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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Assets Measured on Recurring Basis
The following tables present the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

 March 31, 2020
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
 (In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities$—  $338,361  $—  $338,361  
Municipal bonds—  21,997  —  21,997  
Corporate debt securities—  259,524  —  259,524  
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates—  1,073,165  —  1,073,165  
Total available-for-sale securities—  1,693,047  —  1,693,047  
Client swap program hedges—  43,157  —  43,157  
Total financial assets$—  $1,736,204  $—  $1,736,204  
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges$—  $43,157  $—  $43,157  
Commercial loan fair value hedges—  8,703  —  8,703  
Mortgage loan fair value hedges—  13,961  —  13,961  
Borrowings cash flow hedges—  17,189  —  17,189  
Total financial liabilities$—  $83,010  $—  $83,010  

 September 30, 2019
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
 (In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities$—  $270,778  $—  $270,778  
Municipal bonds—  22,642  —  22,642  
Corporate debt securities—  209,763  —  209,763  
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates—  982,559  —  982,559  
Total available-for-sale securities—  1,485,742  —  1,485,742  
Client swap program hedges—  20,381  —  20,381  
Mortgage loan fair value hedges—  1,608  —  1,608  
Total financial assets$—  $1,507,731  $—  $1,507,731  
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges$—  $20,381  $—  $20,381  
Commercial loan fair value hedges—  4,288  —  4,288  
Borrowings cash flow hedges—  7,877  —  7,877  
Total financial liabilities$—  $32,546  $—  $32,546  
Fair Value of Assets Measured on Nonrecurring Basis
The following tables present the aggregated balance of assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, and the total gains (losses) resulting from those fair value adjustments during the respective periods. The estimated fair value measurements are shown gross of estimated selling costs.
 
 March 31, 2020Three Months Ended March 31, 2020Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
 Level 1Level  2Level  3TotalTotal Gains (Losses)
 (In thousands)(In thousands)
Impaired loans (1)$—  $—  $810  $810  $(246) $(545) 
Real estate owned (2)—  —  1,675  1,675  145  143  
Balance at end of period$—  $—  $2,485  $2,485  $(101) $(402) 

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.
(2)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of REO.

March 31, 2019Three Months Ended March 31, 2019Six Months Ended March 31, 2019
Level 1Level  2Level  3TotalTotal Gains (Losses)
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Impaired loans (1)$—  $—  $3,316  $3,316  $(511) $(1,237) 
Real estate owned (2)—  —  2,550  2,550  431  399  
Balance at end of period$—  $—  $5,866  $5,866  $(80) $(838) 

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.
(2)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of REO.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments by Balance Sheet Grouping Although management is not aware of any factors that would materially affect the estimated fair value amounts presented below, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since the dates shown, and therefore, estimates of fair value subsequent to those dates may differ significantly from the amounts presented below. 
 March 31, 2020September 30, 2019
 Level in Fair Value HierarchyCarrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value		Carrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value
 ($ in thousands)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents1$1,495,574  $1,495,574  $419,158  $419,158  
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities2338,361  338,361  270,778  270,778  
Municipal bonds221,997  21,997  22,642  22,642  
Corporate debt securities2259,524  259,524  209,763  209,763  
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates21,073,165  1,073,165  982,559  982,559  
Total available-for-sale securities1,693,047  1,693,047  1,485,742  1,485,742  
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates2913,243  941,181  1,428,480  1,448,088  
                           Commercial MBS27,012  7,012  15,000  15,007  
Total held-to-maturity securities920,255  948,193  1,443,480  1,463,095  
Loans receivable311,974,241  12,328,962  11,930,575  12,617,600  
FHLB and FRB stock2155,990  155,990  123,990  123,990  
        Other assets - client swap program hedges243,157  43,157  20,381  20,381  
        Other assets - mortgage loan fair value hedges2—  —  1,608  1,608  
Financial liabilities
Time deposits24,424,382  4,451,266  4,906,963  4,937,847  
FHLB advances23,050,000  3,023,003  2,250,000  2,282,887  
        Other liabilities - client swap program hedges243,157  43,157  20,381  20,381  
Other liabilities - mortgage loan fair value hedges213,961  13,961  —  —  
Other liabilities - commercial loan fair value hedges28,703  8,703  4,288  4,288  
        Other liabilities - borrowings cash flow hedges217,189  17,189  7,877  7,877  
Reconciliation of Amortized Cost to Fair Value of Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Securities
The following tables provide details about the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.
 March 31, 2020
 Amortized
Cost		Gross UnrealizedFair
Value		Yield
 GainsLosses
 ($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
5 to 10 years$61,083  $286  $(2,069) $59,300  1.71 %
Over 10 years286,932  —  (7,871) 279,061  1.89  
Corporate debt securities due
Within 1 year43,973  7  (4) 43,976  2.34  
1 to 5 years70,000  69  (3,222) 66,847  2.81  
5 to 10 years150,205  1,982  (3,486) 148,701  2.85  
Municipal bonds due
1 to 5 years1,445  20  —  1,465  1.96  
Over 10 years20,293  239  —  20,532  6.45  
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates1,033,536  41,612  (1,983) 1,073,165  3.10  
1,667,467  44,215  (18,635) 1,693,047  2.83  
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates913,243  27,938  —  941,181  3.17  
Commercial MBS7,012  —  —  7,012  1.67  
920,255  27,938  —  948,193  3.16  
$2,587,722  $72,153  $(18,635) $2,641,240  2.95 %
 
 September 30, 2019
 Amortized
Cost		Gross UnrealizedFair
Value		Yield
 GainsLosses
 ($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
5 to 10 years$65,287  $39  $(629) $64,697  2.43 %
Over 10 years207,067  1  (987) 206,081  3.02  
Corporate debt securities due
Within 1 year43,903  411  —  44,314  3.65  
1 to 5 years70,000  689  (50) 70,639  3.29  
5 to 10 years92,931  1,879  —  94,810  3.27  
Municipal bonds due
1 to 5 years1,430  14  —  1,444  1.94  
Over 10 years20,303  895  —  21,198  6.45  
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates957,150  26,533  (1,124) 982,559  3.29  
1,458,071  30,461  (2,790) 1,485,742  3.27  
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates1,428,480  19,945  (337) 1,448,088  3.15  
Commercial MBS15,000  7  —  15,007  2.89  
1,443,480  19,952  (337) 1,463,095  3.15  
$2,901,551  $50,413  $(3,127) $2,948,837  3.21 %
Schedule of Unrealized Losses and Fair Value of Securities
The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, by length of time that individual securities in each category have been in a continuous loss position. The decline in fair value since purchase is attributable to changes in interest rates. Because the Company does not intend to sell these securities and does not consider it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before the recovery of amortized cost basis, which may be upon maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired.
 
March 31, 2020Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
 Unrealized
Gross Losses		Fair
Value		Unrealized
Gross Losses		Fair
Value		Unrealized
Gross Losses		Fair
Value
 (In thousands)
Corporate debt securities$(1,620) $51,306  $(5,092) $75,094  $(6,712) 126,400  
U.S. government and agency securities$(5,699) $151,823  $(4,241) $165,987  $(9,940) $317,810  
Mortgage-backed securities(82) 18,751  (1,901) 184,405  (1,983) 203,156  
$(7,401) $221,880  $(11,234) $425,486  $(18,635) $647,366  

September 30, 2019Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
 Unrealized
Gross Losses		Fair
Value		Unrealized
Gross Losses		Fair
Value		Unrealized
Gross Losses		Fair
Value
 (In thousands)
Corporate debt securities$—  $—  $(50) $24,950  $(50) $24,950  
U.S. government and agency securities(656) 152,715  (960) 77,391  (1,616) 230,106  
Mortgage-backed securities(148) 87,895  (1,313) 270,802  (1,461) 358,697  
$(804) $240,610  $(2,323) $373,143  $(3,127) $613,753