total assets	2,755,342	2,813,362
Liabilities
Notes payable	444,908	483,491
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	200,294	287,326
Operating lease liabilities	150,472	149,417
Estimated title losses	562,681	549,614
Deferred tax liabilities	37,166	48,779
Total liabilities	1,395,521	1,518,627
Contingent liabilities and commitments
Stockholders’ equity
Common Stock ($1 par value) and additional paid-in capital	316,224	309,622
Retained earnings	1,073,788	974,800
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(16,478)	(8,917)
Net unrealized (losses) gains on debt securities investments	(23,724)	9,170
Treasury stock – 352,161 common shares, at cost	(2,666)	(2,666)
Stockholders’ equity attributable to Stewart	1,347,144	1,282,009
Noncontrolling interests	12,677	12,726
Total stockholders’ equity (27,038,282 and 26,893,430 shares outstanding)	1,359,821	1,294,735
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 2,755,342	$ 2,813,362

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Amortized cost	$ 623,614	$ 578,165
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 1	$ 1
Treasury stock, common shares (in shares)	352,161	352,161
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	27,038,282	26,893,430

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Reconciliation of net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Net income	$ 128,797	$ 155,962
Add (deduct):
Depreciation and amortization	28,037	13,249
Adjustments for bad debt provisions	(157)	846
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains)	7,820	(14,929)
Amortization of net premium on debt securities investments	1,382	1,904
Payments for title losses less than provisions	16,902	26,222
Adjustments for insurance recoveries of title losses	220	0
Decrease (increase) in receivables – net	2,907	(22,366)
Increase in other assets – net	(6,720)	(3,327)
Decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities – net	(68,475)	(15,390)
Change in net deferred income taxes	515	4,122
Net income from equity method investments	(1,860)	(3,412)
Dividends received from equity method investments	2,150	1,739
Stock-based compensation expense	6,440	5,879
Other – net	229	(47)
Cash provided by operating activities	118,187	150,452
Investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of investments in securities	28,769	14,744
Proceeds from matured investments in debt securities	23,521	51,034
Purchases of investments in securities	(117,913)	(89,198)
Net (purchases) sales of short-term investments	(189)	2,747
Purchases of property and equipment, and real estate	(26,226)	(16,430)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment and other assets	1,033	10,583
Cash paid for acquisition of businesses	(23,310)	(131,906)
Cash paid for acquisition of equity method investment	(69)	(16,080)
Other – net	3,242	855
Cash used by investing activities	(111,142)	(173,651)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from notes payable	5,721	181,755
Payments on notes payable	(44,553)	(157,662)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(9,483)	(7,253)
Repurchases of Common Stock	(2,551)	(2,002)
Proceeds from stock option and employee stock purchase plan exercises	2,713	181
Cash dividends paid	(20,258)	(17,688)
Payment of contingent consideration related to acquisitions	(15,997)	(75)
Purchase of remaining interest in consolidated subsidiaries	0	(5,616)
Other - net	94	(777)
Cash used by financing activities	(84,314)	(9,137)
Effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates	(3,340)	195
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(80,609)	(32,141)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	485,919	432,683
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 405,310	$ 400,542

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional paid-in capital	Retained earnings	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	Treasury stock	Noncontrolling interests
Balances at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 1,012,406	$ 27,080	$ 274,857	$ 688,819	$ 17,022	$ (2,666)	$ 7,294
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income attributable to Stewart	149,055			149,055
Dividends on common stock	(18,040)			(18,040)
Stock-based compensation	5,879	131	5,748
Stock repurchases	(2,002)	(39)	(1,963)
Stock option and employee stock purchase plan exercises	181	5	176
Purchase of remaining interest in consolidated subsidiary	(5,616)		(4,744)				(872)
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	(8,147)				(8,147)
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	(563)				(563)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	3,246				3,246
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	6,907						6,907
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(7,253)						(7,253)
Balances at end of period at Jun. 30, 2021	1,136,073	27,177	274,074	819,834	11,558	(2,666)	6,096
Balances at beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2021	1,047,898	27,158	273,820	733,973	9,588	(2,666)	6,025
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income attributable to Stewart	94,819			94,819
Dividends on common stock	(8,958)			(8,958)
Stock-based compensation	2,705	18	2,687
Stock repurchases	(67)	(2)	(65)
Stock option exercises	120	3	117
Purchase of remaining interest in consolidated subsidiary	(3,046)		(2,485)				(561)
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	1,009				1,009
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	(418)				(418)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	1,379				1,379
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	4,021						4,021
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(3,409)						(3,409)
Net effect of other changes in ownership	20						20
Balances at end of period at Jun. 30, 2021	1,136,073	27,177	274,074	819,834	11,558	(2,666)	6,096
Balances at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2021	1,294,735	27,246	282,376	974,800	253	(2,666)	12,726
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income attributable to Stewart	119,557			119,557
Dividends on common stock	(20,569)			(20,569)
Stock-based compensation	6,440	126	6,314
Stock repurchases	(2,551)	(37)	(2,514)
Stock option and employee stock purchase plan exercises	2,713	55	2,658
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	(32,592)				(32,592)
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	(302)				(302)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	(7,561)				(7,561)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	9,240						9,240
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(9,483)						(9,483)
Net effect of other changes in ownership	194						194
Balances at end of period at Jun. 30, 2022	1,359,821	27,390	288,834	1,073,788	(40,202)	(2,666)	12,677
Balances at beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2022	1,324,788	27,367	284,524	1,022,456	(19,210)	(2,666)	12,317
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income attributable to Stewart	61,660			61,660
Dividends on common stock	(10,328)			(10,328)
Stock-based compensation	4,201	18	4,183
Stock repurchases	(89)	(1)	(88)
Stock option and employee stock purchase plan exercises	221	6	215
Purchase of remaining interest in consolidated subsidiary	0
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	(12,694)				(12,694)
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes	(117)				(117)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	(8,181)				(8,181)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	5,225						5,225
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(4,915)						(4,915)
Net effect of other changes in ownership	50						50
Balances at end of period at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 1,359,821	$ 27,390	$ 288,834	$ 1,073,788	$ (40,202)	$ (2,666)	$ 12,677

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividends on common stock per share (in usd per share)	$ 0.38	$ 0.33	$ 0.75	$ 0.66

XML

Interim financial statements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Interim financial statements

Interim financial statements. The financial information contained in this report for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and as of June 30, 2022, is unaudited. This report should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2022 (2021 Form 10-K).

A. Management’s responsibility. The accompanying interim financial statements were prepared by management, who is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the United States (U.S.) generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), including management’s best judgments and estimates. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of this information for all interim periods, consisting only of normal recurring accruals, have been made. The Company’s results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year and actual results could differ.

B. Consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements include all subsidiaries in which the Company owns more than 50% voting rights in electing directors. All significant intercompany amounts and transactions have been eliminated and provisions have been made for noncontrolling interests. Unconsolidated investees, in which the Company typically owns from 20% to 50% of the voting stock, are accounted for using the equity method.

C. Restrictions on cash and investments. The Company maintains investments in accordance with certain statutory requirements for the funding of statutory premium reserves. Statutory reserve funds are required to be fully funded and invested in high-quality securities and short-term investments. Statutory reserve funds are not available for current claim payments, which must be funded from current operating cash flow. Included in investments in debt and equity securities are statutory reserve funds of approximately $538.1 million and $523.5 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. In addition, included within cash and cash equivalents are statutory reserve funds of approximately $14.9 million and $41.4 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Although these cash statutory reserve funds are not restricted or segregated in depository accounts, they are required to be held pursuant to state statutes. If the Company fails to maintain minimum investments or cash and cash equivalents sufficient to meet statutory requirements, the Company may be subject to fines or other penalties, including potential revocation of its business license. These funds are not available for any other purpose. In the event that insurance regulators adjust the determination of the statutory premium reserves of the Company’s title insurers, these restricted funds as well as statutory surplus would correspondingly increase or decrease.

XML

Revenues

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenues

Revenues. The Company's operating revenues, summarized by type, are as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Title insurance premiums:
Direct	231,721	243,638	437,283	438,631
Agency	409,931	390,330	814,076	736,261
Escrow fees	61,497	63,534	117,289	120,183
Real estate solutions and abstract fees	104,213	80,712	213,015	149,332
Other revenues	41,877	23,811	112,784	38,985
	849,239	802,025	1,694,447	1,483,392

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Investments in debt and equity securities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments in debt and equity securities

Investments in debt and equity securities. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the net unrealized investment gains relating to investments in equity securities held were $14.5 million and $21.1 million, respectively (refer to Note 5).

The amortized costs and fair values of investments in debt securities are as follows:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Amortized costs	Fair values	Amortized costs	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	32,555	32,525	34,739	36,323
Corporate	268,626	255,437	249,757	258,102
Foreign	311,894	295,134	287,240	288,883
U.S. Treasury Bonds	10,539	10,487	6,429	6,464
	623,614	593,583	578,165	589,772

Foreign debt securities consist of Canadian government, provincial and corporate bonds, United Kingdom treasury and corporate bonds, and Mexican government bonds.

Gross unrealized gains and losses on investments in debt securities are as follows:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Gains	Losses	Gains	Losses
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	114	144	1,585	1
Corporate	435	13,624	9,389	1,044
Foreign	319	17,079	3,285	1,642
U.S. Treasury Bonds	33	85	60	25
	901	30,932	14,319	2,712

Debt securities as of June 30, 2022 mature, according to their contractual terms, as follows (actual maturities may differ due to call or prepayment rights):

	Amortized costs	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
In one year or less	98,843	98,429
After one year through five years	333,202	318,895
After five years through ten years	158,609	145,799
After ten years	32,960	30,460
	623,614	593,583

Gross unrealized losses on investments in debt securities and the fair values of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2022, were:

	Less than 12 months		More than 12 months		Total
	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	144	11,631	—	—	144	11,631
Corporate	12,033	218,982	1,591	11,268	13,624	230,250
Foreign	14,322	249,533	2,757	37,154	17,079	286,687
U.S. Treasury Bonds	61	1,410	24	611	85	2,021
	26,560	481,556	4,372	49,033	30,932	530,589

The number of specific debt investment holdings held in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2022 was 303. Of these securities, 23 were in unrealized loss positions for more than 12 months. Gross unrealized investment losses at June 30, 2022 increased compared to December 31, 2021, primarily due to the market volatility influenced by higher interest rates and credit spreads during 2022. Since the Company does not intend to sell and will more likely than not maintain each investment security until its maturity or anticipated recovery in value, and no significant credit risk is deemed to exist, these investments are not considered as credit-impaired. The Company believes its investment portfolio is diversified and expects no material loss to result from the failure to perform by issuers of the debt securities it holds. Investments made by the Company are not collateralized.

Gross unrealized losses on investments in debt securities and the fair values of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021, were:

	Less than 12 months		More than 12 months		Total
	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	1	130	—	—	1	130
Corporate	588	42,231	456	12,014	1,044	54,245
Foreign	1,502	118,943	140	3,394	1,642	122,337
U.S. Treasury Bonds	8	477	17	508	25	985
	2,099	161,781	613	15,916	2,712	177,697

Net realized and unrealized gains. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are detailed as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Realized gains	1,683	7,909	3,277	8,080
Realized losses	(3,671)	—	(3,839)	(2,469)
Net unrealized investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities still held at end of period	(9,917)	3,745	(7,258)	9,318
	(11,905)	11,654	(7,820)	14,929

Realized gains and losses during the second quarter 2022 included realized losses of $3.6 million from disposals of businesses and a $1.0 million gain from an acquisition contingent liability adjustment. Realized gains and losses during the second quarter 2021 included $7.3 million of gains on sales of buildings. Additionally, realized gains and losses for the first six months of 2022 and 2021 included a $1.0 million realized gain related to sale of a title plant copy, and a $2.5 million loss related to a disposal of an equity method investment, respectively.

Investment gains and losses recognized related to investments in equity securities are as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Net investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities during the period	(9,366)	3,780	(6,795)	9,361
Less: Net realized gains on equity securities sold during the period	551	35	463	43
Net unrealized investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities still held at end of period	(9,917)	3,745	(7,258)	9,318

Proceeds from sales of investments in securities are as follows: 

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Proceeds from sales of debt securities	11,002	11,634	28,282	14,571
Proceeds from sales of equity securities	117	59	487	173
Total proceeds from sales of investments in securities	11,119	11,693	28,769	14,744

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Fair value measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair value measurements

Fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal, or most advantageous, market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Under U.S. GAAP, there is a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs when possible.

The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

•Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 – observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and

•Level 3 – unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair values of the assets or liabilities, including certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

As of June 30, 2022, financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

	Level 1	Level 2	Fair value measurements
	($000 omitted)
Investments in securities:
Debt securities:
Municipal	—	32,525	32,525
Corporate	—	255,437	255,437
Foreign	—	295,134	295,134
U.S. Treasury Bonds	—	10,487	10,487
Equity securities	93,672	—	93,672
	93,672	593,583	687,255

As of December 31, 2021, financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

	Level 1	Level 2	Fair value measurements
	($000 omitted)
Investments in securities:
Debt securities:
Municipal	—	36,323	36,323
Corporate	—	258,102	258,102
Foreign	—	288,883	288,883
U.S. Treasury Bonds	—	6,464	6,464
Equity securities	89,442	—	89,442
	89,442	589,772	679,214

As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Level 1 financial instruments consist of equity securities. Level 2 financial instruments consist of municipal, governmental, and corporate bonds, both U.S. and foreign. In accordance with the Company’s policies and guidelines which incorporate relevant statutory requirements, the Company’s third-party registered investment manager invests only in securities rated as investment grade or higher by the major rating services, where observable valuation inputs are significant. The fair value of the Company's investments in debt and equity securities is primarily determined using a third-party pricing service provider. The third-party pricing service provider calculates the fair values using both market approach and model valuation methods, as well as pricing information obtained from brokers, dealers and custodians. Management ensures the reasonableness of the third-party service valuations by comparing them with pricing information from the Company's investment manager.

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Net realized and unrealized gains

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Net realized and unrealized gains

Investments in debt and equity securities. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the net unrealized investment gains relating to investments in equity securities held were $14.5 million and $21.1 million, respectively (refer to Note 5).

The amortized costs and fair values of investments in debt securities are as follows:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Amortized costs	Fair values	Amortized costs	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	32,555	32,525	34,739	36,323
Corporate	268,626	255,437	249,757	258,102
Foreign	311,894	295,134	287,240	288,883
U.S. Treasury Bonds	10,539	10,487	6,429	6,464
	623,614	593,583	578,165	589,772

Foreign debt securities consist of Canadian government, provincial and corporate bonds, United Kingdom treasury and corporate bonds, and Mexican government bonds.

Gross unrealized gains and losses on investments in debt securities are as follows:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Gains	Losses	Gains	Losses
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	114	144	1,585	1
Corporate	435	13,624	9,389	1,044
Foreign	319	17,079	3,285	1,642
U.S. Treasury Bonds	33	85	60	25
	901	30,932	14,319	2,712

Debt securities as of June 30, 2022 mature, according to their contractual terms, as follows (actual maturities may differ due to call or prepayment rights):

	Amortized costs	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
In one year or less	98,843	98,429
After one year through five years	333,202	318,895
After five years through ten years	158,609	145,799
After ten years	32,960	30,460
	623,614	593,583

Gross unrealized losses on investments in debt securities and the fair values of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2022, were:

	Less than 12 months		More than 12 months		Total
	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	144	11,631	—	—	144	11,631
Corporate	12,033	218,982	1,591	11,268	13,624	230,250
Foreign	14,322	249,533	2,757	37,154	17,079	286,687
U.S. Treasury Bonds	61	1,410	24	611	85	2,021
	26,560	481,556	4,372	49,033	30,932	530,589

The number of specific debt investment holdings held in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2022 was 303. Of these securities, 23 were in unrealized loss positions for more than 12 months. Gross unrealized investment losses at June 30, 2022 increased compared to December 31, 2021, primarily due to the market volatility influenced by higher interest rates and credit spreads during 2022. Since the Company does not intend to sell and will more likely than not maintain each investment security until its maturity or anticipated recovery in value, and no significant credit risk is deemed to exist, these investments are not considered as credit-impaired. The Company believes its investment portfolio is diversified and expects no material loss to result from the failure to perform by issuers of the debt securities it holds. Investments made by the Company are not collateralized.

Gross unrealized losses on investments in debt securities and the fair values of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021, were:

	Less than 12 months		More than 12 months		Total
	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	1	130	—	—	1	130
Corporate	588	42,231	456	12,014	1,044	54,245
Foreign	1,502	118,943	140	3,394	1,642	122,337
U.S. Treasury Bonds	8	477	17	508	25	985
	2,099	161,781	613	15,916	2,712	177,697

Net realized and unrealized gains. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are detailed as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Realized gains	1,683	7,909	3,277	8,080
Realized losses	(3,671)	—	(3,839)	(2,469)
Net unrealized investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities still held at end of period	(9,917)	3,745	(7,258)	9,318
	(11,905)	11,654	(7,820)	14,929

Realized gains and losses during the second quarter 2022 included realized losses of $3.6 million from disposals of businesses and a $1.0 million gain from an acquisition contingent liability adjustment. Realized gains and losses during the second quarter 2021 included $7.3 million of gains on sales of buildings. Additionally, realized gains and losses for the first six months of 2022 and 2021 included a $1.0 million realized gain related to sale of a title plant copy, and a $2.5 million loss related to a disposal of an equity method investment, respectively.

Investment gains and losses recognized related to investments in equity securities are as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Net investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities during the period	(9,366)	3,780	(6,795)	9,361
Less: Net realized gains on equity securities sold during the period	551	35	463	43
Net unrealized investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities still held at end of period	(9,917)	3,745	(7,258)	9,318

Proceeds from sales of investments in securities are as follows: 

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Proceeds from sales of debt securities	11,002	11,634	28,282	14,571
Proceeds from sales of equity securities	117	59	487	173
Total proceeds from sales of investments in securities	11,119	11,693	28,769	14,744

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Goodwill

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill

Goodwill. The summary of changes in goodwill is as follows.

	Title	Real Estate Solutions	Corporate and Other	Consolidated Total
	($000 omitted)
Balances at December 31, 2021	583,944	325,543	15,350	924,837
Acquisitions	25,325	—	—	25,325
Purchase accounting adjustments	802	28,990	(14,450)	15,342
Disposals	(392)	—	(900)	(1,292)
Balances at June 30, 2022	609,679	354,533	—	964,212

During the first six months of 2022, goodwill recorded in the title segment was related to acquisitions of title search and support services providers, while purchase accounting adjustments were primarily related to measurements of intangible assets and deferred taxes, and adjustments to provisional estimates within one year of the related acquisitions.

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Estimated title losses

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Loss Contingency [Abstract]

Estimated title losses

Estimated title losses. A summary of estimated title losses for the six months ended June 30 is as follows:

	2022		2021
	($000 omitted)
Balances at January 1	549,614		496,275
Provisions:
Current year	55,760		61,147
Previous policy years	(141)		1,195
Total provisions	55,619		62,342
Payments, net of recoveries:
Current year	(8,927)		(7,682)
Previous policy years	(29,790)		(28,438)
Total payments, net of recoveries	(38,717)		(36,120)
Effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates	(3,835)		2,486
Balances at June 30	562,681		524,983
Loss ratios as a percentage of title operating revenues:
Current year provisions	3.8	%	4.5	%
Total provisions	3.8	%	4.6	%

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Share-based payments	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Share-based payments	Share-based payments. As part of its incentive compensation program for executives and senior management employees, the Company provides share-based awards, which usually include a combination of time-based restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units and stock options. Each restricted stock unit represents a contractual right to receive a share of the Company's common stock. The time-based units generally vest on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date, while the performance-based units vest upon achievement of certain financial objectives and an employee service requirement over a period of approximately three years. The stock options vest on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date at a rate of 20%, 30% and 50%, chronologically, and expire 10 years after the grant date. Each vested stock option can be exercised to purchase a share of the Company's common stock at the strike price set by the Company at the grant date. The compensation expense associated with the share-based awards is calculated based on the fair value of the related award and recognized over the corresponding vesting period.During the first six months of 2022, the Company granted time-based and performance-based restricted stock units with an aggregate grant-date fair value of $11.2 million (174,000 units with an average grant price per unit of $64.15). During the first six months of 2021, the aggregate grant-date fair values of restricted stock unit and stock option awards, respectively, were $8.9 million (166,000 units with an average grant price per unit of $53.71) and $1.3 million (139,000 options with an average grant price per option of $9.24 and exercise strike price of $53.24).

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Earnings per share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per share

Earnings per share. Basic earnings per share (EPS) attributable to Stewart is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Stewart by the weighted-average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the reporting periods. Outstanding shares of Common Stock granted to employees that are not yet vested (restricted shares) are excluded from the calculation of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for calculating basic EPS. To calculate diluted EPS, the number of shares is adjusted to include the number of additional shares that would have been outstanding if restricted units and shares were vested and stock options were exercised. In periods of loss, dilutive shares are excluded from the calculation of the diluted EPS and diluted EPS is computed in the same manner as basic EPS.

The calculation of the basic and diluted EPS is as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted, except per share)
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Stewart	61,660	94,819	119,557	149,055
Denominator (000):
Basic average shares outstanding	27,018	26,798	26,989	26,767
Average number of dilutive shares relating to options	154	189	226	154
Average number of dilutive shares relating to grants of restricted units and shares	121	136	162	117
Diluted average shares outstanding	27,293	27,123	27,377	27,038
Basic earnings per share attributable to Stewart	2.28	3.54	4.43	5.57
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Stewart	2.26	3.50	4.37	5.51

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Contingent liabilities and commitments	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Contingent liabilities and commitments	Contingent liabilities and commitments. In the ordinary course of business, the Company guarantees the third-party indebtedness of certain of its consolidated subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2022, the maximum potential future payments on the guarantees are not more than the related notes payable recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company also guarantees the indebtedness related to lease obligations of certain of its consolidated subsidiaries. The maximum future obligations arising from these lease-related guarantees are not more than the Company’s future lease obligations, as presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, plus lease operating expenses. As of June 30, 2022, the Company also had unused letters of credit aggregating $4.9 million related to workers’ compensation and other insurance. The Company does not expect to make any payments on these guarantees.

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Regulatory and legal developments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Regulatory and legal developments

Regulatory and legal developments. The Company is subject to claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of its business, most of which involve disputed policy claims. In some of these lawsuits, the plaintiffs seek exemplary or treble damages in excess of policy limits. The Company does not expect that any of these ordinary course proceedings will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition or results of operations. The Company believes that it has adequate reserves for the various litigation matters and contingencies referred to in this paragraph and that the likely resolution of these matters will not materially affect its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

The Company is subject to non-ordinary course of business claims or lawsuits from time to time. To the extent the Company is currently the subject of these types of lawsuits, the Company has determined either that a loss is not reasonably possible or that the estimated loss or range of loss, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Additionally, the Company occasionally receives various inquiries from governmental regulators concerning practices in the insurance industry. Many of these practices do not concern title insurance. To the extent the Company is in receipt of such inquiries, it believes that, where appropriate, it has adequately reserved for these matters and does not anticipate that the outcome of these inquiries will materially affect its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

The Company is subject to various other administrative actions and inquiries into its business conduct in certain of the states in which it operates. While the Company cannot predict the outcome of the various regulatory and administrative matters, it believes that it has adequately reserved for these matters and does not anticipate that the outcome of any of these matters will materially affect its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

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Segment information

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment information

Segment information. Prior to 2022, the Company reported two operating segments: the title insurance and related services (title) segment, and the ancillary services and corporate segment. Effective in the first quarter 2022, the Company began reporting three operating segments: the title segment, the real estate solutions segment, and the corporate and other segment. The new segment presentation is primarily due to the increased size of the real estate solutions operations (formerly, ancillary services operations) resulting from strategic acquisitions. Previously, the real estate solutions operations were combined in one segment with the Company's corporate operations, which consist of expenses of the parent holding company and other centralized administrative services departments.

Under the revised segment presentation, the composition of each of the title and real estate solutions segments is substantially unchanged, while the corporate and other segment primarily includes corporate operations. The title segment provides services needed to transfer title to property in a real estate transaction and includes services such as searching, abstracting, examining, closing and insuring the condition of the title to the property. In addition, the title segment includes home and personal insurance services, Internal Revenue Code Section 1031 tax-deferred exchanges, and digital customer engagement platform services. The real estate solutions segment primarily include appraisal management services, online notarization and closing services, credit and real estate information services, and search and valuation services. Amounts for 2021 were recast in the following table to conform with the new segment presentation.

Selected statement of income information related to these segments is as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Title segment:
Revenues	759,035	753,119	1,488,393	1,385,704
Depreciation and amortization	7,489	4,709	13,631	9,023
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interest	93,595	125,671	176,375	202,760
Real estate solutions segment:
Revenues	82,864	58,193	172,255	114,124
Depreciation and amortization	6,381	1,884	13,177	3,778
Income before taxes	6,095	2,212	12,886	4,869
Corporate and other segment:
Revenues	2,174	7,497	36,340	7,567
Depreciation and amortization	418	226	1,229	448
(Loss) income before taxes	(12,911)	1,573	(22,870)	(4,171)
Consolidated Stewart:
Revenues	844,073	818,809	1,696,988	1,507,395
Depreciation and amortization	14,288	6,819	28,037	13,249
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interest	86,779	129,456	166,391	203,458

The Company does not provide asset information by reportable operating segment as it does not routinely evaluate the asset position by segment.

Total revenues generated in the United States and all international operations are as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
United States	791,447	762,344	1,600,651	1,414,926
International	52,626	56,465	96,337	92,469
	844,073	818,809	1,696,988	1,507,395

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Other comprehensive (loss) income

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Other comprehensive (loss) income

Other comprehensive (loss) income. Changes in the balances of each component of other comprehensive (loss) income and the related tax effects are as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30, 2022			Three Months Ended   June 30, 2021
	Before-Tax Amount	Tax Expense (Benefit)	Net-of-Tax Amount	Before-Tax Amount	Tax Expense (Benefit)	Net-of-Tax Amount
	($000 omitted)
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments:
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(16,068)	(3,374)	(12,694)	1,277	268	1,009
Reclassification adjustments for realized gains and losses on investments	(148)	(31)	(117)	(529)	(111)	(418)
	(16,216)	(3,405)	(12,811)	748	157	591
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(9,329)	(1,148)	(8,181)	1,760	381	1,379
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(25,545)	(4,553)	(20,992)	2,508	538	1,970

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022			Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
	Before-Tax Amount	Tax Expense (Benefit)	Net-of-Tax Amount	Before-Tax Amount	Tax Expense (Benefit)	Net-of-Tax Amount
	($000 omitted)
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments:
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(41,256)	(8,664)	(32,592)	(10,312)	(2,165)	(8,147)
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments	(382)	(80)	(302)	(713)	(150)	(563)
	(41,638)	(8,744)	(32,894)	(11,025)	(2,315)	(8,710)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(8,353)	(792)	(7,561)	4,111	865	3,246
Other comprehensive loss	(49,991)	(9,536)	(40,455)	(6,914)	(1,450)	(5,464)

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Interim financial statements (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Management's responsibility

Management’s responsibility. The accompanying interim financial statements were prepared by management, who is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the United States (U.S.) generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), including management’s best judgments and estimates. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of this information for all interim periods, consisting only of normal recurring accruals, have been made. The Company’s results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year and actual results could differ.

Consolidation

Consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements include all subsidiaries in which the Company owns more than 50% voting rights in electing directors. All significant intercompany amounts and transactions have been eliminated and provisions have been made for noncontrolling interests. Unconsolidated investees, in which the Company typically owns from 20% to 50% of the voting stock, are accounted for using the equity method.

Restrictions on cash and investments

Restrictions on cash and investments. The Company maintains investments in accordance with certain statutory requirements for the funding of statutory premium reserves. Statutory reserve funds are required to be fully funded and invested in high-quality securities and short-term investments. Statutory reserve funds are not available for current claim payments, which must be funded from current operating cash flow. Included in investments in debt and equity securities are statutory reserve funds of approximately $538.1 million and $523.5 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. In addition, included within cash and cash equivalents are statutory reserve funds of approximately $14.9 million and $41.4 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Although these cash statutory reserve funds are not restricted or segregated in depository accounts, they are required to be held pursuant to state statutes. If the Company fails to maintain minimum investments or cash and cash equivalents sufficient to meet statutory requirements, the Company may be subject to fines or other penalties, including potential revocation of its business license. These funds are not available for any other purpose. In the event that insurance regulators adjust the determination of the statutory premium reserves of the Company’s title insurers, these restricted funds as well as statutory surplus would correspondingly increase or decrease.

Fair value measurements

Fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal, or most advantageous, market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Under U.S. GAAP, there is a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs when possible.

The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

•Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 – observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and

•Level 3 – unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair values of the assets or liabilities, including certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

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Revenues (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Summary of operating revenues

The Company's operating revenues, summarized by type, are as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Title insurance premiums:
Direct	231,721	243,638	437,283	438,631
Agency	409,931	390,330	814,076	736,261
Escrow fees	61,497	63,534	117,289	120,183
Real estate solutions and abstract fees	104,213	80,712	213,015	149,332
Other revenues	41,877	23,811	112,784	38,985
	849,239	802,025	1,694,447	1,483,392

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Investments in debt and equity securities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Amortized costs and fair values

The amortized costs and fair values of investments in debt securities are as follows:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Amortized costs	Fair values	Amortized costs	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	32,555	32,525	34,739	36,323
Corporate	268,626	255,437	249,757	258,102
Foreign	311,894	295,134	287,240	288,883
U.S. Treasury Bonds	10,539	10,487	6,429	6,464
	623,614	593,583	578,165	589,772

Proceeds from sales of investments in securities are as follows: 

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Proceeds from sales of debt securities	11,002	11,634	28,282	14,571
Proceeds from sales of equity securities	117	59	487	173
Total proceeds from sales of investments in securities	11,119	11,693	28,769	14,744

Gross unrealized gains and losses

Gross unrealized gains and losses on investments in debt securities are as follows:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Gains	Losses	Gains	Losses
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	114	144	1,585	1
Corporate	435	13,624	9,389	1,044
Foreign	319	17,079	3,285	1,642
U.S. Treasury Bonds	33	85	60	25
	901	30,932	14,319	2,712

Debt securities according to contractual terms

Debt securities as of June 30, 2022 mature, according to their contractual terms, as follows (actual maturities may differ due to call or prepayment rights):

	Amortized costs	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
In one year or less	98,843	98,429
After one year through five years	333,202	318,895
After five years through ten years	158,609	145,799
After ten years	32,960	30,460
	623,614	593,583

Gross unrealized losses on investments and fair values of related securities

Gross unrealized losses on investments in debt securities and the fair values of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2022, were:

	Less than 12 months		More than 12 months		Total
	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	144	11,631	—	—	144	11,631
Corporate	12,033	218,982	1,591	11,268	13,624	230,250
Foreign	14,322	249,533	2,757	37,154	17,079	286,687
U.S. Treasury Bonds	61	1,410	24	611	85	2,021
	26,560	481,556	4,372	49,033	30,932	530,589

Gross unrealized losses on investments in debt securities and the fair values of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021, were:

	Less than 12 months		More than 12 months		Total
	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values	Losses	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	1	130	—	—	1	130
Corporate	588	42,231	456	12,014	1,044	54,245
Foreign	1,502	118,943	140	3,394	1,642	122,337
U.S. Treasury Bonds	8	477	17	508	25	985
	2,099	161,781	613	15,916	2,712	177,697

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Fair value measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Financial instruments measured at fair value on recurring basis

As of June 30, 2022, financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

	Level 1	Level 2	Fair value measurements
	($000 omitted)
Investments in securities:
Debt securities:
Municipal	—	32,525	32,525
Corporate	—	255,437	255,437
Foreign	—	295,134	295,134
U.S. Treasury Bonds	—	10,487	10,487
Equity securities	93,672	—	93,672
	93,672	593,583	687,255

As of December 31, 2021, financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

	Level 1	Level 2	Fair value measurements
	($000 omitted)
Investments in securities:
Debt securities:
Municipal	—	36,323	36,323
Corporate	—	258,102	258,102
Foreign	—	288,883	288,883
U.S. Treasury Bonds	—	6,464	6,464
Equity securities	89,442	—	89,442
	89,442	589,772	679,214

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Net realized and unrealized gains (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Gross realized investment and other gains

Realized and unrealized gains and losses are detailed as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Realized gains	1,683	7,909	3,277	8,080
Realized losses	(3,671)	—	(3,839)	(2,469)
Net unrealized investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities still held at end of period	(9,917)	3,745	(7,258)	9,318
	(11,905)	11,654	(7,820)	14,929

Investments in equity securities still held

Investment gains and losses recognized related to investments in equity securities are as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Net investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities during the period	(9,366)	3,780	(6,795)	9,361
Less: Net realized gains on equity securities sold during the period	551	35	463	43
Net unrealized investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities still held at end of period	(9,917)	3,745	(7,258)	9,318

Proceeds from sale of investments in securities

The amortized costs and fair values of investments in debt securities are as follows:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	Amortized costs	Fair values	Amortized costs	Fair values
	($000 omitted)
Municipal	32,555	32,525	34,739	36,323
Corporate	268,626	255,437	249,757	258,102
Foreign	311,894	295,134	287,240	288,883
U.S. Treasury Bonds	10,539	10,487	6,429	6,464
	623,614	593,583	578,165	589,772

Proceeds from sales of investments in securities are as follows: 

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Proceeds from sales of debt securities	11,002	11,634	28,282	14,571
Proceeds from sales of equity securities	117	59	487	173
Total proceeds from sales of investments in securities	11,119	11,693	28,769	14,744

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Goodwill (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of goodwill

The summary of changes in goodwill is as follows.

	Title	Real Estate Solutions	Corporate and Other	Consolidated Total
	($000 omitted)
Balances at December 31, 2021	583,944	325,543	15,350	924,837
Acquisitions	25,325	—	—	25,325
Purchase accounting adjustments	802	28,990	(14,450)	15,342
Disposals	(392)	—	(900)	(1,292)
Balances at June 30, 2022	609,679	354,533	—	964,212

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Estimated title losses (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Loss Contingency [Abstract]

Summary of estimated title losses

A summary of estimated title losses for the six months ended June 30 is as follows:

	2022		2021
	($000 omitted)
Balances at January 1	549,614		496,275
Provisions:
Current year	55,760		61,147
Previous policy years	(141)		1,195
Total provisions	55,619		62,342
Payments, net of recoveries:
Current year	(8,927)		(7,682)
Previous policy years	(29,790)		(28,438)
Total payments, net of recoveries	(38,717)		(36,120)
Effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates	(3,835)		2,486
Balances at June 30	562,681		524,983
Loss ratios as a percentage of title operating revenues:
Current year provisions	3.8	%	4.5	%
Total provisions	3.8	%	4.6	%

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Earnings per share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share

The calculation of the basic and diluted EPS is as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted, except per share)
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Stewart	61,660	94,819	119,557	149,055
Denominator (000):
Basic average shares outstanding	27,018	26,798	26,989	26,767
Average number of dilutive shares relating to options	154	189	226	154
Average number of dilutive shares relating to grants of restricted units and shares	121	136	162	117
Diluted average shares outstanding	27,293	27,123	27,377	27,038
Basic earnings per share attributable to Stewart	2.28	3.54	4.43	5.57
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Stewart	2.26	3.50	4.37	5.51

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Segment information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Selected statement of operations and income (loss) information related to segments

Selected statement of income information related to these segments is as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
Title segment:
Revenues	759,035	753,119	1,488,393	1,385,704
Depreciation and amortization	7,489	4,709	13,631	9,023
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interest	93,595	125,671	176,375	202,760
Real estate solutions segment:
Revenues	82,864	58,193	172,255	114,124
Depreciation and amortization	6,381	1,884	13,177	3,778
Income before taxes	6,095	2,212	12,886	4,869
Corporate and other segment:
Revenues	2,174	7,497	36,340	7,567
Depreciation and amortization	418	226	1,229	448
(Loss) income before taxes	(12,911)	1,573	(22,870)	(4,171)
Consolidated Stewart:
Revenues	844,073	818,809	1,696,988	1,507,395
Depreciation and amortization	14,288	6,819	28,037	13,249
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interest	86,779	129,456	166,391	203,458

Revenues generated in domestic and all international operations

Total revenues generated in the United States and all international operations are as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30,		Six Months Ended   June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
	($000 omitted)
United States	791,447	762,344	1,600,651	1,414,926
International	52,626	56,465	96,337	92,469
	844,073	818,809	1,696,988	1,507,395

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Other comprehensive (loss) income (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of changes in other comprehensive income (loss)

Changes in the balances of each component of other comprehensive (loss) income and the related tax effects are as follows:

	Three Months Ended   June 30, 2022			Three Months Ended   June 30, 2021
	Before-Tax Amount	Tax Expense (Benefit)	Net-of-Tax Amount	Before-Tax Amount	Tax Expense (Benefit)	Net-of-Tax Amount
	($000 omitted)
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments:
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(16,068)	(3,374)	(12,694)	1,277	268	1,009
Reclassification adjustments for realized gains and losses on investments	(148)	(31)	(117)	(529)	(111)	(418)
	(16,216)	(3,405)	(12,811)	748	157	591
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(9,329)	(1,148)	(8,181)	1,760	381	1,379
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(25,545)	(4,553)	(20,992)	2,508	538	1,970

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022			Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
	Before-Tax Amount	Tax Expense (Benefit)	Net-of-Tax Amount	Before-Tax Amount	Tax Expense (Benefit)	Net-of-Tax Amount
	($000 omitted)
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments:
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(41,256)	(8,664)	(32,592)	(10,312)	(2,165)	(8,147)
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments	(382)	(80)	(302)	(713)	(150)	(563)
	(41,638)	(8,744)	(32,894)	(11,025)	(2,315)	(8,710)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(8,353)	(792)	(7,561)	4,111	865	3,246
Other comprehensive loss	(49,991)	(9,536)	(40,455)	(6,914)	(1,450)	(5,464)

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Interim financial statements - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Investments restricted for statutory reserve funds	$ 538.1	$ 523.5
Restricted cash and cash equivalent	$ 14.9	$ 41.4

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Revenues (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 849,239	$ 802,025	$ 1,694,447	$ 1,483,392
Direct
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	231,721	243,638	437,283	438,631
Agency
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	409,931	390,330	814,076	736,261
Escrow fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	61,497	63,534	117,289	120,183
Real estate solutions and abstract fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	104,213	80,712	213,015	149,332
Other revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 41,877	$ 23,811	$ 112,784	$ 38,985

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Investments in debt and equity securities - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) investment	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Net unrealized investment (losses) gains on equity securities held | $	$ 14.5	$ 21.1
Number of investments in an unrealized loss position	303
Number of investments in an unrealized loss positions for more than 12 months	23

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Investments in debt and equity securities - Amortized Costs and Fair Values (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized costs	$ 623,614	$ 578,165
Fair values	593,583	589,772
Municipal
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized costs	32,555	34,739
Fair values	32,525	36,323
Corporate
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized costs	268,626	249,757
Fair values	255,437	258,102
Foreign
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized costs	311,894	287,240
Fair values	295,134	288,883
U.S. Treasury Bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized costs	10,539	6,429
Fair values	$ 10,487	$ 6,464

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Investments in debt and equity securities - Gross Unrealized Gains and Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Gains	$ 901	$ 14,319
Losses	30,932	2,712
Municipal
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Gains	114	1,585
Losses	144	1
Corporate
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Gains	435	9,389
Losses	13,624	1,044
Foreign
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Gains	319	3,285
Losses	17,079	1,642
U.S. Treasury Bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Gains	33	60
Losses	$ 85	$ 25

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Investments in debt and equity securities - Debt Securities According to Contractual Terms (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Amortized costs
In one year or less	$ 98,843
After one year through five years	333,202
After five years through ten years	158,609
After ten years	32,960
Amortized costs	623,614	$ 578,165
Fair values
In one year or less	98,429
After one year through five years	318,895
After five years through ten years	145,799
After ten years	30,460
Fair values	$ 593,583	$ 589,772

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Investments in debt and equity securities - Gross Unrealized Losses on Investments and Fair Values of Related Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Losses
Less than 12 months	$ 26,560	$ 2,099
More than 12 months	4,372	613
Total	30,932	2,712
Fair values
Less than 12 months	481,556	161,781
More than 12 months	49,033	15,916
Total	530,589	177,697
Municipal
Losses
Less than 12 months	144	1
More than 12 months	0	0
Total	144	1
Fair values
Less than 12 months	11,631	130
More than 12 months	0	0
Total	11,631	130
Corporate
Losses
Less than 12 months	12,033	588
More than 12 months	1,591	456
Total	13,624	1,044
Fair values
Less than 12 months	218,982	42,231
More than 12 months	11,268	12,014
Total	230,250	54,245
Foreign
Losses
Less than 12 months	14,322	1,502
More than 12 months	2,757	140
Total	17,079	1,642
Fair values
Less than 12 months	249,533	118,943
More than 12 months	37,154	3,394
Total	286,687	122,337
U.S. Treasury Bonds
Losses
Less than 12 months	61	8
More than 12 months	24	17
Total	85	25
Fair values
Less than 12 months	1,410	477
More than 12 months	611	508
Total	$ 2,021	$ 985

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Fair value measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	$ 593,583	$ 589,772
Equity securities	93,672	89,442
Investments in debt and equity securities	687,255	679,214
Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	93,672	89,442
Investments in debt and equity securities	93,672	89,442
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	0	0
Investments in debt and equity securities	593,583	589,772
Municipal
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	32,525	36,323
Municipal | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	0	0
Municipal | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	32,525	36,323
Corporate
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	255,437	258,102
Corporate | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	0	0
Corporate | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	255,437	258,102
Foreign
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	295,134	288,883
Foreign | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	0	0
Foreign | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	295,134	288,883
U.S. Treasury Bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	10,487	6,464
U.S. Treasury Bonds | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	0	0
U.S. Treasury Bonds | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	$ 10,487	$ 6,464

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Net realized and unrealized gains - Gross Realized and Unrealized Gains and Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Realized gains	$ 1,683	$ 7,909	$ 3,277	$ 8,080
Realized losses	(3,671)	0	(3,839)	(2,469)
Net unrealized investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities still held at end of period	(9,917)	3,745	(7,258)	9,318
Investment and other gains (losses) – net	$ (11,905)	$ 11,654	$ (7,820)	$ 14,929

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Net realized and unrealized gains - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Loss on sale of business	$ 3.6
Gain from acquisition contingent liability adjustment	$ 1.0
Gains on sales of buildings		$ 7.3
Gain on sale of title plant copy			$ 1.0	$ 1.0
Loss on disposal of equity method investment			$ 2.5	$ 2.5

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Net realized and unrealized gains - Net Gains on Investments in Equity Securities Still Held (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Net investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities during the period	$ (9,366)	$ 3,780	$ (6,795)	$ 9,361
Less: Net realized gains on equity securities sold during the period	551	35	463	43
Net unrealized investment (losses) gains recognized on equity securities still held at end of period	$ (9,917)	$ 3,745	$ (7,258)	$ 9,318

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Net realized and unrealized gains - Proceeds from the Sale of Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Proceeds from sales of debt securities	$ 11,002	$ 11,634	$ 28,282	$ 14,571
Proceeds from sales of equity securities	117	59	487	173
Total proceeds from sales of investments in securities	$ 11,119	$ 11,693	$ 28,769	$ 14,744

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Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balances	$ 924,837
Acquisitions	25,325
Purchase accounting adjustments	15,342
Disposals	(1,292)
Ending balance	964,212
Title
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balances	583,944
Acquisitions	25,325
Purchase accounting adjustments	802
Disposals	(392)
Ending balance	609,679
Real estate solutions and abstract fees
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balances	325,543
Acquisitions	0
Purchase accounting adjustments	28,990
Ending balance	354,533
Corporate and Other
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balances	15,350
Acquisitions	0
Purchase accounting adjustments	(14,450)
Ending balance	0
Corporate and Other
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Disposals	$ (900)

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Estimated title losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Roll Forward]
Balances at beginning of period	$ 549,614	$ 496,275
Provisions:
Current year	55,760	61,147
Previous policy years	(141)	1,195
Total provisions	55,619	62,342
Payments, net of recoveries:
Current year	(8,927)	(7,682)
Previous policy years	(29,790)	(28,438)
Total payments, net of recoveries	(38,717)	(36,120)
Effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates	(3,835)	2,486
Balances at end of period	$ 562,681	$ 524,983
Loss ratios as a percentage of title operating revenues:
Current year provisions	3.80%	4.50%
Total provisions	3.80%	4.60%

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Share-based payments (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value of options granted in the period		$ 1.3
Number of options granted in the period (in shares)		139,000
Average grant price (in usd per share)		$ 9.24
Grant price (in usd per share)		$ 53.24
Time-based shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	3 years
Performance-based shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	3 years
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period	10 years
Stock options | First anniversary
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting percentage	20.00%
Stock options | Second anniversary
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting percentage	30.00%
Stock options | Third anniversary
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting percentage	50.00%
Restricted stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Aggregate fair value at grant date	$ 11.2	$ 8.9
Granted (in shares)	174,000	166,000
Average grant price (in usd per share)	$ 64.15	$ 53.71

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Earnings per share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Stewart	$ 61,660	$ 94,819	$ 119,557	$ 149,055
Denominator (000):
Basic average shares outstanding (in shares)	27,018	26,798	26,989	26,767
Diluted average shares outstanding (in shares)	27,293	27,123	27,377	27,038
Basic earnings per share attributable to Stewart (in usd per share)	$ 2.28	$ 3.54	$ 4.43	$ 5.57
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Stewart (in usd per share)	$ 2.26	$ 3.50	$ 4.37	$ 5.51
Stock options
Denominator (000):
Average number of dilutive shares relating to grants of restricted shares and units (in shares)	154	189	226	154
Restricted stock and restricted stock units
Denominator (000):
Average number of dilutive shares relating to grants of restricted shares and units (in shares)	121	136	162	117

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Contingent liabilities and commitments (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Guarantee of indebtedness, relating to unused letters of credit	$ 4.9

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Segment information - Additional Information (Details) - segment		3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	2	3

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Segment information - Selected Statement of Operations and Income (Loss) Information Related to Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 844,073	$ 818,809	$ 1,696,988	$ 1,507,395
Depreciation and amortization	14,288	6,819	28,037	13,249
(Loss) income before taxes	86,779	129,456	166,391	203,458
Title segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	759,035	753,119	1,488,393	1,385,704
Depreciation and amortization	7,489	4,709	13,631	9,023
(Loss) income before taxes	93,595	125,671	176,375	202,760
Real estate solutions and abstract fees
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	82,864	58,193	172,255	114,124
Depreciation and amortization	6,381	1,884	13,177	3,778
(Loss) income before taxes	6,095	2,212	12,886	4,869
Corporate and Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	2,174	7,497	36,340	7,567
Depreciation and amortization	418	226	1,229	448
(Loss) income before taxes	$ (12,911)	$ 1,573	$ (22,870)	$ (4,171)

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Segment information - Revenues Generated in Domestic and Foreign Country (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net revenue	$ 844,073	$ 818,809	$ 1,696,988	$ 1,507,395
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net revenue	791,447	762,344	1,600,651	1,414,926
International
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net revenue	$ 52,626	$ 56,465	$ 96,337	$ 92,469

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Other comprehensive (loss) income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Before-Tax Amount
Other comprehensive (loss) income	$ (25,545)	$ 2,508	$ (49,991)	$ (6,914)
Tax Expense (Benefit)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(4,553)	538	(9,536)	(1,450)
Net-of-Tax Amount
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(20,992)	1,970	(40,455)	(5,464)
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments
Before-Tax Amount
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(16,068)	1,277	(41,256)	(10,312)
Reclassification adjustments for realized gains and losses on investments	(148)	(529)	(382)	(713)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(16,216)	748	(41,638)	(11,025)
Tax Expense (Benefit)
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(3,374)	268	(8,664)	(2,165)
Reclassification adjustments for realized gains and losses on investments	(31)	(111)	(80)	(150)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(3,405)	157	(8,744)	(2,315)
Net-of-Tax Amount
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(12,694)	1,009	(32,592)	(8,147)
Reclassification adjustments for realized gains and losses on investments	(117)	(418)	(302)	(563)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(12,811)	591	(32,894)	(8,710)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Before-Tax Amount
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(9,329)	1,760	(8,353)	4,111
Tax Expense (Benefit)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(1,148)	381	(792)	865
Net-of-Tax Amount
Other comprehensive (loss) income	$ (8,181)	$ 1,379	$ (7,561)	$ 3,246