Note 14. Equity-Based Compensation

In May 2009, our shareholders amended the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock approved for issuance for stock and stock-based awards, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, deferred stock and performance awards, from 20 million shares to 37 million shares. As of December 31, 2011, a total of 32.84 million shares had been awarded under the 2006 plan, compared with cumulative totals of 26.39 million shares and 17.59 million shares as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

In addition, up to 8 million shares from our 1997 Equity Incentive Plan were approved for issuance under the 2006 Plan. This included shares that were available for issuance when the plan expired on December 18, 2006, and any shares that subsequently become available for issuance due to cancellations and forfeitures. We have stock options outstanding from the 1997 Plan. As of December 31, 2011, all shares from the 1997 Plan have been awarded and no further grants can be made.

The exercise price of non-qualified and incentive stock options and stock appreciation rights may not be less than the fair value of such shares on the date of grant. Stock options and stock appreciation rights granted under the 1997 and 2006 plans generally vest over four years and expire no later than ten years from the date of grant. For restricted stock awards granted under the plans, common stock is issued at the time of grant and recipients have dividend and voting rights. In general, these grants vest over three to four years. For deferred stock awards granted under the plans, no common stock is issued at the time of grant and the stock does not have dividend and voting rights. Generally, these grants vest over two to four years. Performance awards granted are earned over a performance period based on the achievement of defined goals, generally over one to four years. Payment for performance awards is made in shares of our common stock equal to its fair market value per share, based on certain financial ratios, after the conclusion of each performance period.

No common stock options or stock appreciation rights were granted in 2011 or 2010. The weighted-average assumptions used in connection with the option-pricing model were as follows for options granted in 2009:


	2009
Dividend yield		4.82	%
Expected volatility		26.70
Risk-free interest rate		2.49
Expected option lives (in years)		7.8

Compensation expense related to stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, deferred stock awards and performance awards, which we record as a component of compensation and employee benefits expense in our consolidated statement of income, was $261 million, $229 million and $126 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The 2011 and 2010 expense excluded $25 million and $12 million, respectively, associated with acceleration of expense in connection with the reductions in force discussed in note 20. This expense was included in the severance-related portion of the associated restructuring charges. The aggregate income tax benefit recorded in our consolidated statement of income related to the compensation expense recorded as a component of compensation and employee benefits expense was $103 million, $95 million and $50 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

The following table presents information about the 2006 Plan and 1997 Plan as of December 31, 2011, and related activity during the years indicated:


	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions)
Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights:
Outstanding at December 31, 2009		13,167		$	51.64
Exercised		(297	)		37.53
Forfeited or expired		(1,887	)		54.76
Outstanding at December 31, 2010		10,983			51.49
Exercised		(1,028	)		40.52
Forfeited or expired		(2,246	)		50.06

Outstanding at December 31, 2011		7,709		$	53.37		3.2	$	10

Exercisable at December 31, 2011		7,221		$	53.69		2.9	$	4

The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted in 2009 was $2.96 per share. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $6 million, $2 million and $5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2011, total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to stock options and stock appreciation rights was less than $1 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted- average period of 7 months.

The following tables present activity related to other common stock awards during the years indicated:


	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted Stock Awards:
Outstanding at December 31, 2009		1,247		$	41.87
Granted		5,264			44.49
Vested		(489	)		52.87
Forfeited		(221	)		44.95
Outstanding at December 31, 2010		5,801			43.21
Vested		(1,509	)		42.96
Forfeited		(127	)		44.59
Outstanding at December 31, 2011		4,165		$	43.25

The weighted-average grant date fair value of restricted stock awards granted in 2009 was $34.58 per share. The total fair value of restricted stock awards vested was $66 million, $23 million and $20 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. As of December 31, 2011, total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to restricted stock was $101 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years.


	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Deferred Stock Awards:
Outstanding at December 31, 2009		6,573		$	51.88
Granted		2,287			42.45
Vested		(2,356	)		57.76
Forfeited		(313	)		43.13

Outstanding at December 31, 2010		6,191			46.71
Granted		5,468			41.92
Vested		(2,361	)		52.86
Forfeited		(345	)		41.99

Outstanding at December 31, 2011		8,953		$	42.34

The weighted-average grant date fair value of deferred stock awards granted in 2009 was $25.51 per share. The total fair value of deferred stock awards vested was $107 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 and $193 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. As of December 31, 2011, total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to deferred stock awards was $214 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted- average period of 2.6 years.


	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Performance Awards:
Outstanding at December 31, 2009		430		$	24.14
Granted		1,421			43.33
Forfeited		(716	)		25.72
Paid out		(15	)		64.57

Outstanding at December 31, 2010		1,120			43.89
Granted		1,906			42.28
Forfeited		(173	)		42.90
Paid out		(224	)		46.03

Outstanding at December 31, 2011		2,629		$	42.52

The weighted-average grant date fair value of performance awards granted in 2009 was $19.46 per share. The total fair value of performance awards paid out was $10 million, $12 million and $23 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. As of December 31, 2011, total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to performance awards was $29 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.

We utilize either treasury shares or authorized but unissued shares to satisfy the issuance of common stock under our equity incentive plans. We do not have a specific policy concerning purchases of our common stock to satisfy stock issuances, including exercises of stock options. We have a general policy concerning purchases of our common stock to meet issuances under our employee benefit plans, including option exercises and other corporate purposes. Various factors determine the amount and timing of our purchases of our common stock, including regulatory approvals, our regulatory capital requirements, the number of shares we expect to issue under employee benefit plans, market conditions (including the trading price of our common stock), and legal considerations. These factors can change at any time, and the number of shares of common stock we will purchase or when we will purchase them cannot be assured.