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Derivative Financial Instruments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivative Financial Instruments Derivative Financial Instruments
We use derivative financial instruments to support our clients' needs and to manage our interest rate, currency and other market risks. These financial instruments consist of FX contracts such as forwards, futures and options contracts; interest rate contracts such as interest rate swaps (cross currency and single currency) and futures; and other derivative contracts. Derivative instruments used for risk management purposes that are highly effective in offsetting the risk being hedged are generally designated as hedging instruments in hedge accounting relationships, while others are economic hedges and not designated in hedge accounting relationships. Derivatives in hedge accounting relationships are disclosed according to the type of hedge, such as, fair value, cash flow, or net investment. Derivatives designated as hedging instruments in hedge accounting relationships are carried at fair value with change in fair value recognized in the consolidated statement of income or other comprehensive income (OCI), as appropriate. Derivatives not designated in hedge accounting relationships include those derivatives entered into to support client needs and derivatives used to manage interest rate, currency and other market risks associated with certain assets and liabilities. Such derivatives are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statement of income.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
We provide foreign exchange forward contracts and options in support of our client needs, and also act as a dealer in the currency markets. As part of our trading activities, we assume positions in both the foreign exchange and interest rate markets by buying and selling cash instruments and using derivative financial instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange and interest rate options, interest rate forward contracts, and interest rate futures. The entire change in the fair value of derivatives utilized in our trading activities are recorded in foreign exchange trading services revenue. We also utilize derivatives in our asset-and-liability management activities and manage other market risks. The entire change in fair value of such derivatives are recorded in net interest income and other fee revenue, respectively.
We enter into stable value wrap derivative contracts with unaffiliated stable value funds that allow a stable value fund to provide book value coverage to its participants. These derivatives contracts qualify as guarantees as described in Note 12.
We grant deferred cash awards to certain of our employees as part of our employee incentive compensation plans. We account for these awards as derivative financial instruments, as the underlying referenced shares are not equity instruments of ours. The fair value of these derivatives is referenced to the value of units in State Street-sponsored investment funds or funds sponsored by other unrelated entities. We re-measure these derivatives to fair value quarterly, and record the change in value in compensation and employee benefits expenses in our consolidated statement of income.
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
In connection with our asset-and-liability management activities, we use derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk and foreign currency risk for certain assets and liabilities. At both the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, we formally assess and document the effectiveness of a derivative designated in a hedging relationship and the likelihood that the derivative will be an effective hedge in future periods. We discontinue hedge accounting prospectively when we determine that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of the underlying risk being hedged, the derivative expires, terminates or is sold, or management discontinues the hedge designation.
The risk management objective of a highly effective hedging strategy that qualifies for hedge accounting must be formally documented. The hedge documentation includes the derivative hedging instrument, the asset or liability or forecasted transaction, type of risk being hedged and method for assessing hedge effectiveness of the derivative prospectively and retrospectively. We use quantitative methods including regression analysis and cumulative dollar offset method, comparing the change in the fair value of the derivative to the change in fair value or the cash flows of the hedged item. We may also utilize qualitative methods such as matching critical terms and evaluation of any changes in those critical terms. Effectiveness is assessed and documented quarterly and if determined that the derivative is not highly effective at hedging the designated risk hedge accounting is discontinued.
Fair Value Hedges
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges are utilized to mitigate the risk of changes in the fair values of recognized assets and liabilities, including long-term debt and AFS securities. We use interest rate contracts in this manner to manage our exposure to changes in the fair value of hedged items caused by changes in interest rates.
Changes in the fair value of the derivative and changes in fair value of the hedged item due to changes in the hedged risk are recognized in earnings in the same line item. If a hedge is terminated, but the hedged item was not derecognized, all remaining adjustments to the carrying amount of the hedged item are amortized over a period that is consistent with the amortization of other discounts or premiums associated with the hedged item.
Cash Flow Hedges
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are utilized to offset the variability of cash flows of recognized assets, liabilities or forecasted transactions. We have entered into FX contracts to hedge the change in cash flows attributable to FX movements in foreign currency denominated investment securities. Additionally, we have entered into interest rate swap agreements to hedge the forecasted cash flows associated with EURIBOR indexed floating-rate loans and Interest Rate on Reserve Balances (IORB) indexed floating-rate cash deposits held across the Federal Reserve Bank system. The interest rate swaps synthetically convert the loan interest receipts from a variable-rate to a fixed-rate, thereby mitigating the risk attributable to changes in the EURIBOR and IORB.
Changes in fair value of the derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are initially recorded in AOCI and then reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings and are presented in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. If the hedge relationship is terminated, the change in fair value on the derivative recorded in AOCI is reclassified into earnings consistent with the timing of the hedged item. For hedge relationships that are discontinued because a forecasted transaction is not expected to occur according to the original hedge terms, any related derivative values recorded in AOCI are immediately recognized in earnings. The net loss associated with cash flow hedges expected to be reclassified from AOCI within 12 months of December 31, 2023 is approximately $191 million. The maximum length of time over which forecasted cash flows are hedged is 5 years.
Net Investment Hedges
Derivatives categorized as net investment hedges are entered into to protect the net investment in our foreign operations against adverse changes in exchange rates. We use FX forward contracts to convert the foreign currency risk to U.S. dollars to mitigate our exposure to fluctuations in FX rates. The changes in fair value of the FX forward contracts are recorded, net of taxes, in the foreign currency translation component of OCI.
The following table presents the aggregate contractual, or notional, amounts of derivative financial instruments including those entered into for trading and asset-and-liability management activities as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts:
Futures$12,668 $8,683 
Foreign exchange contracts:
Forward, swap and spot2,528,115 2,267,221 
Options purchased851 607 
Options written544 445 
Futures197 1,550 
Other:
Futures125 — 
Stable value contracts(1)
28,704 31,391 
Deferred value awards(2)
289 300 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts:
Swap agreements20,333 22,566 
Foreign exchange contracts:
Forward and swap9,777 8,213 
(1) The notional value of the stable value contracts represents our maximum exposure. However, exposure to various stable value contracts is generally contractually limited to substantially lower amounts than the notional values.
(2) Represents grants of deferred value awards to employees; refer to discussion in this note under “Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments.”
Notional amounts are provided here as an indication of the volume of our derivative activity and serve as a reference to calculate the fair values of the derivative.
The following table presents the fair value of derivative financial instruments, excluding the impact of master netting agreements, recorded in our consolidated statement of condition as of the dates indicated. Fair value measurement for derivatives is further discussed in Note 2, and the impact of master netting agreements is provided in Note 11.
Derivative Assets(1)
Derivative Liabilities(2)
(In millions)December 31, 2023December 31, 2022December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts$19,498 $26,081 $19,153 $25,407 
Other derivative contracts— — 182 216 
Total$19,498 $26,081 $19,335 $25,623 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts$196 $105 $263 $342 
Interest rate contracts13 — 4 1 
Total$209 $105 $267 $343 
(1) Derivative assets are included within other assets in our consolidated statement of condition.
(2) Derivative liabilities are included within other liabilities in our consolidated statement of condition.
The following table presents the impact of our use of derivative financial instruments on our consolidated statement of income for the periods indicated:
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In millions)Location of Gain (Loss) on
Derivative in Consolidated
Statement of Income		Amount of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Income
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contractsForeign exchange trading services revenue$803 $938 $811 
Foreign exchange contractsInterest expense(54)(20)68 
Interest rate contractsForeign exchange trading services revenue(2)3 3 
Other Derivative contractsOther fee revenue(3)— — 
Interest rate contractsOther fee revenue— 1 — 
Other derivative contracts(1)
Compensation and employee benefits(121)(89)(332)
Total$623 $833 $550 
(1) Amount in 2021 reflects a deferred compensation expense acceleration of $147 million associated with an amendment of certain outstanding cash settled deferred incentive compensation awards.
The following tables show the carrying amount and associated cumulative basis adjustments related to the application of hedge accounting that is included in the carrying amount of hedged assets and liabilities in fair value hedging relationships:
December 31, 2023
Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Increasing (Decreasing) the carrying amount
(In millions)Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/LiabilitiesActive
De-designated(1)
Long-term debt$12,463 $(340)$156 
Available-for-sale securities(2)(3)
11,260 (503)3 
December 31, 2022
Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Increasing (Decreasing) the carrying amount
(In millions)Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/LiabilitiesActive
De-designated(1)
Long-term debt$12,513 $(644)$362 
Available-for-sale securities(2)(3)
9,801 (675)8 
(1) Represents hedged items no longer designated in qualifying fair value hedging relationships for which an associated basis adjustment exists at the balance sheet date.
(2) Included in these amounts is the amortized cost of the financial assets designated in under the portfolio layer hedging relationships (hedged item is the hedged layer of a closed portfolio of financial assets expected to remain outstanding at the end of the hedging relationship). At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the amortized cost of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $685 million and $207 million, respectively, of which $400 million and $64 million, respectively, was designated under the portfolio layer hedging relationship. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the cumulative adjustment associated with these hedging relationships was ($6) million and ($4) million, respectively.
(3) Carrying amount represents amortized cost.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the total notional amount of the interest rate swaps of fair value hedges was $19.43 billion and $20.32 billion, respectively.
The following tables present the impact of our use of derivative financial instruments on our consolidated statement of income for the periods indicated:
Years Ended December 31,Years Ended December 31,
202320222021202320222021
(In millions)
Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative in Consolidated Statement of Income
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedging Relationship
Location of Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item in Consolidated Statement of Income
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Hedged
Item Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Interest rate contractsNet interest income$(164)$676 $14 Available-for-sale securities
Net interest income
$164 $(676)$(19)
Interest rate contractsNet interest income202 (1,160)(76)Long-term debtNet interest income(202)1,160 75 
Total$38 $(484)$(62)$(38)$484 $56 

Years Ended December 31,Years Ended December 31,
202320222021Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income202320222021
(In millions)Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on DerivativeAmount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts$14 $(598)$(78)Net interest income$(210)$(43)$84 
Foreign exchange contracts91 156 91 Net interest income2 92 11 
Total derivatives designated as cash flow hedges$105 $(442)$13 $(208)$49 $95 
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts$(89)$291 $272 $— $— $— 
Total derivatives designated as net investment hedges(89)291 272 — — — 
Total$16 $(151)$285 $(208)$49 $95 
Derivatives Netting and Credit Contingencies
Netting
Derivatives receivable and payable as well as cash collateral from the same counterparty are netted in the consolidated statement of condition for those counterparties with whom we have legally binding master netting agreements in place. In addition to cash collateral received and transferred presented on a net basis, we also receive and transfer collateral in the form of securities, which mitigate credit risk but are not eligible for netting. Additional information on netting is provided in Note 11.
Credit Contingencies
Certain of our derivatives are subject to master netting agreements with our derivative counterparties containing credit risk-related contingent features, which requires us to maintain an investment grade credit rating with the various credit rating agencies. If our rating falls below investment grade, we would be in violation of the provisions, and counterparties to the derivatives could request immediate payment or demand full overnight collateralization on derivatives instruments in liability positions. The aggregate fair value of all derivatives with credit contingent features and in a net liability position as of December 31, 2023 totaled approximately $3.06 billion, against which we provided $1.15 billion of collateral in the normal course of business. If our credit related contingent features underlying these agreements were triggered as of December 31, 2023, the maximum additional collateral we would be required to post to our counterparties is approximately $1.91 billion.