UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

☐   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission File Number: 0-25248

CONSOLIDATED WATER CO. LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

CAYMAN ISLANDS	98-0619652
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
Regatta Office Park
Windward Three, 4th Floor, West Bay Road
P.O. Box 1114
Grand Cayman KY1-1102
Cayman Islands	N/A
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(345) 945-4277

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.60 par value	CWCO	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes       ☒     No       ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes         ☒     No         ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ☐     Accelerated filer  ☐

Non-accelerated filer   ☒   Smaller reporting company   ☒    Emerging growth company    ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.          ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)  Yes       ☐     No         ☒

As of May 10, 2024, 15,828,929 shares of the registrant’s common stock, with US$0.60 par value, were outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Description	Page
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	4
Item 1	Financial Statements	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2023	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8
Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	34
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	34
PART II	OTHER INFORMATION	35
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	35
Item 1A	Risk Factors	36
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	38
Item 5	Other Information	38
Item 6	Exhibits	38
SIGNATURES		39

2

Note Regarding Currency and Exchange Rates

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to “$” or “US$” are to United States dollars.

The exchange rate for conversion of Cayman Island dollars (CI$) into US$, as determined by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority, has been fixed since April 1974 at US$1.20 per CI$1.00.

The exchange rate for conversion of Bahamas dollars (B$) into US$, as determined by the Central Bank of The Bahamas, has been fixed since 1973 at US$1.00 per B$1.00.

The official currency of the British Virgin Islands is the US$.

3

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONSOLIDATED WATER CO. LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

		March 31,		December 31,
		2024		2023
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	46,177,641	$	42,621,898
Accounts receivable, net		41,764,256		38,226,891
Inventory		4,181,593		6,044,642
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,766,319		4,056,370
Contract assets		23,340,495		21,553,057
Current assets of discontinued operations		542,257		211,517
Total current assets		118,772,561		112,714,375
Property, plant and equipment, net		54,848,748		55,882,521
Construction in progress		819,420		495,471
Inventory, noncurrent		5,005,026		5,045,771
Investment in OC-BVI		1,262,474		1,412,158
Goodwill		12,861,404		12,861,404
Intangible assets, net		3,189,092		3,353,185
Operating lease right-of-use assets		2,052,610		2,135,446
Other assets		3,227,950		3,407,973
Long-term assets of discontinued operations		21,126,898		21,129,288
Total assets	$	223,166,183	$	218,437,592
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	11,148,185	$	11,604,369
Accrued compensation		4,337,849		3,160,030
Dividends payable		1,578,080		1,572,655
Current maturities of operating leases		381,423		456,865
Current portion of long-term debt		183,382		192,034
Contract liabilities		5,459,342		6,237,011
Deferred revenue		261,242		317,017
Current liabilities of discontinued operations		453,081		364,665
Total current liabilities		23,802,584		23,904,646
Long-term debt, noncurrent		149,824		191,190
Deferred tax liabilities		83,931		530,780
Noncurrent operating leases		1,735,851		1,827,302
Other liabilities		153,000		153,000
Total liabilities		25,925,190		26,606,918
Commitments and contingencies
Equity
Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. stockholders' equity
Redeemable preferred stock, $0.60 par value. Authorized 200,000 shares; issued and outstanding 44,025 and 44,297 shares, respectively		26,415		26,578
Class A common stock, $0.60 par value. Authorized 24,655,000 shares; issued and outstanding 15,828,929 and 15,771,545 shares, respectively		9,497,357		9,462,927
Class B common stock, $0.60 par value. Authorized 145,000 shares; none issued		—		—
Additional paid-in capital		92,431,605		92,188,887
Retained earnings		90,113,086		85,148,820
Total Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. stockholders' equity		192,068,463		186,827,212
Non-controlling interests		5,172,530		5,003,462
Total equity		197,240,993		191,830,674
Total liabilities and equity	$	223,166,183	$	218,437,592

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

CONSOLIDATED WATER CO. LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue	$	39,689,390	$	32,868,990
Cost of revenue		25,811,367		22,309,908
Gross profit		13,878,023		10,559,082
General and administrative expenses		6,564,029		6,036,662
Gain on asset dispositions and impairments, net		—		5,916
Income from operations		7,313,994		4,528,336
Other income (expense):
Interest income		334,142		113,644
Interest expense		(33,501)		(37,844)
Profit-sharing income from OC-BVI		20,250		14,175
Equity in the earnings of OC-BVI		57,316		35,558
Other		39,977		31,526
Other income, net		418,184		157,059
Income before income taxes		7,732,178		4,685,395
Provision for income taxes		621,696		449,485
Net income from continuing operations		7,110,482		4,235,910
Income from continuing operations attributable to non-controlling interests		169,068		163,121
Net income from continuing operations attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. stockholders		6,941,414		4,072,789
Loss from discontinued operations		(467,066)		(259,163)
Net income attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. stockholders	$	6,474,348	$	3,813,626
Basic earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. common stockholders
Continuing operations	$	0.44	$	0.26
Discontinued operations		(0.03)		(0.02)
Basic earnings per share	$	0.41	$	0.24
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. common stockholders
Continuing operations	$	0.43	$	0.26
Discontinued operations		(0.03)		(0.02)
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.40	$	0.24
Dividends declared per common and redeemable preferred shares	$	0.095	$	0.085
Weighted average number of common shares used in the determination of:
Basic earnings per share		15,828,929		15,723,595
Diluted earnings per share		15,984,548		15,888,028

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

CONSOLIDATED WATER CO. LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

	Redeemable						Additional				Non-		Total
	preferred stock			Common stock			paid-in		Retained		controlling		stockholders’
	Shares	Dollars		Shares	Dollars		capital		earnings		interests		equity
Balance as of December 31, 2023	44,297	$	26,578	15,771,545	$	9,462,927	$	92,188,887	$	85,148,820	$	5,003,462	$	191,830,674
Issue of share capital	—		—	57,384		34,430		(34,430)		—		—		—
Buyback of preferred stock	(272)		(163)	—		—		(2,727)		—		—		(2,890)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		6,474,348		169,068		6,643,416
Dividends declared	—		—	—		—		—		(1,510,082)		—		(1,510,082)
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		279,875		—		—		279,875
Balance as of March 31, 2024	44,025	$	26,415	15,828,929	$	9,497,357	$	92,431,605	$	90,113,086	$	5,172,530	$	197,240,993

	Redeemable						Additional				Non-		Total
	preferred stock			Common stock			paid-in		Retained		controlling		stockholders’
	Shares	Dollars		Shares	Dollars		capital		earnings		interests		equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022	34,383	$	20,630	15,322,875	$	9,193,725	$	89,205,159	$	61,247,699	$	8,096,976	$	167,764,189
Issue of share capital	—		—	44,783		26,870		(26,870)		—		—		—
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		3,813,626		163,121		3,976,747
Purchase of remaining non-controlling interest in PERC	—		—	368,383		221,030		1,006,248				(3,667,305)		(2,440,027)
Dividends declared	—		—	—		—		—		(1,342,015)		—		(1,342,015)
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		463,893		—		—		463,893
Balance as of March 31, 2023	34,383	$	20,630	15,736,041	$	9,441,625	$	90,648,430	$	63,719,310	$	4,592,792	$	168,422,787

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

CONSOLIDATED WATER CO. LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. stockholders	$	6,474,348	$	3,813,626
Income from continuing operations attributable to non-controlling interests		169,068		163,121
Net income		6,643,416		3,976,747
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Foreign currency transaction adjustment - discontinued operations		(959)		(1,344)
Loss from discontinued operations		468,025		260,507
Depreciation and amortization		1,674,699		1,594,078
Deferred income tax benefit		(446,849)		(37,651)
Provision for credit losses		177,849		(26,873)
Compensation expense relating to stock and stock option grants		279,875		463,893
Gain on asset dispositions and impairments, net		—		(5,915)
Profit-sharing and equity in earnings of OC-BVI		(77,566)		(49,733)
Distribution of earnings from OC-BVI		227,250		303,000
Change in:
Accounts receivable		(3,715,214)		(2,475,548)
Contract assets		(1,787,438)		(3,213,865)
Inventory		1,746,438		(3,382,870)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		1,275,345		108,131
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities		721,635		1,474,583
Contract liabilities		(777,669)		6,695,239
Operating lease liabilities		(1,302)		(1,300)
Deferred revenue		(55,775)		(9,569)
Net cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations		6,351,760		5,671,510
Net cash used in operating activities - discontinued operations		(401,758)		(324,965)
Net cash provided by operating activities		5,950,002		5,346,545
Cash flows from investing activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment and construction in progress		(531,452)		(1,381,796)
Proceeds from asset dispositions		—		15,944
Purchase of remaining non-controlling interest in PERC		—		(2,440,027)
Net cash used in investing activities		(531,452)		(3,805,879)
Cash flows from financing activities
Dividends paid to common shareholders		(1,500,449)		(1,303,974)
Dividends paid to preferred shareholders		(4,208)		(2,922)
Buyback of redeemable preferred stock		(2,890)		—
Principal repayments on long-term debt		(50,018)		(27,218)
Net cash used in financing activities		(1,557,565)		(1,334,114)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		3,860,985		206,552
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		42,621,898		50,711,751
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period - discontinued operations		91,283		442,252
Less: cash and cash equivalents at end of period - discontinued operations		(396,525)		(256,287)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	46,177,641	$	51,104,268
Non-cash transactions:
Issuance of 57,384 and 44,873, respectively, shares of common stock for services rendered	$	730,524	$	621,811
Dividends declared but not paid	$	1,507,931	$	1,342,695
Issuance of 0 and 368,383, respectively, shares of common stock for the purchase of non-controlling interest in PERC	$	—	$	5,359,973
Transfers from inventory to property, plant and equipment and construction in progress	$	157,356	$	61,665
Transfers from construction in progress to property, plant and equipment	$	184,402	$	133,664
Transfers from prepaid expenses to property, plant and equipment	$	67,136	$	91,123
Transfers from prepaid expenses to inventory	$	—	$	238,032

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

CONSOLIDATED WATER CO. LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

1. Principal activity

Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) supply potable water, treat wastewater and water for reuse, and provide water-related products and services to customers in the Cayman Islands, The Bahamas, the United States and the British Virgin Islands. The Company produces potable water from seawater using reverse osmosis technology and sells this water to a variety of customers, including public utilities, commercial and tourist properties, residential properties and government facilities. The Company designs, constructs and sells water production and water treatment infrastructure and manages water infrastructure for commercial and governmental customers. The Company also manufactures a wide range of specialized and custom water industry related products and provides design, engineering, operating and other services applicable to commercial, municipal and industrial water production, supply and treatment.

2. Accounting policies

Basis of consolidation: The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company’s (i) wholly-owned subsidiaries, Aerex Industries, Inc. (“Aerex”), Aquilex, Inc. (“Aquilex”), Cayman Water Company Limited (“Cayman Water”), Consolidated Water Cooperatief, U.A. (“CW-Cooperatief”), Consolidated Water U.S. Holdings, Inc. (“CW-Holdings”), DesalCo Limited (“DesalCo”), Kalaeloa Desalco LLC (“Kalaeloa Desalco”), Ocean Conversion (Cayman) Limited (“OC-Cayman”), PERC Water Corporation ("PERC") and Ramey Environmental Compliance, Inc. (“REC”); and (ii) majority-owned subsidiaries Consolidated Water (Bahamas) Ltd. (“CW-Bahamas”), N.S.C. Agua, S.A. de C.V. (“NSC”), and Aguas de Rosarito S.A.P.I. de C.V. (“AdR”). The Company’s investment in its affiliate Ocean Conversion (BVI) Ltd. (“OC-BVI”) is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In January 2023, as a result of CW-Holdings' exercise of a call option in October 2022, CW-Holdings purchased the remaining 39% ownership interest in PERC for $2.4 million in cash, and 368,383 shares of the Company’s common stock having a value of approximately $5.36 million based upon the opening trading price of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Global Market on the date of the transaction. After giving effect to this purchase, CW-Holdings owns 100% of the outstanding capital stock of PERC.

In September 2021, Kalaeloa Desalco was formed to pursue a project in Oahu, Hawaii. On June 2, 2023, Kalaeloa Desalco signed a definitive agreement with the Honolulu Board of Water Supply to design, construct, operate and maintain a 1.7 million gallons per day seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant in Oahu, Hawaii.

Effective October 1, 2023, the Company purchased, through its wholly-owned subsidiary PERC, a 100% ownership interest in REC, a Colorado company that operates and maintains water and wastewater treatment facilities and provides technical services to clients throughout the Rocky Mountain and Eastern Plains Regions of Colorado. PERC acquired REC for approximately $4.1 million and recorded goodwill and intangible assets from this acquisition of $2,436,391 and $1,108,390 respectively.

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. These condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (which are of a normal recurring nature) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to fairly present the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of and for the periods presented. The consolidated results of operations for these interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for future periods, including the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024.

These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes are presented in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) relating to interim financial statements and in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP have been

8

condensed or omitted in these condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to SEC rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made herein are adequate to make the information not misleading. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Foreign currency: The Company’s reporting currency is the United States dollar (“US$”). The functional currency of the Company and its foreign operating subsidiaries (other than NSC, AdR, and CW-Cooperatief) is the currency for each respective country. The functional currency for NSC, AdR, and CW-Cooperatief is the US$. NSC and AdR conduct business in US$ and Mexican pesos and CW-Cooperatief conducts business in US$ and euros. The exchange rates for the Cayman Islands dollar and the Bahamian dollar are fixed to the US$. The exchange rates for conversion of Mexican pesos and euros into US$ vary based upon market conditions.

Net foreign currency gains arising from transactions and re-measurements were $24,197 and $25,779 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are included in “Other income (expense) - Other” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits at banks and certificates of deposit at banks with an original maturity of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 include approximately $5.2 million and $5.1 million, respectively, of certificates of deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.

Certain transfers from the Company’s Bahamas bank accounts to Company bank accounts in other countries require the approval of the Central Bank of The Bahamas. The equivalent United States dollar cash balances held in The Bahamas as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were approximately $6.9 million and $3.0 million, respectively.

Goodwill and intangible assets: Goodwill represents the excess cost of an acquired business over the fair value of the assets and liabilities of the acquired business as of the date of acquisition. Goodwill and intangible assets recorded as a result of a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually or upon the identification of a triggering event. Intangible assets with estimable useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values and reviewed periodically for impairment. The Company evaluates the possible impairment of goodwill annually as part of its reporting process for the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. Management identifies the Company’s reporting units for goodwill impairment testing purposes, which consist of Cayman Water, the bulk segment (which is comprised of CW-Bahamas and OC-Cayman), PERC, REC, and the manufacturing segment (i.e., Aerex), and determines the carrying value of each reporting unit by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and intangible assets, to those reporting units. The Company determines the fair value of each reporting unit and compares these fair values to the carrying amounts of the reporting units. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, an impairment loss is recorded.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company elected to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it was necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment testing that was conducted in prior years for the reporting units. The Company assessed the relevant events and circumstances to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair values of such reporting units were less than their carrying values. The events and circumstances assessed for each reporting unit included macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, and other relevant events. Based upon this qualitative assessment, the Company determined that it is more likely than not that the fair values of its reporting units exceeded their carrying values as of December 31, 2023.

Income taxes: The Company accounts for the income taxes arising from the operations of its United States subsidiaries under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities, if any, are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized

9

in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided to the extent any deferred tax asset may not be realized.

The Company is not presently subject to income taxes in the other countries in which it operates.

Revenue recognition: Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

The following table presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by revenue source.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Retail revenue	$	8,624,938	$	7,771,095
Bulk revenue		8,342,094		9,004,373
Services revenue		17,417,611		12,721,701
Manufacturing revenue		5,304,747		3,371,821
Total revenue	$	39,689,390	$	32,868,990

Services revenue consists of the following:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Construction revenue	$	9,203,662	$	8,693,516
Operations and maintenance revenue		7,099,354		3,685,805
Design and consulting revenue		1,114,595		342,380
Total services revenue	$	17,417,611	$	12,721,701

Retail revenue

The Company produces and supplies water to end-users, including residential, commercial and governmental customers in the Cayman Islands under an exclusive retail license issued to Cayman Water by the Cayman Islands government to provide water in two of the three most populated areas on Grand Cayman. Customers are billed on a monthly basis based on metered consumption and bills are typically collected within 30 to 45 days after the billing date. Receivables not collected within 45 days subject the customer to disconnection from water service.

The Company recognizes revenue from water sales at the time water is supplied to the customer’s premises. The amount of water supplied is determined and invoiced based upon water meter readings performed at the end of each month. All retail water contracts are month-to-month contracts. The Company has elected the “right to invoice” practical expedient for revenue recognition on its retail water sale contracts and recognizes revenue in the amount to which the Company has a right to invoice, recognizing this revenue from the transfer of goods or services to customers at a point in time.

Bulk revenue

The Company produces and supplies water to government-owned utilities in the Cayman Islands and The Bahamas.

OC-Cayman provides bulk water to the Water Authority-Cayman (“WAC”), a government-owned utility and regulatory agency, under two agreements. The WAC in turn distributes such water to properties in Grand Cayman outside of Cayman Water’s retail license area.

The Company sells bulk water in The Bahamas through its majority-owned subsidiary, CW-Bahamas, under two agreements with the Water and Sewerage Corporation of The Bahamas (“WSC”), which distributes such water through its own pipeline system to residential, commercial and tourist properties on the island of New Providence.

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The Company has elected the “right to invoice” practical expedient for revenue recognition on its bulk water sale contracts and recognizes revenue in the amount to which the Company has a right to invoice, recognizing this revenue from the transfer of goods or services to customers at a point in time.

Services and Manufacturing revenue

The Company designs, constructs, sells, operates and maintains, and provides consulting services related to water, wastewater and water reuse infrastructure through PERC. All of PERC's customers are companies or governmental entities located in the United States. Effective October 2023, PERC acquired REC, a company that provides operations and maintenance and consulting services to companies and governmental entities located in the state of Colorado.

The Company also provides design, engineering, management, procurement and construction services for desalination infrastructure through DesalCo, which serves customers in the Cayman Islands, The Bahamas and the British Virgin Islands.

The Company, through Aerex, is a custom and specialty manufacturer of systems and products applicable to commercial, municipal and industrial water production and treatment. Substantially all of Aerex’s customers are U.S. companies.

The Company generates construction, operations and maintenance, design and consulting revenue from PERC and DesalCo and generates manufacturing revenue from Aerex. The Company also generates operations and maintenance and consulting revenue from REC.

The Company recognizes revenue for its construction and custom/specialized manufacturing contracts over time under the input method using costs incurred (which represents work performed) to date relative to the total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying a contract’s performance obligations as such measure best reflects the transfer of control of the promised good to the customer. Contract costs include labor, materials, subcontractor costs and other expenses. The Company follows this method since it can make reasonably dependable estimates of the revenue and costs applicable to the various stages of a contract. Under this input method, the Company records revenue and recognizes profit or loss as work on the contract progresses. The Company estimates total costs to be incurred and profit to be earned on each long-term, fixed price contract prior to commencement of work on the contract and updates these estimates as work on the contract progresses. The cumulative amount of revenue recorded on a contract at a specified point in time is that percentage of total estimated revenue that incurred costs to date comprise of estimated total contract costs. Due to the extended time it may take to complete many of the Company’s contracts and the scope and nature of the work required to be performed on those contracts, the estimations of total revenue and costs at completion are complicated and subject to many variables and, accordingly, are subject to changes. When adjustments in estimated total contract revenue or estimated total contract costs are required, any changes from prior estimates are recognized in the current period for the inception-to-date effect of such changes. The Company recognizes the full amount of any estimated loss on a contract at the time the estimates indicate such a loss. Any contract assets are classified as current assets. Contract liabilities on uncompleted contracts, if any, are classified as current liabilities.

The Company has elected the “right to invoice” practical expedient for revenue recognition on its operations and maintenance, design and consulting contracts and recognizes revenue in the amount to which the Company has a right to invoice, recognizing this revenue from the transfer of goods or services to customers at a point in time.

11

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $9,397,093 and $8,588,584, respectively, of its services revenue from the transfer of goods or services to customers over time. The remaining services revenue of $8,020,518 and $4,133,117, respectively, was recognized from the transfer of goods or services to customers at a point in time. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized all of its manufacturing revenue from the transfer of goods or services to customers over time.

Revenue recognized and amounts billed on contracts in progress are summarized as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue recognized to date on contracts in progress	$	122,712,011	$	108,952,682
Amounts billed to date on contracts in progress		(113,622,422)		(101,724,459)
Retainage		8,791,564		8,087,823
Net contract asset	$	17,881,153	$	15,316,046

The above net balances are reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Contract assets	$	23,340,495	$	21,553,057
Contract liabilities		(5,459,342)		(6,237,011)
Net contract asset	$	17,881,153	$	15,316,046

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts in progress representing approximately $152.3 million in aggregate transaction price for contracts with an original expected length of greater than one year. The Company expects to earn revenue as it satisfies its performance obligations under those contracts in the amount of approximately $15.0 million during the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2024 and approximately $137.3 million thereafter. In addition, the Company recognized revenue of approximately $2.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024, that was included in the contract liability balance as of December 31, 2023.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed.

Comparative amounts: Certain amounts presented in the financial statements previously issued for 2023 have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.

3. Segment information

The Company has four reportable segments: retail, bulk, services and manufacturing. The retail segment operates the water utility for the Seven Mile Beach and West Bay areas of Grand Cayman pursuant to an exclusive license granted by the Cayman Islands government. The bulk segment supplies potable water to government utilities in Grand Cayman and The Bahamas under long-term contracts. The services segment designs, constructs and sells water infrastructure and provides management and operating services to third parties. The manufacturing segment manufactures and services a wide range of custom and specialized water-related products applicable to commercial, municipal and industrial water production, supply and treatment. Consistent with prior periods, the Company records all non-direct general and administrative expenses in its retail segment and does not allocate any of these non-direct expenses to its other three business segments.

The accounting policies of the segments are consistent with those described in Note 2. The Company evaluates each segment’s performance based upon its income (or loss) from operations. All intercompany transactions are eliminated for segment presentation purposes.

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The Company’s segments are strategic business units that are managed separately because each segment sells different products and/or services, serves customers with distinctly different needs and generates different gross profit margins.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Retail		Bulk		Services		Manufacturing		Total
Revenue	$	8,624,938	$	8,342,094	$	17,417,611	$	5,304,747	$	39,689,390
Cost of revenue		3,551,344		5,565,258		12,668,939		4,025,826		25,811,367
Gross profit		5,073,594		2,776,836		4,748,672		1,278,921		13,878,023
General and administrative expenses		4,104,332		344,141		1,597,854		517,702		6,564,029
Income from operations	$	969,262	$	2,432,695	$	3,150,818	$	761,219		7,313,994
Other income, net										418,184
Income before income taxes										7,732,178
Provision for income taxes										621,696
Net income from continuing operations										7,110,482
Income from continuing operations attributable to non-controlling interests										169,068
Net income from continuing operations attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. stockholders										6,941,414
Net loss from discontinued operations										(467,066)
Net income attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. stockholders									$	6,474,348

Depreciation and amortization expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 for the retail, bulk, services and manufacturing segments were $640,470, $716,328, $251,752 and $66,149, respectively.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Retail		Bulk		Services		Manufacturing		Total
Revenue	$	7,771,095	$	9,004,373	$	12,721,701	$	3,371,821	$	32,868,990
Cost of revenue		3,550,794		6,243,146		10,044,078		2,471,890		22,309,908
Gross profit		4,220,301		2,761,227		2,677,623		899,931		10,559,082
General and administrative expenses		4,177,107		352,975		1,088,672		417,908		6,036,662
Gain (loss) on asset dispositions and impairments, net		(7,287)		11,270		—		1,933		5,916
Income from operations	$	35,907	$	2,419,522	$	1,588,951	$	483,956		4,528,336
Other income, net										157,059
Income before income taxes										4,685,395
Provision for income taxes										449,485
Net income from continuing operations										4,235,910
Income attributable to non-controlling interests										163,121
Net income from continuing operations attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. stockholders										4,072,789
Net loss from discontinued operations										(259,163)
Net income attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. stockholders									$	3,813,626

Depreciation and amortization expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 for the retail, bulk, services and manufacturing segments were $626,637, $728,129, $171,349 and $67,963, respectively.

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	As of March 31, 2024
	Retail		Bulk		Services		Manufacturing		Total
Accounts receivable, net	$	3,772,393	$	25,652,487	$	9,071,028	$	3,268,348	$	41,764,256
Inventory, current and non-current	$	3,076,106	$	4,885,944	$	—	$	1,224,569	$	9,186,619
Contract assets	$	—	$	—	$	17,995,584	$	5,344,911	$	23,340,495
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	32,429,299	$	19,686,717	$	1,047,825	$	1,684,907	$	54,848,748
Construction in progress	$	659,798	$	12,661	$	—	$	146,961	$	819,420
Intangibles, net	$	—	$	—	$	2,551,314	$	637,778	$	3,189,092
Goodwill	$	1,170,511	$	1,948,875	$	7,756,807	$	1,985,211	$	12,861,404
Total segment assets	$	58,080,386	$	66,445,312	$	60,231,126	$	16,740,204	$	201,497,028
Assets of discontinued operations									$	21,669,155
Total assets									$	223,166,183

	As of December 31, 2023
	Retail		Bulk		Services		Manufacturing		Total
Accounts receivable, net	$	3,425,948	$	26,965,126	$	6,802,780	$	1,033,037	$	38,226,891
Inventory, current and non-current	$	3,041,460	$	4,858,324	$	55,272	$	3,135,357	$	11,090,413
Contract assets	$	—	$	—	$	17,715,872	$	3,837,185	$	21,553,057
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	32,809,487	$	20,370,056	$	1,143,884	$	1,559,094	$	55,882,521
Construction in progress	$	380,436	$	—	$	—	$	115,035	$	495,471
Intangibles, net	$	—	$	—	$	2,692,074	$	661,111	$	3,353,185
Goodwill	$	1,170,511	$	1,948,875	$	7,756,807	$	1,985,211	$	12,861,404
Total segment assets	$	58,774,647	$	63,956,725	$	58,476,773	$	15,888,642	$	197,096,787
Assets of discontinued operations									$	21,340,805
Total assets									$	218,437,592

4. Earnings per share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed on a basic and diluted basis. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income (less preferred stock dividends) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted EPS assumes the issuance of common shares for all potential common shares outstanding during the reporting period and, if dilutive, the effect of stock options as computed under the treasury stock method.

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The following summarizes information related to the computation of basic and diluted EPS:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Net income from continuing operations attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. stockholders	$	6,941,414	$	4,072,789
Less: preferred stock dividends		(4,182)		(2,923)
Net income from continuing operations available to common shares in the determination of basic earnings per common share		6,937,232		4,069,866
Loss from discontinued operations		(467,066)		(259,163)
Net income available to common shares in the determination of basic earnings per common share	$	6,470,166	$	3,810,703
Weighted average number of common shares in the determination of basic earnings per common share attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. common stockholders		15,828,929		15,723,595
Plus:
Weighted average number of preferred shares outstanding during the period		44,180		34,383
Potential dilutive effect of unexercised options and unvested stock grants		111,439		130,050
Weighted average number of shares used for determining diluted earnings per common share attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. common stockholders		15,984,548		15,888,028

5. Discontinued operations - Mexico project development

In 2010, the Company began the pursuit, through its Netherlands subsidiary, CW-Cooperatief, and its Mexico subsidiary, NSC, of a project (the “Project”) that encompassed the construction, operation and minority ownership of a 100 million gallons per day seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant to be located in northern Baja California, Mexico and accompanying pipelines to deliver water to the Mexican potable water system.

Through a series of transactions that began in 2012, NSC purchased 20.1 hectares of land for approximately $21.1 million on which the proposed Project’s plant was to be constructed.

Following an assessment by the State of Baja, California (the “State”) of the need for such a desalination plant and the passage of enabling legislation in November 2015, the State officially commenced the required public tender for the Project. A consortium (the “Consortium”) comprised of NSC, Suez Medio Ambiente México, S.A. de C.V. (“Suez MA”), a subsidiary of SUEZ International, S.A.S., and NuWater S.A.P.I. de C.V. (“NuWater”) submitted its tender for the Project in April 2016 and in June 2016, the State designated the Consortium as the winner of the tender process for the Project.

In August 2016, NSC and NuWater incorporated a new company under the name AdR to pursue completion of the Project and executed a shareholders agreement for AdR agreeing among other things that (i) AdR would purchase the land and other Project assets from NSC on the date that the Project begins commercial operation and (ii) AdR would enter into a Management and Technical Services Agreement with NSC effective on the first day that the Project begins commercial operation. NSC initially owned 99.6% of the equity of AdR. In February 2018, CW-Holdings acquired the remaining 0.4% ownership in AdR from NuWater.

On August 22, 2016, the Public Private Partnership Agreement for the Project (the “APP Contract”) was executed between AdR, the State Water Commission of Baja, California (“CEA”), and the Government of Baja California, as represented by the Secretary of Planning and Finance and the Public Utilities Commission of Tijuana (“CESPT”). The APP Contract required AdR to design, construct, finance and operate a seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant (and accompanying aqueduct) with a capacity of up to 100 million gallons per day in two phases: the first with a capacity of 50 million gallons per day and an aqueduct to the Mexican public water system in Tijuana, Baja California and the second phase with a capacity of 50 million gallons per day. The first phase was to be operational within 36 months of commencing construction and the second phase was to be operational by January 2025. The APP Contract further required AdR to operate and maintain the plant and aqueduct for a period of 37 years starting from the commencement of operation of the first phase.

15

At the end of the operating period, the plant and aqueduct would have been transferred to CEA. The APP Contract was subsequently amended by the parties in June 2018 to increase the scope of Phase 1 and to allow for changes in the water tariff due to the changes in the exchange rate for the peso, interest rates and construction costs that had and would occur from the date the APP Contract was signed to the date construction commenced.

On June 29, 2020, AdR received a letter (the “Letter”) from the Director General of CEA and the Director General of CESPT terminating the APP Contract. The Letter requested that AdR provide an inventory of the assets that currently comprise the “Project Works” (as defined in the APP Contract) for the purpose of acknowledging and paying the non-recoverable expenses made by AdR in connection with the Project, with such reimbursement to be calculated in accordance with the terms of the APP Contract. The applicable law required that this list of non-recoverable expenses made by AdR in connection with the Project be submitted to CEA and CESPT within 20 business days from the date of receipt of the Letter. AdR initiated an amparo claim before a federal district court in Tijuana, Baja California, to challenge the provision of the applicable law requiring submittal of the list of non-recoverable expenses within the 20 business days term, as AdR considered such term to be unreasonably short due to the magnitude of the Project and the scope of supporting documentation required to be provided with respect to the non-recoverable expenses. AdR obtained an initial provisional suspension of the lapsing of such 20-day term from the court, and on August 10, 2020 the court made such suspension definitive until the completion of the amparo trial. As such, the 20-day term for filing the list of non-recoverable expenses was suspended. Therefore, on August 28, 2020, AdR submitted their list of non-recoverable expenses, including those of NSC, to CEA and CESPT which was comprised of 51,144,525 United States dollars and an additional 137,333,114 Mexican pesos. In February 2021, AdR withdrew this amparo claim, and such withdrawal was accepted by the federal district court in Tijuana. To date, AdR has not received a formal response from CEA or CESPT to its submission of non-recoverable expenses.

The Company believes CW-Cooperatief, as a Netherlands company, has certain rights relating to its investments in NSC and AdR under the Agreement on Promotion, Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the United Mexican States entered into force as of October 1, 1999 (the “Treaty”). On April 16, 2021, CW-Cooperatief submitted a letter to the President of Mexico and other Mexican federal government officials alleging that the State’s termination of the APP Contract constituted a breach by Mexico of its international obligations under the Treaty, entitling CW-Cooperatief to full reparation, including monetary damages. This letter invited Mexico to seek a resolution of this investment dispute through consultation and negotiation, but stated that if the dispute cannot be resolved in this manner, CW-Cooperatief would refer the dispute to the International Centre for the Settlement of International Disputes for arbitration, as provided for in the Treaty. On June 29, 2021, the Mexican Ministry of Economy responded to CW-Cooperatief’s letter and proposed to hold a consultation meeting. Two such meetings were held on July 9, 2021 and August 2, 2021 on a confidential basis, without a resolution of the Company’s investment dispute.

​On February 9, 2022, CW-Cooperatief, filed a Request for Arbitration with the International Centre for Settlement of International Disputes requesting that the United Mexican States pay CW-Cooperatief damages in excess of US$51 million plus MXN$137 million (with the exact amount to be quantified in the proceedings), plus fees, costs and pre- and post-award interest.

CW-Cooperatief intends to pursue vigorously the relief sought in the arbitration, in addition to pursuing all other legal remedies and courses of action available under the operative contracts and applicable law with respect to their rights, damages, fees and expenses. The Company cannot provide any assurances that CW-Cooperatief will be able to obtain the relief sought in the arbitration, and the Company has incurred and will continue to incur legal and other arbitration-related expenses that are material to its consolidated results of operations and cash flows.

During July 2022, the State initiated discussions with the Company to potentially resolve the issues related to the cancellation by the government of the Rosarito desalination plant contract as well as potentially addressing the State’s acute water shortage issues. The Company cannot presently determine the outcome of the discussions and the Company has not terminated its efforts to obtain relief through the international arbitration process as a result of these discussions.

The Company cannot provide any assurances that it will be able to obtain reimbursement for any expenses or investments made with respect to the Project.

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As a result of the cancellation of the APP Contract, in 2020 the Company discontinued all development activities associated with the Project and commenced active marketing efforts to sell the land NSC purchased for the Project. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of CW-Cooperatief, NSC and AdR, as well as the costs for legal and administrative activities to pursue reimbursement from the State of Baja California following the cancellation of the APP Contract, are classified as discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Summarized financial information for the discontinued Mexico project development operation is as follows:

		March 31,		December 31,
		2024		2023
Cash	$	396,525	$	91,283
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		145,732		120,234
Land		21,126,898		21,126,898
Other assets		—		2,390
Total assets of discontinued operations	$	21,669,155	$	21,340,805
Total liabilities of discontinued operations	$	453,081	$	364,665

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue	$	—	$	—
Loss from discontinued operations	$	467,066	$	259,163
Depreciation expense	$	—	$	—

Mexico Project litigation

a) EWG request of precautionary measures

In January 2018, EWG Water LLC (“EWG”) initiated an ordinary mercantile claim against, among others, N.S.C. Agua, S.A. de C.V. (“NSC”) and Consolidated Water Cooperatief, U.A. (“CW-Cooperatief”) (with Aguas de Rosarito S.A.P.I. de C.V. (“AdR”) being named as a third party to be called to trial) before the Tenth Civil Judge in Tijuana, Baja California for Mercantile Matters (the “Tenth Civil Judge”).

In such claim, EWG challenged, among other things, the transactions contemplated under a certain option agreement (entered into in 2012), and therefore, the capital investment transactions occurring in May 2013 that increased the ownership interest of CW-Cooperatief in NSC to 99.99%. On October 1, 2020, and following an order from a Federal Judge obtained by NSC, the Tenth Civil Judge resolved to (i) move the claim of EWG to arbitration, and (ii) suspend the corresponding ordinary mercantile procedure. Within the above-mentioned claim, the Tenth Civil Judge granted EWG certain preliminary measures against NSC, which were later overturned by an Upper Court.

In July 2023, EWG filed a motion before a local court in Playas de Rosarito, Baja California (the “Rosarito Court”) to obtain precautionary measures consisting of the securing of assets owned by NSC (particularly real estate), as a procedure prior to the commencement of an arbitration that allegedly would be initiated by EWG against NSC to claim the payment of an indemnification for damages derived from a so-called simulation of legal acts. In the opinion of the Rosarito Court, such motion did not require notification to NSC or the presentation of counterarguments by NSC to the motion prior to securing the assets of NSC.

On July 28, 2023, the Rosarito Court issued a resolution in which it: (i) granted the precautionary measures requested by EWG, subject to the posting of a bond in the amount of MXN$1,500,000 (One Million Five Hundred Thousand Mexican Pesos), and (ii) ordered that once the precautionary measures were executed, EWG would have three business days, counted from the posting of the bond, to initiate and prove to the Rosarito Court that it initiated the arbitration. To the Company’s knowledge EWG has not posted the bond. Consequently, NSC has not been summoned to an arbitration procedure.

17

As EWG has apparently not posted the bond set by the Rosarito Court (i) the precautionary measures have not been enforced; (ii) no securing or attachment has been registered against the real estate of NSC; and (iii) NSC has not been formally summoned to this procedure. As stated previously, NSC is unaware of any arbitration commenced by EWG regarding this matter.

b) NSC amparo lawsuit

On August 16, 2023, NSC filed an amparo suit (i.e. application for constitutional relief) before the Eleventh Federal District Court in Tijuana (“Federal District Court in Tijuana”) against the precautionary measures granted to EWG by the Rosarito Court.

In its amparo suit, NSC also requested the Federal District Court in Tijuana to grant an order to put on hold said precautionary measures. A preliminary order to stay was granted by the Federal District Court in Tijuana, followed by a definitive injunction, subject to the posting of a guarantee. NSC has submitted the guarantee to the court.

NSC subsequently filed an extension of the amparo suit introducing new arguments aiming to strengthen NSC´s position. The amparo extension was admitted through a resolution published on November 7, 2023.

The Federal District Court in Tijuana has not been able to summon EWG on this amparo suit, as it has not been able to determine or obtain an address for such summons. As such, the Federal District Court in Tijuana has requested various authorities to provide information on any domicile where EWG can be summoned.

The responses of some authorities are in process of being received by the Federal District Court in Tijuana. NSC is waiting until all the authorities provide their official response to determine if there is a viable alternative for summoning EWG.

NSC offered certain evidence consisting of the docket of amparo file number 74/2020, which was processed by the Twelfth Civil District Court in Tijuana. The Amparo Law provides that any documentary evidence offered by the parties shall be issued without any cost. Therefore, NSC requested the Court to grant the expedition of said copies for free.

However, this request was denied by the Federal District Court in Tijuana. Therefore, NSC filed an appeal for review against said decision, which was admitted by the Federal District Court in Tijuana and sent to the Second Collegiate Circuit Court in Tijuana, acting as Court of Appeals, which confirmed the admission of the appeal remedy through a resolution published on January 26, 2024. The judgment is still pending resolution.

The Company cannot presently determine what impact the resolution of this matter may have on its consolidated financial statements.

6. Leases

The Company’s leases consist primarily of leases for office and warehouse space. For leases with terms greater than twelve months, the related asset and obligation are recorded at the present value of the lease payments over the term. Many of these leases contain rental escalation clauses which are factored into the determination of the lease payments when appropriate. When available, the lease payments are discounted using the rate implicit in the lease; however, the Company’s current leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. Therefore, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate is estimated to discount the lease payments based on information available at the lease commencement.

These leases contain both lease and non-lease components, which the Company has elected to treat as a single lease component. The Company elected not to recognize leases that have an original lease term, including reasonably certain renewal or purchase obligations, of twelve months or less in its condensed consolidated balance sheets for all classes of underlying assets. Lease costs for such short-term leases are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

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All lease assets denominated in a foreign currency are measured using the exchange rate at the commencement of the lease. All lease liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are remeasured using the exchange rate as of the condensed consolidated balance sheet date.

Lease assets and liabilities

The following table presents the lease-related assets and liabilities and their respective classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
ASSETS
Current
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	27,786	$	110,541
Current assets of discontinued operations		—		—
Noncurrent
Operating lease right-of-use assets		2,052,610		2,135,446
Total lease right-of-use assets	$	2,080,396	$	2,245,987
LIABILITIES
Current
Current maturities of operating leases	$	381,423	$	456,865
Current liabilities of discontinued operations		—		—
Noncurrent
Noncurrent operating leases		1,735,851		1,827,302
Total lease liabilities	$	2,117,274	$	2,284,167
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases		6.1 years		6.1 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases		5.71%		5.67%

The components of lease costs were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Operating lease costs	$	205,872	$	170,378
Short-term lease costs		69,709		25,346
Lease costs - discontinued operations		12,120		10,786
Total lease costs	$	287,701	$	206,510

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities:
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$	198,504	$	180,890
Operating cash outflows for operating leases - discontinued operations		—		2,732

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Future lease payments relating to the Company’s operating lease liabilities from continuing operations as of March 31, 2024 were as follows:

Years ending December 31,	Total
2024	$	380,322
2025		462,990
2026		379,019
2027		336,597
2028		341,687
Thereafter		639,929
Total future lease payments		2,540,544
Less: imputed interest		(423,270)
Total lease obligations		2,117,274
Less: current obligations		(381,423)
Noncurrent lease obligations	$	1,735,851

7. Fair value

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, accrued compensation, dividends payable and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

Under US GAAP, fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. US GAAP guidance also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. The guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. The Company reviews its fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes in the observability of valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of levels for certain securities within the fair value hierarchy.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company does not have assets and liabilities measured at fair value to present in the fair value hierarchy.

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8. Contingencies

Cayman Water

The Company sells water through its Cayman Water retail operations under a license issued in July 1990 by the Cayman Islands government (the “1990 license”) that granted Cayman Water the exclusive right to provide potable water to customers within its licensed service area. Although the 1990 license has not been expressly extended after January 2018, the Company continues to supply water under the terms of the 1990 license, as further discussed in the following paragraph. Pursuant to the 1990 license, Cayman Water has the exclusive right to produce potable water and distribute it by pipeline to its licensed service area, which consists of two of the three most populated areas of Grand Cayman Island: Seven Mile Beach and West Bay. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company generated approximately 22% and 24%, respectively, of its consolidated revenue and 37% and 40%, respectively, of its consolidated gross profit from the retail water operations conducted under the 1990 license.

The 1990 license was originally scheduled to expire in July 2010 but was extended several times by the Cayman Islands government in order to provide the parties with additional time to negotiate the terms of a new license agreement. The most recent express extension of the 1990 license expired on January 31, 2018. The Company continues to operate under the terms of the 1990 license, providing water services to the level and quality specified in the 1990 license and in accordance with its understanding of its legal obligations, treating those obligations set forth in the 1990 license as operative notwithstanding the expiration of the express extension The Company continues to pay the royalty of 7.5% of the revenue that Cayman Water collects as required under the 1990 license.

In October 2016, the Government of the Cayman Islands passed legislation which created a new utilities regulation and competition office (“OfReg”). OfReg is an independent and accountable regulatory body with a view of protecting the rights of consumers, encouraging affordable utility services and promoting competition. OfReg, which began operations in January 2017, has the ability to supervise, monitor and regulate multiple utility undertakings and markets. Supplemental legislation was passed by the Government of the Cayman Islands in April 2017, which transferred responsibility for the economic regulation of the water utility sector and the negotiations with the Company for a new retail license from the WAC to OfReg in May 2017. The Company began license negotiations with OfReg in July 2017 and such negotiations are ongoing. The Company has been informed during its retail license negotiations, both by OfReg and its predecessor in these negotiations, that the Cayman Islands government seeks to restructure the terms of its license in a manner that could significantly reduce the operating income and cash flows the Company has historically generated from its retail license.

The Company is presently unable to determine what impact the resolution of its retail license negotiations will have on its consolidated financial condition or results of operations but such resolution could result in a material reduction (or the loss) of the operating income and cash flows the Company has historically generated from Cayman Water’s retail operations and could require the Company to record impairment losses to reduce the carrying values of its retail segment assets. Such impairment losses could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

CW-Bahamas

CW-Bahamas’ accounts receivable balances (which include accrued interest) due from the WSC amounted to $25.6 million and $26.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Approximately 79% and 80% of the accounts receivable balances were delinquent as of those dates, respectively.

From time to time (including presently), CW-Bahamas has experienced delays in collecting its accounts receivable from the WSC. When these delays occur, the Company holds discussions and meetings with representatives of the WSC and The Bahamas government, and as a result, payment schedules are developed for WSC’s delinquent accounts receivable. All previous delinquent accounts receivable from the WSC, including accrued interest thereon, were eventually paid in full. Based upon this payment history, CW-Bahamas has not provided a material allowance for credit losses for its accounts receivable from the WSC as of March 31, 2024.

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CW-Bahamas held discussions with the WSC in March 2024 and with representatives of The Bahamas Government in April 2024 during which CW-Bahamas was informed that the Government intends to substantially reduce CW-Bahamas’ accounts receivable from the WSC over the course of 2024.

In a report dated October 6, 2022, Moody’s Investor Services (“Moody’s”) downgraded The Bahamas’ long-term issuer and senior unsecured ratings to B1 from Ba3. Moody’s also lowered The Bahamas’ local currency ceiling to Baa3 from Baa2 and its foreign currency ceiling to Ba1 from Baa3. Moody’s iterated these ratings in April and October 2023 and April 2024, noting that such ratings are “stable.”

If CW-Bahamas is unable to collect a sufficient portion of its delinquent accounts receivable, one or more of the following events may occur: (i) CW-Bahamas may not have sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations; (ii) the Company may be required to cease the recognition of revenue on CW-Bahamas’ water supply agreements with the WSC; and (iii) the Company may be required to provide an additional allowance for credit losses for CW-Bahamas’ accounts receivable. Any of these events could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

9. Impact of recent accounting standards

Adoption of new accounting standards:

None.

Effect of newly issued but not yet effective accounting standards:

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU updates reportable segment disclosure requirements by requiring disclosures of significant reportable segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of a segment’s profit or loss. This ASU also requires disclosure of the title and position of the individual identified as the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance.

10. Subsequent events

The Company evaluated subsequent events through the time of the filing of this report on Form 10-Q. The Company is not aware of any significant events that occurred subsequent to the balance sheet date but prior to the filing of this report that would have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including but not limited to, statements regarding our future revenue, future plans, objectives, expectations and events, assumptions and estimates. Forward-looking statements can be identified by use of the words or phrases “will,” “will likely result,” “are expected to,” “will continue,” “estimate,” “project,” “potential,” “believe,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” or similar expressions and variations of such words. Statements that are not historical facts are based on our current expectations, beliefs, assumptions, estimates, forecasts and projections for our business and the industry and markets related to our business.

The forward-looking statements contained in this report are not guarantees of future performance and involve assumptions and certain risks and uncertainties which are difficult to predict. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed in such forward-looking statements. Important factors which may affect these actual outcomes and results include, without limitation:

● tourism and weather conditions in the areas we serve;

● the economic, political and social conditions of each country in which we conduct or plan to conduct business;

● our relationships with the government entities and other customers we serve;

● regulatory matters, including resolution of the negotiations for the renewal of our retail license on Grand Cayman;

● our ability to successfully enter new markets; and

● other factors, including those “Risk Factors” set forth under Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report and in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report speak as of its date. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking statement contained in this Quarterly Report to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any forward-looking statement is based, except as may be required by law.

References herein to “we,” “our,” “ours” and “us” refer to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. and its subsidiaries.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our critical accounting policies relate to (i) the valuations of our goodwill, intangible assets and long-lived assets; and (ii) revenue recognition on our construction and manufacturing contracts.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Our actual results could differ significantly from such estimates and assumptions.

The application of our critical accounting policies involves estimates or assumptions that constitute “critical accounting estimates” for us because:

● the nature of these estimates or assumptions is material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change; and

● the impact of the estimates and assumptions on financial condition and results of operations is material.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess cost of an acquired business over the fair value of the assets and liabilities of the acquired business as of the date of acquisition. Goodwill and intangible assets recorded as a result of a business combination and

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determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually or upon the identification of a triggering event. Intangible assets with estimable useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values and reviewed periodically for impairment. We evaluate the possible impairment of goodwill annually as part of our reporting process for the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. Management identifies our reporting units for goodwill impairment testing purposes, which consist of Cayman Water, the bulk segment (which is comprised of CW-Bahamas and OC-Cayman), PERC, REC, and the manufacturing segment (i.e., Aerex), and determines the carrying value of each reporting unit by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and intangible assets, to those reporting units. We determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare these fair values to the carrying amounts of the reporting units. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, an impairment loss is recorded.

For 2023, we elected to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it was necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment testing we have conducted in prior years for our reporting units. We assessed the relevant events and circumstances to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair values of such reporting units are less than their carrying values. The events and circumstances assessed for each reporting unit included macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, and other relevant events. Based upon this qualitative assessment, we determined that it is more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units exceeded their carrying values as of December 31, 2023.

In 2020, approximately 80% of Aerex’s revenue, and 89% of Aerex’s gross profit were generated from sales to one customer. While Aerex sells various products to this customer, Aerex’s revenue from this customer had historically been derived primarily from one specialized product. In October 2020, this customer informed Aerex that, for inventory management purposes, it was suspending its purchases of the specialized product from Aerex following 2020 for a period of approximately one year. This customer informed Aerex at that time that it expected to recommence its purchases of the specialized product from Aerex beginning with the first quarter of 2022. As a result of this anticipated loss of revenue for Aerex, we updated our projections for our manufacturing reporting unit’s future cash flows. Such projections assumed, in part, that Aerex’s major customer would recommence its purchases from Aerex in 2022 but at a reduced aggregate amount, as compared to 2020. Based upon these updated projections, we tested our manufacturing reporting unit’s goodwill for possible impairment as of December 31, 2020 using the discounted cash flow and guideline public company methods, with a weighting of 80% and 20% applied to these two methods, respectively. As a result of these impairment tests, we determined that the estimated fair value of our manufacturing reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 31% as of December 31, 2020.

In late July 2021, this former major customer communicated to Aerex that it expected to recommence its purchases of the specialized product from Aerex in 2022 and subsequent years, but informed Aerex that such purchases would be at substantially reduced annual amounts, as compared to the amounts it had purchased from Aerex in 2020 and prior years. Our updated sales estimate for this customer based on this new information was substantially below the sales we anticipated to this customer for 2022 and subsequent years that we used in the discounted cash flow projections we prepared for purposes of testing our manufacturing reporting unit’s goodwill for possible impairment as of December 31, 2020. Furthermore, Aerex’s efforts to replace the revenue previously generated from this customer with revenue from existing and new customers were adversely impacted by negative economic conditions (caused in part by the COVID-19 pandemic). These negative economic conditions also increased Aerex’s raw material costs, resulted in raw material shortages and extended delivery times for such materials, and adversely affected the overall financial condition of Aerex’s current and prospective customers. Accordingly, in light of this new information from Aerex’s former major customer, and the on-going weak economic conditions that we believed would continue through 2022, we updated our projections of future cash flows for the manufacturing reporting unit and tested its goodwill for possible impairment as of June 30, 2021 using the discounted cash flow and guideline public company methods, with a weighting of 80% and 20% applied to these two methods, respectively. Based upon this testing, we determined that the carrying value of our manufacturing reporting unit exceeded its fair value by $2.9 million, and we recorded an impairment loss to reduce our manufacturing segment’s goodwill by this amount for the three months ended June 30, 2021.

Long-lived Assets

We review the carrying amounts of our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment

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assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or a significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets is not recoverable. For long-lived assets to be held and used, we recognize an impairment loss only if its carrying amount is not recoverable through its undiscounted cash flows and measure the impairment loss based on the difference between the carrying amount and fair value.

On June 29, 2020, our Mexico subsidiary, AdR, received a letter from the State of Baja California (the “State”) terminating AdR’s contract with the State involving the construction and operation of a desalination plant in Rosarito California and accompanying aqueduct to deliver the water produced by this plant to the Mexican public water system. As a result of the cancellation of this contract, we recorded an impairment loss for rights of way acquired for the contract’s proposed aqueduct of approximately ($3.0 million) in 2020.

Construction and Manufacturing Contract Revenue Recognition

We design, construct, and sell desalination infrastructure through DesalCo, which serves customers in the Cayman Islands, The Bahamas, and the British Virgin Islands. We design, construct, and sell wastewater and water reuse infrastructure in the United States through PERC. Aerex, is a custom and specialty manufacturer in the United States of water treatment-related systems and products applicable to commercial, municipal and industrial water production.

We recognize revenue for our construction and our specialized/custom manufacturing contracts over time under the input method using costs incurred (which represents work performed) to date relative to the total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying a contract’s performance obligations, as such measure best reflects the transfer of control of the promised good to the customer. Contract costs include labor, materials, subcontractor costs and other expenses. We follow this method since we can make reasonably dependable estimates of the revenue and costs applicable to the various stages of a contract. Under this input method, we record revenue and recognize profit or loss as work on the contract progresses. We estimate total costs to be incurred and profit to be earned on each long-term, fixed price contract prior to commencement of work on the contract and update these estimates as work on the contract progresses. The cumulative amount of revenue recorded on a contract at a specified point in time is that percentage of total estimated revenue that incurred costs to date comprise of estimated total contract costs. Due to the extended time it may take to complete many of our contracts and the scope and nature of the work required to be performed on those contracts, the estimations of total revenue and costs at completion are complicated and subject to many variables and, accordingly, are subject to changes. When adjustments in estimated total contract revenue or estimated total contract costs are required, any changes from prior estimates are recognized in the current period for the inception-to-date effect of such changes. We recognize the full amount of any estimated loss on a contract at the time the estimates indicate such a loss.

The cost estimates we prepare in connection with our construction and manufacturing contracts are subject to inherent uncertainties. Because we base our contract prices on our estimation of future construction and manufacturing costs, the profitability of our construction and manufacturing contracts is highly dependent on our ability to estimate these costs accurately, as almost all of our construction and manufacturing contracts are fixed-price contracts. The cost of materials, labor and subcontractors could increase significantly after we sign a construction or manufacturing contract, which could cause the gross profit for a contract to decline from our previous estimates, adversely affecting our recognition of revenue and gross profit for the contract. Construction or manufacturing contract costs that significantly exceed our initial estimates could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included under Part I, Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report and our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (“2023 Form 10-K”) and the information set forth under Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2023 Form 10-K.

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Discontinued Operations – Mexico Project Development

In 2010, we began the pursuit, through our Netherlands subsidiary, Consolidated Water Cooperatief, U.A. (“CW-Cooperatief”), and our Mexico subsidiary, N.S.C. Agua, S.A. de C.V. (“NSC”), of a project (the “Project”) that encompassed the construction, operation and minority ownership of a 100 million gallons per day seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant to be located in northern Baja California, Mexico and accompanying pipelines to deliver water to the Mexican potable water system.

Through a series of transactions that began in 2012, NSC purchased 20.1 hectares of land for approximately $21.1 million on which the proposed Project’s plant was to be constructed.

Following an assessment by the State of Baja, California (the “State”) of the need for such a desalination plant and the passage of enabling legislation in November 2015, the State officially commenced the required public tender for the Project. A consortium (the “Consortium”) comprised of NSC, Suez Medio Ambiente México, S.A. de C.V. (“Suez MA”), a subsidiary of SUEZ International, S.A.S., and NuWater S.A.P.I. de C.V. (“NuWater”) submitted its tender for the Project in April 2016 and in June 2016, the State designated the Consortium as the winner of the tender process for the Project.

In August 2016, NSC and NuWater incorporated a new company under the name Aguas de Rosarito S.A.P.I. de C.V. (“AdR”) to pursue completion of the Project and executed a shareholders agreement for AdR agreeing among other things that (i) AdR would purchase the land and other Project assets from NSC on the date that the Project begins commercial operation and (ii) AdR would enter into a Management and Technical Services Agreement with NSC effective on the first day that the Project begins commercial operation. NSC initially owned 99.6% of the equity of AdR. In February 2018, we acquired the remaining 0.4% ownership in AdR from NuWater.

On August 22, 2016, the Public Private Partnership Agreement for the Project (the “APP Contract”) was executed between AdR, the State Water Commission of Baja California (“CEA”), the Government of Baja California as represented by the Secretary of Planning and Finance and the Public Utilities Commission of Tijuana (“CESPT”). The APP Contract required AdR to design, construct, finance and operate a seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant (and accompanying aqueduct) with a capacity of up to 100 million gallons per day in two phases: the first with a capacity of 50 million gallons per day and an aqueduct to the Mexican potable water system in Tijuana, Baja California and the second phase with a capacity of 50 million gallons per day. The first phase was to be operational within 36 months of commencing construction and the second phase was to be operational by July 2024. The APP Contract further required AdR to operate and maintain the plant and aqueduct for a period of 37 years starting from the commencement of operation of the first phase. At the end of the operating period, ownership of the plant and aqueduct would have been transferred to CEA. The APP Contract was subsequently amended by the parties in June 2018 to increase the scope of Phase 1 and to allow for changes in the water tariff due to the changes in the exchange rate for the peso, interest rates and construction costs that had and would occur from the date the APP Contract was signed to the date construction commenced.

On June 29, 2020, AdR received a letter (the “Letter”) from the Director General of CEA and the Director General of CESPT terminating the APP Contract. The Letter requested that AdR provide an inventory of the assets that comprised the “Project Works” (as defined in the APP Contract) for the purpose of acknowledging and paying the non-recoverable expenses made by AdR in connection with the Project, with such reimbursement to be calculated in accordance with the terms of the APP Contract. The applicable law required that this list of non-recoverable expenses made by AdR in connection with the Project be submitted to CEA and CESPT within 20 business days from the date of receipt of the Letter. AdR initiated an amparo claim before a federal district court in Tijuana, Baja California, to challenge the provision of the applicable law requiring submittal of the list of non-recoverable expenses within the 20 business days term, as AdR considered such term to be unreasonably short due to the magnitude of the Project and the scope of supporting documentation required to be provided with respect to the non-recoverable expenses. AdR obtained an initial provisional suspension of the lapsing of such 20-day term from the court, and on August 10, 2020 the court made such suspension definitive until the completion of the amparo trial. As such, the 20-day term for filing the list of non-recoverable expenses was suspended. Therefore, on August 28, 2020, AdR submitted their list of non-recoverable expenses, including those of NSC, to CEA and CESPT which was comprised of 51,144,525 United States dollars and an additional 137,333,114 Mexican pesos. In February 2021, AdR withdrew this amparo claim, and such withdrawal was accepted by the federal

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district court in Tijuana. To date, AdR has not received a formal response from CEA or CESPT to its submission of non-recoverable expenses.

We believe CW-Cooperatief, as a Netherlands company, has certain rights relating to its investments in NSC and AdR under the Agreement on Promotion, Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the United Mexican States entered into force as of October 1, 1999 (the “Treaty”). On April 16, 2021, CW-Cooperatief submitted a letter to the President of Mexico and other Mexican federal government officials alleging that the State’s termination of the APP Contract constituted a breach by Mexico of its international obligations under the Treaty, entitling CW-Cooperatief to full reparation, including monetary damages. This letter invited Mexico to seek a resolution of this investment dispute through consultation and negotiation, but stated that if the dispute could not be resolved in this manner, CW-Cooperatief would refer the dispute to the International Centre for the Settlement of International Disputes for arbitration, as provided for in the Treaty. On June 29, 2021, the Mexican Ministry of Economy responded to CW-Cooperatief’s letter and proposed to hold a consultation meeting. Two such meetings were held on July 9, 2021 and August 2, 2021 on a confidential basis, without a resolution of our investment dispute.

​On February 9, 2022, CW-Cooperatief, filed a Request for Arbitration with the International Centre for Settlement of International Disputes requesting that the United Mexican States pay CW-Cooperatief damages in excess of US$51 million plus MXN$137 million (with the exact amount to be quantified in the proceedings), plus fees, costs and pre- and post-award interest.

CW-Cooperatief intends to pursue vigorously the relief sought in the arbitration, in addition to pursuing all other legal remedies and courses of action available under the operative contracts and applicable law with respect to its rights, damages, fees and expenses. We cannot provide any assurances that CW Cooperatief will be able to obtain the relief sought in the arbitration, and we have incurred and will continue to incur legal and other arbitration-related expenses that are material to our consolidated results of operations and cash flows.

During July 2022, the State initiated discussions with us to potentially resolve the issues related to the cancellation by the government of the Rosarito desalination plant contract as well as potentially addressing the State’s acute water shortage issues. We cannot presently determine the outcome of the discussions and we have not terminated our efforts to obtain relief through the international arbitration process as a result of these discussions.

We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to obtain reimbursement for any expenses or investments made with respect to the Project.

As a result of the cancellation of the APP Contract, in 2020 we discontinued all development activities associated with the Project and commenced active marketing efforts to sell the land NSC purchased for the Project. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of CW-Cooperatief, NSC and AdR, as well as the costs for our legal and administrative activities to pursue reimbursement from the State of Baja California following the cancellation of the APP Contract, are classified as discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. Our net losses from discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were ($467,066) and ($259,163), respectively.

Consolidated Results

Including discontinued operations, net income attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. stockholders for 2024 was $6,474,348 ($0.40 per share on a fully diluted basis), as compared to net income of $3,813,626 ($0.24 per share on a fully diluted basis) for 2023.

The following discussion and analysis of our consolidated results of operations and results of operations by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 relates only to our continuing operations.

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Net income from continuing operations attributable to Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. stockholders for 2024 was $6,941,414 ($0.43 per share on a fully diluted basis), as compared to a net income from continuing operations of $4,072,789 ($0.26 per share on a fully diluted basis) for 2023.

Revenue for 2024 increased to $39,689,390 from $32,868,990 in 2023, reflecting revenue increases in all segments except for the bulk segment which had a slight decrease. Gross profit for 2024 was $13,878,023 (35% of total revenue) as compared to $10,559,082 (32% of total revenue) for 2023. For further discussion of revenue and gross profit see the “Results by Segment” discussion and analysis that follows.

General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses on a consolidated basis increased to $6,564,029 for 2024 as compared to $6,036,662 for 2023. The increase in G&A expenses for 2024 relates primarily to additional G&A expenses of approximately $388,000 attributable to REC, which was acquired in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Other income (expense), net, increased to $418,184 for 2024 as compared to an expense of $157,059 for 2023 primarily due to interest income which increased by approximately $132,500 in 2024 primarily due to the increase in CW-Bahamas delinquent accounts receivable balances, on which we earn interest income. The balance of the increase is due to higher earning on interest earning assets.

Results by Segment

Retail Segment:

The retail segment contributed $969,262 and $35,907 to our income from operations for 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Revenue generated by our retail water operations increased to $8,624,938 in 2024 from $7,771,095 in 2023 due to an overall 6% increase in the volume of water sold. The volume of water sold to end consumers within our retail service area increased by 10%, but was partially offset by reduced volume sales to the WAC. We believe the increase in the volume of water sold in 2024 resulted in part from a 2.8% increase in the number of customer accounts in our license area from 2023 to 2024. In addition, significantly less rainfall on Grand Cayman in 2024 as compared to 2023 was also a likely contributor to the increase in water sold from 2023 to 2024.

Retail segment gross profit increased to $5,073,594 (59% of retail revenue) for 2024 from $4,220,301 (54% of retail revenue) for 2023 due to the revenue increase. Retail segment gross profit as a percentage of revenue increased in 2024 as compared to 2023 due to; (i) the overall increase in water volume sold and (ii) the higher average rate we charged for water in 2024 due to significantly lower sales to the WAC which pays a lower rate for water compared to customers within our retail service area.

Consistent with prior periods, we record all non-direct G&A expenses in our retail segment and do not allocate any of these non-direct costs to our other three business segments. Retail G&A expenses remained relatively consistent at $4,104,332 for 2024 as compared to $4,177,107 for 2023.

Bulk Segment:

The bulk segment contributed $2,432,695 and $2,419,522 to our income from operations for 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Bulk segment revenue was $8,342,094 and $9,004,373 for 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease in bulk revenue from 2023 to 2024 reflects a 2% decrease in the volume of water sold and a decrease in the price of energy for CW-Bahamas, which decreased the energy pass-through component of CW-Bahamas’ rates.

Gross profit for our bulk segment was $2,776,836 (33% of bulk revenue) and $2,761,227 (31% of bulk revenue) for 2024 and 2023, respectively. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue increased in 2024 as compared to 2023 due to a reduction in the price of energy and reductions in various operating expenses, most notably chemicals.

Bulk segment G&A expenses remained relatively consistent at $344,141 for 2024 as compared to $352,975 for 2023.

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Services Segment:

The services segment contributed $3,150,818 and $1,588,951 to our income from operations for 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Services segment revenue increased to $17,417,611 for 2024 from $12,721,701 for 2023. Construction revenue was $9,203,662 in 2024 as compared to $8,693,516 in 2023. We recognized approximately $4.9 million and $6.4 million in construction revenue for the Liberty Utilities contract in 2024 and 2023, respectively. This contract is substantially completed and we expect final completion of this contract by the end of the second quarter of 2024. Revenue generated under operations and maintenance contracts increased to $7,099,354 in 2024 from $3,685,805 in 2023. The acquisition of REC effective October 2023 constituted $1,818,039 of this operations and maintenance contracts revenue increase and the remainder of the increase related to new PERC contracts.

Gross profit for the services segment increased to $4,748,672 (27% of services revenue) in 2024 from $2,677,623 (21% of services revenue) in 2023 due to the increased revenue. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of revenue from 2023 to 2024 reflects improved margins on both our construction and operations and maintenance activities.

G&A expenses for the services segment increased to $1,597,854 for 2024 as compared to $1,088,672 for 2023 primarily due to the addition of G&A expenses of aproximately $388,000 for REC, which was acquired in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Manufacturing Segment:

The manufacturing segment contributed $761,219 and $483,956 to our income from operations in 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Manufacturing revenue was $5,304,747 and $3,371,821 for 2024 and 2023, respectively. The growth in manufacturing revenue for 2024 reflects increased production activity.

Manufacturing gross profit was $1,278,921 (24% of manufacturing revenue) for 2024 as compared to a gross profit of $899,931 (27% of manufacturing revenue) for 2023. The increase in manufacturing gross profit in dollars reflects the increase in revenue. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue decreased due to a lower margin product mix.

G&A expenses for the manufacturing segment remained relatively consistent at $517,702 for 2024 as compared to $417,908 for 2023.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

The significant changes in the components of our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024 as compared to December 31, 2023 (other than the change in our cash and cash equivalents, which is discussed later in “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES”) and the reasons for these changes are discussed in the following paragraphs.

Accounts receivable increased by approximately $3.5 million primarily due to a $2.3 million increase in the services segment and a $2.2 million increase in Aerex accounts receivables offset by a $1.3 million decrease in CW-Bahamas’ accounts receivable.

Current inventory decreased by approximately $1.9 million primarily due to a decrease in Aerex’s inventory due to the delivery of work orders that increased Aerex’s accounts receivable.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets decreased by approximately $1.3 million primarily due to a reduction of approximately $900,000 in prepaid insurance and a reduction of approximately $163,000 in prepaid taxes.

Contract assets increased by approximately $1.8 million primarily due to a $1.5 million increase in Aerex’s contract assets.

Property, plant and equipment, net, decreased by approximately $1.0 million due to the scheduled depreciation of fixed assets.

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Accrued compensation increased by approximately $1.2 million primarily due to accrued salaries and accrued staff and project bonuses for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Contract liabilities decreased by approximately $778,000 primarily due to a $724,000 decrease in billings made by the services segment in connection with Kalaeloa Desalco’s contract with the Board of Water Supply of the City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Certain transfers from our Bahamas bank accounts to our bank accounts in other countries require the approval of the Central Bank of The Bahamas.

The Cayman Islands does not have a tax treaty with the United States. Consequently, should we be required (or elect) to transfer any profits generated by our U.S. operations to our parent company in the Cayman Islands, the amount of any such funds transferred would be subject to a 30% withholding tax.

Liquidity Position

Our projected liquidity requirements for the balance of 2024 include capital expenditures for our existing operations of approximately $9.0 million, which includes approximately $2.8 million to be incurred for our new West Bay plant. We paid approximately $1.6 million for dividends in April 2024. Our liquidity requirements may also include future quarterly dividends, if such dividends are declared by our Board.

As of March 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $46.2 million and working capital of $95.0 million.

With the exception of the liquidity matter relating to CW-Bahamas that is discussed in the paragraphs that follow, we are not presently aware of anything that would lead us to believe that we will not have sufficient liquidity to meet our needs.

CW-Bahamas Liquidity

CW-Bahamas’ accounts receivable balances (which include accrued interest) due from the WSC amounted to $25.6 million and $26.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Approximately 79% and 80% of the accounts receivable balances were delinquent as of those dates, respectively. The delay in collecting these accounts receivable has adversely impacted the liquidity of this subsidiary. CW-Bahamas has been unable to pay a dividend to its shareholders since August 2022 due to liquidity constraints.

From time to time (including presently), CW-Bahamas has experienced delays in collecting its accounts receivable from the WSC. When these delays occur, we hold discussions and meetings with representatives of the WSC and The Bahamas government, and as a result, payment schedules are developed for WSC’s delinquent accounts receivable. All previous delinquent accounts receivable from the WSC, including accrued interest thereon, were eventually paid in full. Based upon this payment history, we have not provided for a material allowance for credit losses for CW-Bahamas’ accounts receivable from the WSC as of March 31, 2024.

CW-Bahamas held discussions with the WSC in March 2024 and with representatives of The Bahamas Government in April 2024 during which CW-Bahamas was informed that the Government intends to substantially reduce CW-Bahamas’ accounts receivable from the WSC over the course of 2024.

In a report dated October 6, 2022, Moody’s Investor Services (“Moody’s”) downgraded The Bahamas’ long-term issuer and senior unsecured ratings to B1 from Ba3. Moody’s also lowered The Bahamas’ local currency ceiling to Baa3 from Baa2 and its foreign currency ceiling to Ba1 from Baa3. Moody’s iterated these ratings in April and October 2023 and April 2024, noting that such ratings are “stable.” Based upon our review of this Moody’s correspondence, we continue to believe that no material allowance for credit losses is required for CW-Bahamas’ accounts receivable from the WSC.

If CW-Bahamas is unable to collect a sufficient portion of its delinquent accounts receivable, one or more of the following events may occur: (i) CW-Bahamas may not have sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations; (ii) we may be required to

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cease the recognition of revenue on CW-Bahamas’ water supply agreements with the WSC; and (iii) we may be required to provide a material allowance for credit losses for CW-Bahamas’ accounts receivable. Any of these events could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Discussion of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024

Our cash and cash equivalents increased to $46,177,641 as of March 31, 2024 from $42,621,898 as of December 31, 2023.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by our operating activities was $5,950,002. This net cash reflects the net income generated for the three months ended March 31, 2024 of $6,643,416 as adjusted for (i) various items included in the determination of net income that do not affect cash flows during the year; and (ii) changes in the other components of working capital. The more significant of such items and changes in working capital components included depreciation and amortization of $1,674,699, an increase in accounts receivable of $3,715,214, an increase in contract assets of $1,787,438, an increase in accrued compensation of $1,177,819, offset by decreases in inventory of $1,746,438 and prepaid expenses and other assets of $1,275,345.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used by our investing activities was $531,452 for additions to property, plant and equipment and construction in progress.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash used by our financing activities was $1,557,565, almost all of which related to the payment of dividends.

Revolving Credit Facility

In September 2022, Cayman Water entered into an agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Scotiabank & Trust (Cayman) Ltd. (the “Bank”) for a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $10.0 million (the “Credit Facility”). We expect to utilize the funds obtained from the Credit Facility for general working capital purposes.

The Credit Facility matures two years following the date of the initial advance (the “Maturity Date”). All amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility are due and payable upon the earlier of the Maturity Date, demand from the bank or the acceleration of the Credit Facility upon an event of default.

The principal balance of the Credit Facility bears interest at a rate of 2.0% plus the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) as determined by the SOFR Administrator for a one-month period on the day that is two days prior to the first day of the interest period. All interest calculations will be made based on a 360-day year. So long as the Bank has not demanded repayment, interest will be payable monthly, commencing one month from the initial advance, with the outstanding balance due on the Maturity Date, unless the Bank agrees to renew the Credit Facility for an additional period.

Cayman Water’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a first priority lien on all its fixed and floating assets and an assignment of insurance proceeds with respect to its fixed assets. Further, the Company has guaranteed the repayment of all of Cayman Water’s present and future debts and liabilities owed to the Bank.

The Credit Agreement requires Cayman Water to meet certain financial covenants.

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Cayman Water has not yet utilized any of its available borrowings under the Credit Facility.

Material Commitments, Expenditures and Contingencies

Cayman Water Retail License

We sell water through our retail operations under a license issued in July 1990 by the Cayman Islands government (the “1990 license”) that granted Cayman Water the exclusive right to provide potable water to customers within its licensed service area. Although the 1990 license has not been expressly extended after January 2018, we continue to supply water under the terms of the 1990 license, as discussed in the following paragraphs. Pursuant to the 1990 license, Cayman Water has the exclusive right to produce potable water and distribute it by pipeline to its licensed service area, which consists of two of the three most populated areas of Grand Cayman Island: Seven Mile Beach and West Bay. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we generated approximately 22% and 24%, respectively, of our consolidated revenue and 37% and 40%, respectively, of our consolidated gross profit from the retail water operations conducted under the 1990 license.

The 1990 license was originally scheduled to expire in July 2010 but was extended several times by the Cayman Islands government to provide the parties with additional time to negotiate the terms of a new license agreement. The most recent express extension of the license expired on January 31, 2018. We continue to operate under the terms of the 1990 license, providing water services to the level and quality specified in the 1990 license and in accordance with our understanding of its legal obligations, treating those obligations set forth in the 1990 license as operative notwithstanding the expiration of the express extension. We continue to pay a royalty of 7.5% of the revenue we collect as required under the 1990 license.

In October 2016, the Government of the Cayman Islands passed legislation which created a new utilities regulation and competition office (“OfReg”). OfReg is an independent and accountable regulatory body with a view of protecting the rights of consumers, encouraging affordable utility services and promoting competition. OfReg, which began operations in January 2017, has the ability to supervise, monitor and regulate multiple utility undertakings and markets. Supplemental legislation was passed by the Government of the Cayman Islands in April 2017, which transferred responsibility for economic regulation of the water utility sector and the retail license negotiations from the WAC to OfReg in May 2017. We began license negotiations with OfReg in July 2017 and such negotiations are continuing. We have been informed during our retail license negotiations, both by OfReg and its predecessor in these negotiations, that the Cayman Islands government seeks to restructure the terms of our license in a manner that could significantly reduce the operating income and cash flows we have historically generated from our retail license.

The Cayman Islands government could seek to grant a third party a license to service some or all of Cayman Water’s present service area. However, as set forth in the 1990 license, “the Governor hereby agrees that upon the expiry of the term of this Licence or any extension thereof, he will not grant a licence or franchise to any other person or company for the processing, distribution, sale and supply of water within the Licence Area without having first offered such a licence or franchise to the Company on terms no less favourable than the terms offered to such other person or company.”

We are presently unable to determine what impact the resolution of our retail license negotiations will have on our cash flows, financial condition or results of operations but such resolution could result in a material reduction (or the loss) of the operating income and cash flows we have historically generated from our retail operations and could require us to record impairment losses to reduce the carrying value of our retail segment assets. Such impairment losses could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

CW-Bahamas Performance Guarantees

Our contracts to supply water to the WSC from our Blue Hills and Windsor plants require us to guarantee delivery of a minimum quantity of water per week. If the WSC requires the water and we do not meet this minimum, we are required to pay the WSC for the difference between the minimum and actual gallons delivered at a per gallon rate equal to the price per gallon that WSC is currently paying us under the contract. The Blue Hills contract expires in 2032 and requires us to deliver 63.0 million gallons of water each week. The Windsor contract expires in 2033 and requires us to deliver 16.8 million gallons of water each week.

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Adoption of New Accounting Standards

None.

Effect of Newly Issued but not yet Effective Accounting Standards

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU updates reportable segment disclosure requirements by requiring disclosures of significant reportable segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of a segment’s profit or loss. This ASU also requires disclosure of the title and position of the individual identified as the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance.

Dividends

● On January 31, 2024, we paid a dividend of $0.095 to shareholders of record on January 2, 2024.

● On April 30, 2024, we paid a dividend of $0.095 to shareholders of record on April 1, 2024.

We have paid dividends to owners of our common stock and redeemable preferred stock since we began declaring dividends in 1985. Our payment of any future cash dividends will depend upon our earnings, financial condition, cash flows, capital requirements and other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant in determining the amount and timing of such dividends.

Dividend Reinvestment and Common Stock Purchase Plan

This plan is available to our shareholders, who may reinvest all or a portion of their common stock dividends into shares of common stock at prevailing market prices and may also invest optional cash payments to purchase additional shares at prevailing market prices as part of this plan.

Impact of Inflation

Under the terms of our Cayman Islands license and our water sales agreements in The Bahamas and the British Virgin Islands, our water rates are automatically adjusted for inflation on an annual basis. Therefore, the impact of inflation on our gross profit, measured in consistent dollars, historically has not been material. However, we have not increased our retail water rates since January 2018 (despite the inflation that has occurred since that date) due to the lack of a resolution of our negotiations with OfReg for a new retail license. This lack of a rate increase over the long-term could adversely affect the profitability of our retail segment. Furthermore, our manufacturing segment has in the past been adversely impacted by significant increases in raw material costs and our services segment could suffer similar adverse impacts in the future. Should the current inflationary trend continue, our consolidated results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected. In general, our operating and maintenance contracts are adjusted annually for the impacts of inflation.

While PERC’s operations and maintenance contracts are generally adjusted for inflation on an annual basis, such adjustment for some of these contracts is limited to 3% annually.

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Kalaeloa Desalco, which is jointly owned by PERC and CW-Holdings, has signed a definitive agreement with the Honolulu Board of Water Supply to design, construct, operate and maintain a 1.7 million gallons per day seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant in Oahu, Hawaii. Approximately 80% of the $150 million price for the construction of this plant is subject to adjustment based upon changes in inflation indices from the date the contract was executed to the date construction begins.

Increases in fuel and energy costs and other items could create additional credit risks for us, as our customers’ ability to pay our invoices could be adversely affected by such increases.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There have been no material changes in our exposure to market risk from December 31, 2023 to the end of the period covered by this report.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management has evaluated, with the participation of its principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation of such internal control that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Mexico Project litigation

a) EWG request of precautionary measures

In January 2018, EWG Water LLC (“EWG”) initiated an ordinary mercantile claim against, among others, N.S.C. Agua, S.A. de C.V. (“NSC”) and Consolidated Water Cooperatief, U.A. (“CW-Cooperatief”) (with Aguas de Rosarito S.A.P.I. de C.V. (“AdR”) being named as a third party to be called to trial) before the Tenth Civil Judge in Tijuana, Baja California for Mercantile Matters (the “Tenth Civil Judge”).

In such claim, EWG challenged, among other things, the transactions contemplated under a certain option agreement (entered into in 2012), and therefore, the capital investment transactions occurring in May 2013 that increased the ownership interest of CW-Cooperatief in NSC to 99.99%. On October 1, 2020, and following an order from a Federal Judge obtained by NSC, the Tenth Civil Judge resolved to (i) move the claim of EWG to arbitration, and (ii) suspend the corresponding ordinary mercantile procedure. Within the above-mentioned claim, the Tenth Civil Judge granted EWG certain preliminary measures against NSC, which were later overturned by an Upper Court.

In July 2023, EWG filed a motion before a local court in Playas de Rosarito, Baja California (the “Rosarito Court”) to obtain precautionary measures consisting of the securing of assets owned by NSC (particularly real estate), as a procedure prior to the commencement of an arbitration that allegedly would be initiated by EWG against NSC to claim the payment of an indemnification for damages derived from a so-called simulation of legal acts. In the opinion of the Rosarito Court, such motion did not require notification to NSC or the presentation of counterarguments by NSC to the motion prior to securing the assets of NSC.

On July 28, 2023, the Rosarito Court issued a resolution in which it: (i) granted the precautionary measures requested by EWG, subject to the posting of a bond in the amount of MXN$1,500,000 (One Million Five Hundred Thousand Mexican Pesos), and (ii) ordered that once the precautionary measures were executed, EWG would have three business days, counted from the posting of the bond, to initiate and prove to the Rosarito Court that it initiated the arbitration. To the Company’s knowledge EWG has not posted the bond. Consequently, NSC has not been summoned to an arbitration procedure.

As EWG has apparently not posted the bond set by the Rosarito Court (i) the precautionary measures have not been enforced; (ii) no securing or attachment has been registered against the real estate of NSC; and (iii) NSC has not been formally summoned to this procedure. As stated previously, NSC is unaware of any arbitration commenced by EWG regarding this matter.

b) NSC amparo lawsuit

On August 16, 2023, NSC filed an amparo suit (i.e. application for constitutional relief) before the Eleventh Federal District Court in Tijuana (“Federal District Court in Tijuana”) against the precautionary measures granted to EWG by the Rosarito Court.

In its amparo suit, NSC also requested the Federal District Court in Tijuana to grant an order to put on hold said precautionary measures. A preliminary order to stay was granted by the Federal District Court in Tijuana, followed by a definitive injunction, subject to the posting of a guarantee. NSC has submitted the guarantee to the court.

NSC subsequently filed an extension of the amparo suit introducing new arguments aiming to strengthen NSC´s position. The amparo extension was admitted through a resolution published on November 7, 2023.

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The Federal District Court in Tijuana has not been able to summon EWG on this amparo suit, as it has not been able to determine or obtain an address for such summons. As such, the Federal District Court in Tijuana has requested various authorities to provide information on any domicile where EWG can be summoned.

The responses of some authorities are in process of being received by the Federal District Court in Tijuana. NSC is waiting until all the authorities provide their official response to determine if there is a viable alternative for summoning EWG.

NSC offered certain evidence consisting of the docket of amparo file number 74/2020, which was processed by the Twelfth Civil District Court in Tijuana. The Amparo Law provides that any documentary evidence offered by the parties shall be issued without any cost. Therefore, NSC requested the Court to grant the expedition of said copies for free.

However, this request was denied by the Federal District Court in Tijuana. Therefore, NSC filed an appeal for review against said decision, which was admitted by the Federal District Court in Tijuana and sent to the Second Collegiate Circuit Court in Tijuana, acting as Court of Appeals, which confirmed the admission of the appeal remedy through a resolution published on January 26, 2024. The judgment is still pending resolution.

We cannot presently determine what impact the resolution of this matter may have on our consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our business faces significant risks. These risks include those disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 as supplemented by the additional risk factors included below. If any of the events or circumstances described in the referenced risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected and such events or circumstances could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report. These risks should be read in conjunction with the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report as well as in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and in our other periodic reports on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K.

Our exclusive license to provide water to retail customers in the Cayman Islands has not been expressly extended and we are presently unable to predict the outcome of our on-going negotiations relating to this license.

We sell water through our retail operations under a license issued in July 1990 by the Cayman Islands government (the “1990 license”) that granted Cayman Water the exclusive right to provide potable water to customers within its licensed service area. Although the 1990 license has not been expressly extended after January 2018, we continue to supply water under the terms of the 1990 license, as discussed in the following paragraphs. Pursuant to the 1990 license, Cayman Water has the exclusive right to produce potable water and distribute it by pipeline to its licensed service area, which consists of two of the three most populated areas of Grand Cayman Island: Seven Mile Beach and West Bay. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we generated approximately 22% and 24%, respectively, of our consolidated revenue and 37% and 40%, respectively, of our consolidated gross profit from the retail water operations conducted under the 1990 license.

The 1990 license was originally scheduled to expire in July 2010 but was extended several times by the Cayman Islands government in order to provide the parties with additional time to negotiate the terms of a new license agreement. The most recent express extension of the license expired on January 31, 2018. We continue to operate under the terms of the 1990 license, providing water services to the level and quality specified in the 1990 license and in accordance with our understanding of its legal obligations, treating those obligations set forth in the 1990 license as operative notwithstanding the expiration of the express extension. We continue to pay a royalty of 7.5% of the revenue we collect as required under the 1990 license.

In October 2016, the Government of the Cayman Islands passed legislation which created a new utilities regulation and competition office (“OfReg”). OfReg is an independent and accountable regulatory body with a view of protecting the rights of consumers, encouraging affordable utility services, and promoting competition. OfReg, which began operations in January 2017, has the ability to supervise, monitor and regulate multiple utility undertakings and markets. Supplemental

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legislation was passed by the Government of the Cayman Islands in April 2017, which transferred responsibility for economic regulation of the water utility sector and the negotiations with us for a new retail license from the WAC to OfReg in May 2017. We began license negotiations with OfReg in July 2017 and such negotiations are ongoing. We have been informed during our retail license negotiations, both by OfReg and its predecessor in these negotiations, that the Cayman Islands government seeks to restructure the terms of our license in a manner that could significantly reduce the operating income and cash flows we have historically generated from our retail license.

We are presently unable to determine what impact the resolution of our retail license negotiations will have on our cash flows, financial condition or results of operations but such resolution could result in a material reduction (or the loss) of the operating income and cash flows we have historically generated from our retail operations and could require us to record impairment losses to reduce the carrying values of our retail segment assets. Such impairment losses could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Periodically, our Bahamas subsidiary experiences substantial delays in the collection of its accounts receivable. As a result, our Bahamas subsidiary could have insufficient liquidity to continue operations, and our consolidated results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

CW-Bahamas’ accounts receivable balances (which include accrued interest) due from the WSC amounted to $25.6 million as of March 31, 2024. Approximately 79% of this March 31, 2024 accounts receivable balance was delinquent as of that date. The delay in collecting these accounts receivable has adversely impacted the liquidity of this subsidiary.

From time to time (including presently), CW-Bahamas has experienced delays in collecting its accounts receivable from the WSC. When these delays occur, we hold discussions and meetings with representatives of the WSC and The Bahamas government, and as a result, payment schedules are developed for WSC’s delinquent accounts receivable. All previous delinquent accounts receivable from the WSC, including accrued interest thereon, were eventually paid in full. Based upon this payment history, we have not provided for a material allowance for credit losses for CW-Bahamas’ accounts receivable from the WSC as of March 31, 2024.

In a report dated October 6, 2022, Moody’s Investor Services (“Moody’s”) downgraded The Bahamas’ long-term issuer and senior unsecured ratings to B1 from Ba3. Moody’s also lowered The Bahamas’ local currency ceiling to Baa3 from Baa2 and its foreign currency ceiling to Ba1 from Baa3. Moody’s iterated these ratings in April and October 2023 and April 2024, noting that such ratings are “stable.”

If CW-Bahamas is unable to collect a significant portion of its delinquent accounts receivable, one or more of the following events may occur: (i) CW-Bahamas may not have sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations; (ii) we may be required to cease the recognition of revenue on CW-Bahamas’ water supply agreements with the WSC; and (iii) we may be required to provide a material allowance for credit losses for CW-Bahamas’ accounts receivable. Any of these events could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

The profitability of our contracts is dependent upon our ability to accurately estimate construction and operating costs.

The cost estimates we prepare in connection with the construction and operation of our water plants, the water infrastructure we construct and sell to third parties, and our manufacturing contracts, are subject to inherent uncertainties. Additionally, the terms of our water supply contracts may require us to guarantee the price of water on a per unit basis, subject to certain annual inflation and monthly energy cost adjustments, and to assume the risk that the costs associated with producing this water may be greater than anticipated. Because we base our contract prices in part on our estimation of future construction, manufacturing and operating costs, the profitability of our plants and our manufacturing and operations and maintenance contracts is dependent on our ability to estimate these costs accurately. The cost of materials and services and the cost of the delivery of such services may increase significantly after we submit our bid for contract, which could cause the gross profit for a contract to be less than we anticipated when the bid was made. The profit margins we initially expect to generate from an operations and maintenance contract could be further reduced if future operating costs for that contract exceed our estimates of such costs. Any construction, manufacturing, and operating costs for our

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contracts that significantly exceed our initial estimates could have a material adverse impact our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, no directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) of the Company adopted or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32.1	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
32.2	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

CONSOLIDATED WATER CO. LTD.
By:	/s/ Frederick W. McTaggart
	Frederick W. McTaggart
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
By:	/s/ David W. Sasnett
	David W. Sasnett
	Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
Date: May 15, 2024

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