stt-20240331

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

Form 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-07511

STATE STREET CORPORATION

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

04-2456637

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One Congress Street

Boston,

02114

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(617)

786-3000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $1 par value per share

STT

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/4,000th ownership interest in a share of

STT.PRG

New York Stock Exchange

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series G, without par value per share

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of April 30, 2024 was 301,258,872.

STATE STREET CORPORATION

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED

March 31, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page

PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	4
	General	4
	Overview of Financial Results	8
	Consolidated Results of Operations	10
	Total Revenue	10
	Net Interest Income	18
	Provision for Credit Losses	21
	Expenses	21

	Repositioning Charges	22
	Income Tax Expense	22
	Line of Business Information	22
	Investment Servicing	23
	Investment Management	23
	Financial Condition	24
	Investment Securities	25
	Loans	27

	Risk Management	28
	Credit Risk Management	28
	Liquidity Risk Management	29
	Operational Risk Management	33
	Information Technology Risk Management	33
	Market Risk Management	33
	Model Risk Management	37
	Strategic Risk Management	37
	Capital	38
	Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements	45
	Other Matters	46
	Recent Accounting Developments	46
	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47
	Controls and Procedures	47
	Consolidated Financial Statements	48
	Consolidated Statement of Income (unaudited)	48
	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)	49
	Consolidated Statement of Condition	50
	Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (unaudited)	51
	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)	52
	Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	53
	Note 2. Fair Value	54
	Note 3. Investment Securities	57
	Note 4. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses	60
	Note 5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	65
	Note 6. Other Assets	65

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	Note 7. Derivative Financial Instruments	66
	Note 8. Offsetting Arrangements	69
	Note 9. Commitments and Guarantees	72
	Note 10. Contingencies	72
	Note 11. Variable Interest Entities	74
	Note 12. Shareholders' Equity	75
	Note 13. Regulatory Capital	77
	Note 14. Net Interest Income	78
	Note 15. Expenses	78
	Note 16. Earnings Per Common Share	79
	Note 17. Line of Business Information	79
	Note 18. Revenue from Contracts with Customers	80
	Note 19. Non-U.S. Activities	81
	Review Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	82

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	85
Item 5	Other Information	85
Item 6	Exhibits	86
	Signatures	87

We use acronyms and other defined terms for certain business terms and abbreviations, as defined in the acronyms list and glossary following the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

GENERAL

State Street Corporation is one of the world’s largest providers of financial services to institutional investors. Our clients - asset managers and owners, insurance companies, official institutions, and central banks - rely on us to deliver solutions that support their goals across the investment life cycle.

State Street Corporation, referred to as the Parent Company, is a financial holding company organized in 1969 under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Parent Company is a source of financial and managerial strength to our subsidiaries. Through our subsidiaries, including our principal banking subsidiary, State Street Bank and Trust Company, referred to as State Street Bank, we operate in more than 100 geographic markets worldwide, including in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. We provide a broad range of financial products and services to institutional investors worldwide, with $43.91 trillion of AUC/A and $4.34 trillion of AUM as of March 31, 2024.

As of March 31, 2024, we had consolidated total assets of $338.00 billion, consolidated total deposits of $251.88 billion, consolidated total shareholders' equity of $24.43 billion and approximately 46,000 employees.

Our operations are organized into two lines of business, Investment Servicing and Investment Management, which are defined based on products and services provided.

Additional information about our lines of business is provided in Line of Business Information in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 (Form 10-Q).

Our executive offices are located at One Congress Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 (telephone (617) 786-3000). For purposes of this Form 10-Q, unless the context requires otherwise, references to "State Street," "we," "us," "our" or similar terms mean State Street Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

This Management's Discussion and Analysis is part of this Form 10-Q and updates the Management's Discussion and Analysis in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 previously filed with the SEC (2023 Form 10-K). The financial information contained in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial and other

information contained in our 2023 Form 10-K. Certain previously reported amounts presented in this Form 10-Q have been reclassified to conform to current-period presentation.

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in its application of certain accounting policies that materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses.

The significant accounting policies that require us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that are difficult, subjective or complex, about matters that are uncertain and may change in subsequent periods include:

•Recurring fair value measurements;

•Allowance for credit losses;

•Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets; and

•Contingencies.

These significant accounting policies require the most subjective or complex judgments, and underlying estimates and assumptions could be subject to revision as new information becomes available. For additional information about these significant accounting policies refer to pages 122 to 124, “Significant Accounting Estimates” included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in our 2023 Form 10-K. We did not change these significant accounting policies in the first three months of 2024.

Certain financial information provided in this Form 10-Q, including this Management's Discussion and Analysis, is presented using both a U.S. GAAP, or reported basis, and a non-GAAP basis, including certain non-GAAP measures used in the calculation of identified regulatory ratios. We measure and compare certain financial information on a non-GAAP basis, including information that management uses in evaluating our business and activities. Non-GAAP financial information should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or as superior to, financial information prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Any non-GAAP financial information presented in this Form 10-Q, including this Management’s Discussion and Analysis, is reconciled to its most directly comparable currently applicable regulatory ratio or U.S. GAAP-basis measure. As part of our non-GAAP-basis measures, we present a fully

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

taxable-equivalent NII that reports non-taxable revenue, such as interest income associated with tax-exempt investment securities, on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, which we believe facilitates an investor's understanding and analysis of our underlying financial performance and trends.

We provide additional disclosures required by applicable bank regulatory standards, including supplemental qualitative and quantitative information with respect to regulatory capital (including market risk associated with our trading activities), the LCR and NSFR, summary results of annual State Street-run stress tests which we conduct under the Dodd-Frank Act, and recovery and resolution plan disclosures. These additional disclosures are accessible on the "Filings & reports" tab of our website at investors.statestreet.com.

We have included our website address in this report as an inactive textual reference only. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q.

We use acronyms and other defined terms for certain business terms and abbreviations, as defined in the acronyms list and glossary following the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Form 10-Q, as well as other reports and proxy materials submitted by us under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, registration statements filed by us under the Securities Act of 1933, our annual report to shareholders and other public statements we may make, may contain statements (including statements in our Management's Discussion and Analysis included in such reports, as applicable) that are considered “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of U.S. securities laws, including statements about our goals and expectations regarding our business, financial and capital condition, results of operations, strategies, cost savings and transformation initiatives, investment portfolio performance, climate, dividend and stock purchase programs, acquisitions, outcomes of legal proceedings, market growth, joint ventures and divestitures, client growth, new technologies, services and opportunities, sustainability and impact, human capital, as well as industry, governmental, regulatory, economic and market trends, initiatives and developments, the business environment and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts.

Terminology such as “expect,” “outlook,” “will,” “goal,” “target,” “strategy,” “may,” “estimate,” “plan,” “intend,” “objective,” “forecast,” “believe,” “priority,” “anticipate,” “seek,” and “trend,” or similar statements or variations of such terms, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such terms.

Forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, which change over time, are based on management's expectations and assumptions at the time the statements are made and are not guarantees of future results. Management's expectations and assumptions, and the continued validity of the forward-looking statements, are subject to change due to a broad range of factors affecting the U.S. and global economies, regulatory environment and the equity, debt, currency and other financial markets, as well as factors specific to State Street and its subsidiaries, including State Street Bank. Factors that could cause changes in the expectations or assumptions on which forward-looking statements are based cannot be foreseen with certainty and include, but are not limited to:

Strategic Risks

•We are subject to intense competition, which could negatively affect our profitability;

•We are subject to significant pricing pressure and variability in our financial results and our AUC/A and AUM;

•Our development and completion of new products and services, including State Street Alpha® and those related to digital assets and artificial intelligence, may impose costs on us, involve dependencies on third parties and may expose us to increased operational, model and other risks;

•Acquisitions, strategic alliances, joint ventures and divestitures, and the integration, retention and development of the benefits of these transactions, including the consolidation of our operations joint ventures in India, pose risks for our business; and

•Competition for qualified members of our workforce is intense, and we may not be able to attract and retain the highly skilled people we need to support our business.

Financial Market Risks

•We could be adversely affected by political, geopolitical, economic and market conditions, including, for example, as a result of liquidity or capital deficiencies (actual or perceived) by other financial institutions and related market and government actions, the Israel-Hamas war and hostilities between Iran and Israel, ongoing war in Ukraine, major political elections globally, actions taken by central banks to address inflationary and growth pressures, monetary policy tightening, periods of significant volatility in valuations and liquidity or other disruptions in the markets for equity, fixed income and other

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

assets classes globally or within specific markets;

•We have significant global operations and clients that can be adversely impacted by disruptions in key global economies, including local, regional and geopolitical developments affecting those economies;

•Our investment securities portfolio, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations could be adversely affected by changes in the financial markets, governmental action or monetary policy. For example, among other risks, increases in prevailing interest rates or market conditions have led, and were they to occur in the future could further lead, to reduced levels of client deposits and resulting decreases in our NII or to portfolio management decisions resulting in reductions in our capital or liquidity ratios;

•Our business activities expose us to interest rate risk;

•We assume significant credit risk of counterparties, who may also have substantial financial dependencies on other financial institutions, and these credit exposures and concentrations could expose us to financial loss;

•Our fee revenue represents a significant portion of our revenue and is subject to decline based on, among other factors, market and currency declines, investment activities and preferences of our clients and their business mix;

•If we are unable to effectively manage our capital and liquidity, our financial condition, capital ratios, results of operations and business prospects could be adversely affected;

•Our calculations of risk exposures, total RWA and capital ratios depend on data inputs, formulae, models, correlations and assumptions that are subject to change, which could materially impact our risk exposures, our total RWA and our capital ratios from period to period;

•We may need to raise additional capital or debt in the future, which may not be available to us or may only be available on unfavorable terms; and

•If we experience a downgrade in our credit ratings, or an actual or perceived reduction in our financial strength, our borrowing and capital costs, liquidity and reputation could be adversely affected.

Compliance and Regulatory Risks

•Our business and capital-related activities, including common share repurchases, may be adversely affected by regulatory requirements and considerations, including capital, credit and liquidity;

•We face extensive and changing government regulation and supervision in the jurisdictions in which we operate, which may increase our costs and compliance risks and may affect our business activities and strategies;

•Our businesses may be adversely affected by government enforcement and litigation;

•Our businesses may be adversely affected by increased and conflicting political and regulatory scrutiny of asset management stewardship and corporate sustainability or Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) practices;

•Any misappropriation of the confidential information we possess could have an adverse impact on our business and could subject us to regulatory actions, litigation and other adverse effects;

•Changes in accounting standards may adversely affect our consolidated results of operations and financial condition;

•Changes in tax laws, rules or regulations, challenges to our tax positions and changes in the composition of our pre-tax earnings may increase our effective tax rate;

•We could face liabilities for withholding and other non-income taxes, including in connection with our services to clients, as a result of tax authority examinations; and

•Our businesses may be negatively affected by adverse publicity or other reputational harm.

Operational and Technology Risks

Our internal control environment may be inadequate, fail or be circumvented, and actual results may differ from those expressed as a result of a number of factors, including the manifestation of operational risk as follows:

•Our business may be negatively affected by our failure to update and maintain our technology infrastructure, or otherwise meet the increasing resiliency expectations of our clients and regulators, or as a result of a cyber-attack or similar vulnerability in our or business partners' infrastructure;

•Our risk management framework, models and processes may not be effective in identifying or mitigating risk and reducing the

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

potential for related losses, and a failure or circumvention of our controls and procedures, or errors or delays in our operational and transaction processing, or those of third parties, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and reputation;

•Shifting and maintaining operational activities to non-U.S. jurisdictions, changing our operating model, including by consolidating our operations joint ventures in India, and outsourcing to, or insourcing from, third parties expose us to increased operational risk, geopolitical risk and reputational harm and may not result in expected cost savings or operational improvements;

•Attacks or unauthorized access to our or our business partners' or clients' information technology systems or facilities, such as cyber-attacks or other disruptions to our or their operations, could result in significant costs, reputational damage and impacts on our business activities;

•Long-term contracts and customizing service delivery for clients expose us to increased operational risk, pricing and performance risk;

•We may not be able to protect our intellectual property or may infringe upon the rights of third parties;

•The quantitative models we use to manage our business may contain errors that could adversely impact our business, financial condition, operating results and regulatory compliance;

•Our reputation and business prospects may be damaged if investors in the collective investment pools we sponsor or manage incur substantial losses in these investment pools or are restricted in redeeming their interests in these investment pools;

•The impacts of climate change, and regulatory responses, and disclosure requirements related to such risks, could adversely affect us; and

•We may incur losses or face negative impacts on our business as a result of unforeseen events including terrorist attacks, natural disasters, climate change, pandemics, global conflicts, an abrupt banking crisis and other geopolitical events which may have a negative impact on our business and operations.

Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed in our forward-looking statements and from our historical financial results

due to the factors discussed in this section and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q or disclosed in our other SEC filings. Forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q should not be relied on as representing our expectations or assumptions as of any time subsequent to the time this Form 10-Q is filed with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to revise our forward-looking statements after the time they are made. The factors discussed herein are not intended to be a complete statement of all risks and uncertainties that may affect our businesses. We cannot anticipate all developments that may adversely affect our business or operations or our consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Forward-looking statements should not be viewed as predictions and should not be the primary basis on which investors evaluate State Street. Any investor in State Street should consider all risks and uncertainties disclosed in our SEC filings, including our filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in particular our annual reports on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and our current reports on Form 8-K, and our registration statements filed under the Securities Act of 1933, all of which are accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov or on the "Filings & reports" tab of our website at investors.statestreet.com.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL RESULTS


TABLE 1: OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL RESULTS
	Three Months Ended March 31,						% Change
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	2024			2023
Total fee revenue	$	2,422		$	2,335		4	%
Net interest income	716			766			(7)

Total revenue	3,138			3,101			1

Provision for credit losses	27			44			(39)
Total expenses	2,513			2,369			6
Income before income tax expense	598			688			(13)
Income tax expense	135			139			(3)

Net income	$	463		$	549		(16)
Adjustments to net income:
Dividends on preferred stock(1)	$	(45)		$	(23)		96
Earnings allocated to participating securities(2)	—			(1)			nm

Net income available to common shareholders	$	418		$	525		(20)
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	1.38		$	1.54		(10)
Diluted	1.37			1.52			(10)
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):
Basic	301,991			341,106			(11)
Diluted	305,943			345,472			(11)
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.69		$	0.63		10
Return on average common equity	7.7		%	9.3		%	(160)		bps
Pre-tax margin	19.1			22.2			(310)

(1) Additional information about our preferred stock dividends is provided in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

(2) Represents the portion of net income available to common equity allocated to participating securities, composed of unvested and fully vested SERP (supplemental executive retirement plans) shares and fully vested deferred director stock awards, which are equity-based awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends, and are considered to participate with the common stock in undistributed earnings.

nm Not meaningful

The following “Financial Results and Highlights” section provides information related to significant events, as well as highlights of our consolidated financial results for the first quarter of 2024 presented in Table 1: Overview of Financial Results. More detailed information about our consolidated financial results, including the comparison of our financial results for the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023, is provided under “Consolidated Results of Operations”, "Line of Business Information" and "Capital" which follows these sections, as well as in our consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q. In this Management’s Discussion and Analysis, where we describe the effects of changes in foreign currency translation, those effects are determined by applying applicable weighted average FX rates from the relevant 2023 period to the relevant 2024 period results.

Financial Results and Highlights

First quarter of 2024 financial performance

•Earnings per share (EPS) of $1.37, in the first quarter of 2024, decreased 10% as compared to the same period of 2023, primarily reflecting a $130 million increase to the FDIC special assessment which decreased EPS by $0.32 in the first quarter of 2024.

•Total revenue increased 1% in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023, as higher fee revenue was partially offset by lower NII.

•Total expenses increased 6% in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023, with approximately 5% points of that increase due to the increase to the FDIC special assessment, and the remainder driven by continued business investments, largely offset by productivity savings.

•Return on equity was 7.7% in the first quarter of 2024, a decrease from 9.3% in the same period of 2023, primarily reflecting the increase to the FDIC special assessment which contributed 1.8% points to the decrease. Pre-tax margin of 19.1% in the first quarter of 2024 decreased from 22.2% in the same period of 2023, primarily due to the increase to the FDIC special assessment.

•Operating leverage was (4.9)% points in the first quarter of 2024, largely due to the increase to the FDIC special assessment which decreased operating leverage by 5.5% points in the first quarter of 2024. Operating leverage represents the difference between the percentage change in total revenue and the percentage change in total expenses, in each case relative to the same period of the prior year.

•Fee operating leverage was (2.4)% points in the first quarter of 2024. The increase to the FDIC special assessment decreased fee operating leverage by 5.5% in the first quarter of 2024. Fee operating leverage represents the difference between the percentage change in total fee revenue and the percentage change in total expenses, in each case relative to the same period of the prior year.

•We returned a total of approximately $308 million to our shareholders in the form of common share repurchases and common stock dividends.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Revenue

•Total fee revenue increased 4% in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023, reflecting higher management fees, software and processing fees, servicing fees and other fee revenue, partially offset by lower securities finance and FX trading services revenue.

•Servicing fee revenue increased 1% in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023, primarily driven by higher average market levels, partially offset by pricing headwinds, lower client activity and adjustments, including changes in client asset mix, and a previously disclosed client transition.

•Management fee revenue increased 12% in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023, as higher average market levels and net inflows from prior periods were partially offset by the impact of a previously disclosed strategic ETF product suite repricing initiative.

•Foreign exchange trading services revenue decreased 3% in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023, primarily due to lower spreads associated with subdued market volatility, partially offset by higher client FX volumes.

•Securities finance revenue decreased 12% in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023, largely driven by lower agency balances and lower spreads primarily due to muted industry specials activity.

•Software and processing fees revenue increased 25% in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023, primarily driven by higher front office software and data revenue associated with CRD.

•Other fee revenue increased $5 million in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023.

•NII decreased 7% in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023, primarily due to deposit mix shift towards interest-bearing deposits and lower average non-interest-bearing deposit balances, partially offset by the impact of higher average interest rates, client lending growth and investment portfolio positions.

Provision for Credit Losses

•In the first quarter of 2024, we recorded a $27 million provision for credit losses, primarily reflecting an increase in loan loss reserves associated with certain commercial

real estate loans. The provision in the first quarter of 2023 was $44 million which included an episodic provision of $29 million associated with industry support for a U.S. financial institution.

Expenses

Notable items

•First quarter of 2024 other expenses included a $130 million increase to the FDIC special assessment recorded in the fourth quarter of 2023, primarily related to the increase to the FDIC’s estimate of losses to the DIF associated with the closures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank.

•There were no notable items in the first quarter of 2023.

AUC/A and AUM

•AUC/A of $43.91 trillion as of March 31, 2024, increased 17% compared to March 31, 2023, primarily due to higher quarter-end market levels and net new business. In the first quarter of 2024, newly announced asset servicing mandates totaled approximately $474 billion of AUC/A. We onboarded approximately $203 billion of AUC/A during the first quarter of 2024. Servicing assets remaining to be installed in future periods totaled approximately $2.58 trillion of AUC/A as of March 31, 2024.

•AUM of $4.3 trillion as of March 31, 2024, increased 20% compared to March 31, 2023, primarily due to higher quarter-end market levels and net inflows.

Capital

•In the first quarter of 2024, we returned a total of approximately $308 million to our shareholders in the form of common share repurchases and common stock dividends.

◦We declared aggregate common stock dividends of $0.69 per share, totaling $208 million in the first quarter of 2024, compared to $0.63 per share, totaling $212 million in the same period of 2023, representing an increase of approximately 10% on a per share basis.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

◦In the first quarter of 2024, we acquired an aggregate of 1.4 million shares of common stock at an average per share cost of $73.24 and an aggregate cost of approximately $100 million. These purchases were all conducted under the share repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors in January 2024.

•Our standardized CET1 capital ratio decreased to 11.1% as of March 31, 2024, compared to 11.6% as of December 31, 2023, primarily driven by the expected normalization of RWA as of March 31, 2024. Our Tier 1 leverage ratio decreased to 5.4% as of March 31, 2024, compared to 5.5% as of December 31, 2023, primarily due to higher consolidated average assets reflecting higher client deposits and an increase in wholesale funding, partially offset by the net issuance of preferred stock. Given the current global economic environment, and our plans for capital distributions, we currently expect our CET1 capital ratio and Tier 1 leverage ratio to remain within or above our target ranges of 10-11% and 5.25-5.75%, respectively.

•On January 31, 2024, we issued 1.5 million depositary shares, each representing 1/100th ownership interest in shares of fixed-to-floating rate, non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series I, without par value per share, with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), and an initial dividend rate of 6.700% per annum, in a public offering. The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $1.5 billion.

•On March 15, 2024, we redeemed an aggregate $1.0 billion, or all 7,500 outstanding shares, of our non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series D, for a cash redemption price of $100,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depository share) and all 2,500 of the outstanding shares of our noncumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series F, for a cash redemption price of $100,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), plus all declared and unpaid dividends.

Debt Issuances

•On March 18, 2024, we issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 4.993% fixed rate senior notes due 2027.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This section discusses our consolidated results of operations for the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Total Revenue


TABLE 2: TOTAL REVENUE
	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
(Dollars in millions)	2024		2023
Fee revenue:
Back office services	$	1,136	$	1,131		—	%
Middle office services	92		86			7
Servicing fees	1,228		1,217			1
Management fees	510		457			12
Foreign exchange trading services	331		342			(3)
Securities finance	96		109			(12)
Front office software and data	144		109			32
Lending related and other fees	63		56			13
Software and processing fees	207		165			25
Other fee revenue	50		45			11
Total fee revenue	2,422		2,335			4
Net interest income:
Interest income	2,889		2,027			43
Interest expense	2,173		1,261			72
Net interest income	716		766			(7)




Total revenue	$	3,138	$	3,101		1

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Fee Revenue

Table 2: Total Revenue, provides the breakout of fee revenue for the first quarter of 2024 and 2023. Servicing and management fees collectively made up approximately 72% of the total fee revenue in both the first quarter of 2024 and 2023.

Servicing Fee Revenue

Servicing fees, as presented in Table 2: Total Revenue, increased 1% in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023, primarily driven by higher average market levels, partially offset by pricing headwinds, lower client activity and adjustments, including changes in client asset mix due to a shift in assets into lower fee asset classes including cash products, and a previously disclosed client transition.

Servicing fees generated outside the U.S. were approximately 47% and 46% of total servicing fees in the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Servicing fee revenue comprises revenue from a range of services provided to our clients, including certain Alpha servicing mandates, consisting of core custody services, accounting, reporting and administration, which we refer to collectively as back office and middle office services. The nature and mix of services provided and the asset classes for which the services are performed affect our servicing fees. The basis for fees will differ across regions and clients. Generally, our servicing fee revenues are affected by several factors, including changes in market valuations, client activity and asset flows, net new business and the manner in which we price our services. For servicing fees for which we have not yet issued an invoice to our clients as of period end, we include an estimate of the impact of changes in market valuations, client activity and flows, net new business and changes in pricing in our revenues.

Changes in Market Valuations

Our servicing fee revenue is impacted by both our levels and the geographic and product mix of our AUC/A. Increases or decreases in market valuations have a corresponding impact on the level of our AUC/A and servicing fee revenues, though the degree of impact will vary depending on asset types and classes and geography of assets held within our clients’ portfolios. For certain asset classes where the valuation process is more complex, including alternative investments, or where our valuation is dependent on third party information, AUC/A is reported on a time lag, typically one-month. For those asset classes, the impact of market levels on our reported AUC/A does not reflect current period-end market levels.

Over the five years ended December 31, 2023, we estimate that worldwide equity and fixed income market valuations impacted our servicing fees revenue by approximately 2% on average with a range of (4)% to 8% annually and approximately 1% and (4)% in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The impact of changes in worldwide fixed income markets on our servicing fees, which historically was included within client activity and asset flows, is now reflected within change in market valuations. See Table 3: Daily Averages, Month-End Averages and Quarter-End Equity Indices for selected indices. While the specific indices presented are indicative of general market trends, the asset types and classes relevant to individual client portfolios can and do differ, and the performance of associated relevant indices and of client portfolios can therefore differ from the performance of the indices presented. In addition, our asset classifications may differ from those industry classifications presented.

Assuming that all other factors remain constant, including client activity, asset flows and pricing, we estimate, using relevant information as of March 31, 2024 that a 10% increase or decrease in worldwide equity valuations, on a weighted average basis, over the relevant periods for which our servicing fees are calculated, would result in a corresponding change in our total servicing fee revenues, on average and over multiple quarters, of approximately 3%. We estimate, similarly assuming all other factors remain constant and using relevant information as of March 31, 2024, that changes in worldwide fixed income markets, which on a weighted average basis and over time are typically less volatile than worldwide equity markets, have a smaller corresponding impact on our servicing fee revenues on average and over time.


TABLE 3: DAILY AVERAGES, MONTH-END AVERAGES AND QUARTER-END EQUITY INDICES(1)
	Daily Averages of Indices				Month-End Averages of Indices				Quarter-End Indices
	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,				As of March 31,
	2024	2023	% Change		2024	2023	% Change		2024	2023	% Change
S&P 500®	4,993	4,000	25	%	5,065	4,052	25	%	5,254	4,109	28	%
MSCI EAFE®	2,263	2,060	10		2,295	2,082	10		2,349	2,093	12
MSCI® Emerging Markets	1,010	997	1		1,013	995	2		1,043	990	5

(1) The index names listed in the table are service marks of their respective owners.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


TABLE 4: QUARTER-END DEBT INDICES(1)
	As of March 31,
	2024	2023	% Change
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index®	2,145	2,109	2	%
Bloomberg Global Aggregate Bond Index®	462	459	1

(1) The index names listed in the table are service marks of their respective owners.

Client Activity and Asset Flows

Client activity and asset flows are impacted by the number of transactions we execute on behalf of our clients, including FX settlements, equity and derivative trades, and wire transfer activity, as well as actions by our clients to change the asset class in which their assets are invested. Our servicing fee revenues are impacted by a number of factors, including transaction volumes, asset levels and asset classes in which funds are invested, as well as industry trends associated with these client-related activities.

Our clients may change the asset classes in which their assets are invested, based on their market outlook, risk acceptance tolerance or other considerations. Over the five years ended December 31, 2023, we estimate that client activity and asset flows, together, impacted our servicing fees revenue by approximately (1)% on average with a range of (3)% to 1% annually and approximately (3)% and 0% in 2023 and 2022, respectively. As noted under "Changes in Market Valuations" in this section, this analysis now excludes, but in prior reporting previously included, the impact of changes in worldwide fixed income markets on our servicing fees. See Table 5: Industry Asset Flows for selected asset flow information. While the asset flows presented are indicative of general market trends, the asset types and classes relevant to individual client portfolios can and do differ, and our flows may differ from those market trends. In addition, our asset classifications may differ from those industry classifications presented.


TABLE 5: INDUSTRY ASSET FLOWS
	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In billions)	2024		2023
North America - (US Domiciled) - Morningstar Direct Market Data(1)(2)(3)
Long-Term Funds(4)	$	(2.3)	$	(57.5)
Money Market	(8.9)		445.1
Exchange-Traded Fund	190.4		78.7
Total Flows	$	179.2	$	466.3

Europe - Morningstar Direct Market Data(1)(2)(5)
Long-Term Funds(4)	$	(0.4)	$	47.4
Money Market	56.0		26.6
Exchange-Traded Fund	53.2		37.7


Total Flows	$	108.8	$	111.7

(1) Industry data is provided for illustrative purposes only. It is not intended to reflect our activity or our clients' activity and is indicative of only segments of the entire industry.

(2) Source: Morningstar. The data includes long-term mutual funds, ETFs and money market funds. Mutual fund data represents estimates of net new cash flow, which is new sales minus redemptions combined with net exchanges, while ETF data represents net issuance, which is gross issuance less gross redemptions. Data for Fund of Funds, Feeder funds and Obsolete funds were excluded from the series to prevent double counting. Data is from the Morningstar Direct Asset Flows database.

(3) The first quarter of 2024 data for North America (U.S. domiciled) includes Morningstar direct actuals for January 2024 and February 2024 and Morningstar direct estimates for March 2024.

(4) The long-term fund flows reported by Morningstar direct in North America are composed of U.S. domiciled market flows mainly in Equities, Allocation and Fixed-Income asset classes. The long-term fund flows reported by Morningstar direct in EMEA are composed of the European market flows mainly in Equities, Allocation and Fixed-Income asset classes.

(5) The first quarter of 2024 data for Europe is on a rolling three month basis for December 2023 through February 2024, sourced by Morningstar.

Net New Business

Over the five years ended December 31, 2023, net new business, which includes business both won and lost, has affected our servicing fee revenues by approximately 0% on average with a range of 0% to 1% annually and approximately 1% in both 2023 and 2022.

Gross investment servicing mandates were $474 billion of AUC/A in the first quarter of 2024 and $1.80 trillion of AUC/A per year on average over the five years ended December 31, 2023, ranging from approximately $0.79 trillion to $3.52 trillion of AUC/A annually in any given year.

Servicing fee revenue associated with new servicing mandates may vary based on the breadth of services provided, the time required to install the assets, and the types of assets installed.

Revenues associated with new mandates are not reflected in our servicing fee revenue until the assets have been installed. Our installation timeline, in general, can range from 6 to 36 months, with the average installation timeline being approximately 9 to 12 months over the past 2 years. We expect that our more complex installations, including new State Street Alpha mandates, will generally be on the longer end of the 6 to 36 months range. With

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

respect to the current asset mandates of approximately $2.58 trillion of AUC/A that are yet to be installed as of March 31, 2024, we expect the conversion will occur over the coming 24 months, with approximately 40-50% expected to be installed in the remainder of 2024, with the balance expected to be installed throughout 2025 and 2026. The expected timing of these installations is subject to change due to a variety of factors, including adjusted implementation schedules agreed with clients, scope adjustments, and product and functionality changes.

Pricing

The industry in which we operate has historically faced pricing pressure, and our servicing fee revenues are also affected by such pressures today. Consequently, no assumption should be drawn as to future revenue run rate from announced servicing wins, as the amount of revenue associated with AUC/A, once installed, can vary materially. On average, over the five years ended December 31, 2023, we estimate that pricing pressure with respect to existing clients has impacted our servicing fees by approximately (3)% annually, with the impact ranging from (2)% to (4)% in any given year and approximately (2)% in both 2023 and 2022. Pricing concessions can be a part of a contract renegotiation with a client including terms that may benefit us, such as extending the term of our relationship with the client, expanding the scope of services that we provide or reducing our dependency on manual processes through the standardization of the services we provide. The timing of the impact of additional revenue generated by anticipated additional services, and the amount of revenue generated, may differ from expectations due to the impact of pricing concessions on existing services due to the necessary time required to onboard those new services or process changes, the nature of those services and client investment practices and other factors. These same market pressures also impact the fees we negotiate when we win business from new clients.

Historically, and based on an indicative sample of revenue, we estimate that approximately 60%, on average, of our servicing fee revenues have been variable due to changes in asset valuations including changes in daily average valuations of AUC/A; another approximately 15%, on average, of our servicing fees are impacted by the volume of activity in the funds we serve; and the remaining approximately 25% of our servicing fees tend not to be variable in nature nor impacted by market fluctuations or values.

Based on the impact of the above, client activity and asset flows, net new business and pricing, noted drivers of our servicing fee revenue will vary depending on the mix of products and services we provide to our clients. The full impact of changes in market valuations and the volume of activity in the funds may not be fully reflected in our servicing fee revenues in the periods in which the changes occur, particularly in periods of higher volatility.


TABLE 6: ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND/OR ADMINISTRATION BY PRODUCT(1)
(In billions)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
Collective funds, including ETFs	$	14,694	$	14,070	$	12,748
Mutual funds	11,552		11,009		10,077
Pension products	8,800		8,352		7,871
Insurance and other products	8,866		8,379		6,939
Total	$	43,912	$	41,810	$	37,635


TABLE 7: ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND/OR ADMINISTRATION BY ASSET CLASS(1)
(In billions)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
Equities	$	25,909	$	24,317	$	20,966
Fixed-income	11,368		11,043		10,645
Short-term and other investments	6,635		6,450		6,024
Total	$	43,912	$	41,810	$	37,635


TABLE 8: ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND/OR ADMINISTRATION BY GEOGRAPHY(1)(2)
(In billions)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
Americas	$	31,610	$	29,951	$	27,599
Europe/Middle East/Africa	9,207		8,913		7,396
Asia/Pacific	3,095		2,946		2,640
Total	$	43,912	$	41,810	$	37,635

(1) Consistent with past practice, AUC/A values for certain asset classes are based on a lag, typically one-month.

(2) Geographic mix is generally based on the domicile of the entity servicing the funds and is not necessarily representative of the underlying asset mix.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Asset servicing mandates newly announced in the first quarter of 2024 totaled approximately $474 billion of AUC/A. Servicing assets remaining to be installed in future periods totaled approximately $2.58 trillion as of March 31, 2024, which will be reflected in AUC/A in future periods after installation and will generate servicing fee revenue in subsequent periods. The full revenue impact of such mandates will be realized as the assets are installed and additional services are added over that period.

New asset servicing mandates may be subject to completion of definitive agreements, consents or assignments, approval of applicable boards and shareholders and customary regulatory approvals. New asset servicing mandates and servicing assets remaining to be installed in future periods exclude certain new business which has been contracted, but for which the client has not yet provided permission to publicly disclose and the expected installation date extends beyond one quarter. These excluded assets, which from time to time may be significant, will be included in new asset servicing mandates and reflected in servicing assets remaining to be installed in the period in which the client provides its permission. Servicing mandates and servicing assets remaining to be installed in future periods are presented on a gross basis based on factors present on or about the time we determine the business to be won by us and are not updated based on subsequent developments, including changes in assets, market valuations, scope and, potentially, termination. Such assets therefore do not include the impact of clients who have notified us during the period of their intent to terminate or reduce their relationship with us, which may from time to time be significant.

With respect to these new servicing mandates, once installed we may provide various services, including back office services such as custody and safekeeping, transaction processing and trade settlement, fund administration, reporting and record keeping, security servicing, fund accounting, middle office services such as investment book of records, transaction management, loans, cash derivatives and collateral services, recordkeeping, client reporting and investment analytics, markets services such as FX trading services, liquidity solutions, currency and collateral management and securities finance, and front office services such as portfolio management solutions, risk analytics, scenario analysis, performance and attribution, trade order and execution management, pre-trade compliance and ESG investment tools. Revenues associated with new servicing mandates may vary based on the breadth of services provided, the timing of installation, and the types of assets.

As previously disclosed, in early 2021, due to a decision to diversify providers, one of our large asset servicing clients is moving a significant portion of its ETF assets currently with State Street to one or more other providers. Prior to the commencement of the transition of assets, which began in 2022, we estimated that the financial impact of this transition represented approximately 1.9% of our 2021 total fee revenue. We began to see the impact of the transition on our fee revenue and income growth trends primarily towards the end of 2023, with the remainder expected to be realized through 2025 as the transition continues. On a quarterly run rate basis, we estimate that the first quarter of 2024 reflected approximately half of the revenue impact of the exiting business. We expect to continue as a significant service provider for this client after this transition and for the client to continue to be meaningful to our business.

Management Fee Revenue

Management fees increased 12% in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023, as higher average market levels and net inflows from prior periods were partially offset by the impact of a previously disclosed strategic ETF product suite repricing initiative.

Management fees generated outside the U.S. were approximately 25% of total management fees in both the first quarter of 2024 and 2023.

Management fees generally are affected by our level of AUM, which we report based on month-end valuations. Management fees for certain components of managed assets, such as ETFs, mutual funds and Undertakings for Collective Investments in Transferable Securities, are affected by daily average valuations of AUM. Management fee revenue is more sensitive to market valuations than servicing fee revenue, as a higher proportion of the underlying services provided, and the associated management fees earned, are dependent on equity and fixed-income security valuations. Additional factors, such as the relative mix of assets managed, may have a significant effect on our management fee revenue. While certain management fees are directly determined by the values of AUM and the investment strategies employed, management fees may reflect other factors, including performance fee arrangements, as well as our relationship pricing for clients.

Asset-based management fees for passively managed products, to which our AUM is currently primarily weighted, are generally charged at a lower fee on AUM than for actively managed products. Actively managed products may also include performance fee arrangements which are recorded when the fee is earned, based on predetermined benchmarks associated with the applicable account's performance.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In light of the above, we estimate, using relevant information as of March 31, 2024, and assuming that all other factors remain constant, including the impact of business won and lost and client flows, that:

•A 10% increase or decrease in worldwide equity valuations, on a weighted average basis, over the relevant periods for which our management fees are calculated, would result in a corresponding change in our total management fee revenues, on average and over multiple quarters, of approximately 5%; and

•changes in worldwide fixed income markets, which on a weighted average basis and over time are typically less volatile than worldwide equity markets, will have a significantly smaller corresponding impact on our management fee revenues on average and over time.

Daily averages, month-end averages and quarter-end indices demonstrate worldwide changes in equity and debt markets that affect our management fee revenue. Quarter-end indices affect the values of AUM as of those dates. See Table 3: Daily Averages, Month-End Averages and Quarter-End Equity Indices for selected indices. While the specific indices presented are indicative of general market trends, the asset types and classes relevant to individual client portfolios can and do differ, and the performance of associated relevant indices and of client portfolios can therefore differ from the performance of the indices presented. In addition, our asset classifications may differ from those industry classifications presented.


TABLE 9: ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT BY ASSET CLASS AND INVESTMENT APPROACH
(In billions)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
Equity:
Active	$	51	$	47	$	60
Passive	2,662		2,466		2,153
Total equity	2,713		2,513		2,213
Fixed-income:
Active	27		71		85
Passive	550		538		490
Total fixed-income(1)	577		609		575
Cash(1)	481		467		375
Multi-asset-class solutions:
Active	23		21		28
Passive	312		289		203
Total multi-asset-class solutions	335		310		231
Alternative investments(2):
Active	11		11		35
Passive	219		218		189
Total alternative investments	230		229		224
Total	$	4,336	$	4,128	$	3,618

(1) Includes both floating- and constant-net-asset-value portfolios held in commingled structures or separate accounts.

(2) Includes real estate investment trusts, currency and commodities, including SPDR® Gold Shares and SPDR® Gold MiniSharesSM Trust. We are not the investment manager for the SPDR® Gold Shares and SPDR®Gold MiniSharesSM Trust, but act as the marketing agent.


TABLE 10: GEOGRAPHIC MIX OF ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT(1)
(In billions)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
North America	$	3,155	$	3,029	$	2,648
Europe/Middle East/Africa	671		602		521
Asia/Pacific	510		497		449
Total	$	4,336	$	4,128	$	3,618

(1) Geographic mix is based on client location or fund management location.


TABLE 11: EXCHANGE-TRADED FUNDS BY ASSET CLASS(1)
(In billions)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
Alternative Investments(2)	$	74	$	73	$	73

Equity	1,131		1,038		841
Multi Asset	1		1		1
Fixed-Income	155		156		141
Total Exchange-Traded Funds	$	1,361	$	1,268	$	1,056

(1) ETFs are a component of AUM presented in the preceding table.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


TABLE 12: ACTIVITY IN ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT BY PRODUCT CATEGORY
(In billions)	Equity		Fixed-Income		Cash(1)		Multi-Asset-Class Solutions		Alternative Investments(2)		Total




























Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	2,128	$	554	$	376	$	209	$	214	$	3,481
Long-term institutional flows, net(3)	(25)		1		—		10		(2)		(16)
Exchange-traded fund flows, net	(12)		5		—		—		1		(6)
Cash fund flows, net	—		—		(4)		—		—		(4)
Total flows, net	(37)		6		(4)		10		(1)		(26)
Market appreciation (depreciation)	122		14		3		11		11		161
Foreign exchange impact	—		1		—		1		—		2
Total market/foreign exchange impact	122		15		3		12		11		163
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	2,213	$	575	$	375	$	231	$	224	$	3,618


















Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	2,513	$	609	$	467	$	310	$	229	$	4,128
Long-term institutional flows, net(3)	(3)		(23)		—		14		(7)		(19)
Exchange-traded fund flows, net	2		3		—		—		(4)		1
Cash fund flows, net	—		—		9		—		—		9
Total flows, net	(1)		(20)		9		14		(11)		(9)
Market appreciation (depreciation)	220		(4)		6		12		15		249
Foreign exchange impact	(20)		(7)		(1)		(1)		(3)		(32)
Total market/foreign exchange impact	200		(11)		5		11		12		217
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	2,712	$	578	$	481	$	335	$	230	$	4,336

(1) Includes both floating and constant-net-asset-value portfolios held in commingled structures or separate accounts.

(3) Amounts represent long-term portfolios, excluding ETFs.

Foreign Exchange Trading Services

Foreign exchange trading services revenue, as presented in Table 2: Total Revenue, decreased 3% in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023, primarily due to lower spreads associated with subdued market volatility, partially offset by higher client FX volumes. Foreign exchange trading services revenue comprises revenue generated by FX trading and revenue generated by brokerage and other trading services, which made up 65% and 35%, respectively, of foreign exchange trading services revenue in the first quarter of 2024, compared to 68% and 32%, respectively, in the same period of 2023.

We primarily earn FX trading revenue by acting as a principal market-maker through both "direct sales and trading” and “indirect FX trading.”

•Direct sales and trading: Represent FX transactions at negotiated rates with clients and investment managers that contact our trading desk directly. Clients are able to choose their own execution time and method, trading by voice or electronically on one of the several available multibank platforms. These principal market-making activities include transactions for funds serviced by third party custodians or prime brokers, as well as those funds under custody with us.

•Indirect FX trading: Represents FX transactions with clients, for which we are the funds' custodian, or their investment managers, routed to our FX desk through our asset-servicing operation. We execute indirect FX trades as a principal at rates disclosed to our clients. Indirect FX is designed to address FX trades that relate to the purchase, sale or holding of a security where clients chose their execution frequency (either hourly or once per day), allowing us to offer straight-through processing and a fully automated service.

Our FX trading revenue is influenced by multiple factors, including: the volume and type of client FX transactions and related spreads; currency volatility, reflecting market conditions; and our management of exchange rate, interest rate and other market risks associated with our FX activities. The relative impact of these factors on our total FX trading revenues often differs from period to period. For example, assuming all other factors remain constant, increases or decreases in volumes or bid-offer spreads across product mix tend to result in increases or decreases, as the case may be, in client-related FX revenue.

Our clients that utilize indirect FX trading can, in addition to executing their FX transactions through dealers not affiliated with us, transition from indirect FX trading to either direct sales and trading execution, including our “Street FX” service, or to one of our electronic trading platforms. Street FX, in which we continue to act as a principal market-maker, enables our clients to define their FX execution strategy and automate the FX trade execution process, both for funds under custody with us as well as those under custody at another bank.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We also earn foreign exchange trading services revenue through "electronic FX services" and "other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue."

•Electronic FX services: Our clients may choose to execute FX transactions through one of our electronic trading platforms. These transactions generate revenue through a “click” fee.

•Other trading, transition management and brokerage revenue: As our clients look to us to enhance and preserve portfolio values, they may choose to utilize our Transition or Currency Management capabilities or transact with our Equity Trade execution group. These transactions, which are not limited to foreign exchange, generate revenue via commissions charged for trades transacted during the management of these portfolios.

Fund Connect is another one of our electronic trading platforms: it is a global trading, analytics and cash management tool with access to more than 400 money market funds from leading providers.

Securities Finance

Securities finance revenue, as presented in Table 2: Total Revenue, decreased 12% in the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023, due to lower agency balances and lower spreads primarily due to muted industry specials activity.

Our securities finance business consists of three components:

(1) an agency lending program for State Street Global Advisors managed investment funds with a broad range of investment objectives, which we refer to as the State Street Global Advisors lending funds;

(2) an agency lending program for third-party investment managers and asset owners, which we refer to as the agency lending funds; and

(3) security lending transactions which we enter into as principal, which we refer to as our prime services business.

Securities finance revenue earned from our agency lending activities, which is composed of our split of both the spreads related to cash collateral and the fees related to non-cash collateral, is principally a function of the volume of securities on loan, the interest rate spreads and fees earned on the underlying collateral and our share of the fee split.

As principal, our prime services business borrows securities from the lending client or other market participants and then lends such securities to

the subsequent borrower, either our client or a broker/dealer. We act as principal when the lending client is unable to, or elects not to, transact directly with the market and execute the transaction and furnish the securities. In our role as principal, we provide support to the transaction through our credit rating. While we source a significant proportion of the securities furnished by us in our role as principal from third parties, we have the ability to source securities through assets under custody from clients who have designated us as an eligible borrower.

Market influences may continue to affect client demand for securities finance, and as a result our revenue from, and the profitability of, our securities lending activities in future periods. In addition, the constantly evolving regulatory environment, including revised or proposed capital and liquidity standards, interpretations of those standards, and our own balance sheet management activities, may influence modifications to the way in which we deliver our agency lending or prime services businesses, the volume of our securities lending activity and related revenue and profitability in future periods.

Software and Processing Fees

Software and processing fees revenue, presented in Table 2: Total Revenue, increased 25% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023, primarily driven by higher front office software and data revenue associated with CRD.

Software and processing fees revenue includes diverse types of fees and revenue, including fees from software licensing and maintenance and fees from our structured products business.

Front office software and data revenue, which primarily includes revenue from CRD, Alpha Data Platform and Alpha Data Services, increased 32% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023, primarily due to higher software-enabled and professional services revenue reflecting continued SaaS implementations and conversions.

Revenue related to the front office solutions provided by CRD is primarily driven by the sale of term software licenses and SaaS, including professional services such as consulting and implementation services, software support and maintenance. Approximately 50%-70% of revenue associated with a sale of software to be installed on-premises is recognized at a point in time when the customer benefits from obtaining access to and use of the software license, with the percentage varying based on the length of the contract and other contractual terms. The remainder of revenue for on-premise installations is recognized over the length of the contract as maintenance and other services are provided. Upon renewal of an on-premises software contract, the same pattern of revenue recognition is

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

followed with 50%-70% recognized upon renewal and the remaining balance recognized over the term of the contract. Revenue for a SaaS related arrangement, where the customer does not take possession of the software, is recognized over the term of the contract as services are provided. Upon renewal of a SaaS arrangement, revenue continues to be recognized as services are provided under the new contract. As a result of these differences in how portions of CRD revenue are accounted for, CRD revenue may vary more than other business units quarter to quarter.

Lending related and other fees increased 13% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023, reflecting higher unfunded commitments primarily relating to our fund finance products. Lending related and other fees primarily consists of fee revenue associated with our fund finance, leverage loans, municipal finance, insurance and stable value wrap businesses.

Other Fee Revenue

Other fee revenue includes market-related adjustments and income associated with other equity method investments.

Other fee revenue increased $5 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.

Additional information about fee revenue is provided under "Line of Business Information" included in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.

Net Interest Income

See Table 2: Total Revenue, for the breakout of interest income and interest expense for the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.

NII is defined as interest income earned on interest-earning assets less interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. Interest-earning assets, which principally consist of investment securities, interest-bearing deposits with banks, loans, resale agreements and other liquid assets, are financed primarily by client deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term debt.

NIM represents the relationship between annualized fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) NII and average total interest-earning assets for the period. It is calculated by dividing FTE NII by average interest-earning assets. Revenue that is exempt from income taxes, mainly earned from certain investment securities (state and political subdivisions), is adjusted to an FTE basis using the U.S. federal and state statutory income tax rates.

NII decreased 7% in the first quarter of 2024

compared to the same period of 2023, primarily due to deposit mix shift towards interest-bearing deposits and lower average non-interest-bearing deposit balances, partially offset by the impact of higher average interest rates, client lending growth and investment portfolio positions.

Investment securities' net purchase discount accretion increased interest income by $34 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to net purchase premium amortization that reduced interest income by $14 million in the same period of 2023. The change in the net purchase premium amortization (discount accretion) was primarily driven by a shift in the non-MBS portfolio from a net unamortized purchase premium as of March 31, 2023 to a net unamortized purchase discount as of March 31, 2024.

Interest income related to debt securities is recognized in our consolidated statement of income using the effective interest method, or on a basis approximating a level rate of return over the contractual or estimated life of the security. The rate of return considers any non-refundable fees or costs, as well as purchase premiums or discounts, resulting in amortization or accretion, accordingly. The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are adjusted for prepayments when they occur, which primarily impact mortgage-backed securities.

The following table presents the investment securities net premium amortization (discount accretion) for the periods indicated:


TABLE 13: INVESTMENT SECURITIES NET PREMIUM AMORTIZATION








	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024						2023
(Dollars in millions)	MBS		Non -MBS		Total(1)		MBS		Non- MBS		Total
Unamortized purchase premiums and (discounts) at period end	$	402	$	(364)	$	38	$	484	$	70	$	554
Net premium amortization (discount accretion)	16		(50)		(34)		20		(6)		14

(1) Totals exclude premiums or discounts created from the transfer of securities from AFS to HTM.

State Street Corporation | 18

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

See Table 14: Average Balances and Interest Rates - Fully Taxable-Equivalent Basis, for the breakout of NII for the first quarter of 2024, compared to the same period of 2023.


TABLE 14: AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES - FULLY TAXABLE-EQUIVALENT BASIS(1)
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024						2023
(Dollars in millions; fully taxable-equivalent basis)	Average Balance		Interest Revenue/Expense		Rate		Average Balance		Interest Revenue/Expense		Rate
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	$	90,230	$	998	4.45	%	$	77,220	$	641	3.37	%
Securities purchased under resale agreements(2)	6,118		167		10.97		1,643		76		18.94
Trading account assets	767		—		—		667		—		—
Investment securities:
Investment securities available-for-sale	46,497		573		4.93		42,101		349		3.31
Investment securities held-to-maturity	54,821		294		2.14		64,988		321		1.97

Total Investment securities	101,318		867		3.42		107,089		670		2.50
Loans	37,747		547		5.82		33,517		397		4.80
Other interest-earning assets(3)	18,153		312		6.92		17,393		245		5.71
Average total interest-earning assets	$	254,333	$	2,891	4.57		$	237,529	$	2,029	3.46




Interest-bearing deposits:
U.S.	$	129,846	$	1,363	4.22		$	105,261	$	779	3.00
Non-U.S.(4)	62,087		277		1.80		66,356		174		1.07
Total interest-bearing deposits(4)(5)	191,933		1,640		3.44		171,617		953		2.25
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	3,122		39		5.06		4,409		9		.84

Other short-term borrowings	8,314		101		4.85		1,278		12		3.78
Long-term debt	18,944		258		5.44		15,865		184		4.64
Other interest-bearing liabilities(6)	4,430		135		12.29		3,078		103		13.49
Average total interest-bearing liabilities	$	226,743	$	2,173	3.85		$	196,247	$	1,261	2.61