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Statement of cash flows (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of cash flow  
Schedule of reconciliation of operating profit to cash generated from operations

RECONCILIATION OF OPERATING PROFIT TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS

2021
£m

    

2022
£m

    

2023
£m

Operating profit

 

 

1,884

 

2,323

 

2,682

Share of results of joint ventures and associates

 

 

(29)

 

(19)

 

(46)

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets

 

 

297

 

294

 

279

Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets

 

 

295

 

309

 

330

Amortisation of pre-publication costs

60

72

76

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

 

 

52

 

47

 

43

Depreciation of right-of-use assets

 

 

80

 

63

 

65

Share based remuneration

 

 

45

 

46

 

56

Total non-cash items

 

 

829

 

831

 

849

Increase in inventories and pre-publication costs

 

 

(73)

 

(103)

 

(90)

Increase in receivables

 

 

(103)

 

(251)

 

(24)

(Decrease)/increase in payables

 

 

(32)

 

280

 

(1)

Increase in working capital

 

 

(208)

 

(74)

 

(115)

Cash generated from operations

 

 

2,476

 

3,061

 

3,370

Schedule of cash flow on acquisitions

CASH FLOW ON ACQUISITIONS

Note 

2021
£m

    

2022
£m

    

2023
£m

Purchase of businesses

 

12

(235)

 

(373)

 

(108)

Deferred payments relating to prior year acquisitions

 

(19)

 

(21)

 

(16)

Total

 

(254)

 

(394)

 

(124)

Schedule of reconciliation of net debt

RECONCILIATION OF NET DEBT

Cash and 
cash 
equivalents 
£m 

Debt 
£m 

Related 
derivative 
financial 
instruments 
£m 

Finance 
lease 
receivable 
£m 

Total
£m

As at 1 January 2022

 

113

 

(6,167)

 

35

 

2

 

(6,017)

Increase in cash and cash equivalents

 

208

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

208

Decrease in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper

 

-

 

101

 

-

 

-

 

101

Issuance of term debt

 

-

 

(397)

 

-

 

-

 

(397)

Repayment of term debt

 

-

 

35

 

-

 

-

 

35

Repayment of leases

 

-

 

79

 

-

 

(1)

 

78

Change in net debt resulting from cash flows

 

208

(182)

-

(1)

25

Borrowings in acquired businesses

 

-

 

(3)

 

-

 

-

 

(3)

Remeasurement and derecognition of leases

 

-

 

(5)

 

-

 

-

 

(5)

Inception of leases

 

-

 

(34)

 

-

 

5

 

(29)

Fair value and other adjustments to debt and related derivatives

 

-

 

230

 

(245)

 

-

 

(15)

Exchange translation differences

 

13

 

(569)

 

(3)

 

(1)

 

(560)

At 1 January 2023

 

334

 

(6,730)

 

(213)

 

5

 

(6,604)

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents

 

(169)

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

(169)

Increase in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper

 

-

 

(84)

 

-

 

-

 

(84)

Issuance of term debt

 

-

 

(651)

 

-

 

-

 

(651)

Repayment of term debt

 

-

 

847

 

-

 

-

 

847

Repayment of leases

 

-

 

72

 

-

 

(2)

 

70

Change in net debt resulting from cash flows

 

(169)

 

184

 

-

 

(2)

 

13

Borrowings in disposed businesses

-

1

-

-

1

Inception of leases

 

-

 

(38)

 

-

 

1

 

(37)

Fair value and other adjustments to debt and related derivatives

 

-

 

(100)

 

97

 

-

 

(3)

Exchange translation differences

 

(10)

 

186

 

8

 

-

 

184

At 31 December 2023

 

155

 

(6,497)

 

(108)

 

4

 

(6,446)