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Mortgage Servicing Rights and Related Liabilities
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]  
Mortgage Servicing Rights and Related Liabilities
3. Mortgage Servicing Rights and Related Liabilities

The following table sets forth the carrying value of the Company’s MSRs and the related liabilities. In estimating the fair value of certain servicing rights and related liabilities, the impact of forbearance due to the COVID-19 pandemic was considered in the determination of key assumptions.
Successor
MSRs and Related LiabilitiesDecember 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Forward MSRs - fair value$2,703 $3,496 
Reverse MSRs - amortized cost5 6 
Mortgage servicing rights$2,708 $3,502 
Mortgage servicing liabilities - amortized cost$41 $61 
Excess spread financing - fair value$934 $1,311 
Mortgage servicing rights financing - fair value33 37 
MSR related liabilities - nonrecourse at fair value$967 $1,348 

Mortgage Servicing Rights
The Company owns and records at fair value the rights to service traditional residential mortgage (“forward”) loans for others either as a result of purchase transactions or from the retained servicing associated with the sales and securitizations of loans originated. MSRs are comprised of servicing rights of both agency and non-agency loans.

The following table sets forth the activities of forward MSRs:
Successor
Year Ended December 31,
Forward MSRs - Fair Value20202019
Fair value - beginning of year$3,496 $3,665 
Additions:
Servicing retained from mortgage loans sold687 434 
Purchases of servicing rights(1)
124 858 
Dispositions:
Sales of servicing assets(9)(408)
Changes in fair value:
Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model(889)(589)
Other changes in fair value(706)(464)
Fair value - end of year$2,703 $3,496 

(1)Purchases of servicing rights during the year ended December 31, 2019 include $271 of mortgage servicing rights that were acquired from Pacific Union. See Note 1, Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation, for further discussion. In addition, in 2019, the Company entered into a subservicing contract, resulting in additional $253 servicing rights during the second quarter of 2019.

From time to time, the Company sells its ownership interest in certain MSRs and is retained as the subservicer for the sold assets. The Company has evaluated the sale accounting requirements related to these transactions, including the Company’s continued involvement as the subservicer, and concluded that these transactions qualify for sale accounting treatment. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company sold $1,070 and $35,152 in unpaid principal balance of forward MSRs, of which $960 and $20,560 was retained by the Company as subservicer, respectively.
MSRs measured at fair value are segregated between investor type into agency and non-agency pools (referred to herein as “investor pools”) based upon contractual servicing agreements with investors at the respective balance sheet date to evaluate the MSR portfolio and fair value of the portfolio. Agency investors primarily consist of GSEs, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae” or “FNMA”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp (“Freddie Mac” or “FHLMC”), and the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae” or “GNMA”). Non-agency investors consist of investors in private-label securitizations.

The following table provides a breakdown of UPB and fair value for the Company’s forward MSRs:
Successor
December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Forward MSRs - UPB and Fair Value BreakdownUPBFair ValueUPBFair Value
Investor Pools
Agency$227,136 $2,305 $240,688 $2,944 
Non-agency44,053 398 56,094 552 
Total$271,189 $2,703 $296,782 $3,496 

Refer to Note 17, Fair Value Measurements, for further discussion on key weighted-average inputs and assumptions used in estimating the fair value of forward MSRs.

The following table shows the hypothetical effect on the fair value of the Company’s forward MSRs when applying certain unfavorable variations of key assumptions to these assets for the dates indicated:
Successor
Discount RateTotal Prepayment SpeedsCost to Service per Loan
Forward MSRs - Hypothetical Sensitivities
100 bps
Adverse
Change
200 bps
Adverse
Change
10%
Adverse
Change
20%
Adverse
Change
10%
Adverse
Change
20%
Adverse
Change
December 31, 2020
Mortgage servicing rights$(100)$(192)$(181)$(347)$(45)$(89)
December 31, 2019
Mortgage servicing rights$(127)$(245)$(165)$(317)N/AN/A

These hypothetical sensitivities should be evaluated with care. The effect on fair value of a 10% adverse change in assumptions generally cannot be determined because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the fair value may not be linear. Additionally, the impact of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value is calculated while holding other assumptions constant. In reality, changes in one factor may lead to changes in other factors, which could impact the above hypothetical effects.

Reverse Mortgage Servicing Rights and Liabilities - Amortized Cost
The Company services certain HECM reverse mortgage loans with an unpaid principal balance of $18,091 and $22,725 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The following table sets forth the activities of reverse MSRs and mortgage servicing liabilities (“MSL”):
Successor
Year Ended December 31,
20202019
Reverse MSRs and Liabilities - Amortized CostAssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
Balance - beginning of year$6 $61 $11 $71 
Amortization/accretion(1)(20)(1)(47)
Adjustments(1)
— — (4)37 
Balance - end of year$5 $41 $6 $61 
Fair value - end of year$6 $37 $6 $28 

(1)Reverse MSR and MSL net adjustments recorded by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily relate to the finalization of the preliminary fair value estimates recorded in connection with the Merger.
Management evaluates reverse MSRs and MSLs each reporting period for impairment. Based on management’s assessment at December 31, 2020 and 2019, no impairment or increased obligation was needed.

Excess Spread Financing - Fair Value
In order to finance the acquisition of certain MSRs on various portfolios, the Company previously entered into sale and assignment agreements with third parties and sold to these entities the right to receive a specified percentage of the excess cash flow generated from the portfolios in excess of a fixed base servicing fee per loan. The Company retains all the base servicing fee, ancillary income and interest float earnings on principal along with interest payments and escrow, and also incurs costs to service the specified pool. The Company is the legal owner and the servicer of the portfolios and provides all servicing and advancing functions.

In connection with the above transactions, the Company entered into refinanced loan obligations with third parties that require the Company to transfer the new loan or a replacement loan of similar economic characteristics into the respective portfolio if the Company refinances any loan in the portfolio. The new or replacement loan will be governed by the same terms set forth in the sale and assignment agreement described above.

The Company had excess spread financing liability of $934 and $1,311 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Refer to Note 17, Fair Value Measurements, for further discussion on key weighted-average inputs and assumptions used in the valuation of excess spread financing.

The following table shows the hypothetical effect on the Company’s excess spread financing fair value when applying certain unfavorable variations of key assumptions to these liabilities for the dates indicated:
Successor
Discount RatePrepayment Speeds
Excess Spread Financing - Hypothetical Sensitivities
100 bps
Adverse
Change
200 bps
Adverse
Change
10%
Adverse
Change
20%
Adverse
Change
December 31, 2020
Excess spread financing$30 $62 $41 $84 
December 31, 2019
 Excess spread financing$46 $95 $46 $96 

These hypothetical sensitivities should be evaluated with care. The effect on fair value of a 10% variation in assumptions generally cannot be determined because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the fair value may not be linear. Additionally, the impact of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value is calculated while holding other assumptions constant. In reality, changes in one factor may lead to changes in other factors, which could impact the above hypothetical effects. Also, a positive change in the above assumptions would not necessarily correlate with the corresponding decrease in the net carrying amount of the excess spread financing. Excess spread financing’s cash flow assumptions that are utilized in determining fair value are based on the related cash flow assumptions used in the financed MSRs. Any fair value change recognized in the financed MSRs attributable to related cash flows assumptions would inherently have an inverse impact on the carrying amount of the related excess spread financing.

Mortgage Servicing Rights Financing - Fair Value
The Company had MSR financing liability of $33 and $37 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Refer to Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, for further discussion on MSR financing, and Note 17, Fair Value Measurements, for further discussion on key weighted-average inputs and assumptions used in the valuation of the MSR financing liability.
Servicing Segment Revenues
The following table sets forth the items comprising total revenues for the Servicing segment:
Successor
Year Ended December 31,
Total Revenues - Servicing20202019
Contractually specified servicing fees(1)
$1,141 $1,194 
Other service-related income(1)
290 182 
Incentive and modification income(1)
39 40 
Late fees(1)
83 110 
Reverse servicing fees24 31 
Mark-to-market adjustments(2)
(679)(505)
Counterparty revenue share(3)
(371)(284)
Amortization, net of accretion(4)
(420)(236)
Total revenues - Servicing$107 $532 

(1)The Company recognizes revenue on an earned basis for services performed. Amounts include subservicing related revenues.
(2)Mark-to-market (“MTM”) adjustments include fair value adjustments on MSR, excess spread financing and MSR financing liabilities. The amount of MSR MTM includes the impact of negative modeled cash flows which have been transferred to reserves on advances and other receivables. The negative modeled cash flows relate to advances and other receivables associated with inactive and liquidated loans that are no longer part of the MSR portfolio. The impact of negative modeled cash flows was $28 and $62 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(3)Counterparty revenue share represents the excess servicing fee that the Company pays to the counterparties under the excess spread financing arrangements and the payments made associated with MSR financing arrangements.
(4)Amortization for the Company is net of excess spread accretion of $338 and $243 and MSL accretion of $20 and $47 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.