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Segment and Entity Wide Disclosures
 12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
SEGMENT AND ENTITY WIDE DISCLOSURES SEGMENT AND ENTITY WIDE DISCLOSURES
Segment Reporting

Ciena has the following operating segments for reporting purposes: (i) Networking Platforms; (ii) Platform Software and Services; (iii) Blue Planet Automation Software and Services; and (iv) Global Services. During fiscal 2019, Ciena separated its
previous Software and Software-Related Services into two stand-alone operating segments. Because Ciena previously disclosed its Platform Software and Services and Blue Planet Automation Software and Services as distinct product lines in its presentation of segment revenue for Software and Software-Related Services, there is no significant change to Ciena’s presentation of segment revenues as a result of this separation. Comparative periods have been retrospectively adjusted to disclose segment profit for Platform Software and Services and Blue Planet Automation Software and Services. See Note 2 above.

Ciena’s long-lived assets, including equipment, building, furniture and fixtures, Operating ROU assets, finite-lived intangible assets, and maintenance spares, are not reviewed by the chief operating decision maker for purposes of evaluating performance and allocating resources. As of October 31, 2020, equipment, building, furniture and fixtures, net, totaled $272.4 million, and Operating ROU assets totaled $57.0 million both of which support asset groups within Ciena’s four operating segments and unallocated selling and general and administrative activities. As of October 31, 2020, finite-lived intangible assets, goodwill and maintenance spares are assigned to asset groups within the following segments (in thousands):

October 31, 2020
Networking PlatformsPlatform Software and ServicesBlue Planet Automation Software and ServicesGlobal ServicesTotal
Other intangible assets, net$10,977 $— $85,670 $— $96,647 
Goodwill$65,607 $156,191 $89,049 $— $310,847 
Maintenance spares, net$— $— $— $62,077 $62,077 

Segment Revenue
The table below sets forth Ciena’s segment revenue for the respective periods (in thousands):
 Year Ended
 October 31, 2020November 2, 2019November 3, 2018
Revenue: 
Networking Platforms
  Converged Packet Optical$2,547,647 $2,562,841 $2,194,519 
  Packet Networking267,416 348,477 283,499 
    Total Networking Platforms2,815,063 2,911,318 2,478,018 
Platform Software and Services197,809 155,376 173,949 
Blue Planet Automation Software and Services62,632 54,555 26,764 
Global Services
  Maintenance Support and Training269,354 261,337 245,161 
  Installation and Deployment152,003 148,233 128,829 
  Consulting and Network Design35,296 41,312 41,565 
    Total Global Services456,653 450,882 415,555 
Consolidated revenue$3,532,157 $3,572,131 $3,094,286 
Segment Profit (Loss)
Segment profit (loss) is determined based on internal performance measures used by Ciena’s chief executive officer to assess the performance of each operating segment in a given period. In connection with that assessment, the chief executive officer excludes the following items: selling and marketing costs; general and administrative costs; amortization of intangible assets; significant asset impairments and restructuring costs, acquisition and integration costs; interest and other income (loss), net; interest expense; loss on extinguishment and modification of debt and provision for income taxes.
The table below sets forth Ciena’s segment profit (loss) and the reconciliation to consolidated net income (loss) for the respective periods indicated (in thousands):
 Year Ended
 October 31, 2020November 2, 2019November 3, 2018
Segment profit (loss): 
Networking Platforms$827,105 $759,244 $581,113 
Platform Software and Services105,609 64,210 78,048 
Blue Planet Automation Software and Services(12,446)(17,769)(8,240)
Global Services202,735 188,242 172,205 
Total segment profit1,123,003 993,927 823,126 
Less: non-performance operating expenses 
  Selling and marketing416,425 423,046 394,060 
  General and administrative169,548 174,399 160,133 
  Amortization of intangible assets23,383 21,808 15,737 
  Acquisition and integration costs4,031 3,370 5,111 
  Significant asset impairments and restructuring costs22,652 24,538 18,139 
Add: other non-performance financial items
  Interest and other income (loss), net964 3,876 (12,029)
  Interest expense(31,321)(37,452)(55,249)
  Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt(646)— (13,887)
Less: Provision for income taxes94,670 59,756 493,471 
Consolidated net income (loss)$361,291 $253,434 $(344,690)

Entity Wide Reporting
Ciena’s operating segments each engage in business across three geographic regions: Americas; EMEA; and APAC. Americas include activities in North America and South America (previously, CALA). The following table reflects Ciena’s geographic distribution of revenue principally based on the relevant location for Ciena’s delivery of products and performance of services. For the periods below, Ciena’s geographic distribution of revenue was as follows (in thousands):
 Year Ended
 October 31, 2020November 2, 2019November 3, 2018
Americas$2,469,278 $2,503,913 $2,026,627 
EMEA591,468 566,718 464,876 
APAC471,411 501,500 602,783 
Total$3,532,157 $3,572,131 $3,094,286 

North America includes $2.25 billion, $2.25 billion and $1.77 billion of United States revenue for fiscal years ended October 31, 2020, November 2, 2019 and November 3, 2018, respectively. No other country accounted for at least 10% of total revenue for the periods presented above.

The following table reflects Ciena’s geographic distribution of equipment, building, furniture and fixtures, net, and Operating ROU assets, with any country accounting for at least 10% of total equipment, building, furniture and fixtures, net, and Operating ROU assets specifically identified. Equipment, building, furniture and fixtures, net, and Operating ROU assets attributable to geographic regions outside of the United States and Canada are reflected as “Other International.” For the periods below, Ciena’s geographic distribution of equipment, building, furniture and fixtures, net, and Operating ROU assets was as follows (in thousands):
 October 31, 2020November 2, 2019
Canada$214,188 $211,901 
United States65,321 58,119 
Other International49,894 16,864 
Total$329,403 $286,884 

While Ciena has benefited from the diversification of its business and customer base, its ten largest customers contributed 54.5% of fiscal 2020 revenue, 59.3% of fiscal 2019 revenue and 56.5% of fiscal 2018 revenue.

For the periods below, customers accounting for at least 10% of Ciena’s revenue were as follows (in thousands):
 October 31, 2020November 2, 2019November 3, 2018
AT&T$373,163 $388,704 $374,576 
Verizonn/a459,787 318,013 
Web-scale providern/a370,577 n/a
Total$373,163 $1,219,068 $692,589 
________________________________
n/aDenotes revenue representing less than 10% of total revenue for the period

The Web-scale provider noted above contributed greater than 10% of total revenue for the first time in fiscal 2019 and purchased products from each of Ciena’s operating segments excluding Blue Planet Automation Software and Services. The other customers identified above purchased products and services from each of Ciena’s operating segments.