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Mortgage Servicing Rights ("MSRs") and Related Liabilities
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]  
Mortgage servicing rights and related liabilities
2. Mortgage Servicing Rights and Related Liabilities

The following table sets forth the carrying value of the Company’s mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) and the related liabilities. In estimating the fair value of all servicing rights and related liabilities, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was considered in the determination of key assumptions.
MSRs and Related LiabilitiesSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Forward MSRs - fair value$2,663 $3,496 
Reverse MSRs - amortized cost6 6 
Mortgage servicing rights$2,669 $3,502 
Mortgage servicing liabilities - amortized cost$44 $61 
Excess spread financing - fair value$1,044 $1,311 
Mortgage servicing rights financing - fair value47 37 
MSR related liabilities - nonrecourse at fair value$1,091 $1,348 

Mortgage Servicing Rights
The following table sets forth the activities of forward MSRs:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Forward MSRs - Fair Value20202019
Fair value - beginning of period$3,496 $3,665 
Additions:
Servicing retained from mortgage loans sold412 298 
Purchases of servicing rights(1)
30 732 
Dispositions:
Sales of servicing assets— (317)
Changes in fair value:
Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model(782)(716)
Other changes in fair value(493)(323)
Fair value - end of period$2,663 $3,339 

(1)Purchases of servicing rights during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 includes $271 of mortgage servicing rights that were acquired from Pacific Union. See Note 1, Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation, for further discussion. In addition, in 2019, the Company entered into a subservicing contract, resulting in additional $253 servicing rights in the second quarter of 2019.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company sold $94 and $25,639 in unpaid principal balance (“UPB”) of forward MSRs, of which none and $20,560 were retained by the Company as subservicer, respectively.

MSRs measured at fair value are primarily segregated between credit sensitive and interest sensitive pools (referred to herein as “acquisition pools”). Credit sensitive pools are primarily impacted by borrower performance under specified repayment terms, which most directly impacts involuntary prepayments and delinquency rates. Interest sensitive pools are primarily impacted by changes in forecasted interest rates, which in turn impact voluntary prepayment speeds.

MSRs measured at fair value are also segregated between investor type into agency and non-agency pools (referred to herein as “investor pools”) based upon contractual servicing agreements with investors at the respective balance sheet date to evaluate the MSR portfolio and fair value of the portfolio.
The following table provides a breakdown of UPB and fair value for the Company’s forward MSRs:
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Forward MSRs - UPB and fair value breakdownUPBFair ValueUPBFair Value
Acquisition Pools
Credit sensitive$122,422 $1,206 $147,895 $1,613 
Interest sensitive144,245 1,457 148,887 1,883 
Total$266,667 $2,663 $296,782 $3,496 
Investor Pools
Agency(1)
$220,139 $2,234 $240,688 $2,944 
Non-agency(2)
46,528 429 56,094 552 
Total$266,667 $2,663 $296,782 $3,496 

(1)Agency investors primarily consist of government sponsored enterprises (“GSE”), such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae” or “FNMA”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp (“Freddie Mac” or “FHLMC”), and the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae” or “GNMA”).
(2)Non-agency investors consist of investors in private-label securitizations.

The Company used the following key weighted-average inputs and assumptions in estimating the fair value of forward MSRs:
Forward MSRs - Key inputs and assumptionsSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Total MSR Portfolio
Discount rate9.5 %9.7 %
Prepayment speeds14.4 %13.1 %
Average life5.2 years5.8 years
Acquisition Pools
Credit Sensitive
Discount rate10.0 %10.4 %
Prepayment speeds12.6 %12.7 %
Average life5.6 years6.0 years
Interest Sensitive
Discount rate9.0 %9.1 %
Prepayment speeds15.9 %13.5 %
Average life 4.9 years5.7 years
Investor Pools
Agency
Discount rate8.9 %9.0 %
Prepayment speeds 14.5 %13.0 %
Average life 5.1 years5.8 years
Non-agency
Discount rate12.0 %12.6 %
Prepayment speeds13.9 %13.8 %
Average life5.5 years6.2 years
The following table shows the hypothetical effect on the fair value of the Company’s forward MSRs when applying certain unfavorable variations of key assumptions to these assets for the dates indicated:
Discount Rate
Total Prepayment Speeds
Forward MSRs - Hypothetical Sensitivities
100 bps
Adverse
Change
200 bps
Adverse
Change
10%
Adverse
Change
20%
Adverse
Change
September 30, 2020
Mortgage servicing rights$(87)$(179)$(157)$(321)
December 31, 2019
Mortgage servicing rights$(127)$(245)$(165)$(317)

These hypothetical sensitivities should be evaluated with care. The effect on fair value of a 10% adverse change in assumptions generally cannot be determined because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the fair value may not be linear. Additionally, the impact of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value is calculated while holding other assumptions constant. In reality, changes in one factor may lead to changes in other factors, which could impact the above hypothetical effects.

Reverse Mortgage Servicing Rights and Liabilities - Amortized Cost
The Company services certain HECM reverse mortgage loans with an unpaid principal balance of $20,006 and $22,725 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The following table sets forth the activities of reverse MSRs and mortgage servicing liabilities (“MSL”):
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20202019
Reverse MSRs and Liabilities - Amortized CostAssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
Balance - beginning of period$6 $61 $11 $71 
Amortization/accretion— (17)2 (39)
Adjustments(1)
— — (6)37 
Balance - end of the period$6 $44 $7 $69 
Fair value - end of period$6 $7 $7 $41 

(1)Reverse MSR and MSL net adjustments recorded by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily relate to the finalization of the preliminary fair value estimates recorded in connection with the merger of Nationstar Mortgage Holdings, Inc. (the “Merger”).

Management evaluates reverse MSRs and MSLs each reporting period for impairment. Based on management’s assessment at September 30, 2020, no impairment or increased obligation was needed.

Excess Spread Financing - Fair Value
The Company had excess spread financing liability of $1,044 and $1,311 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The Company used the following key weighted-average assumptions in the Company’s valuation of excess spread financing:
Excess Spread Financing Key AssumptionsSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Discount rate11.9 %11.6 %
Prepayment speeds13.6 %12.6 %
Recapture rate19.1 %20.1 %
Average life5.3 years5.8 years
The following table shows the hypothetical effect on the Company’s excess spread financing fair value when applying certain unfavorable variations of key assumptions to these liabilities for the dates indicated:
Discount Rate
Prepayment Speeds
Excess Spread Financing - Hypothetical Sensitivities
100 bps
Adverse
Change
200 bps
Adverse
Change
10%
Adverse
Change
20%
Adverse
Change
September 30, 2020
Excess spread financing$35 $72 $44 $92 
December 31, 2019
Excess spread financing$46 $95 $46 $96 

These hypothetical sensitivities should be evaluated with care. The effect on fair value of a 10% variation in assumptions generally cannot be determined because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the fair value may not be linear. Additionally, the impact of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value is calculated while holding other assumptions constant. In reality, changes in one factor may lead to changes in other factors, which could impact the above hypothetical effects. Also, a positive change in the above assumptions would not necessarily correlate with the corresponding decrease in the net carrying amount of the excess spread financing. Excess spread financing’s cash flow assumptions that are utilized in determining fair value are based on the related cash flow assumptions used in the financed MSRs. Any fair value change recognized in the financed MSRs attributable to related cash flows assumptions would inherently have an inverse impact on the carrying amount of the related excess spread financing.

Mortgage Servicing Rights Financing - Fair Value
The Company had MSR financing liability of $47 and $37 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The following table sets forth the key weighted-average assumptions used in the valuation of the MSR financing liability:
Mortgage Servicing Rights Financing Key AssumptionsSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Advance financing and counterparty fee rates8.2 %8.9 %
Annual advance recovery rates20.2 %18.8 %
Servicing Segment Revenues
The following table sets forth the items comprising total revenues for the Servicing segment:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Total Revenues - Servicing2020201920202019
Contractually specified servicing fees(1)
$282 $305 $864 $893 
Other service-related income(1)
59 51 170 133 
Incentive and modification income(1)
12 12 30 29 
Late fees(1)
18 30 65 82 
Reverse servicing fees6 7 19 24 
Mark-to-market adjustments(2)
(29)(83)(673)(607)
Counterparty revenue share(3)
(104)(86)(268)(204)
Amortization, net of accretion(4)
(112)(73)(290)(152)
Total revenues - Servicing$132 $163 $(83)$198 

(1)The Company recognizes revenue on an earned basis for services performed. Amounts include subservicing related revenues.
(2)Mark-to-market (“MTM”) adjustments include fair value adjustments on MSR, excess spread financing and MSR financing liabilities. The amount of MSR MTM includes the impact of negative modeled cash flows which have been transferred to reserves on advances and other receivables. The negative modeled cash flows relate to advances and other receivables associated with inactive and liquidated loans that are no longer part of the MSR portfolio. The impact of negative modeled cash flows was $7 and $18 during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and $20 and $46 during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(3)Counterparty revenue share represents the excess servicing fee that the Company pays to the counterparties under the excess spread financing arrangements and the payments made associated with MSR financing arrangements.
(4)Amortization is net of excess spread accretion of $96 and $77 and MSL accretion of $4 and $10 during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, amortization is net of excess spread accretion of $243 and $172 and MSL accretion of $17 and $39, respectively.