Principles of Consolidation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs

The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities of our consolidated VIEs at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Table 16.1 – Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs


June 30, 2025	Sequoia (2)		CAFL(1)		Freddie Mac SLST(1)		Freddie Mac K-Series		Servicing Investment		HEI		Total Consolidated VIEs
(Dollars in Thousands)
Residential consumer loans, held-for-investment	$	11,587,062	$	—	$	1,264,049	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	12,851,111
Residential investor loans, held-for-investment	—		3,215,096		—		—		—		—		3,215,096
Consolidated Agency multifamily loans	—		—		—		423,097		—		—		423,097
Real estate securities	105,609		—		—		—		—		—		105,609
Home equity investments	—		—		—		—		—		341,281		341,281
Other investments	—		—		—		—		263,182		—		263,182
Cash and cash equivalents	—		—		—		—		19,771		—		19,771
Restricted cash	249		115,211		—		—		—		5,814		121,274
Accrued interest receivable	57,112		25,345		4,375		1,232		—		—		88,064
Other assets	1,984		42,599		2,770		—		8,081		524		55,958
Total Assets	$	11,752,016	$	3,398,251	$	1,271,194	$	424,329	$	291,034	$	347,619	$	17,484,443
Debt Obligations	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	161,166	$	—	$	161,166
Accrued interest payable	48,531		10,697		3,875		1,106		323		—		64,532
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	108		49,928		—		—		35,313		90,263		175,612
Asset-backed securities issued	11,360,848		2,889,739		1,141,549		387,120		—		205,950		15,985,206
Total Liabilities	$	11,409,487	$	2,950,364	$	1,145,424	$	388,226	$	196,802	$	296,213	$	16,386,516

Value of our investments in VIEs (1)	$	333,878	$	444,837	$	125,270	$	35,977	$	94,232	$	51,406	$	1,085,600
Number of VIEs	63		22		3		1		3		2		94


December 31, 2024	Sequoia (2)		CAFL (1)		Freddie Mac SLST(1)		Freddie Mac K-Series		Servicing Investment		HEI		Total Consolidated VIEs
(Dollars in Thousands)
Residential consumer loans, held-for-investment	$	8,819,554	$	—	$	1,244,722	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10,064,276
Residential investor loans, held-for-investment	—		3,308,172		—		—		—		—		3,308,172
Consolidated Agency multifamily loans	—		—		—		424,597		—		—		424,597
Real estate securities	79,285		—		—		—		—		—		79,285
Home equity investments	—		—		—		—		—		332,470		332,470
Other investments	—		—		—		—		262,353		—		262,353
Cash and cash equivalents	—		—		—		—		13,243		—		13,243
Restricted cash	248		22,385		—		—		—		8,403		31,036
Accrued interest receivable	43,503		19,998		4,510		1,245		2,078		—		71,334
Other assets	7		60,859		2,987		—		3,870		453		68,176
Total Assets	$	8,942,597	$	3,411,414	$	1,252,219	$	425,842	$	281,544	$	341,326	$	14,654,942
Debt Obligation	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	159,031	$	—	$	159,031
Accrued interest payable	37,191		9,410		4,062		1,119		359		—		52,141
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	103		28,672		—		—		27,167		82,921		138,863
Asset-backed securities issued	8,585,077		2,932,749		1,151,847		389,434		—		211,097		13,270,204
Total Liabilities	$	8,622,371	$	2,970,831	$	1,155,909	$	390,553	$	186,557	$	294,018	$	13,620,239

Value of our investments in VIEs (1)	$	313,833	$	438,590	$	95,863	$	35,163	$	94,987	$	47,308	$	1,025,744
Number of VIEs	54		21		3		1		3		2		84

(1)The value of our investments in VIEs, as presented in this table, generally represents the fair value of the economic interests we own in VIEs (i.e., the securities or other interests we legally own in the consolidated securitizations or other VIEs). While most of our VIEs are accounted for under the CFE election (whereby the net equity in the VIE generally represents the fair value of our retained interests and associated accrued interest receivable), certain entities, including two CAFL bridge loan securitizations (included within the CAFL column), our SLST re-securitization (included within the Freddie Mac SLST column), and our Servicing Investment VIEs are not accounted for under the CFE election and their associated ABS issued are accounted for at amortized historical cost. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of our interests in the CAFL term loan securitizations accounted for under the CFE election were $330 million and $326 million, respectively. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of our interest in the CAFL bridge loan securitizations accounted for under the CFE election was $38 million and $29 million, respectively, with the difference from the tables above generally representing ABS issued and carried at amortized historical cost and accrued interest on our economic interests. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of our interests in the Freddie Mac SLST securitizations accounted for under the CFE election were $257 million and $242 million, respectively, with the difference from the tables above representing ABS issued and carried at amortized historical cost.

(2)Additionally, the ABS from three and two Sequoia re-securitizations at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, are not accounted for under the CFE election and are accounted for at fair value (included within the Sequoia column at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024). At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of our interests in consolidated Sequoia securitizations accounted for under the CFE election was $611 million and $418 million, respectively, with the difference in value of our investments in these VIEs reflected in the June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 table above representing $106 million and $79 million, respectively, of consolidated Sequoia securities in the Sequoia re-securitizations and $382 million and $184 million, respectively, of ABS issued at fair value.

Schedule of Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

The following table presents additional information at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, related to unconsolidated VIEs sponsored by Redwood and accounted for as sales since 2012.

Table 16.2 – Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood


(In Thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
On-balance sheet assets, at fair value:
Interest-only, senior and subordinate securities, classified as trading	$	35,482	$	36,811
Subordinate securities, classified as AFS	95,602		91,221
Mortgage servicing rights	12,657		12,556
Maximum loss exposure (1)	$	143,741	$	140,588

(1)Maximum loss exposure from our involvement with unconsolidated VIEs pertains to the carrying value of our securities and MSRs retained from these VIEs and represents estimated losses that would be incurred under severe, hypothetical circumstances, such as if the value of our interests and any associated collateral declines to zero. This does not include, for example, any potential exposure to representation and warranty claims associated with our initial transfer of loans into a securitization.

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

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