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Fair Value
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value
Fair Value
Fair-Value Measurements:
We carry trading account assets, AFS investment securities and various types of derivative financial instruments at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition on a recurring basis. Changes in the fair values of these financial assets and liabilities are recorded either as components of our consolidated statement of income or as components of AOCI within shareholders' equity in our consolidated statement of condition.
We measure fair value for the above-described financial assets and liabilities in conformity with U.S. GAAP that governs the measurement of the fair value of financial instruments. Management believes that its valuation techniques and underlying assumptions used to measure fair value conform to the provisions of U.S. GAAP. We categorize the financial assets and liabilities that we carry at fair value based on a prescribed three-level valuation hierarchy. For information about our valuation techniques for financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 132 to 142 of our 2015 Form 10-K.
The following tables present information with respect to our financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated. No transfers of financial assets or liabilities between levels 1 and 2 occurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 or the year ended December 31, 2015.
 
Fair-Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
 
as of September 30, 2016
(In millions)
Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impact of Netting(1)
 
Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading account assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
$
57

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
$
57

Non-U.S. government securities
425

 

 

 
 
 
425

Other
44

 
537

 

 
 
 
581

Total trading account assets
526

 
537

 

 
 
 
1,063

AFS Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct obligations
4,846

 
456

 

 
 
 
5,302

Mortgage-backed securities

 
17,945

 
50

 
 
 
17,995

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans

 
7,115

 
192

 
 
 
7,307

Credit cards

 
1,375

 

 
 
 
1,375

Sub-prime

 
354

 

 
 
 
354

Other(2)

 

 
1,273

 
 
 
1,273

Total asset-backed securities

 
8,844

 
1,465

 

 
10,309

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities

 
7,071

 
90

 
 
 
7,161

Asset-backed securities

 
2,391

 
138

 
 
 
2,529

Government securities

 
5,984

 

 
 
 
5,984

Other(3)

 
5,461

 
458

 
 
 
5,919

Total non-U.S. debt securities

 
20,907

 
686

 
 
 
21,593

State and political subdivisions

 
10,716

 
40

 
 
 
10,756

Collateralized mortgage obligations

 
2,704

 
102

 
 
 
2,806

Other U.S. debt securities

 
2,338

 

 
 
 
2,338

U.S. equity securities

 
41

 

 
 
 
41

Non-U.S. equity securities

 
3

 

 
 
 
3

U.S. money-market mutual funds

 
361

 

 
 
 
361

Non-U.S. money-market mutual funds

 
16

 

 
 
 
16

Total investment securities available-for-sale
4,846

 
64,331

 
2,343

 

 
71,520

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts

 
8,137

 

 
$
(4,679
)
 
3,458

Interest-rate contracts

 
239

 

 
(194
)
 
45

Other derivative contracts

 
3

 

 
(3
)
 

Total derivative instruments

 
8,379

 

 
(4,876
)
 
3,503

Other
409

 

 

 

 
409

Total assets carried at fair value
$
5,781

 
$
73,247

 
$
2,343

 
$
(4,876
)
 
$
76,495

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading account liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
$
15

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
15

Non-U.S. government securities
60

 

 

 

 
60

Other
32

 
6

 

 

 
38

Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts

 
7,901

 

 
(4,636
)
 
3,265

Interest-rate contracts

 
189

 

 
(39
)
 
150

Other derivative contracts

 
150

 

 
(3
)
 
147

Total derivative instruments

 
8,240

 

 
(4,678
)
 
3,562

Other
409

 

 

 

 
409

Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
516

 
$
8,246

 
$

 
$
(4,678
)
 
$
4,084

 
 
 
 
(1) Represents counterparty netting against level 2 financial assets and liabilities where a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between State Street and the counterparty. Netting also reflects asset and liability reductions of $929 million and $731 million, respectively, for cash collateral received from and provided to derivative counterparties.
(2) As of September 30, 2016, the fair value of other asset-backed securities was primarily composed of $1.27 billion of collateralized loan obligations.
(3) As of September 30, 2016, the fair value of other non-U.S. debt securities was primarily composed of $3.98 billion of covered bonds and $981 million of corporate bonds.
 
Fair-Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
 
as of December 31, 2015
(In millions)
Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impact of Netting(1)
 
Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading account assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
$
32

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
$
32

Non-U.S. government securities
479

 

 

 
 
 
479

Other
10

 
328

 

 
 
 
338

Total trading account assets
521

 
328

 

 
 
 
849

AFS Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct obligations
5,206

 
512

 

 
 
 
5,718

Mortgage-backed securities

 
18,165

 

 
 
 
18,165

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans

 
6,987

 
189

 
 
 
7,176

Credit cards

 
1,341

 

 
 
 
1,341

Sub-prime

 
419

 

 
 
 
419

Other(2)

 

 
1,764

 
 
 
1,764

Total asset-backed securities

 
8,747

 
1,953

 
 
 
10,700

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities

 
7,071

 

 
 
 
7,071

Asset-backed securities

 
3,093

 
174

 
 
 
3,267

Government securities

 
4,355

 

 
 
 
4,355

Other(3)

 
4,579

 
255

 
 
 
4,834

Total non-U.S. debt securities

 
19,098

 
429

 
 
 
19,527

State and political subdivisions

 
9,713

 
33

 
 
 
9,746

Collateralized mortgage obligations

 
2,948

 
39

 
 
 
2,987

Other U.S. debt securities

 
2,614

 
10

 
 
 
2,624

U.S. equity securities

 
39

 

 
 
 
39

Non-U.S. equity securities

 
3

 

 
 
 
3

U.S. money-market mutual funds

 
542

 

 
 
 
542

Non-U.S. money-market mutual funds

 
19

 

 
 
 
19

Total investment securities available-for-sale
5,206

 
62,400

 
2,464

 
 
 
70,070

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts

 
11,311

 
5

 
$
(6,562
)
 
4,754

Interest-rate contracts

 
135

 

 
(115
)
 
20

Other derivative contracts

 
5

 

 
(2
)
 
3

Total derivative instruments

 
11,451

 
5

 
(6,679
)
 
4,777

Other
2

 

 

 

 
2

Total assets carried at fair value
$
5,729

 
$
74,179

 
$
2,469

 
$
(6,679
)
 
$
75,698

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading account liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
$
5

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
5

Non-U.S. government securities
76

 

 

 

 
76

Other
5

 
13

 

 

 
18

Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts

 
10,863

 
5

 
(6,995
)
 
3,873

Interest-rate contracts

 
182

 

 
(24
)
 
158

Other derivative contracts

 
103

 

 
(2
)
 
101

Total derivative instruments

 
11,148

 
5

 
(7,021
)
 
4,132

Other
2

 

 

 

 
2

Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
88

 
$
11,161

 
$
5

 
$
(7,021
)
 
$
4,233

 
 
 
 
(1) Represents counterparty netting against level 2 financial assets and liabilities where a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between State Street and the counterparty. Netting also reflects asset and liability reductions of $776 million and $1.12 billion, respectively, for cash collateral received from and provided to derivative counterparties.
(2) As of December 31, 2015, the fair value of other asset-backed securities was primarily composed of $1.76 billion of collateralized loan obligations.
(3) As of December 31, 2015, the fair value of other non-U.S. debt securities was primarily composed of $3.18 billion of covered bonds and $613 million of corporate bonds.
The following tables present activity related to our level-3 financial assets and liabilities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Transfers into and out of level 3 are reported as of the beginning of the period presented. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, transfers out of level 3 were mainly related to certain mortgage- and asset-backed securities, including non-U.S. debt securities, for which fair value was measured using prices for which observable market information became available.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Fair Value  as of
June 30, 2016
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 
Purchases
 
Settlements
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Fair Value  as of September 30, 2016(1)
 
Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30, 2016
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AFS Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities
$
25

 
$

 
$

 
$
25

 
$

 
$

 
$
50

 
 
Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans
190

 

 
2

 

 

 

 
192

 
 
Other
1,710

 
13

 
(8
)
 
118

 
(560
)
 

 
1,273

 
 
Total asset-backed securities
1,900

 
13

 
(6
)
 
118

 
(560
)
 

 
1,465

 
 
Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities

 

 

 
90

 

 

 
90

 
 
Asset-backed securities
111

 

 

 
90

 
(9
)
 
(54
)
 
138

 
 
Other
261

 

 

 
194

 
3

 

 
458

 
 
Total non-U.S. debt securities
372

 

 

 
374

 
(6
)
 
(54
)
 
686

 
 
State and political subdivisions
33

 

 
7

 

 

 

 
40

 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations
68

 

 
1

 
36

 
(3
)
 

 
102

 
 
Total AFS investment securities
2,398

 
13

 
2

 
553

 
(569
)
 
(54
)
 
2,343

 
 
Total assets carried at fair value
$
2,398

 
$
13

 
$
2

 
$
553

 
$
(569
)
 
$
(54
)
 
$
2,343

 
$


 
 
 
 
(1) There were no transfers of assets into level 3 during the three months ended September 30, 2016.
There was no activity related to our level-3 financial liabilities during the three months ended September 30, 2016.


 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Fair Value  as of
December 31,
2015
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 
Purchases
 
Settlements
 
Transfers out of Level 3
 
Fair Value  as of September 30, 2016(1)
 
Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30, 2016
(In millions)
Recorded in Revenue
 
Recorded in Other Comprehensive Income
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AFS Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
325

 
$

 
$
(275
)
 
$
50

 
 
Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans
189

 
1

 
2

 

 

 

 
192

 
 
Other
1,764

 
29

 
(21
)
 
250

 
(749
)
 

 
1,273

 
 
Total asset-backed securities
1,953


30


(19
)

250


(749
)



1,465

 
 
Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities

 

 

 
90

 

 

 
90

 
 
Asset-backed securities
174

 

 
(1
)
 
196

 
(43
)
 
(188
)
 
138

 
 
Other
255

 

 

 
223

 
9

 
(29
)
 
458

 
 
Total Non-U.S. debt securities
429




(1
)

509


(34
)

(217
)

686

 
 
State and political subdivisions
33

 

 
9

 

 
(2
)
 

 
40

 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations
39

 

 
2

 
86

 
(25
)
 

 
102

 
 
Other U.S. debt securities
10

 

 

 

 
(10
)
 

 

 
 
Total AFS investment securities
2,464


30


(9
)

1,170


(820
)

(492
)

2,343

 
 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
5

 
3

 

 

 
(8
)
 

 

 
$

Total derivative instruments
5


3






(8
)






Total assets carried at fair value
$
2,469


$
33


$
(9
)

$
1,170


$
(828
)

$
(492
)

$
2,343


$


 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Fair Value  as of
December 31,
2015
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 
Settlements
 
Fair Value  as of
September 30, 2016
(2)
 
Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30, 2016
(In millions)
Recorded in Revenue
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
$
5

 
$
5

 
$
(10
)
 
$

 
$

Total derivative instruments
5


5


(10
)




Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
5


$
5


$
(10
)

$


$

 
 
 
 
(1) There were no transfers of assets into level 3 during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
(2) There were no transfers of liabilities into or out of level 3 during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
 
Fair Value as of June 30,
2015
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 
Purchases
 
Sales
 
Settlements
 
Transfers out of Level 3
 
Fair Value  as of
September 30, 2015
(1)
 
Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30,
2015
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AFS Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans
$
234

 
$

 
$
(3
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$
230

 
 
Other
2,933

 
22

 
(19
)
 

 
(686
)
 
(307
)
 

 
1,943

 
 
Total asset-backed securities
3,167


22


(22
)



(686
)
 
(308
)



2,173

 
 
Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
97

 

 

 

 

 

 
(97
)
 

 
 
Asset-backed securities
193

 

 
(1
)
 
168

 

 
(83
)
 

 
277

 
 
Other
264

 

 
(1
)
 

 

 

 

 
263

 
 
Total Non-U.S. debt securities
554




(2
)

168



 
(83
)

(97
)

540

 
 
State and political subdivisions
36

 

 
(1
)
 

 

 

 

 
35

 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations
215

 

 
(1
)
 

 


 
(17
)
 
(49
)
 
148

 
 
Other U.S. debt securities
9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
9

 
 
Total investment securities available-for-sale
3,981


22


(26
)

168


(686
)
 
(408
)

(146
)

2,905

 
 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
60

 
(5
)
 

 
1

 

 
(35
)
 

 
21

 
$

Total derivative instruments
60


(5
)



1



 
(35
)



21



Total assets carried at fair value
$
4,041


$
17


$
(26
)

$
169


$
(686
)
 
$
(443
)

$
(146
)

$
2,926


$


 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
 
Fair Value as of June 30,
2015
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains  (Losses)
 
Issuances
 
Settlements
 
Fair Value  as of
September 30, 2015
(2)
 
Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30, 2015
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
$
50

 
$
(3
)
 
$
1

 
$
(26
)
 
$
22

 
$
1

Total derivative instruments
50


(3
)

1


(26
)

22


1

Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
50


$
(3
)

$
1


$
(26
)

$
22


$
1

 
 
 
 
(1) There were no transfers of assets into level 3 during the three months ended September 30, 2015.
(2) There were no transfers of liabilities into or out of level 3 during the three months ended September 30, 2015.

 
Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
 
Fair Value  as of December 31,
2014
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 
Purchases
 
Sales
 
Settlements
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Fair Value  as of
September 30, 2015
 
Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30, 2015
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans
$
259

 
$

 
$
(2
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(6
)
 
$

 
$
(21
)
 
$
230

 
 
Other
3,780

 
47

 
(37
)
 

 
(1,106
)
 
(741
)
 

 

 
1,943

 
 
Total asset-backed securities
4,039

 
47

 
(39
)
 

 
(1,106
)
 
(747
)
 

 
(21
)
 
2,173

 
 
Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities

 

 

 
43

 

 

 
97

 
(140
)
 

 
 
Asset-backed securities
295

 
1

 
(1
)
 
168

 

 
(169
)
 

 
(17
)
 
277

 
 
Other
371

 

 

 
111

 

 
(32
)
 

 
(187
)
 
263

 
 
Total non-U.S. debt securities
666

 
1


(1
)

322




(201
)

97

 
(344
)
 
540

 
 
State and political subdivisions
38

 

 
(2
)
 

 

 
(1
)
 

 

 
35

 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations
614

 

 
(2
)
 
293

 
(88
)
 
(82
)
 

 
(587
)
 
148

 
 
Other U.S. debt securities
9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
9

 
 
Total investment securities available-for-sale
5,366

 
48

 
(44
)
 
615

 
(1,194
)
 
(1,031
)
 
97

 
(952
)
 
2,905

 
 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts
81

 
49

 

 
17

 

 
(126
)
 

 

 
21

 
$

Total derivative instruments
81

 
49

 

 
17

 

 
(126
)
 

 

 
21

 

Total assets carried at fair value
$
5,447

 
$
97

 
$
(44
)
 
$
632

 
$
(1,194
)
 
$
(1,157
)
 
$
97

 
$
(952
)
 
$
2,926

 
$



 
Fair-Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
 
Fair Value  as of December 31,
2014
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 
Issuances
 
Settlements
 
Fair Value  as of
September 30, 2015
(1)
 
Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held as of
September 30, 2015
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
$
74

 
$
24

 
$
19

 
$
(95
)
 
$
22

 
$
(2
)
Other
9

 

 

 
(9
)
 

 

Total derivative instruments
83

 
24

 
19

 
(104
)
 
22

 
(2
)
Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
83

 
$
24

 
$
19

 
$
(104
)
 
$
22

 
$
(2
)

 
 
 
 

(1) There were no transfers of liabilities into or out of level 3 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.


The following table presents total realized and unrealized gains and losses for our level-3 financial assets and liabilities and where they are presented in our consolidated statement of income for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Recorded
in Revenue
 
Change in
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Related to
Financial
Instruments Held as of September 30,
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Recorded
in Revenue
 
Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Related to Financial Instruments Held as of September 30,
(In millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Fee revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading services
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
25

 
$

 
$
2

Total fee revenue

 
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
25

 

 
2

Net interest revenue
13

 
21

 

 

 
30

 
48

 

 

Total revenue
$
13

 
$
20

 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$
28

 
$
73

 
$

 
$
2

The following table presents quantitative information, as of the dates indicated, about the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our level-3 financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which we use internally-developed pricing models. The significant unobservable inputs for our level-3 financial assets and liabilities whose fair value is measured using pricing information from non-binding broker or dealer quotes are not included in the table, as the specific inputs applied are not provided by the broker/dealer.
 
 
Quantitative Information about Level-3 Fair-Value Measurements
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-Average
(Dollars in millions, except where otherwise noted)
 
As of September 30, 2016
 
As of December 31, 2015
 
Valuation Technique
 
Significant
Unobservable Input
(1)
 
As of September 30, 2016
 
As of December 31, 2015
Significant unobservable inputs readily available to State Street:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities, other
 
$
14

 
$
28

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Credit spread
 
0.7
%
 
(0.1
)%
State and political subdivisions
 
40

 
33

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Credit spread
 
2.0

 
2.2

Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts
 

 
5

 
Option model
 
Volatility
 

 
9.3

Total
 
$
54

 
$
66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts
 
$

 
$
5

 
Option model
 
Volatility
 

 
9.2

Total
 
$

 
$
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Significant changes in these unobservable inputs would result in significant changes in fair value measure.
The following tables present information with respect to the composition of our level-3 financial assets and liabilities, by availability of significant unobservable inputs, as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2016
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Readily Available to State Street(1)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Not Developed by State Street and Not Readily Available(2)
 
Total Assets and Liabilities with Significant Unobservable Inputs
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities
 
$

 
$
50

 
$
50

Asset-backed securities, student loans
 

 
192

 
192

Asset-backed securities, other
 
14

 
1,259

 
1,273

Non-U.S. debt securities, mortgage-backed securities
 

 
90

 
90

Non-U.S. debt securities, asset-backed securities
 

 
138

 
138

Non-U.S. debt securities, other
 

 
458

 
458

State and political subdivisions
 
40

 

 
40

Collateralized mortgage obligations
 

 
102

 
102

Total
 
$
54

 
$
2,289

 
$
2,343

 
 
 
 
 
(1) Information with respect to these model-priced financial assets are provided in a separate table.
(2) Fair value for these financial assets is measured using non-binding broker or dealer quotes.
December 31, 2015
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Readily Available to State Street(1)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Not Developed by State Street and Not Readily Available(2)
 
Total Assets and Liabilities with Significant Unobservable Inputs
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities, student loans
 
$

 
$
189

 
$
189

Asset-backed securities, other
 
28

 
1,736

 
1,764

Non-U.S. debt securities, asset-backed securities
 

 
174

 
174

Non-U.S. debt securities, other
 

 
255

 
255

State and political subdivisions
 
33

 

 
33

Collateralized mortgage obligations
 

 
39

 
39

Other U.S. debt securities
 

 
10

 
10

Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts
 
5

 

 
5

Total
 
$
66

 
$
2,403

 
$
2,469

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts
 
$
5

 
$

 
$
5

Total
 
$
5

 
$

 
$
5

 
 
 
 
 
(1) Information with respect to these model-priced financial assets and liabilities is provided in a separate table.
(2) Fair value for these financial assets is measured using non-binding broker or dealer quotes.

We use internally-developed pricing models that incorporate discounted cash flow and option model techniques to measure the fair value of certain level-3 financial assets and liabilities. Use of these techniques requires the determination of relevant inputs and assumptions, some of which represent significant unobservable inputs as indicated in the preceding tables. Accordingly, changes in these unobservable inputs may have a significant impact on fair value.
Fair Value Estimates:
Estimates of fair value for financial instruments not carried at fair value on a recurring basis in our consolidated statement of condition are generally subjective in nature, and are determined as of a specific point in time based on the characteristics of the financial instruments and relevant market information.
The following tables present the reported amounts and estimated fair values of the financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on a recurring basis, as they would be categorized within the fair-value hierarchy, as of the dates indicated.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair-Value Hierarchy
September 30, 2016
 
Reported Amount 
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2) 
 
Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
 
$
3,490

 
$
3,490

 
$
3,490

 
$

 
$

Interest-bearing deposits with banks
 
79,090

 
79,090

 

 
79,090

 

Securities purchased under resale agreements
 
2,442

 
2,442

 

 
2,442

 

Investment securities held-to-maturity
 
28,368

 
28,780

 
17,795

 
10,910

 
75

Net loans (excluding leases)(1)
 
20,605

 
20,610

 

 
20,509

 
101

Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Noninterest-bearing
 
$
60,545

 
$
60,545

 
$

 
$
60,545

 
$

     Interest-bearing - U.S.
 
33,767

 
33,767

 

 
33,767

 

     Interest-bearing - non-U.S.
 
104,454

 
104,454

 

 
104,454

 

Securities sold under repurchase agreements
 
4,364

 
4,364

 

 
4,364

 

Federal funds purchased
 
28

 
28

 

 
28

 

Other short-term borrowings
 
1,385

 
1,385

 

 
1,385

 

Long-term debt
 
11,834

 
12,015

 

 
11,657

 
358

 
 
 
 
(1) Includes $14 million of loans classified as held-for-sale that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2016 .

 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair-Value Hierarchy
December 31, 2015
 
Reported Amount 
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2) 
 
Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
 
$
1,207

 
$
1,207

 
$
1,207

 
$

 
$

Interest-bearing deposits with banks
 
75,338

 
75,338

 

 
75,338

 

Securities purchased under resale agreements
 
3,404

 
3,404

 

 
3,404

 

Investment securities held-to-maturity
 
29,952

 
29,798

 

 
29,798

 

Net loans (excluding leases)(1)
 
17,838

 
17,792

 

 
17,667

 
125

Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Noninterest-bearing
 
$
65,800

 
$
65,800

 
$

 
$
65,800

 
$

     Interest-bearing - U.S.
 
29,958

 
29,958

 

 
29,958

 

     Interest-bearing - non-U.S.
 
95,869

 
95,869

 

 
95,869

 

Securities sold under repurchase agreements
 
4,499

 
4,499

 

 
4,499

 

Federal funds purchased
 
6

 
6

 

 
6

 

Other short-term borrowings
 
1,748

 
1,748

 

 
1,748

 

Long-term debt
 
11,497

 
11,604

 

 
11,215

 
389

 
 
 
 
(1) Includes $14 million of loans classified as held-for-sale that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2015 .