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Fair Value
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Fair Value 
Fair Value

Note 11. Fair Value

 

Fair Value Measurements  

We carry trading account assets, investment securities available for sale and various types of derivative financial instruments at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition on a recurring basis. Changes in the fair values of these financial assets and liabilities are recorded either as components of our consolidated statement of income or as components of OCI within shareholders' equity in our consolidated statement of condition.

We measure fair value for the above-described financial assets and liabilities in accordance with GAAP that governs the measurement of the fair value of financial instruments. Management believes that its valuation techniques and underlying assumptions used to measure fair value conform to the provisions of GAAP. We categorize the financial assets and liabilities that we carry at fair value based upon a prescribed three-level valuation hierarchy. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1) and the lowest priority to valuation methods using significant unobservable inputs (level 3). If the inputs used to measure a financial asset or liability cross different levels of the hierarchy, categorization is based on the lowest-level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Management's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the overall fair value measurement of a financial asset or liability requires judgment, and considers factors specific to that asset or liability. The three levels are described below.

Level 1. Financial assets and liabilities with values based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market. Fair value is measured using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical securities. Our level 1 financial assets and liabilities primarily included long and short positions in U.S. government securities and highly liquid U.S. and non-U.S. government fixed-income securities. We carry U.S. government securities in our available-for-sale portfolio in connection with our asset and liability management activities. We carry the long and short positions in highly liquid fixed-income securities in trading account assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities in connection with our trading activities. We assume these long and short positions in our role as a financial intermediary, which includes accommodating our clients' investment and risk management needs. Our level 1 financial assets also included active exchange-traded equity securities.

Level 2. Financial assets and liabilities with values based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 2 inputs include the following:

 

  a) Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

 

  b) Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets;

 

  c) Pricing models whose inputs are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and

 

  d) Pricing models whose inputs are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market information through correlation or other means for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

The fair value of the investment securities categorized in level 2 is measured primarily using information obtained from independent third parties. This third-party information is subject to review by management as part of a validation process, which includes obtaining an understanding of the underlying assumptions and the level of market participant information used to support those assumptions. In addition, management compares significant assumptions used by third parties to available market information. Such information may include known trades or, to the extent that trading activity is limited, comparisons to market research information pertaining to credit expectations, execution prices and the timing of cash flows.

The fair value of the derivative instruments categorized in level 2 predominantly represents foreign exchange contracts used in our trading activities, for which fair value is measured using discounted cash flow techniques, with inputs consisting of observable spot and forward points, as well as observable interest rate curves. With respect to derivative instruments, we evaluated the impact on valuation of the credit risk of our counterparties and our own credit risk. We considered factors such as the likelihood of default by us and our counterparties, our current and potential future net exposures and remaining maturities in determining the appropriate measurements of fair value. Valuation adjustments associated with these factors were not significant for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2011 or 2010.

Our level 2 financial assets and liabilities primarily included various types of interest-rate and foreign exchange derivative instruments, as well as trading account assets and fixed-income investment securities.

Level 3. Financial assets and liabilities with values based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable in the market and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs reflect management's judgment about the assumptions that a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability, and are based on the best available information, some of which is internally developed. The following provides a more detailed discussion of our financial assets and liabilities that we may categorize in level 3 and the related valuation methodology.

 

   

For certain investment securities available for sale, fair value was measured using information obtained from third-party sources or through the use of pricing models. Management evaluated its methodologies used to determine fair value, but considered the level of observable market information to be insufficient to categorize the securities in level 2.

 

   

Foreign exchange contracts carried in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities were primarily composed of forward contracts and options. The fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts was measured using discounted cash flow techniques. However, in certain circumstances, extrapolation was required to develop certain forward points which were not observable. The fair value of foreign exchange options was measured using an option pricing model. Because of a limited number of observable transactions, certain model inputs were unobservable, such as volatilities, and were based on historical experience.

 

   

The fair value of certain interest-rate caps with long-dated maturities, also carried in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities, was measured using a matrix pricing approach. Observable market prices were not available for these derivatives, so extrapolation was necessary to value these instruments, since they had a strike and/or maturity outside of the matrix.

 

The following tables present information with respect to our financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition as of the dates indicated. No significant transfers of financial assets or liabilities between levels 1 and 2 occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2011.

 

                                         
    Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
as of September 30, 2011
 
(In millions)   Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
    Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs
(Level 2)
    Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs
(Level 3)
    Impact  of
Netting(1)
    Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
 

Assets:

                                       

Trading account assets:

                                       

U.S. government securities

  $ 171                              $ 171   

Non-U.S. government securities

    1,582                                1,582   

Other

    45      $ 138                        183   

Investment securities available for sale:

                                       

U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:

                                       

Direct obligations

    4,141        1,202      $ 22                5,365   

Mortgage-backed securities

           26,527        1,499                28,026   

Asset-backed securities:

                                       

Student loans

           15,584        949                16,533   

Credit cards

           10,184        311                10,495   

Sub-prime

           1,486                       1,486   

Other

           605        2,733                3,338   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total asset-backed securities

           27,859        3,993                31,852   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-U.S. debt securities

           14,944        2,342                17,286   

State and political subdivisions

           6,845        51                6,896   

Collateralized mortgage obligations

           2,742        350                3,092   

Other U.S. debt securities

           3,259        2                3,261   

U.S. equity securities

           608                       608   

Non-U.S. equity securities

    8        201                       209   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total investment securities available for sale

    4,149        84,187        8,259                96,595   

Other assets:

                                       

Derivative instruments:

                                       

Foreign exchange contracts

           20,339        311                   

Interest-rate contracts

           1,443        11                   

Other

           2                          
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

                 

Total derivative instruments

           21,784        322      $ (10,743     11,363   

Other

    148                             148   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets carried at fair value

  $ 6,095      $ 106,109      $ 8,581      $ (10,743   $ 110,042   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities:

                                       

Accrued expenses and other liabilities:

                                       

Trading account liabilities:

                                       

U.S. government securities

  $ 35                              $ 35   

Non-U.S. government securities

    1,661                                1,661   

Derivative instruments:

                                       

Foreign exchange contracts

         $ 20,878      $ 298                   

Interest-rate contracts

           1,692        23                   

Other

           1                          
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

                 

Total derivative instruments

           22,571        321      $ (10,743     12,149   

Other

    148        1        11               160   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities carried at fair value

  $ 1,844      $ 22,572      $ 332      $ (10,743   $ 14,005   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

                                         
    Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
as of December 31, 2010
 
(In millions)   Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
    Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs

(Level 2)
    Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs

(Level 3)
    Impact  of
Netting(1)
    Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
 

Assets:

                                       

Trading account assets:

                                       

U.S. government securities

  $ 20                              $ 20   

Non-U.S. government securities

    297                                297   

Other

    40      $ 122                        162   

Investment securities available for sale:

                                       

U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:

                                       

Direct obligations

    6,529        1,048                        7,577   

Mortgage-backed securities

           22,967      $ 673                23,640   

Asset-backed securities:

                                       

Student loans

           13,181        1,234                14,415   

Credit cards

           7,560        43                7,603   

Sub-prime

           1,818                       1,818   

Other

           569        2,000                2,569   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

           

 

 

 

Total asset-backed securities

           23,128        3,277                26,405   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

           

 

 

 

Non-U.S. debt securities

           10,872        1,145                12,017   

State and political subdivisions

           6,554        50                6,604   

Collateralized mortgage obligations

           1,502        359                1,861   

Other U.S. debt securities

           2,533        3                2,536   

U.S. equity securities

           1,115                       1,115   

Non-U.S. equity securities

    7        119                       126   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

           

 

 

 

Total investment securities available for sale

    6,536        69,838        5,507                81,881   

Other assets:

                                       

Derivatives instruments:

                                       

Foreign exchange contracts

           7,804        254                   

Interest-rate contracts

           165                          

Other

           2                          
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

                 

Total derivative instruments

           7,971        254      $ (2,970     5,255   

Other

    168                             168   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets carried at fair value

  $ 7,061      $ 77,931      $ 5,761      $ (2,970   $ 87,783   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities:

                                       

Accrued expenses and other liabilities:

                                       

Trading account liabilities:

                                       

U.S. government securities

  $ 210                              $ 210   

Non-U.S. government securities

    345                                345   

Derivative instruments:

                                       

Foreign exchange contracts

         $ 8,195      $ 260                   

Interest-rate contracts

    1        358        9                   

Other

           1                          
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

                 

Total derivative instruments

    1        8,554        269      $ (2,970     5,854   

Other

    168        3                      171   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities carried at fair value

  $ 724      $ 8,557      $ 269      $ (2,970   $ 6,580   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Represents counterparty netting against level 2 financial assets and liabilities, where a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between State Street and the counterparty. This netting cannot be disaggregated by type of derivative instrument.

 

The following tables present activity related to our financial assets and liabilities categorized in level 3 of the valuation hierarchy during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010. Transfers into and out of level 3 are reported as of the beginning of the period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, transfers out of level 3 were substantially related to certain mortgage- or asset-backed securities and non-U.S. debt securities, for which fair value was measured using prices for which observable market information became available.

 

                                                                                         
    Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Three Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
    Fair
Value at
June 30,
2011
    Transfers
into
Level 3
    Transfers
out of
Level 3
    Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
    Purchases     Issuances     Sales     Settlements     Fair
Value at
September 30,
2011
    Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
September 30,
2011
 
(In millions)         Recorded
in
Revenue
    Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
             

Assets:

                                                                                       

Investment securities available for sale:

                                                                                       

U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:

                                                                                       

Direct obligations

  $ 17              $ (17                   $ 22                              $ 22           

Mortgage-backed securities

    932                             $ 2       590                      $ (25     1,499           

Asset-backed securities:

                                                                                       

Student loans

    1,289                (379   $ (1     (6                            46        949           

Credit cards

    79                (20     2               250                               311           

Other

    2,530                       5        (34     267              $ (37     2        2,733           
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

         

Total asset-backed securities

    3,898                (399     6        (40     517                (37     48        3,993           
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

         

Non-U.S. debt securities

    2,116                (609            (4     894                (3     (52     2,342           

State and political subdivisions

    54                (2            (1                                  51           

Collateralized mortgage obligations

    173                (31     31        (1     216                       (38     350           

Other U.S. debt securities

    2                                                                  2           
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

         

Total investment securities available for sale

    7,192                (1,058     37        (44     2,239                (40     (67     8,259           

Other assets:

                                                                                       

Derivative instruments:

                                                                                       

Foreign exchange contracts

    201                       54               173                       (117     311      $ 59   

Interest-rate contracts

    8                                     4                (1            11        2   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivative instruments

    209                       54               177                (1     (117     322        61   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets carried at fair value

  $ 7,401             $ (1,058   $ 91      $ (44   $ 2,416             $ (41   $ (184   $ 8,581      $ 61   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

                                                                                         
    Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Three Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
    Fair
Value at
June 30,
2011
    Transfers
into
Level 3
    Transfers
out of
Level 3
    Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
    Purchases     Issuances     Sales     Settlements     Fair
Value at
September 30,
2011
    Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
September 30,
2011
 
(In millions)         Recorded
in
Revenue
    Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
             

Liabilities:

                                                                                       

Accrued expenses and other liabilities:

                                                                                       

Derivative instruments:

                                                                                       

Foreign exchange contracts

  $ 203                      $ 42                      $ 170              $ (117   $ 298      $ 51   

Interest-rate contracts

    25                                     $ (1     15      $ (16            23        10   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivative instruments

    228                        42                (1     185        (16     (117     321        61   

Other

    11                                                                   11          
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities carried at fair value

  $ 239                    $ 42             $ (1   $ 185      $ (16   $ (117   $ 332      $ 61   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

                                                                                         
    Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
    Fair
Value at
December 31,
2010
    Transfers
into
Level 3
    Transfers
out of
Level 3
    Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
    Purchases     Issuances     Sales     Settlements     Fair
Value at
September 30,
2011
    Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
September 30,
2011
 
(in millions)         Recorded
in
Revenue
    Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
             

Assets:

                                                                                       

Investment securities available for sale:

                                                                                       

U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:

                                                                                       

Direct obligations

                  $ (17                   $ 39                              $ 22           

Mortgage-backed securities

  $ 673                (404           $ 3        1,289                      $ (62     1,499           

Asset-backed securities:

                                                                                       

Student loans

    1,234                (720   $ 2        (6     421                        18        949           

Credit cards

    43                (35     3        (2     301                        1        311           

Other

    2,000      $ 114        (135     22        14        837              $ (37     (82     2,733           
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

         

Total asset-backed securities

    3,277        114        (890     27        6        1,559                (37     (63     3,993           
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

         

Non-U.S. debt securities

    1,145               (1,432     1        8        2,799                (3     (176     2,342           

State and political subdivisions

    50        1        (3                   3                              51           

Collateralized mortgage obligations

    359               (359     363        (2     381                       (392     350           

Other U.S. debt securities

    3                                                          (1     2           
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

         

Total investment securities available for sale

    5,507        115        (3,105     391        15        6,070                (40     (694     8,259           

Other assets:

                                                                                       

Derivative instruments:

                                                                                       

Foreign exchange contracts

    254                      (15            256                       (184     311      $ 40   

Interest-rate contracts

                         5               10                (4            11        9   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivative instruments

    254                      (10            266                (4     (184     322        49   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets carried at fair value

  $ 5,761      $ 115      $ (3,105   $ 381      $ 15      $ 6,336             $ (44   $ (878   $ 8,581      $ 49   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

                                                                                         
    Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
    Fair
Value at
December 31,
2010
    Transfers
into
Level 3
    Transfers
out of
Level 3
    Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
    Purchases     Issuances     Sales     Settlements     Fair
Value at
September 30,
2011
    Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
September
30,
2011
 
(In millions)         Recorded
in
Revenue
    Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
             

Liabilities:

                                                                                       

Accrued expenses and other liabilities:

                                                                                       

Derivative instruments:

                                                                                       

Foreign exchange contracts

  $ 260                      $ (21                   $ 247              $ (188   $ 298      $ 32   

Interest-rate contracts

    9                        10              $ (5     29      $ (20            23        10   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivative instruments

    269                        (11             (5     276        (20     (188     321        42   

Other

                                                 11                      11          
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities carried at fair value

  $ 269                    $ (11          $ (5   $ 287      $ (20   $ (188   $ 332      $ 42   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

                                                         
    Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Three Months Ended September 30, 2010
 
    Fair Value at
June 30,
2010
    Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
    Purchases,
Issuances
and
Settlements,
Net
    Transfers
Into and/or
Out of
Level 3
    Fair Value at
September
30,
2010
    Change in
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
September 30,
2010
 
(In millions)     Recorded
in
Revenue
    Recorded in
Other
Comprehensive
Income
         

Assets:

                                                       

Investment securities available for sale:

                                                       

U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:

                                                       

Mortgage-backed securities

  $ 43                              $ (42   $ 1           

Asset-backed securities:

                                                       

Student loans

    2,229      $ 3      $ 5      $ 17        (659     1,595           

Credit cards

    91        1               (52            40           

Sub-prime

    4                             (4               

Other

    1,069        (2     2        (56     (141     872           
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

         

Total asset-backed securities

    3,393        2        7        (91     (804     2,507           
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

         

Non-U.S. debt securities

    2,659        28        (10     1,175        (459     3,393           

State and political subdivisions

    3                             1        4           

Collateralized mortgage obligations

    424               2        80               506           

Other U.S. debt securities

    3                                    3           
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

         

Total investment securities available for sale

    6,525        30        (1     1,164        (1,304     6,414           

Other assets:

                                                       

Derivative instruments - foreign exchange contracts

    307        (55            127               379      $ (13
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

  $ 6,832      $ (25   $ (1   $ 1,291      $ (1,304   $ 6,793      $ (13
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

                                                         
    Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Three Months Ended September 30, 2010
 
    Fair Value at
June 30,
2010
    Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
    Purchases,
Issuances
and
Settlements,
Net
    Transfers
Into and/
or
Out of
Level 3
    Fair Value at
September
30,
2010
    Change in
Unrealized
(Gains) Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
September 30,
2010
 
(In millions)     Recorded
in
Revenue
    Recorded in
Other
Comprehensive
Income
         

Liabilities:

                                                       

Accrued expenses and other liabilities:

                                                       

Derivative instruments:

                                                       

Foreign exchange contracts

  $ 275      $ (51           $ 129              $ 353      $ (22

Interest-rate contracts

    9                                      9          
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivative instruments

    284        (51             129                362        (22
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities carried at fair value

  $ 284      $ (51          $ 129             $ 362      $ (22
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

                                                         
    Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010
 
(In millions)   Fair Value at
December 31,
2009
    Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
    Purchases,
Issuances
and
Settlements,
Net
    Transfers
Into and/or
Out of
Level 3
    Fair Value at
September 30,
2010
    Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
September 30,
2010
 
    Recorded
in
Revenue
    Recorded in
Other
Comprehensive
Income
         

Assets:

                                                       

Investment securities available for sale:

                                                       

U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:

                                                       

Mortgage-backed securities

  $ 58      $ (1   $ (1   $ (13   $ (42   $ 1           

Asset-backed securities:

                                                       

Student loans

    3,111        8        76        (19     (1,581     1,595           

Credit cards

    312        15        (15     (33     (239     40           

Sub-prime

    3        1                      (4               

Other

    1,134        37        45        (102     (242     872           
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

         

Total asset-backed securities

    4,560        61        106        (154     (2,066     2,507           
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

         

Non-U.S. debt securities

    2,606        103        138        1,122        (576     3,393           

State and political subdivisions

    2                             2        4           

Collateralized mortgage obligations

    199        (208     5        510               506           

Other U.S. debt securities

    3                                    3           
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

         

Total investment securities available for sale

    7,428        (45     248        1,465        (2,682     6,414           

Other assets:

                                                       

Derivative instruments-foreign exchange contracts

    128        (19            270               379      $ (17
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

  $ 7,556      $ (64   $ 248      $ 1,735      $ (2,682   $ 6,793      $ (17
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

                                                         
    Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010
 
    Fair Value at
December 31,
2009
    Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
    Purchases,
Issuances
and
Settlements,
Net
    Transfers
Into and/or
Out of
Level 3
    Fair Value at
September 30,
2010
    Change in
Unrealized
(Gains) Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
September 30,
2010
 
(In millions)     Recorded
in
Revenue
    Recorded in
Other
Comprehensive
Income
         

Liabilities:

                                                       

Accrued expenses and other liabilities:

                                                       

Derivative instruments:

                                                       

Foreign exchange contracts

  $ 138      $ (55           $ 270              $ 353      $ (35

Interest-rate contracts

    9                                      9          
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivative instruments

    147        (55             270                362        (35
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities carried at fair value

  $ 147      $ (55          $ 270             $ 362      $ (35
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

For our financial assets and liabilities categorized in level 3, total realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded during the periods indicated were recorded in revenue as follows:

 

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

         Estimates of fair value for financial instruments not carried at fair value on a recurring basis in our consolidated statement of condition, as defined by GAAP, are generally subjective in nature, and are made as of a specific point in time based on the characteristics of the financial instruments and relevant market information. Disclosure of fair value estimates is not required by GAAP for certain items, such as lease financing, equity method investments, obligations for pension and other post-retirement plans, premises and equipment, other intangible assets and income tax assets and liabilities. Accordingly, aggregate fair value estimates presented do not purport to represent, and should not be considered representative of, our underlying "market" or franchise value. In addition, because of potential differences in methodologies and assumptions used to estimate fair values, our estimates of fair value should not be compared to those of other financial institutions.

We use the following methods to estimate the fair values of our financial instruments:

 

   

For financial instruments that have quoted market prices, those quoted prices are used to estimate fair value.

 

   

Financial instruments that have no defined maturity, have a remaining maturity of 180 days or less, or reprice frequently to a market rate are assumed to have a fair value that approximates their reported value, after taking into consideration any applicable credit risk.

 

   

For financial instruments for which no quoted market prices are available, fair value is estimated using information obtained from independent third parties, or by discounting the expected cash flows using an estimated current market interest rate for the financial instrument.

The generally short duration of certain of our assets and liabilities results in a significant number of financial instruments for which fair value equals or closely approximates the amount reported in our consolidated statement of condition. These financial instruments are reported in the following captions in our consolidated statement of condition: cash and due from banks; interest-bearing deposits with banks; securities purchased under resale agreements; accrued income receivable; deposits; securities sold under repurchase agreements; federal funds purchased; and other short-term borrowings. In addition, due to the relatively short duration of certain of our net loans (excluding leases), we consider fair value for these loans to approximate their reported value. The fair value of other types of loans, such as purchased receivables and CRE loans, is estimated by discounting expected future cash flows using current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings for the same remaining maturities. Loan commitments have no reported value because terms are at prevailing market rates.

The following table presents the reported amounts and estimated fair values of the financial instruments defined by GAAP, excluding the aforementioned short-term financial instruments and financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis, as of the dates indicated:

 

                 
(In millions)    Reported
Amount
     Fair
Value
 

September 30, 2011:

                 

Financial Assets:

                 

Investment securities held to maturity

   $ 10,018       $ 10,102   

Net loans (excluding leases)

     10,462         10,429   
     

Financial Liabilities:

                 

Long-term debt

     8,112         8,207   
     

December 31, 2010:

                 

Financial Assets:

                 

Investment securities held to maturity

   $ 12,249       $ 12,576   

Net loans (excluding leases)

     10,387         10,242   
     

Financial Liabilities:

                 

Long-term debt

     8,550         8,498