<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0607</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>3</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2026-05-29</periodOfReport>

    <noSecuritiesOwned>0</noSecuritiesOwned>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000928876</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>TSEM</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0002129121</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Ellwanger Russell Craig</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerNonUSAddressFlag>false</rptOwnerNonUSAddressFlag>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>288 COUNTY ROAD #127</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>BEDFORD</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>WY</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>83112</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>Chief Executive Officer</officerTitle>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Ordinary Shares</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>66964</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Ordinary Shares</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>279362</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Ordinary Shares</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>217500</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F3"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Ordinary Shares</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>173893</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Ordinary Shares</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>14650</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F5"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">The Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units (&quot;RSUs&quot;), each of which represents a contingent right to receive one share of ordinary stock of Tower Semiconductor Ltd. (the &quot;Company&quot;). The 66,964 will vest on 07/03/2026, subject to the Reporting Persons</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">The Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units (&quot;RSUs&quot;), each of which represents a contingent right to receive one share of ordinary stock of Tower Semiconductor Ltd. (the &quot;Company&quot;). 83,709 have vested, additional 97,826 will vest on 07/31/2026 and the remaining 97,827 will vest on 07/31/2027 subject to the Reporting Persons continued service through each vesting date.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">The Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units (&quot;RSUs&quot;), each of which represents a contingent right to receive one share of ordinary stock of Tower Semiconductor Ltd. (the &quot;Company&quot;). 145,000 have already vested and the remaining 72,500 will vest on 05/27/2027 subject to the Reporting Persons continued service through each vesting date.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F4">The Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units (&quot;RSUs&quot;), each of which represents a contingent right to receive one share of ordinary stock of Tower Semiconductor Ltd. (the &quot;Company&quot;). 57,963 will vest on 07/30/2026, additional 57,963 will vest on 07/30/2027 and the remaining 57,967 will vest on 07/30/2028 subject to the Reporting Persons continued service through each vesting date.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F5">The Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units (&quot;RSUs&quot;) each of which represents a contingent right to receive one share of ordinary stock of Tower Semiconductor Ltd. (the &quot;Company&quot;). The 14,650 will vest on 07/30/2026, subject to the Reporting Persons continued service through each vesting date.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <remarks>This Form 3 is being filed to report the Reporting Person beneficial ownership of securities of the Issuer as of the date the Reporting Person became subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.</remarks>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Yohanan Azriel on behalf of Oppenheimer Israel, as Attorney-in-fact</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2026-05-29</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
