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Taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Taxes on income
Income Taxes
Year ended December 31
 
 
2015

 
 
2014

 
2013

Income tax expense (benefit)
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. federal
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
$
(817
)
 
 
$
748

 
$
15

Deferred
(580
)
 
 
1,330

 
1,128

State and local
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
(187
)
 
 
336

 
120

Deferred
(109
)
 
 
36

 
74

Total United States
(1,693
)
 
 
2,450

 
1,337

International
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
2,997

 
 
9,235

 
12,296

Deferred
(1,172
)
 
 
207

 
675

Total International
1,825

 
 
9,442

 
12,971

Total income tax expense (benefit)
$
132

 
 
$
11,892

 
$
14,308
Reconciliation between the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate and the company's effective income tax rate
The reconciliation between the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate and the company’s effective income tax rate is detailed in the following table:
 
Year ended December 31
 
 
 
2015

 
 
 
2014

 
 
2013

 
U.S. statutory federal income tax rate
35.0

%
 
 
35.0

%
 
35.0

%
Effect of income taxes from international operations1
(25.1
)
 
 
 
2.1

 
 
4.4

 
State and local taxes on income, net of U.S. federal income tax benefit
(1.5
)
 
 
 
0.7

 
 
0.6

 
Tax credits
(0.7
)
 
 
 
(0.2
)
 
 
(0.5
)
 
Other1,2
(5.0
)
 
 
 
0.5

 
 
0.4

 
Effective tax rate
2.7

%
 
 
38.1

%
 
39.9

%
1 2013 and 2014 conformed to 2015 presentation.
2 2015 includes one-time tax benefits associated with changes in uncertain tax positions and provision-to-return adjustments.
Composition of deferred tax balances
The reported deferred tax balances are composed of the following:
 
At December 31
 
 
2015

 
 
2014

Deferred tax liabilities
 
 
 
 
Properties, plant and equipment
$
27,044

 
 
$
28,452

Investments and other
3,743

 
 
3,059

Total deferred tax liabilities
30,787

 
 
31,511

Deferred tax assets
 
 
 
 
Foreign tax credits
(10,534
)
 
 
(11,867
)
Abandonment/environmental reserves
(6,880
)
 
 
(6,686
)
Employee benefits
(4,801
)
 
 
(4,831
)
Deferred credits
(1,810
)
 
 
(1,828
)
Tax loss carryforwards
(2,748
)
 
 
(1,747
)
Other accrued liabilities
(525
)
 
 
(498
)
Inventory
(120
)
 
 
(153
)
Miscellaneous
(2,525
)
 
 
(2,128
)
Total deferred tax assets
(29,943
)
 
 
(29,738
)
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance
15,412

 
 
16,292

Total deferred taxes, net
$
16,256

 
 
$
18,065
Classification of deferred taxes
At December 31, 2015 and 2014, deferred taxes were classified on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows:
 
At December 31
 
 
2015

 
 
2014

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
(917
)
 
 
$
(1,071
)
Deferred charges and other assets
(4,512
)
 
 
(3,597
)
Federal and other taxes on income
996

 
 
813

Noncurrent deferred income taxes
20,689

 
 
21,920

Total deferred income taxes, net
$
16,256

 
 
$
18,065
Changes to the Company's unrecognized tax benefits
The following table indicates the changes to the company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. The term “unrecognized tax benefits” in the accounting standards for income taxes refers to the differences between a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and the benefit measured and recognized in the financial statements. Interest and penalties are not included.
 
2015

 
 
2014

 
2013

Balance at January 1
$
3,552

 
 
$
3,848

 
$
3,071

Foreign currency effects
(27
)
 
 
(25
)
 
(58
)
Additions based on tax positions taken in current year
154

 
 
354

 
276

Additions/reductions resulting from current-year asset acquisitions/sales
—

 
 
(22
)
 
—

Additions for tax positions taken in prior years
218

 
 
37

 
1,164

Reductions for tax positions taken in prior years
(678
)
 
 
(561
)
 
(176
)
Settlements with taxing authorities in current year
(5
)
 
 
(50
)
 
(320
)
Reductions as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations
(172
)
 
 
(29
)
 
(109
)
Balance at December 31
$
3,042

 
 
$
3,552

 
$
3,848
Taxes other than on income
 
Year ended December 31
 
 
2015

 
 
2014

 
2013

United States
 
 
 
 
 
 
Excise and similar taxes on products and merchandise
$
4,426

 
 
$
4,633

 
$
4,792

Import duties and other levies
4

 
 
6

 
4

Property and other miscellaneous taxes
1,367

 
 
1,002

 
1,036

Payroll taxes
270

 
 
273

 
255

Taxes on production
157

 
 
349

 
333

Total United States
6,224

 
 
6,263

 
6,420

International
 
 
 
 
 
 
Excise and similar taxes on products and merchandise
2,933

 
 
3,553

 
3,700

Import duties and other levies
40

 
 
45

 
41

Property and other miscellaneous taxes
2,548

 
 
2,277

 
2,486

Payroll taxes
161

 
 
172

 
168

Taxes on production
124

 
 
230

 
248

Total International
5,806

 
 
6,277

 
6,643

Total taxes other than on income
$
12,030

 
 
$
12,540

 
$
13,063