<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0607</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>3</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2026-05-28</periodOfReport>

    <noSecuritiesOwned>0</noSecuritiesOwned>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000928876</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>TSEM</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0002127498</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Kaufman Kalman</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerNonUSAddressFlag>true</rptOwnerNonUSAddressFlag>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>13 HAVAZELET STREET</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>CAESAREA</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerNonUSStateTerritory></rptOwnerNonUSStateTerritory>
            <rptOwnerCountry>L3</rptOwnerCountry>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>3097413</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription>ISRAEL</rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>1</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Ordinary Shares</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>667</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Ordinary Shares</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>4920</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Ordinary Shares</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>4182</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F3"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">These shares were issued upon vesting of previously granted RSU's</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">The Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units (&quot;RSUs&quot;), each of which represents a contingent right to receive one share of ordinary stock of Tower Semiconductor Ltd. (the &quot;Company&quot;). 2,460 are already vested and the remaining 2,460 will vest on 07/31/2026, subject to the Reporting Persons continued service through each vesting date.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">The Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units (&quot;RSUs&quot;), each of which represents a contingent right to receive one share of ordinary stock of Tower Semiconductor Ltd. (the &quot;Company&quot;). 2,091 will vest on 07/30/2026 and the remaining 2,091 will vest on 07/30/2027, subject to the Reporting Persons continued service through each vesting date.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <remarks>This Form 3 is being filed to report the Reporting Person beneficial ownership of securities of the Issuer as of the date the Reporting Person became subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.</remarks>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Yohanan Azriel on behalf of Oppenheimer Israel, as Attorney-in-fact</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2026-05-28</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
