Nature of Operations and Summary of Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Nature of Operations and Summary of Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Nature of Operations and Summary of Accounting Policies	Nature of Operations and Summary of Accounting Policies A summary of the significant accounting policies consistently applied in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements follows: Principles of Consolidation and Nature of Operations The financial statements included herein include the accounts of Upbound Group, Inc., and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Unless the context indicates otherwise, references to “Upbound Group, Inc.” refer only to Upbound Group, Inc., the parent, and references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the consolidated business operations of Upbound Group, Inc. and any or all of its direct and indirect subsidiaries. We report four operating segments: Rent-A-Center, Acima, Mexico and Franchising. Our Rent-A-Center segment consists of company-owned lease-to-own stores in the United States and Puerto Rico that lease household durable goods to customers on a lease-to-own basis. We also offer merchandise on an installment sales basis in certain of our stores under the names “Get It Now” and “Home Choice.” Our Rent-A-Center segment operates through our company-owned stores and e-commerce platform through rentacenter.com. At December 31, 2023, we operated 1,839 company-owned stores nationwide and in Puerto Rico, including 52 retail installment sales stores. Our Acima segment, which primarily operates in the United States and Puerto Rico, includes the operations of Acima Holdings and certain locations previously operating under our Acceptance Now brand, generally offers consumers, who do not qualify for traditional financing, the lease-to-own transaction through staffed or unstaffed kiosks located within third-party retailer’s locations, or other virtual options. In virtual locations, customers, either directly or with the assistance of a representative of the third-party retailer, initiate the lease-to-own transaction online in the retailers’ locations using our virtual solutions. Our Mexico segment consists of our company-owned lease-to-own stores in Mexico that lease household durable goods to customers on a lease-to-own basis. At December 31, 2023, we operated 131 stores in Mexico. Rent-A-Center Franchising International, Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Upbound Group, Inc., is a franchisor of lease-to-own stores. At December 31, 2023, Franchising had 440 franchised stores operating in 30 states. Our Franchising segment’s primary source of revenue is the sale of rental merchandise to its franchisees, who in turn offer the merchandise to the general public for rent or purchase under a lease-to-own transaction. The balance of our Franchising segment’s revenue is generated primarily from royalties based on franchisees’ monthly gross revenues. Rental Merchandise Rental merchandise is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation for merchandise in Rent-A-Center, certain Acima locations previously operating under our Acceptance Now brand, and Mexico stores is depreciated using the income forecasting method, which is intended to match as closely as practicable the recognition of depreciation expense with the consumption of the rental merchandise, and assumes no salvage value. The consumption of rental merchandise occurs during periods of rental and directly coincides with the receipt of rental revenue over the rental purchase agreement period. Under the income forecasting method, merchandise held for rent is not depreciated and merchandise on rent is depreciated in the proportion of rents received to total rents provided in the lease contract, which is an activity-based method similar to the units of production method. Lease merchandise under Acima Holdings is depreciated over the lease term using a straight-line depreciation method. Depreciation under the straight-line method is recognized each period over the term of the lease-to-own contract irrespective of receipt of revenue payments from the customer. In addition, we depreciate merchandise that is held for rent for at least 180 consecutive days using the straight-line method over a period generally not to exceed 18 months. Smartphones are depreciated over an 18-month straight-line basis beginning with the earlier of on rent or 90 consecutive days held for rent. Rental merchandise that is damaged and inoperable is expensed when such impairment occurs. If a customer does not return the merchandise or make payment, the remaining book value of the rental merchandise associated with delinquent accounts is generally charged off on or before the 90th day following the time the account became past due in the Rent-A-Center and Mexico segments, on or before the 120th day in our Acima segment and during the month following the 150th day in certain Acima locations formerly operating under the Acceptance Now brand. Minor repairs made to rental merchandise are expensed at the time of the repair. In addition, we maintain a reserve for these expected losses, which estimates the merchandise losses incurred but not yet identified by management as of the end of the accounting period based on a combination of historical write-offs and expected future losses. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the reserve for merchandise losses was $84.7 million and $93.6 million, respectively. Expenses related to merchandise losses, damaged merchandise, or merchandise repairs are recorded to other store expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and were $313.8 million, $375.2 million, and $331.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, in addition to in-transit customer payments. We maintain cash and cash equivalents at several financial institutions, which at times may not be federally insured or may exceed federally insured limits. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts and believe we are not exposed to any significant credit risks on such accounts. Revenues Rental merchandise is leased to customers pursuant to lease-to-own agreements which provide for weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly or monthly terms with non-refundable lease payments. The customer has the right to acquire title of the merchandise either through an early purchase option or through payment of all required lease renewals. Rental revenue and fees are recognized over the lease term and merchandise sales revenue is recognized when the customer exercises the purchase option and pays the cash price due. Cash received prior to the period in which it should be recognized is deferred and recognized according to the lease term. Revenue is accrued for uncollected amounts due based on historical collection experience. However, the total potential amount of the lease-to-own agreement is not accrued because the customer can elect not to renew the lease-to-own agreement at any time and, in that case would not owe future lease payments. Revenues from the sale of merchandise in our retail installment stores are recognized when the installment note is signed, the customer has taken possession of the merchandise and collectability is reasonably assured. Franchise revenues from the sale of rental merchandise are recognized upon shipment of the merchandise to the franchisee. Franchise royalty income and fee revenue is recognized upon completion of substantially all services and satisfaction of all material conditions required under the terms of the franchise agreement. Initial franchise fees charged to franchisees for new or converted franchise stores are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the franchise agreement. Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The installment sales receivable associated with the sale of merchandise at our Get It Now and Home Choice stores generally consists of the sales price of the merchandise purchased and any additional fees for services the customer has chosen, less the customer’s down payment. No interest is accrued and interest income is recognized each time a customer makes a payment, generally on a monthly basis. We have established an allowance for doubtful accounts for our installment notes receivable. Our policy for determining the allowance is primarily based on historical loss experience, as well as the results of management’s review and analysis of the payment and collection of the installment notes receivable within the previous year. We believe our allowance is adequate to absorb all expected losses. Our policy is to charge off installment notes receivable that are 120 days or more past due. Charge-offs are applied as a reduction to the allowance for doubtful accounts and any recoveries of previously charged off balances are recognized as contra-bad debt expense in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. Our trade and notes receivables consist of amounts due from our lease-to-own customers for lease renewal payments and past due uncollected lease payments, adjusted for the probability of collection based on our assessment of historical collection rates and length of time the receivable is past due; amounts owed from our franchisees for inventory purchases, earned royalties and other obligations; and other corporate related receivables. The majority of our Franchising trade and notes receivables relate to amounts due from franchisees for inventory purchases, earned royalties and other obligations. Credit is extended to franchisees based on an evaluation of each franchisee’s financial condition and collateral is generally not required. Trade receivables are generally due within 30 days and are reported as amounts due from franchisees, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts that are outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. Franchising determines its allowance by considering a number of factors, including the length of time receivables are past due, previous loss history, the franchisee’s current ability to pay its obligation, and the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. Franchising writes off trade receivables that are 90 or more days past due and payments subsequently received on such receivables are recognized as contra-bad debt expense in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. Property Assets and Related Depreciation Furniture, equipment and vehicles are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets (generally 5 years) on the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the useful life of the asset or the initial term of the applicable leases on the straight-line method, whichever is shorter. We have incurred costs to develop computer software for internal use. We capitalize the costs incurred during the application development stage, which includes designing the software configuration and interfaces, coding, installation, and testing. Costs incurred during the preliminary stages along with post-implementation stages of internally developed software are expensed as incurred. Internally developed software costs, once placed in service, are amortized over various periods up to 10 years. We incur repair and maintenance expenses on our vehicles and equipment. These amounts are recognized when incurred, unless such repairs significantly extend the life of the asset, in which case we amortize the cost of the repairs for the remaining useful life of the asset utilizing the straight-line method. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets We record goodwill when the consideration paid for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the identifiable net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not subject to amortization but must be periodically evaluated for impairment for each reporting unit. Impairment occurs when the carrying value of goodwill is not recoverable from future cash flows. We perform an assessment of goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually as of October 1 or when events or circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. Our reporting units are our reportable operating segments. Factors which could necessitate an interim impairment assessment include a sustained decline in our stock price, prolonged negative industry or economic trends and significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results. Based on our assessment, if the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, then the goodwill is not deemed impaired. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds fair value, goodwill is deemed impaired and the impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the respective reporting unit. We determine the fair value of each reporting unit using methodologies which include the present value of estimated future cash flows. The analysis is based upon available information regarding expected future cash flows and discount rates. Discount rates are generally based upon our weighted average cost of capital. As an alternative to performing a quantitative assessment to measure the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company may perform a qualitative assessment for impairment if it believes it is not more likely than not that the carrying value of the net assets of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value. At December 31, 2023, the amount of goodwill attributable to the Rent-A-Center and Acima segments was approximately $1.5 million and $288.3 million, respectively. We currently do not have goodwill balances attributable to our Mexico or Franchising segments. Acquired intangible assets are recorded at their estimated fair value as of the date of acquisition and generally include customer relationships, merchant relationships, non-compete agreements and trade names. Customer relationships are generally amortized over a 21-month period, excluding relationships with existing lessees acquired from Acima Holdings which were being amortized over 12 months. Non-compete agreements are amortized over the contractual life of the agreements, merchant relationships are amortized over a 7 to 15 year period, and trade names and other intangible assets are amortized over the estimated life of the asset. Intangible assets are amortized using methods that we believe reflect the pattern in which the economic benefits of the related asset are consumed unless such pattern cannot be reliably determined, in which case we amortize using a straight-line method. Accounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We evaluate all long-lived assets, including intangible assets, excluding goodwill, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the related assets may not be recoverable by the undiscounted net cash flows they will generate. Impairment is recognized when the carrying amounts of such assets exceed their fair value. We determine the fair value of our long-lived assets using methodologies which include the present value of estimated future cash flows of the asset, or related fair market values for similar assets. Self-Insurance Liabilities We have self-insured retentions with respect to losses under our workers’ compensation, general liability, vehicle liability and health insurance programs. We establish reserves for our liabilities associated with these losses by obtaining forecasts for the ultimate expected losses and estimating amounts needed to pay losses within our self-insured retentions. We make assumptions on our liabilities within our self-insured retentions using actuarial loss forecasts, company-specific development factors, general industry loss development factors, and third-party claim administrator loss estimates which are based on known facts surrounding individual claims. These assumptions incorporate expected increases in health care costs. Periodically, we reevaluate our estimate of liability within our self-insured retentions. At that time, we evaluate the adequacy of our reserves by comparing amounts reserved on our balance sheet for anticipated losses to our updated actuarial loss forecasts and third-party claim administrator loss estimates, and make adjustments to our reserves as needed. Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of our foreign operations is the applicable local currency. Assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the current rate of exchange on the last day of the reporting period. Revenues and expenses are generally translated at a daily exchange rate and equity transactions are translated using the actual rate on the day of the transaction. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Other comprehensive income (loss) is comprised exclusively of our foreign currency translation adjustment. Income Taxes We record deferred taxes for temporary differences between the tax and financial reporting bases of assets and liabilities at the enacted tax rate expected to be in effect when those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Income tax accounting requires management to make estimates and apply judgments to events that will be recognized in one period under rules that apply to financial reporting in a different period in our tax returns. In particular, judgment is required when estimating the value of future tax deductions, tax credits and net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs), as represented by deferred tax assets. We evaluate the recoverability of these future tax deductions and credits by assessing the future expected taxable income from all sources, including reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies. These sources of income rely heavily on estimates. We use our historical experience and our short- and long-range business forecasts to provide insight and assist us in determining recoverability. When it is determined the recovery of all or a portion of a deferred tax asset is not likely, a valuation allowance is established. We include NOLs in the calculation of deferred tax assets. NOLs are utilized to the extent allowable due to the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and relevant state statutes. We recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon the ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. A number of years may elapse before a particular matter, for which we have recorded a liability, is audited and effectively settled. We review our tax positions quarterly and adjust our liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the period in which we determine the issue is effectively settled with the tax authorities, the statute of limitations expires for the relevant taxing authority to examine the tax position, or when more information becomes available. We classify accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as interest expense and general & administrative expense, respectively. Sales Taxes We apply the net basis for sales taxes imposed on our goods and services in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We are required by the applicable governmental authorities to collect and remit sales taxes. Accordingly, such amounts are charged to the customer, collected and remitted directly to the appropriate jurisdictional entity. (Loss) Earnings Per Common Share Basic (loss) earnings per common share are based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period presented. Diluted (loss) earnings per common share are based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus, if dilutive, the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of stock awards at the beginning of the year, or for the period outstanding during the year for current year issuances. Advertising Costs Costs incurred for producing and communicating advertising are expensed when incurred. Advertising expense was $63.1 million, $53.6 million, and $73.9 million, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Advertising expense is net of vendor allowances of $21.7 million, $20.0 million, and $21.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation We maintain long-term incentive plans for the benefit of certain employees and directors, which are described more fully in Note O. We recognize share-based payment awards to our employees and directors at the estimated fair value on the grant date. Determining the fair value of any share-based award requires information about several variables that include, but are not limited to, expected stock volatility over the term of the award, expected dividend yields, and the risk free interest rate. We base the expected term on historical exercise and post-vesting employment-termination experience, and expected volatility on historical realized volatility trends. In addition, all stock-based compensation expense is recorded net of an estimated forfeiture rate. The forfeiture rate is based upon historical activity and is analyzed at least annually as actual forfeitures occur. Compensation costs are recognized net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis. We issue new shares to settle stock awards. Stock options are valued using a Black-Scholes pricing model. Time-vesting restricted stock units are valued using the closing price on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the day before the grant date. Performance-based restricted stock units will vest in accordance with a total shareholder return formula, and are valued by a third-party valuation firm using Monte Carlo simulations. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications may be made to the reported amounts for prior periods to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications have no impact on net earnings or earnings per share in any period. There were no reclassifications of reported amounts for prior periods included in the financial statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Use of Estimates In preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent losses and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In applying accounting principles, we must often make individual estimates and assumptions regarding expected outcomes or uncertainties. Our estimates, judgments and assumptions are continually evaluated based on available information and experience. However, uncertainties, including those related to recent macroeconomic trends or other factors, may affect certain estimates and assumptions inherent in the financial reporting process, which may impact reported amounts of assets and liabilities in future periods and cause actual results to differ from those estimates. Newly Adopted Accounting Pronouncements From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standards setting bodies that we adopt as of the specified effective date. As of December 31, 2023, we believe the impact of any recently issued standards that are not yet effective are either not applicable to us at this time, or will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

The financial statements included herein include the accounts of Upbound Group, Inc., and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Unless the context indicates otherwise, references to “Upbound Group, Inc.” refer only to Upbound Group, Inc., the parent, and references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the consolidated business operations of Upbound Group, Inc. and any or all of its direct and indirect subsidiaries. We report four operating segments: Rent-A-Center, Acima, Mexico and Franchising.

Our Rent-A-Center segment consists of company-owned lease-to-own stores in the United States and Puerto Rico that lease household durable goods to customers on a lease-to-own basis. We also offer merchandise on an installment sales basis in certain of our stores under the names “Get It Now” and “Home Choice.” Our Rent-A-Center segment operates through our company-owned stores and e-commerce platform through rentacenter.com. At December 31, 2023, we operated 1,839 company-owned stores nationwide and in Puerto Rico, including 52 retail installment sales stores.

Our Acima segment, which primarily operates in the United States and Puerto Rico, includes the operations of Acima Holdings and certain locations previously operating under our Acceptance Now brand, generally offers consumers, who do not qualify for traditional financing, the lease-to-own transaction through staffed or unstaffed kiosks located within third-party retailer’s locations, or other virtual options. In virtual locations, customers, either directly or with the assistance of a representative of the third-party retailer, initiate the lease-to-own transaction online in the retailers’ locations using our virtual solutions.

Rent-A-Center Franchising International, Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Upbound Group, Inc., is a franchisor of lease-to-own stores. At December 31, 2023, Franchising had 440 franchised stores operating in 30 states. Our Franchising segment’s primary source of revenue is the sale of rental merchandise to its franchisees, who in turn offer the merchandise to the general public for rent or purchase under a lease-to-own transaction. The balance of our Franchising segment’s revenue is generated primarily from royalties based on franchisees’ monthly gross revenues.

Rental merchandise is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation for merchandise in Rent-A-Center, certain Acima locations previously operating under our Acceptance Now brand, and Mexico stores is depreciated using the income forecasting method, which is intended to match as closely as practicable the recognition of depreciation expense with the consumption of the rental merchandise, and assumes no salvage value. The consumption of rental merchandise occurs during periods of rental and directly coincides with the receipt of rental revenue over the rental purchase agreement period. Under the income forecasting method, merchandise held for rent is not depreciated and merchandise on rent is depreciated in the proportion of rents received to total rents provided in the lease contract, which is an activity-based method similar to the units of production method. Lease merchandise under Acima Holdings is depreciated over the lease term using a straight-line depreciation method. Depreciation under the straight-line method is recognized each period over the term of the lease-to-own contract irrespective of receipt of revenue payments from the customer. In addition, we depreciate merchandise that is held for rent for at least 180 consecutive days using the straight-line method over a period generally not to exceed 18 months. Smartphones are depreciated over an 18-month straight-line basis beginning with the earlier of on rent or 90 consecutive days held for rent.

Rental merchandise that is damaged and inoperable is expensed when such impairment occurs. If a customer does not return the merchandise or make payment, the remaining book value of the rental merchandise associated with delinquent accounts is generally charged off on or before the 90th day following the time the account became past due in the Rent-A-Center and Mexico segments, on or before the 120th day in our Acima segment and during the month following the 150th day in certain Acima locations formerly operating under the Acceptance Now brand. Minor repairs made to rental merchandise are expensed at the time of the repair. In addition, we maintain a reserve for these expected losses, which estimates the merchandise losses incurred but not yet identified by management as of the end of the accounting period based on a combination of historical write-offs and expected future losses. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the reserve for merchandise losses was $84.7 million and $93.6 million, respectively. Expenses related to merchandise losses, damaged merchandise, or merchandise repairs are recorded

Cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, in addition to in-transit customer payments. We maintain cash and cash equivalents at several financial institutions, which at times may not be federally insured or may exceed federally insured limits. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts and believe we are not exposed to any significant credit risks on such accounts.

Rental merchandise is leased to customers pursuant to lease-to-own agreements which provide for weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly or monthly terms with non-refundable lease payments. The customer has the right to acquire title of the merchandise either through an early purchase option or through payment of all required lease renewals. Rental revenue and fees are recognized over the lease term and merchandise sales revenue is recognized when the customer exercises the purchase option and pays the cash price due. Cash received prior to the period in which it should be recognized is deferred and recognized according to the lease term. Revenue is accrued for uncollected amounts due based on historical collection experience. However, the total potential amount of the lease-to-own agreement is not accrued because the customer can elect not to renew the lease-to-own agreement at any time and, in that case would not owe future lease payments.

Franchise revenues from the sale of rental merchandise are recognized upon shipment of the merchandise to the franchisee. Franchise royalty income and fee revenue is recognized upon completion of substantially all services and satisfaction of all material conditions required under the terms of the franchise agreement. Initial franchise fees charged to franchisees for new or converted franchise stores are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the franchise agreement.

The installment sales receivable associated with the sale of merchandise at our Get It Now and Home Choice stores generally consists of the sales price of the merchandise purchased and any additional fees for services the customer has chosen, less the customer’s down payment. No interest is accrued and interest income is recognized each time a customer makes a payment, generally on a monthly basis.

We have established an allowance for doubtful accounts for our installment notes receivable. Our policy for determining the allowance is primarily based on historical loss experience, as well as the results of management’s review and analysis of the payment and collection of the installment notes receivable within the previous year. We believe our allowance is adequate to absorb all expected losses. Our policy is to charge off installment notes receivable that are 120 days or more past due. Charge-offs are applied as a reduction to the allowance for doubtful accounts and any recoveries of previously charged off balances are recognized as contra-bad debt expense in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Our trade and notes receivables consist of amounts due from our lease-to-own customers for lease renewal payments and past due uncollected lease payments, adjusted for the probability of collection based on our assessment of historical collection rates and length of time the receivable is past due; amounts owed from our franchisees for inventory purchases, earned royalties and other obligations; and other corporate related receivables. The majority of our Franchising trade and notes receivables relate to amounts due from franchisees for inventory purchases, earned royalties and other obligations. Credit is extended to franchisees based on an evaluation of each franchisee’s financial condition and collateral is generally not required. Trade receivables are generally due within 30 days and are reported as amounts due from franchisees, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts that are outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. Franchising determines its allowance by considering a number of factors, including the length of time receivables are past due, previous loss history, the franchisee’s current ability to pay its obligation, and the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. Franchising writes off trade receivables that are 90 or more days past due and payments subsequently received on such receivables are recognized as contra-bad debt expense in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Furniture, equipment and vehicles are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets (generally 5 years) on the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the useful life of the asset or the initial term of the applicable leases on the straight-line method, whichever is shorter.

We have incurred costs to develop computer software for internal use. We capitalize the costs incurred during the application development stage, which includes designing the software configuration and interfaces, coding, installation, and testing. Costs incurred during the preliminary stages along with post-implementation stages of internally developed software are expensed as incurred. Internally developed software costs, once placed in service, are amortized over various periods up to 10 years.

We incur repair and maintenance expenses on our vehicles and equipment. These amounts are recognized when incurred, unless such repairs significantly extend the life of the asset, in which case we amortize the cost of the repairs for the remaining useful life of the asset utilizing the straight-line method.

We record goodwill when the consideration paid for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the identifiable net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not subject to amortization but must be periodically evaluated for impairment for each reporting unit. Impairment occurs when the carrying value of goodwill is not recoverable from future cash flows. We perform an assessment of goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually as of October 1 or when events or circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred.

Our reporting units are our reportable operating segments. Factors which could necessitate an interim impairment assessment include a sustained decline in our stock price, prolonged negative industry or economic trends and significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results.

Based on our assessment, if the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, then the goodwill is not deemed impaired. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds fair value, goodwill is deemed impaired and the impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the respective reporting unit. We determine the fair value of each reporting unit using methodologies which include the present value of estimated future cash flows. The analysis is based upon available information regarding expected future cash flows and discount rates. Discount rates are generally based upon our weighted average cost of capital.

As an alternative to performing a quantitative assessment to measure the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company may perform a qualitative assessment for impairment if it believes it is not more likely than not that the carrying value of the net assets of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value.

Acquired intangible assets are recorded at their estimated fair value as of the date of acquisition and generally include customer relationships, merchant relationships, non-compete agreements and trade names. Customer relationships are generally amortized over a 21-month period, excluding relationships with existing lessees acquired from Acima Holdings which were being amortized over 12 months. Non-compete agreements are amortized over the contractual life of the agreements, merchant relationships are amortized over a 7 to 15 year period, and trade names and other intangible assets are amortized over the estimated life of the asset. Intangible assets are amortized using methods that we believe reflect the pattern in which the economic benefits of the related asset are consumed unless such pattern cannot be reliably determined, in which case we amortize using a straight-line method.

We evaluate all long-lived assets, including intangible assets, excluding goodwill, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the related assets may not be recoverable by the undiscounted net cash flows they will generate. Impairment is recognized when the carrying amounts of such assets exceed their fair value. We determine the fair value of our long-lived assets using methodologies which include the present value of estimated future cash flows of the asset, or related fair market values for similar assets.

We have self-insured retentions with respect to losses under our workers’ compensation, general liability, vehicle liability and health insurance programs. We establish reserves for our liabilities associated with these losses by obtaining forecasts for the ultimate expected losses and estimating amounts needed to pay losses within our self-insured retentions. We make assumptions on our liabilities within our self-insured retentions using actuarial loss forecasts, company-specific development factors, general industry loss development factors, and third-party claim administrator loss estimates which are based on known facts surrounding individual claims. These assumptions incorporate expected increases in health care costs. Periodically, we

reevaluate our estimate of liability within our self-insured retentions. At that time, we evaluate the adequacy of our reserves by comparing amounts reserved on our balance sheet for anticipated losses to our updated actuarial loss forecasts and third-party claim administrator loss estimates, and make adjustments to our reserves as needed.

The functional currency of our foreign operations is the applicable local currency. Assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the current rate of exchange on the last day of the reporting period. Revenues and expenses are generally translated at a daily exchange rate and equity transactions are translated using the actual rate on the day of the transaction.

We record deferred taxes for temporary differences between the tax and financial reporting bases of assets and liabilities at the enacted tax rate expected to be in effect when those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Income tax accounting requires management to make estimates and apply judgments to events that will be recognized in one period under rules that apply to financial reporting in a different period in our tax returns. In particular, judgment is required when estimating the value of future tax deductions, tax credits and net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs), as represented by deferred tax assets. We evaluate the recoverability of these future tax deductions and credits by assessing the future expected taxable income from all sources, including reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies. These sources of income rely heavily on estimates. We use our historical experience and our short- and long-range business forecasts to provide insight and assist us in determining recoverability. When it is determined the recovery of all or a portion of a deferred tax asset is not likely, a valuation allowance is established. We include NOLs in the calculation of deferred tax assets. NOLs are utilized to the extent allowable due to the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and relevant state statutes.

We recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon the ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. A number of years may elapse before a particular matter, for which we have recorded a liability, is audited and effectively settled. We review our tax positions quarterly and adjust our liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the period in which we determine the issue is effectively settled with the tax authorities, the statute of limitations expires for the relevant taxing authority to examine the tax position, or when more information becomes available. We classify accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as interest expense and general & administrative expense, respectively.

We apply the net basis for sales taxes imposed on our goods and services in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We are required by the applicable governmental authorities to collect and remit sales taxes. Accordingly, such amounts are charged to the customer, collected and remitted directly to the appropriate jurisdictional entity.

Basic (loss) earnings per common share are based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period presented. Diluted (loss) earnings per common share are based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus, if dilutive, the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of stock awards at the beginning of the year, or for the period outstanding during the year for current year issuances.

Costs incurred for producing and communicating advertising are expensed when incurred. Advertising expense was $63.1 million, $53.6 million, and $73.9 million, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Advertising expense is net of vendor allowances of $21.7 million, $20.0 million, and $21.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

We maintain long-term incentive plans for the benefit of certain employees and directors, which are described more fully in Note O. We recognize share-based payment awards to our employees and directors at the estimated fair value on the grant date. Determining the fair value of any share-based award requires information about several variables that include, but are not limited to, expected stock volatility over the term of the award, expected dividend yields, and the risk free interest rate. We base the expected term on historical exercise and post-vesting employment-termination experience, and expected volatility on historical realized volatility trends. In addition, all stock-based compensation expense is recorded net of an estimated forfeiture rate. The forfeiture rate is based upon historical activity and is analyzed at least annually as actual forfeitures occur. Compensation costs are recognized net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis. We issue new shares to settle stock awards. Stock options are valued using a Black-Scholes pricing model. Time-vesting restricted stock units are valued using the closing price on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the day before the grant date. Performance-based restricted stock units will vest in accordance with a total shareholder return formula, and are valued by a third-party valuation firm using Monte Carlo simulations.

Certain reclassifications may be made to the reported amounts for prior periods to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications have no impact on net earnings or earnings per share in any period. There were no reclassifications of reported amounts for prior periods included in the financial statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

In preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent losses and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In applying accounting principles, we must often make individual estimates and assumptions regarding expected outcomes or uncertainties. Our estimates, judgments and assumptions are continually evaluated based on available information and experience. However, uncertainties, including those related to recent macroeconomic trends or other factors, may affect certain estimates and assumptions inherent in the financial reporting process, which may impact reported amounts of assets and liabilities in future periods and cause actual results to differ from those estimates.

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standards setting bodies that we adopt as of the specified effective date. As of December 31, 2023, we believe the impact of any recently issued standards that are not yet effective are either not applicable to us at this time, or will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption.