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Reverse Mortgage Interests, Net
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Reverse Mortgage Interests [Abstract]  
Reverse Mortgage Interests, Net
5. Reverse Mortgage Interests, Net

Reverse mortgage interests, net consists of the following:
 
Successor
Reverse Mortgage Interests, Net
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Participating interests in HECM mortgage-backed securities (“HMBS”), net of $18 and $58 premium, respectively
$
4,952

 
$
5,664

Other interests securitized, net of $84 and $100 discount, respectively
1,023

 
1,064

Unsecuritized interests, net of $97 and $122 discount, respectively
1,143

 
1,219

Reserves
(8
)
 
(13
)
Total reverse mortgage interests, net
$
7,110

 
$
7,934



Participating Interests in HMBS
Participating interests in HMBS consist of the Company’s reverse mortgage interests in HECM loans which have been transferred to GNMA and subsequently securitized through the issuance of HMBS. The Company does not own these loans, but due to HMBS program buyout requirements, such interests are consolidated on the Company’s balance sheet. The Company does not originate reverse mortgages, but during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, a total of $149 and $174 in UPB associated with new draws on existing loans was transferred to GNMA and securitized by the Company and Predecessor, respectively.

In March 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with Fannie Mae for the transfer of reverse mortgage loans. As a result, $61 was transferred from Fannie Mae and securitized into GNMA HMBS during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Other Interests Securitized
Other interests securitized consist of reverse mortgage interests that no longer meet HMBS program eligibility criteria primarily because they have reached 98% of their Max Claim Amount (“MCA”) established at origination in accordance with HMBS program guidelines, which require buyout of the respective HMBS trust. These reverse mortgage interests have subsequently been transferred to private securitization trusts and are accounted for as a secured borrowing. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company securitized a total of $398 UPB through Trust 2019-1 and a total of $249 UPB from Trust 2017-2 was called and the related debt was extinguished. See Note 10, Indebtedness for additional information. The Company sold $20 UPB of Trust 2018-3 retained bonds during the six months ended June 30, 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Predecessor securitized a total of $443 UPB through Trust 2018-1 and a total of $284 UPB from Trust 2016-2 and Trust 2016-3 were called and the related debt was extinguished. Refer to Other Nonrecourse Debt in Note 10, Indebtedness, for additional information.

Unsecuritized Interests
Unsecuritized interests in reverse mortgages consist of the following:
 
Successor
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Repurchased HECM loans (exceeds 98% MCA)
$
896

 
$
949

HECM related receivables
281

 
300

Funded borrower draws not yet securitized
48

 
76

REO-related receivables
15

 
16

Purchase discount
(97
)
 
(122
)
Total unsecuritized interests
$
1,143

 
$
1,219



Unsecuritized interests include repurchased HECM loans for which the Company is required to repurchase from the HMBS pool when the outstanding principal balance of the HECM loan is equal to or greater than 98% of the MCA established at origination in accordance with HMBS program guidelines. The Company and the Predecessor repurchased a total of $1,457 and $2,109 of HECM loans out of GNMA HMBS securitizations during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, of which $371 and $444 were subsequently assigned to a third party in accordance with applicable servicing agreements, respectively. To the extent a loan is not subject to applicable servicing agreements and assigned to a third party, the loan is either subject to assignment to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”), per contractual obligations with GNMA, liquidated via a payoff from the borrower or liquidated via a foreclosure according to the terms of the underlying mortgage.

As discussed above, the Company estimates and records an asset for probable recoveries from prior servicers for their respective portion of the losses associated with the underlying loans that were not serviced in accordance with established guidelines. Receivables from prior servicers totaled $13 and $18 for the Company’s reverse loan portfolio at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Reserves for Reverse Mortgage Interests
The Company records reserves related to reverse mortgage interests based on potential unrecoverable costs and loss exposures expected to be realized. Recoverability is determined based on the Company’s ability to meet HUD servicing guidelines and is assessed with respect to two different categories of expenses: financial and operational. Financial exposures are defined as the cost of doing business related to servicing the HECM product and include potential unrecoverable costs primarily based on HUD claim guidelines related to recoverable expenses and unfavorable changes in the appraised value of the loan collateral. Operational exposures are defined as unrecoverable debenture interest curtailments imposed for missed HUD-specified servicing timelines and non-claimable UPB that exceeds the MCA upon assignment of the loan collateral to HUD (“MCA Exposure”). Reserves for reverse mortgage interests are related to both financial and operational exposures.

The activity of the reserves for reverse mortgage interests is set forth below.
 
Successor
 
 
Predecessor
Reserves for reverse mortgage interests
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Balance - beginning of period
$
8

 
$
13

 
 
$
134

 
$
115

Provision (release), net
2

 
2

 
 
(6
)
 
20

Write-offs
(2
)
 
(7
)
 
 
(11
)
 
(18
)
Balance - end of period
$
8

 
$
8

 
 
$
117

 
$
117



Purchase Discount for Reverse Mortgage Interests
In connection with the Merger, the Company recorded the acquired reverse mortgage interests at estimated fair value as of the acquisition date, which resulted in a purchase premium of $42 for participating interests in HMBS, and a purchase discount of $298 for Other Interest Securitized and Unsecuritized Interests due to the higher exposure to financial and operational losses of servicing the loans through foreclosure and collateral liquidation.

The following table sets forth the activities of the purchase premiums and discounts for reverse mortgage interests.
 
Successor
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Purchase premiums and discounts for reverse mortgage interests
Net Premium for Participating Interests in HMBS(1)
 
Net Discount for Other Interest Securitized(1)
 
Net Discount for Unsecuritized Interests(1)
Balance - beginning of period
$
36

 
$
(112
)
 
$
(95
)
Utilization of purchase discounts
—

 
7

 
5

(Amortization)/Accretion
(23
)
 
28

 
(9
)
Transfers(3)
5

 
(7
)
 
2

Balance - end of period
$
18

 
$
(84
)
 
$
(97
)

 
Successor
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Purchase premiums and discounts for reverse mortgage interests
Net Premium for Participating Interests in HMBS(1)
 
Net Discount for Other Interest Securitized(1)
 
Net Discount for Unsecuritized Interests(1)
Balance - beginning of period
$
58

 
$
(100
)
 
$
(122
)
Adjustments(2)
(16
)
 
(2
)
 
(6
)
Utilization of purchase discounts
—

 
13

 
27

(Amortization)/Accretion
(37
)
 
13

 
9

Transfers(3)
13

 
(8
)
 
(5
)
Balance - end of period
$
18

 
$
(84
)
 
$
(97
)

(1) 
Net position as certain items are in a premium/(discount) position, based on the characteristics of underlying tranches of loans.
(2) 
Adjustments to premium/(discount) due to revised cost to service assumption utilized in the valuation of reverse mortgage assets and liabilities acquired from the Merger. See Note 2, Acquisitions for additional information.
(3) 
Transfer of premium/(discount) based on the transfer of associated loans between categories consistent with the underlying loan characteristics.

In connection with previous reverse mortgage portfolio acquisitions, the Predecessor recorded a purchase discount within Unsecuritized Interests. The following table sets forth the activities of the purchase discounts for reverse mortgage interests.
 
Predecessor
Purchase discounts for reverse mortgage interests
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Balance - beginning of period
$
(90
)
 
$
(89
)
Additions
—

 
(7
)
Accretion
6

 
12

Balance - end of period
$
(84
)
 
$
(84
)


Reverse Mortgage Interest Income
The Company accrues interest income for its participating interest in reverse mortgages based on the stated rates underlying HECM loans, in accordance with FHA guidelines. Total interest earned on the Company’s and the Predecessor’s reverse mortgage interests was $85 and $118 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $167 and $237 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.