Intangible Assets, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Goodwill.

Intangible Assets, Net

12. Intangible Assets, Net

($ in millions)	2024		2023
Acquired customer relationships and other intangibles (net of accumulated amortization and impairment losses of $1.11 billion at December 31, 2024, and $1.06 billion at December 31, 2023)	$	1,031	$	1,197
Capitalized software (net of accumulated amortization of $168 million at December 31, 2024, and $162 million at December 31, 2023)		28		37
Other intangibles (net of accumulated amortization of $12 million at December 31, 2024, and $49 million at December 31, 2023)		21		14
	$	1,080	$	1,248

Total amortization expense of intangible assets was $151 million, $151 million and $157 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Based on intangible asset values and currency exchange rates as of December 31, 2024, total annual intangible asset amortization expense is expected to be $148 million, $144 million, $141 million, $138 million and $136 million for the years ending December 31, 2025 through 2029, respectively, and approximately $373 million combined for all years thereafter.

As discussed in Note 4, the assets of the Saudi Arabian business are presented as current assets held for sale on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2024, of which $29 million, net of accumulated amortization of $25 million, relates to acquired customer relationships.