SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICY UPDATES (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

As described in “Note 1 – Basis of Presentation” and “Note 12 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements,” effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606, which changed the way we recognize revenue for certain contracts. Accounting policies that were significantly affected by the adoption of ASC 606 are discussed below.

Revenue Recognition

The majority of our net sales are generated from long-term contracts with the U.S. Government and international customers (including foreign military sales (FMS) contracted through the U.S. Government) for the research, design, development, manufacture, integration and sustainment of advanced technology systems, products and services. We provide our products and services under fixed-price and cost-reimbursable contracts.

Under fixed-price contracts we agree to perform the specified work for a pre-determined price. To the extent our actual costs vary from the estimates upon which the price was negotiated, we will generate more or less profit or could incur a loss. Some fixed-price contracts have a performance-based component under which we may earn incentive payments or incur financial penalties based on our performance.

Cost-reimbursable contracts provide for the payment of allowable costs incurred during performance of the contract plus a fee up to a ceiling based on the amount that has been funded. Typically, we enter into three types of cost-reimbursable contracts: cost-plus-award-fee, cost-plus-incentive-fee, and cost-plus-fixed-fee. Cost-plus-award-fee contracts provide for an award fee that varies within specified limits based on the customer’s assessment of our performance against a predetermined set of criteria, such as targets based on cost, quality, technical and schedule criteria. Cost-plus-incentive-fee contracts provide for reimbursement of costs plus a fee, which is adjusted by a formula based on the relationship of total allowable costs to total target costs (i.e., incentive based on cost) or reimbursement of costs plus an incentive to exceed stated performance targets (i.e., incentive based on performance). The fixed-fee in a cost-plus-fixed-fee contract is negotiated at the inception of the contract and that fixed-fee does not vary with actual costs.

We account for a contract after it has been approved by all parties to the arrangement, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable.

We assess each contract at its inception to determine whether it should be combined with other contracts. When making this determination, we consider factors such as whether two or more contracts were negotiated and executed at or near the same time or were negotiated with an overall profit objective. If combined, we treat the combined contracts as a single contract for revenue recognition purposes.

We evaluate the products or services promised in each contract at inception to determine whether the contract should be accounted for as having one or more performance obligations. The products and services in our contracts are typically not distinct from one another due to their complex relationships and the significant contract management functions we are required to perform under the contract. Accordingly, our contracts are typically accounted for as one performance obligation. In limited cases, our contracts have more than one distinct performance obligation, which occurs when we perform activities that are not highly complex or interrelated or involve different product lifecycles. Significant judgment is required in determining performance obligations, and these decisions could change the amount of revenue and profit recorded in a given period. We classify net sales as products or services on our consolidated statements of earnings based on the predominant attributes of the performance obligations.

We determine the transaction price for each contract based on the consideration we expect to receive for the products or services being provided under the contract. For contracts where a portion of the price may vary we estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount, which is included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. We analyze the risk of a significant revenue reversal and if necessary constrain the amount of variable consideration recognized in order to mitigate this risk.

At the inception of a contract we estimate the transaction price based on our current rights and do not contemplate future modifications (including unexercised options) or follow-on contracts until they become legally enforceable. Contracts are often subsequently modified to include changes in specifications, requirements or price, which may create new or change existing enforceable rights and obligations. Depending on the nature of the modification, we consider whether to account for the modification as an adjustment to the existing contract or as a separate contract. Generally, modifications to our contracts are not distinct from the existing contract due to the significant integration and interrelated tasks provided in the context of the contract. Therefore, such modifications are accounted for as if they were part of the existing contract and recognized as a cumulative adjustment to revenue.

For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the estimated standalone selling price of the product or service underlying each performance obligation. The standalone selling price represents the amount we would sell the product or service to a customer on a standalone basis (i.e., not bundled with any other products or services). Our contracts with the U.S. Government, including FMS contracts, are subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) and the price is typically based on estimated or actual costs plus a reasonable profit margin. As a result of these regulations, the standalone selling price of products or services in our contracts with the U.S. Government and FMS contracts are typically equal to the selling price stated in the contract. Therefore, we typically do not need to allocate (or reallocate) the transaction price to multiple performance obligations.

For non-U.S. Government contracts with multiple performance obligations, we evaluate whether the stated selling prices for the products or services represent their standalone selling prices. We primarily sell customized solutions unique to a customer’s specifications. When it is necessary to allocate the transaction price to multiple performance obligations, we typically use the expected cost plus a reasonable profit margin to estimate the standalone selling price of each product or service. We occasionally sell standard products or services with observable standalone sales transactions. In these situations, the observable standalone sales transactions are used to determine the standalone selling price.

We recognize revenue as performance obligations are satisfied and the customer obtains control of the products and services. In determining when performance obligations are satisfied, we consider factors such as contract terms, payment terms and whether there is an alternative future use of the product or service. Substantially all of our revenue is recognized over a period of time as we perform under the contract because control of the work in process transfers continuously to the customer. For contracts with the U.S. Government and FMS contracts, this continuous transfer of control of the work in process to the customer is supported by clauses in the contract that allow the customer to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay us for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit, and take control of any work in process. Our non-U.S. Government contracts, primarily international direct commercial contracts, typically do not include termination for convenience provisions. However, continuous transfer of control to our customer is supported as, if our customer were to terminate the contract for reasons other than our non-performance, we would have the right to recover damages which would include, among other potential damages, the right to payment for our work performed to date plus a reasonable profit to deliver products or services that do not have an alternative use to us.

For performance obligations to deliver products with continuous transfer of control to the customer, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation, generally using the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost measure of progress for our contracts because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs to complete the performance obligation(s). For performance obligations to provide services to the customer, revenue is recognized over a period of time based on costs incurred or the right to invoice method (in situations where the value transferred matches our billing rights) as our customer receives and consumes the benefits.

For performance obligations in which control does not continuously transfer to the customer, we recognize revenue at the point in time in which each performance obligation is fully satisfied. This coincides with the point in time the customer obtains control of the product or service, which typically occurs upon customer acceptance or receipt of the product or service, given that we maintain control of the product or service until that point.

Backlog (i.e., unfulfilled or remaining performance obligations) represents the sales we expect to recognize for our products and services for which control has not yet transferred to the customer. For our cost-reimbursable and fixed-priced-incentive contracts, the estimated consideration we expect to receive pursuant to the terms of the contract may exceed the contractual award amount. The estimated consideration is determined at the outset of the contract and is continuously reviewed throughout the contract period. In determining the estimated consideration, we consider the risks related to the technical, schedule and cost aspects of the contract and an estimate of any variable consideration. Periodically, we review these risks and may increase or decrease backlog accordingly. As the risks on such contracts are successfully retired, the estimated consideration from customers may be reduced, resulting in a reduction of backlog without a corresponding recognition of sales. As of September 30, 2018, our ending backlog was $109 billion. We expect to recognize approximately 40% over the next 12 months and approximately 65% over the next 24 months as revenue, with the remainder recognized thereafter.

For arrangements with the U.S. Government and FMS contracts, we generally do not begin work on contracts until funding is appropriated by the customer. Billing timetables and payment terms on our contracts vary based on a number of factors, including the contract type. Typical payment terms under fixed-price contracts with the U.S. Government provide that the customer pays either performance-based payments (PBPs) based on the achievement of contract milestones or progress payments based on a percentage of costs we incur. For the majority of our international direct commercial contracts to deliver complex systems, we typically receive advance payments prior to commencement of work, as well as milestone payments that are paid in accordance with the terms of our contract as we perform. We recognize a liability for payments in excess of revenue recognized, which is presented as a contract liability on the balance sheet. The portion of payments retained by the customer until final contract settlement is not considered a significant financing component because the intent is to protect the customer from our failure to adequately complete some or all of the obligations under the contract. Payments received from customers in advance of revenue recognition are not considered to be significant financing components because they are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract.

For fixed-price and cost-reimbursable contracts, we present revenues recognized in excess of billings as contract assets on the balance sheet. Amounts billed and due from our customers under both contract types are classified as receivables on the balance sheet.

Significant estimates and assumptions are made in estimating contract sales and costs, including the profit booking rate. At the outset of a long-term contract, we identify and monitor risks to the achievement of the technical, schedule and cost aspects of the contract, as well as variable consideration, and assess the effects of those risks on our estimates of sales and total costs to complete the contract. The estimates consider the technical requirements (e.g., a newly-developed product versus a mature product), the schedule and associated tasks (e.g., the number and type of milestone events) and costs (e.g., material, labor, subcontractor, overhead, general and administrative and the estimated costs to fulfill our industrial cooperation agreements, sometimes referred to as offset or localization agreements, required under certain contracts with international customers). The initial profit booking rate of each contract considers risks surrounding the ability to achieve the technical requirements, schedule and costs in the initial estimated total costs to complete the contract. Profit booking rates may increase during the performance of the contract if we successfully retire risks surrounding the technical, schedule and cost aspects of the contract, which decreases the estimated total costs to complete the contract or may increase the variable consideration we expect to receive on the contract. Conversely, our profit booking rates may decrease if the estimated total costs to complete the contract increase or our estimates of variable consideration we expect to receive decrease. All of the estimates are subject to change during the performance of the contract and may affect the profit booking rate. When estimates of total costs to be incurred on a contract exceed total estimates of the transaction price, a provision for the entire loss is determined at the contract level and is recorded in the period in which the loss is determined.

Comparability of our segment sales, operating profit and operating margin may be impacted favorably or unfavorably by changes in profit booking rates on our contracts for which we recognize revenue over a period of time using the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method to measure progress towards completion. Increases in the profit booking rates, typically referred to as risk retirements, usually relate to revisions in the estimated total costs to fulfill the performance obligations that reflect improved conditions on a particular contract. Conversely, conditions on a particular contract may deteriorate, resulting in an increase in the estimated total costs to fulfill the performance obligations and a reduction in the profit booking rate. Increases or decreases in profit booking rates are recognized in the current period and reflect the inception-to-date effect of such changes. Segment operating profit and margin may also be impacted favorably or unfavorably by other items, which may or may not impact sales. Favorable items may include the positive resolution of contractual matters, cost recoveries on severance and restructuring charges, insurance recoveries and gains on sales of assets. Unfavorable items may include the adverse resolution of contractual matters; restructuring charges, except for significant severance actions, which are excluded from segment operating results; reserves for disputes; certain asset impairments; and losses on sales of certain assets.

Our consolidated net adjustments not related to volume, including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters, increased segment operating profit by approximately $545 million and $1.4 billion during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $365 million and $1.2 billion during the quarter and nine months ended September 24, 2017. These adjustments increased net earnings by approximately $431 million ($1.50 per share) and $1.1 billion ($3.93 per share) during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $237 million ($0.82 per share) and $765 million ($2.63 per share) during the quarter and nine months ended September 24, 2017. We recognized net sales from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods of approximately $595 million and $1.6 billion during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $385 million and $1.3 billion during the quarter and nine months ended September 24, 2017, which primarily relate to changes in profit booking rates that impacted revenue.

We have a program, EADGE-T, to design, integrate, and install an air missile defense command, control, communications, computers – intelligence (C4I) system for an international customer that has experienced performance matters and for which we have periodically accrued reserves. During the first quarter of 2017, we revised our estimated costs to complete the EADGE-T contract as a consequence of ongoing performance matters and recorded an additional charge of $120 million ($74 million or $0.25 per share, after tax) at our Rotary and Mission Systems (RMS) business segment, which resulted in cumulative losses of approximately $260 million on this program. As of September 30, 2018, cumulative losses remained at approximately $260 million. We continue to monitor program requirements and our performance. At this time, we do not anticipate additional charges that would be material to our operating results or financial condition.

We have two commercial satellite programs, for the delivery of three satellites in total, at our Space business segment, for which we have experienced performance issues related to the development and integration of a modernized LM 2100 satellite platform. These commercial programs require the development of new satellite technology to enhance the LM 2100’s power, propulsion and electronics, among other items. The enhanced LM 2100 satellite platform is expected to benefit other commercial and government satellite programs. We have periodically revised our estimated costs to complete these developmental commercial programs. During the first six months of 2018, we recorded losses of approximately $75 million ($56 million, or $0.20 per share, after tax), which resulted in cumulative losses of approximately $380 million for these programs. As of September 30, 2018, cumulative losses remain at approximately $380 million. While these losses reflect our estimated total losses on the programs, we will continue to incur unrecoverable general and administrative costs each period until we complete these programs. These programs remain developmental and further challenges in the delivery and integration of new satellite technology, anomalies discovered during system testing requiring repair or rework, further schedule delays and potential penalties could require that we record additional loss reserves which could be material to our operating results. As we did not meet the July 2018 delivery requirement on one of the programs, the customer could seek to exercise a termination right, but we believe that the probability that this will occur is remote as the customer has an immediate need for the satellites. Were the customer to seek to exercise a termination right and be successful in this effort, we would have to refund the payments we have received and pay certain penalties. On the other program, we currently anticipate delivering the satellite before the date upon which the customer could seek to exercise a termination right although we may have to pay certain penalties and have sought to address this possibility in our reserves.

We are responsible for designing, developing and installing an upgraded turret for the Warrior Capability Sustainment Program. During the first six months of 2018, we revised our estimated costs to complete the program as a consequence of performance issues, and recorded a reserve of $85 million ($64 million, or $0.22 per share, after tax) at our MFC business segment, which resulted in cumulative losses of approximately $140 million on this program. As of September 30, 2018, cumulative losses remain at approximately $140 million. We may continue to experience issues related to customer requirements and our performance under this contract and have to record additional reserves. However, based on the losses already recorded and our current estimate of the sales and costs to complete the program, at this time we do not anticipate that additional losses, if any, would be material to our operating results or financial condition.

Receivables, Net

Receivables, net represent our unconditional right to consideration under the contract and include amounts billed and currently due from customers. The amounts are stated at their net estimated realizable value. There were no significant impairment losses related to our receivables during the quarters and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 24, 2017.

On occasion, our customers may seek deferred payment terms to purchase our products. In connection with these transactions, we may, at our customer’s request, enter into arrangements for the non-recourse sale of customer receivables to unrelated third–party financial institutions. For accounting purposes, these transactions are not discounted and are treated as a sale of receivables as we have no continuing involvement. The sale proceeds from the financial institutions are reflected in our operating cash flows on the statement of cash flows. We sold customer receivables of $41 million and $268 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $146 million and $511 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 24, 2017. There were no gains or losses related to sales of these receivables.

Contract Assets

Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under contracts when the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. The amounts may not exceed their estimated net realizable value. Contract assets are classified as current based on our contract operating cycle and are reported on a contract-by-contract basis, net of revenue recognized, at the end of each reporting period.

Inventories

We record inventories at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that the utility of our inventories have diminished through damage, deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price or other causes, a loss is recognized in the period in which it occurs. We capitalize labor, material, subcontractor and overhead costs as work-in-process for contracts where control has not yet passed to the customer. In addition, we capitalize costs incurred to fulfill a contract in advance of contract award in inventories as work-in-process if we determine that contract award is probable. We determine the costs of other product and supply inventories by using the first-in first-out or average cost methods.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities (formerly referred to as customer advances and amounts in excess of costs incurred) include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Contract liabilities are classified as current based on our contract operating cycle and are reported on a contract-by-contract basis, net of revenue recognized, at the end of each reporting period.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606, which replaces existing revenue recognition guidance and outlines a single set of comprehensive principles for recognizing revenue under GAAP. Among other things, ASC 606 requires entities to assess the products or services promised in contracts with customers at contract inception to determine the appropriate unit at which to record revenues, which is referred to as a performance obligation. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, we recognized the majority of our revenues using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Based on the nature of products provided or services performed, revenue was recorded as costs were incurred (the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method) or as units were delivered (the percentage-of-completion units-of-delivery method). For most of our contracts, the customer obtains control or receives benefits as we perform on the contract. As a result, under ASC 606 revenue is recognized over a period of time utilizing the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method. This change generally results in an acceleration of revenue for contracts that were historically accounted for using the percentage-of-completion units-of-delivery method as revenues are now recognized earlier in the performance period as we incur costs. For more information on our policy for recognizing revenue under ASC 606, see “Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policy Updates.” Significant programs impacted by these changes include the C-130J and C-5 programs in our Aeronautics business segment; tactical missile programs (Hellfire and Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM)), Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3), and fire control programs (LANTIRN^® and SNIPER^®) in our MFC business segment; the Black Hawk^® and Seahawk^® helicopter programs in our RMS business segment; and commercial satellite programs in our Space business segment.

We adopted ASC 606 using the full retrospective method, which means we applied the new standard to each prior year presented in our financial statements going back to January 1, 2016, with a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2016 for contracts that were in process at that point in time. Accordingly, the amounts for all periods presented in this Form 10-Q have been adjusted to reflect the impacts of ASC 606.

Effective January 1, 2018, we also adopted ASU 2017-07, which changed the income statement presentation of certain components of net periodic benefit cost related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans. ASU 2017-07 requires entities to record only the service cost component of FAS pension and other postretirement benefit plan expense in operating profit and the non-service cost components of FAS pension and other postretirement benefit plan expense (i.e., interest cost, expected return on plan assets, net actuarial gains or losses, and amortization of prior service cost or credits) as part of non-operating expense. Previously, we recorded all components of net periodic benefit cost in operating profit as part of cost of sales. We adopted ASU 2017-07 using the retrospective method, which means we applied the new standard to each prior period presented in our financial statements going back to January 1, 2016.

The following tables summarize the effects of adopting ASC 606 and ASU 2017-07 on our consolidated statement of earnings for the quarter and nine months ended September 24, 2017 (unaudited; in millions, except per share data):



	Quarter Ended
				Adjustments for
	Historical			ASC 606			ASU 2017-07			Adjusted
Net sales
Products	$	10,496		$	132		$	—		$	10,628
Services	1,673			40			—			1,713
Total net sales	12,169			172			—			12,341
Cost of sales
Products	(9,481		)	(63		)	—			(9,544		)
Services	(1,513		)	(71		)	—			(1,584		)
Other unallocated, net	176			—			211			387
Total cost of sales	(10,818		)	(134		)	211			(10,741		)
Gross profit	1,351			38			211			1,600
Other income, net	77			—			—			77
Operating profit	1,428			38			211			1,677
Interest expense	(162		)	—			—			(162		)
Other non-operating expense, net	(7		)	—			(211		)	(218		)
Earnings before income taxes	1,259			38			—			1,297
Income tax expense	(320		)	(14		)	—			(334		)
Net earnings	$	939		$	24		$	—		$	963

Earnings per common share
Basic	$	3.27		$	0.08		$	—		$	3.35
Diluted	$	3.24		$	0.08		$	—		$	3.32
Cash dividends paid per common share	$	1.82		$	—		$	—		$	1.82



	Nine Months Ended
				Adjustments for
	Historical			ASC 606			ASU 2017-07			Adjusted
Net sales
Products	$	30,837		$	26		$	—		$	30,863
Services	5,074			179			—			5,253
Total net sales	35,911			205			—			36,116
Cost of sales
Products	(27,919		)	69			—			(27,850		)
Services	(4,547		)	(177		)	—			(4,724		)
Other unallocated, net	484			—			636			1,120
Total cost of sales	(31,982		)	(108		)	636			(31,454		)
Gross profit	3,929			97			636			4,662
Other income, net	133			—			—			133
Operating profit	4,062			97			636			4,795
Interest expense	(477		)	—			—			(477		)
Other non-operating expense, net	(8		)	—			(636		)	(644		)
Earnings before income taxes	3,577			97			—			3,674
Income tax expense	(933		)	(34		)	—			(967		)
Net earnings	$	2,644		$	63		$	—		$	2,707

Earnings per common share
Basic	$	9.16		$	0.22		$	—		$	9.38
Diluted	$	9.08		$	0.21		$	—		$	9.29
Cash dividends paid per common share	$	5.46		$	—		$	—		$	5.46

As a result of the increase in net earnings, our comprehensive income for the quarter and nine months ended September 24, 2017 increased by $24 million to $1.2 billion and increased by $63 million to $3.4 billion.

The following table summarizes the effects of adopting ASC 606 on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 (ASU 2017-07 had no impact on our consolidated balance sheet) (unaudited; in millions, except par value):



				Adjustments for
	Historical				ASC 606			Adjusted
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,861			$	—		$	2,861
Receivables, net	8,603				(6,338		)	2,265
Contract assets	—				7,992			7,992
Inventories	4,487				(1,609		)	2,878
Other current assets	1,510				(1		)	1,509
Total current assets	17,461				44			17,505
Property, plant and equipment, net	5,775				—			5,775
Goodwill	10,807				—			10,807
Intangible assets, net	3,797				—			3,797
Deferred income taxes	3,111				45			3,156
Other noncurrent assets	5,570				10			5,580
Total assets	$	46,521			$	99		$	46,620
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	1,467			$	—		$	1,467
Contract liabilities ^(a)	6,752				276			7,028
Salaries, benefits and payroll taxes	1,785				—			1,785
Current maturities of long-term debt	750				—			750
Other current liabilities	1,883				—			1,883
Total current liabilities	12,637				276			12,913
Long-term debt, net	13,513				—			13,513
Accrued pension liabilities	15,703				—			15,703
Other postretirement benefit liabilities	719				—			719
Other noncurrent liabilities	4,558				(10		)	4,548
Total liabilities	47,130				266			47,396
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $1 par value per share	284				—			284
Additional paid-in capital	—				—			—
Retained earnings	11,573				(168		)	11,405
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(12,540		)		1			(12,539		)
Total stockholders’ deficit	(683		)		(167		)	(850		)
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiary	74				—			74
Total deficit	(609		)		(167		)	(776		)
Total liabilities and equity	$	46,521			$	99		$	46,620


^(a)	Formerly referred to as customer advances and amounts in excess of costs incurred.

The following table summarizes the effects of adopting ASC 606 on certain components within our net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 24, 2017 (ASC 606 had no impact on total operating cash flows or cash flows from investing and financing activities) (unaudited; in millions):



				Adjustments for
	Historical				ASC 606			Adjusted
Operating activities
Net earnings	$	2,644			$	63		$	2,707
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	880				—			880
Stock-based compensation	133				—			133
Changes in assets and liabilities
Receivables, net	(819		)		(15		)	(834		)
Contract assets	—				(228		)	(228		)
Inventories	(133		)		67			(66		)
Accounts payable	1,229				—			1,229
Contract liabilities ^(a)	(581		)		89			(492		)
Postretirement benefit plans	1,012				—			1,012
Income taxes	(202		)		—			(202		)
Other, net	801				24			825
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	4,964			$	—		$	4,964


^(a)	Formerly referred to as customer advances and amounts in excess of costs incurred.

Effective January 1, 2018, we also adopted ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which provides entities an option to reclassify certain tax effects as a result of the Tax Act from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss to retained earnings. The adoption of ASU 2018-02 increased our AOCL at January 1, 2018 by $2.4 billion with a corresponding increase to retained earnings by the same amount with zero impact to total equity. The reclassification was primarily related to the impact of the Tax Act on deferred tax assets associated with net actuarial losses (and prior service credits) resulting from our defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans that were originally recorded in AOCL within equity. Those amounts were originally recorded net of deferred tax benefits based on the federal statutory income tax rate in effect at the time they were recorded. GAAP requires entities to remeasure deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of a change in tax laws or rates, with the impacts reflected in earnings. Accordingly, in the fourth quarter of 2017, we remeasured the deferred tax assets associated with our AOCL using the lower U.S. corporate income tax rate under the Tax Act, with the impacts of the remeasurement recorded as a one-time charge to earnings. Prior to ASU 2018-02, GAAP required the original deferred tax amount recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, to remain at the old tax rate despite the fact that its related deferred tax asset or liability was remeasured as a result of the Tax Act. ASU 2018-02 allows entities to record a one-time reclassification of these tax effects between accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and retained earnings. We reclassified the impact of the income tax effects of the Tax Act from AOCL in the period in which they occurred.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Topic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements For Defined Benefit Plans. The new standard modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans by removing and adding certain disclosures for these plans. The effective date is our fiscal year ending December 31, 2020 with early adoption permitted and requires application on a retrospective basis. The adoption will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), which eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted and required application on a retrospective basis. We do not expect a significant impact to our consolidated assets and liabilities, net earnings, or cash flows as a result of adopting this new standard. We plan to adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2019.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended, which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for most lease arrangements and expands disclosures about leasing arrangements for both lessees and lessors, among other items. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, which makes the new standard effective for us on January 1, 2019. We may apply the transition provisions of ASU 2016-02, as amended, either at the beginning of the earliest period presented in our fiscal year 2019 Form 10-K, which would be January 1, 2017, or on the effective date of adoption, which would be January 1, 2019. Among other requirements, the transition provisions require the lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and liability for most existing lease arrangements on the date the transition provisions are applied. We have elected to apply the transition provisions of this new standard on January 1, 2019. Therefore, periods prior to the effective date of adoption will continue to be reported using current GAAP (ASC 840).

We commenced our evaluation of the impact of the new lease accounting standard in late 2016 by evaluating its impact on selected contracts. With this baseline understanding, we developed a project plan to evaluate numerous contracts across our corporation, develop processes and tools to implement the new standard and identify and design changes to internal controls by January 1, 2019. We have successfully identified and classified our lease population and we continued to perform under the project plan through the end of the third quarter of 2018. The majority of our existing lease arrangements are classified as operating leases, which we expect will continue to be classified as operating under the new standard. Based on the net present value of leases outstanding at September 30, 2018, we expect to record a right-of-use asset and lease liability of approximately $1.1 billion each, on our balance sheet upon adoption of the new standard on January 1, 2019. We do not anticipate that adoption of the new standard will have a significant impact on our net earnings or cash flows.

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

We compute basic and diluted earnings per common share by dividing net earnings by the respective weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the periods presented. Our calculation of diluted earnings per common share also includes the dilutive effects for the assumed vesting of outstanding restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance stock units (PSUs) and exercise of outstanding stock options based on the treasury stock method.

INVENTORY COSTS FOR CONTRACTS

Costs incurred to fulfill a contract in advance of the contract being awarded are included in inventories as work-in-process if we determine that those costs relate directly to a contract or to an anticipated contract that we can specifically identify and contract award is probable, the costs generate or enhance resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations, and the costs are recoverable (referred to as pre-contract costs). Pre-contract costs that are initially capitalized in inventory are generally recognized as cost of sales consistent with the transfer of products and services to the customer upon the receipt of the anticipated contract. All other pre-contract costs, including start-up costs, are expensed as incurred.