Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and use of estimates

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of VolitionRx Limited (the “Company” or “VolitionRx”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q of Regulation S-X. They do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The December 31, 2024 consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. However, except as disclosed herein, there has been no material change in the information disclosed in the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2025 (the “Annual Report”). The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with those audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, have been made. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025.

The preparation of the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include impairment of long-lived assets, accounts receivable, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, fair values of stock-based awards, income taxes among others. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s judgment. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Changes in accounting estimates may be necessary if there are changes in the circumstances or experiences on which the estimate was based or as a result of new information. Changes in estimates, including those resulting from changes in the economic environment, are reflected in the period in which the change in estimate occurs.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has implemented all applicable new accounting pronouncements that are in effect. The Company does not believe that there are any other applicable new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

Fair Value Measurements

Pursuant to ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” an entity is required to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC 820 prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1

Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2

Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3

Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The financial instruments of the Company consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, debt, and a warrant liability. These items are considered Level 1 due to their short-term nature and their market interest rates, except for the warrant liability, which is considered Level 2 and is recorded at fair value at the end of each reporting period.

Included in the following table are the Company’s major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2025.

Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2025
Description	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	$		$		$		$
Liabilities
Warrant liability		-		77,848		-		77,848
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024
Description	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
		$	$			$	$
Liabilities
Warrant liability		-		97,886		-		97,886

As of March 31, 2025, the warrant liability was $77,848. The following table provides a roll-forward of the warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Warrant Liability
	Total
	$
Balance at December 31, 2023		126,649
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability		(28,763	)
Balance at December 31, 2024		97,886
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability		(20,038	)
Balance at March 31, 2025		77,848

Basic And Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The Company computes net loss per share in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share,” which requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders (numerator) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding (denominator) during the period. Diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. In computing diluted EPS, the average stock price for the period is used in determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants. As of March 31, 2025, 48,265,651 potential common shares equivalents from warrants, options, and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) were excluded from the diluted EPS calculations as their effect is anti-dilutive.