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3 Months Ended
Mar. 29, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
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Changes in Estimates
Significant estimates and assumptions are made in estimating contract sales and costs, including the profit booking rate. At the outset of a long-term contract, we identify and monitor risks to the achievement of the technical, schedule and cost aspects of the contract, as well as variable consideration, and assess the effects of those risks on our estimates of sales and total costs to complete the contract. The estimates consider the technical requirements (e.g., a newly-developed product versus a mature product), the schedule and associated tasks (e.g., the number and type of milestone events) and costs (e.g., material, labor, subcontractor, overhead, general and administrative and the estimated costs to fulfill our industrial cooperation agreements, sometimes referred to as offset or localization agreements, required under certain contracts with international customers). The initial profit booking rate of each contract considers risks surrounding the ability to achieve the technical requirements, schedule and costs in the initial estimated total costs to complete the
contract. Profit booking rates may increase during the performance of the contract if we successfully retire risks surrounding the technical, schedule and cost aspects of the contract, which decreases the estimated total costs to complete the contract or may increase the variable consideration we expect to receive on the contract. Conversely, our profit booking rates may decrease if the estimated total costs to complete the contract increase or our estimates of variable consideration we expect to receive decrease. All of the estimates are subject to change during the performance of the contract and may affect the profit booking rate. When estimates of total costs to be incurred on a contract exceed total estimates of the transaction price, a provision for the entire loss is determined at the contract level and is recorded in the period in which the loss is determined.
In addition, comparability of our segment sales, operating profit and operating margin may be impacted favorably or unfavorably by changes in profit booking rates on our contracts for which we recognize revenue over time using the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method to measure progress towards completion. Increases in the profit booking rates, typically referred to as risk retirements, usually relate to revisions in the estimated total costs to fulfill the performance obligations that reflect improved conditions on a particular contract. Conversely, conditions on a particular contract may deteriorate, resulting in an increase in the estimated total costs to fulfill the performance obligations and a reduction in the profit booking rate. Increases or decreases in profit booking rates are recognized in the current period and reflect the inception-to-date effect of such changes. Segment operating profit and margin may also be impacted favorably or unfavorably by other items, which may or may not impact sales. Favorable items may include the positive resolution of contractual matters, cost recoveries on severance and restructuring charges, insurance recoveries and gains on sales of assets. Unfavorable items may include the adverse resolution of contractual matters; restructuring charges, except for significant severance actions, which are excluded from segment operating results; reserves for disputes; certain asset impairments; and losses on sales of certain assets.
Our consolidated net adjustments not related to volume, including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters, increased segment operating profit by approximately $465 million during the quarter ended March 29, 2020 and $565 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2019. These adjustments increased net earnings by approximately $367 million ($1.30 per share) during the quarter ended March 29, 2020 and $446 million ($1.57 per share) during the quarter ended March 31, 2019. We recognized net sales from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods of approximately $530 million during the quarter ended March 29, 2020 and $670 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2019, which primarily relate to changes in profit booking rates that impacted revenue.
As previously disclosed in our 2019 Form 10-K, we are responsible for a program to design, develop and construct a ground-based radar at our Rotary and Mission Systems (RMS) business segment. The program has experienced performance issues for which we have periodically accrued reserves. As of March 29, 2020, cumulative losses were approximately $225 million on this program. We may continue to experience issues related to customer requirements and our performance under this contract and have to record additional charges. However, based on the losses previously recorded and our current estimate of the sales and costs to complete the program, at this time we do not anticipate that additional losses, if any, would be material to our operating results or financial condition.
As previously disclosed in our 2019 Form 10-K, we have a program, EADGE-T, to design, integrate, and install an air missile defense command, control, communications, computers - intelligence (C4I) system for an international customer that has experienced performance issues and for which we have periodically accrued reserves at our RMS business segment. As of March 29, 2020, cumulative losses remained at approximately $260 million. We continue to monitor program requirements and our performance. At this time, we do not anticipate additional charges that would be material to our operating results or financial condition.
As previously disclosed in our 2019 Form 10-K, we have two commercial satellite programs at our Space business segment for which we have experienced performance issues related to the development and integration of a modernized LM 2100 satellite platform. These programs are for the delivery of three satellites in total, including two that launched in 2019 and one that launched in February 2020. We have periodically revised our estimated costs to complete these developmental commercial programs. As of March 29, 2020, cumulative losses remained at approximately $410 million for these programs. We do not anticipate that additional losses, if any, would be material to our operating results or financial condition.
As previously disclosed in our 2019 Form 10-K, we are responsible for designing, developing and installing an upgraded turret for the Warrior Capability Sustainment Program. In 2018, we revised our estimated costs to complete the program as a consequence of performance issues, and recorded charges at our MFC business segment. As of March 29,
2020, cumulative losses remained at approximately $140 million on this program. We may continue to experience issues related to customer requirements and our performance under this contract and may have to record additional reserves. However, based on the losses already recorded and our current estimate of the sales and costs to complete the program, at this time we do not anticipate that additional losses, if any, would be material to our operating results or financial condition.
Investment in Advanced Military Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul Center LLC (AMMROC)
As of March 29, 2020, we had an investment in the AMMROC joint venture, which is located in the United Arab Emirates, with a carrying value of $435 million. We account for our investment in AMMROC using the equity method. Substantially all of AMMROC’s current business is dependent on a single customer contract to provide maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) services for fixed and rotary wing military aircraft that was up for re-competition. In April 2020, subsequent to the end of our first quarter, the customer announced its intent to award the contract to a competitor. However, the customer has not yet executed the new contract nor defined when or how the MRO services will transition to the competitor. We are working with AMMROC’s management and our joint venture partner to understand our options, including whether there is a basis to challenge the award and retain the MRO services, explore the possibility of AMMROC continuing to provide MRO services as a subcontractor to the competitor, an opportunity to replace the contract with other customer arrangements, or winding down the business. At this time, we cannot determine the extent of the non-cash impairment charge, if any, related to our investment until we fully evaluate the options described above, the customer’s plan to transition the MRO services to the competitor, what may occur with the remaining portion of AMMROC’s business, the potential liquidation of AMMROC’s assets and a final distribution to the owners, and our rights under jurisdictional law and the joint venture agreement, among other items. However, if the customer moves forward with transitioning the MRO services to the competitor and AMMROC is not a subcontractor (or has only a limited role), we expect there would be an adverse impact to AMMROC’s business and the carrying value of our investment, which could be significant and an impairment could occur as early as the second quarter of 2020. Other than the impact to earnings for a potential non-cash impairment charge, currently we do not expect any other significant impacts to our 2020 operating results, financial position or cash flows.
Backlog
Backlog (i.e., unfulfilled or remaining performance obligations) represents the sales we expect to recognize for our products and services for which control has not yet transferred to the customer. For our cost-reimbursable and fixed-priced-incentive contracts, the estimated consideration we expect to receive pursuant to the terms of the contract may exceed the contractual award amount. The estimated consideration is determined at the outset of the contract and is continuously reviewed throughout the contract period. In determining the estimated consideration, we consider the risks related to the technical, schedule and cost impacts to complete the contract and an estimate of any variable consideration. Periodically, we review these risks and may increase or decrease backlog accordingly. As the risks on such contracts are successfully retired, the estimated consideration from customers may be reduced, resulting in a reduction of backlog without a corresponding recognition of sales. As of March 29, 2020, our ending backlog was $144.1 billion. We expect to recognize approximately 37% of our backlog over the next 12 months and approximately 62% over the next 24 months as revenue, with the remainder recognized thereafter.
Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate was 15.4% for the quarter ended March 29, 2020, and 12.4% for the quarter ended March 31, 2019. The rate for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 benefited from additional tax deductions of $65 million, or $0.23 per share, recorded discretely for 2018, based on proposed tax regulations released on March 4, 2019, which clarified that foreign military sales qualify for foreign derived intangible income treatment. The rates for both periods benefited from tax deductions for employee equity awards, the research and development tax credit, tax deductions for foreign derived intangible income, and dividends paid to the corporation's defined contribution plans with an employee stock ownership plan feature.
Sale of Customer Receivables
On occasion, our customers may seek deferred payment terms to purchase our products. In connection with these transactions, we may, at our customer’s request, enter into arrangements for the non-recourse sale of customer receivables to unrelated third-party financial institutions. For accounting purposes, these transactions are not discounted
and are treated as a sale of receivables as we have no continuing involvement. The sale proceeds from the financial institutions are reflected in our operating cash flows on the statement of cash flows. We sold customer receivables of $146 million during the quarter ended March 29, 2020 and $104 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2019. There were no gains or losses related to sales of these receivables.