13. Payables and Other Liabilities

Payables and other liabilities consist of the following:



	Successor
	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Loans subject to repurchase from Ginnie Mae	$	560	$	266
Payables to servicing and subservicing investors	423		494
Payable to GSEs and securitized trusts	182		105
Operating lease liability	135		—
MSR purchases payable including advances	20		182
Other liabilities	696		496
Total payables and other liabilities	$	2,016	$	1,543

Loans Subject to Repurchase from Ginnie Mae

See Note 10, Other Assets, for a description of assets and liabilities related to loans subject to repurchase from Ginnie Mae. The amount as of December 31, 2019 includes $336 attributable to Pacific Union.

Payables to Servicing and Subservicing Investors and Payables to GSEs and Securitized Trusts

Payables to servicing and subservicing investors, GSEs and securitized trusts represent amounts due to investors, GSEs and securitized trusts in connection with loans serviced that are paid from collections of the underlying loans, insurance proceeds or proceeds from property disposal.

Operating Lease Liabilities

Operating lease liabilities are recognized as a result of adoption of ASC 842 as of January 1, 2019. See Note 9, Leases, for additional information.

MSR purchases payable including advances

MSR purchases payable including advances represents the amounts owed to the seller in connection with the purchase of MSRs.

Other Liabilities

Other liabilities primarily include accrued bonus and payroll, accrued interest, accrued legal expenses, payables to insurance carriers and insurance cancellation reserves, derivative financial instruments, repurchase reserves, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities. Payables to insurance carriers and insurance cancellation reserves consist of insurance premiums received from borrower payments awaiting disbursement to the insurance carrier and/or amounts due to third-party investors on liquidated loans. See Note 11, Derivative Financial Instruments, for further details on derivative financial instruments.

The following table sets forth the activities of the repurchase reserves:



	Successor						Predecessor
Repurchase Reserves	For the year ended December 31, 2019			Five Months Ended December 31, 2018			Seven Months Ended July 31, 2018
Balance - beginning of period	$	8		$	9		$	9
Provisions⁽¹⁾	25			3			3
Releases	(8		)	(4		)	(3		)
Balance - end of period	$	25		$	8		$	9


⁽¹⁾	Provision for the year ended December 31, 2019 is primarily due to repurchase reserve liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition of Pacific Union. See Note 3, Acquisitions, for additional information.

The provision for repurchases represents an estimate of losses to be incurred on the repurchase of loans or indemnification of purchaser’s losses related to forward loans. Certain sale contracts and GSE standards require the Predecessor and, subsequently, the Company to repurchase a loan or indemnify the purchaser or insurer for losses if a borrower fails to make initial loan payments or if the accompanying mortgage loan fails to meet certain customary representations and warranties with respect to underwriting standards.

In the event of a breach of the representations and warranties, the Predecessor and subsequently the Company may be required to either repurchase the loan or indemnify the purchaser for losses it sustains on the loan. In addition, an investor may request that the Predecessor and subsequently the Company refund a portion of the premium paid on the sale of mortgage loans if a loan is prepaid within a certain amount of time from the date of sale. The Predecessor and the Company record a reserve for estimated losses associated with loan repurchases, purchaser indemnification and premium refunds. The provision for repurchase losses is charged against net gain on mortgage loans held for sale in the consolidated statements of operations. A release of repurchase reserves is recorded when the Predecessor and Company’s assessment reveals that previously recorded reserves are no longer needed.

A selling representation and warranty framework was introduced by the GSEs in 2013 and enhanced in 2014 that helps address concerns of loan sellers with respect to loan repurchase risk. Under the framework, a GSE will not exercise its remedies, including the issuance of repurchase requests, for breaches of certain selling representations and warranties if a mortgage meets certain eligibility requirements. For loans sold to GSEs on or after January 1, 2013, repurchase risk for Home Affordable Refinance Program (“HARP”) loans is lowered if the borrower stays current on the loan for 12 months and representation and warranty risks are limited for non-HARP loans that stay current for 36 months.

The Company regularly evaluates the adequacy of repurchase reserves based on trends in repurchase and indemnification requests, actual loss experience, settlement negotiation, estimated future loss exposure and other relevant factors including economic conditions. Current loss rates have significantly declined attributable to stronger underwriting standards and due to the falloff of loans underwritten prior to the mortgage loan crisis period prior to 2008. The Company believes its reserve balance as of December 31, 2019 is sufficient to cover loss exposure associated with repurchase contingencies.