Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

9. Income Taxes

The provisions for taxes on income and the related income before taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, were as follows:

(In thousands)	2024			2023			2022
Taxes on Income
Federal
Current (1)	$	2,177		$	(22,215	)	$	39,328
Deferred (1)		(7,248	)		20,268			(20,636	)
State
Current (1)		(482	)		(1,188	)		9,875
Deferred (1)		905			444			(6,943	)
Foreign
Current		18,664			13,287			19,799
Deferred		(3,947	)		(2,409	)		127
Total	$	10,069		$	8,187		$	41,550
Income before Taxes
Domestic	$	7,319		$	11,693		$	103,831
Foreign		53,120			36,698			84,872
Total	$	60,439		$	48,391		$	188,703

(1)In 2023 for the 2022 U.S. tax returns (federal and state), a U.S. tax accounting method change was made for the 2018-2021 tax years and additional assets that qualified for bonus depreciation under IRC 168(k) were identified. Said items increased the income tax receivable with an offset to current tax expense and created deferred tax liabilities with an offset to deferred tax expense. These amounts were booked in 2023 as a provision-to-return adjustment.

The variations between the effective and statutory U.S. federal income tax rates are summarized as follows:

	2024 (1)						2023						2022
(In thousands)	Amount			%			Amount			%			Amount			%
Federal income tax provision at statutory    tax rate	$	12,692			21.0		$	10,162			21.0		$	39,628			21.0
State income tax provision, less applicable    federal tax benefit		334			0.6			(588	)		(1.2	)		2,316			1.2
Foreign income taxed at different rates		4,556			7.5			1,153			2.4			2,417			1.3
U.S. taxation of foreign earnings (2)		(159	)		(0.3	)		1,079			2.2			1,616			0.9
Unrecognized tax benefits		4,520			7.5			4,090			8.5			3,324			1.8
Prior years return to provision true-up (3)		(6,795	)		(11.2	)		(2,424	)		(5.0	)		(1,915	)		(1.0	)
Stock based compensation, excess tax    benefits		(937	)		(1.6	)		(1,262	)		(2.6	)		(580	)		(0.3	)
U.S. tax credits		(5,500	)		(9.1	)		(4,582	)		(9.5	)		(4,508	)		(2.4	)
Non-deductible expenses and other    items, net		1,358			2.3			559			1.1			(748	)		(0.5	)
Total income tax provision	$	10,069			16.7		$	8,187			16.9		$	41,550			22.0

(1)In general, all permanent differences, whether positive or negative, have a more pronounced effect on the effective tax rate the lower the pre-tax income even if year-over-year the permanent differences did not change significantly.

(2)Includes Subpart F activity, a direct inclusion of foreign affiliate(s) income in U.S. taxable income (all years), global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) for years 2023 and 2022. For 2024, GILTI was zero due to the High Tax Election. 2024 includes a U.S. permanent foreign exchange tax benefit recognized upon repatriation.

(3)For 2024, amount resulted largely from a fixed asset inflationary tax benefit in Mexico. For 2023 and 2022, amounts resulted from higher federal research credit and lower GILTI.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the tax effects of significant temporary differences representing deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:

(In thousands)	2024			2023
Deferred Tax Assets:
Pensions	$	1,467		$	446
Deferred revenue		2,067			2,640
Other accruals and reserves		12,324			14,638
Legal and environmental accruals		7,244			7,292
Deferred compensation		9,361			12,199
Bad debt and rebate reserves		4,950			4,916
Net operating loss carryforwards		7,615			6,512
Amortization of intangibles		52,868			37,123
Inventories		8,004			8,959
Tax credit carryforwards		19,383			13,682
Disallowed interest expense carryforwards		6,035			—
	$	131,318		$	108,407
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Depreciation	$	(94,012	)	$	(82,907	)
Unrealized foreign exchange loss		(3,222	)		(2,784	)
Other		(2,878	)		(2,991	)
	$	(100,112	)	$	(88,682	)
Valuation Allowance	$	(764	)	$	(853	)
Net Deferred Tax Assets	$	30,442		$	18,872
Reconciliation to Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Non-current deferred tax assets (in other non-current assets)		40,054			29,245
Non-current deferred tax liabilities		(9,612	)		(10,373	)
Net Deferred Tax Assets	$	30,442		$	18,872

Earnings generated by a foreign subsidiary are presumed to ultimately be transferred to the parent company. Therefore, the establishment of deferred taxes may be required with respect to the excess of the investment value for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in those foreign subsidiaries (also referred to as book-over-tax outside basis differences). A company may overcome this presumption and forgo recording a deferred tax liability in its financial statements if it can assert that management has the intent and ability to indefinitely reinvest the earnings of its foreign subsidiaries. Pursuant to the 2017 U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act), the Company’s foreign earnings have been subject to U.S. federal taxes. The Company now has the ability to repatriate to the U.S. parent the cash associated with these foreign earnings with little additional U.S. federal taxes. This cash may, however, be subject to foreign income and/or local country taxes if repatriated to the United States. In addition, repatriation of some foreign cash balances may be further restricted by local laws. As such, the Company intends to limit its distributions to earnings previously taxed in the U.S. or earnings that would qualify for the 100 percent dividends received deduction provided for in the Tax Act as long as such distributions would not result in any significant foreign taxes.

In 2024, the Company repatriated $54,464,000 between July and December from its Singapore and Canada subsidiaries. The Company incurred an incremental tax expense of $647,000 as a result of this repatriation. The effect of the adjustment on the 2024 effective tax rate was an increase of approximately 1.1 percent. In 2023, the Company repatriated $54,944,000 between July and December from its Netherlands, Singapore and Canada subsidiaries. The Company incurred an incremental tax expense of $397,000 as a result of this repatriation. The effect of the adjustment on the 2023 effective tax rate was an increase of approximately 0.8 percent. In 2022, the Company did not repatriate any cash to the U.S. parent company.

The Company evaluated its indefinite reinvestment assertion with regards to certain accumulated foreign earnings as of December 31, 2024. The Company does not consider the undistributed earnings of its Canadian subsidiary to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations to the extent of the subsidiary’s paid-up capital (PUC) as determined under Canadian tax law, which is used to determine tax-free distributions for Canadian tax purposes. In 2024, all Canadian PUC was utilized, and any future distributions would be subject to Canada’s 5.0 percent withholding tax. The Company also does not consider the undistributed earnings of one of its Dutch subsidiaries, and one of its Singapore subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. A distribution from any of these subsidiaries should not result in any significant foreign taxes to the extent of the distribution limitations discussed above and therefore, the Company

has not recognized a deferred tax liability for these undistributed earnings as of December 31, 2024. The Company considers the undistributed earnings of its remaining foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. At this time, the determination of deferred tax liabilities on this amount is not practicable.

The Company had non-U.S. tax loss carryforwards of $16,390,000 (pretax) as of December 31, 2024, and $20,113,000 as of December 31, 2023, that are available for use by the Company between 2025 and 2034. The Company generated a $8,354,000 U.S. tax loss in 2024 primarily due to a portion of the Pasadena assets being placed into service. This U.S. loss is expected to be utilized in 2025 or 2026.

The Company had tax credit carryforwards of $19,383,000 as of December 31, 2024, and $13,682,000 as of December 31, 2023, that are available for use by the Company between 2025 and 2044. The Company had non-U.S. capital loss carryforwards of $560,000 as of December 31, 2024, and $608,000 as of December 31, 2023. The Company’s capital loss carryforwards do not expire.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had valuation allowances of $764,000 and $853,000, respectively, which were attributable to deferred tax assets in Canada, India and the Philippines. The realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of sufficient taxable income in the appropriate tax jurisdictions. The Company believes that it is more likely than not that the related deferred tax assets will not be realized.

As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, unrecognized tax benefits totaled $17,326,000, $14,590,000 and $10,682,000, respectively. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the Company’s effective income tax rate in any future periods, net of the federal benefit on state issues, was approximately $16,767,000, $14,056,000 and $10,172,000 at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company does not believe that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits related to its current uncertain tax positions will change significantly over the next 12 months.

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. In 2024, the Company recognized net interest and penalty expense of $1,261,000 compared to $435,000 of net interest and penalty expense in 2023 and $202,000 of net interest and penalty expense in 2022. At December 31, 2024 the liability for interest and penalties was $2,239,000 compared to $978,000 at December 31, 2023.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is not subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2016. Some foreign jurisdictions and various U.S. states jurisdictions may be subject to examination back to 2017 (2012 in one jurisdiction).

During 2021, the Internal Revenue Service started its audit of the 2016-2019 tax years and expanded the years under audit to 2016-2020 in 2022. As of December 31, 2024, this audit was still open. The Company has received a draft of the proposed adjustments which reflect the disallowance of certain credits for which an uncertain tax position was previously established.

Below are reconciliations of the January 1 and December 31 balances of unrecognized tax benefits for 2024, 2023 and 2022:

(In thousands)	2024			2023			2022
Unrecognized tax benefits, opening balance	$	14,590		$	10,682		$	7,292
Gross increases – tax positions in prior period		833			1,891			2,188
Gross increases – current period tax positions		2,477			2,139			1,617
Settlements/State voluntary disclosure		—			(343	)		(454	)
Foreign currency translation		(548	)		241			74
Lapse of statute of limitations		(26	)		(20	)		(35	)
Unrecognized tax benefits, ending balance	$	17,326		$	14,590		$	10,682