485BPOS 1 d485bpos.htm MASSMUTUAL PREMIER FUNDS MassMutual Premier Funds
Table of Contents

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM N-1A

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT (NO. 33-82366)

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

Pre-Effective Amendment No.

 

Post-Effective Amendment No. 35

 

and

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940

Investment Company Act File No. 811-08690

 

Amendment No. 37

 


MASSMUTUAL PREMIER FUNDS

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Declaration of Trust)

 


1295 State Street

Springfield, MA 01111

(413) 788-8411

 

Name and Address of Agent for Service

Thomas M. Kinzler, Esq.

Vice President and Clerk

MassMutual Premier Funds

1295 State Street

Springfield, MA 01111

 

Copy to:

Timothy W. Diggins, Esq.

Ropes & Gray

One International Place

Boston, MA 02110

 

It is proposed that this filing become effective on December 1, 2005 pursuant to paragraph (b) of rule 485.

 

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.


Table of Contents

TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION:

 

Registrant submits this Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to its Registration Statement No. 33-82366 under the Securities Act of 1933 and this Amendment No. 37 to its Registration Statement No. 811-08690 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. This Post-Effective Amendment relates only to the MassMutual Premier Mid-Cap Value Fund and MassMutual Premier Focused International Fund. No other information relating to any other series of Registrant is amended or superceded hereby.

 

2


Table of Contents

MASSMUTUAL PREMIER FUNDS

 

This Prospectus describes the following Funds:

 

Mid/Small Cap Value

   Sub-Advised by:
MassMutual Premier Mid-Cap Value Fund    Babson Capital Management LLC

International

    
MassMutual Premier Focused International Fund    Baring International Investment Limited

 

 

 

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any statement to the contrary is a crime.

 

PROSPECTUS

December 1, 2005

 

–  1  –


Table of Contents
Table of Contents    Page

Summary Information

   3

About the Funds

    

MassMutual Premier Mid-Cap Value Fund

   4

MassMutual Premier Focused International Fund

   6

Summary of Principal Risks

   8

About the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers

    

Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company

   12

Babson Capital Management LLC

   12

Baring International Investment Limited

   12

About the Classes of Shares – Multiple Class Information

    

Class S Shares

   14

Class Y Shares

   14

Class L Shares

   15

Class A and Class N Shares

   15

Compensation to Intermediaries

   16

Investing in the Funds

    

Buying, Redeeming and Exchanging Shares

   17

Initial Sales Charges

   18

Contingent Deferred Sales Charges

   19

Waivers of Class A Initial Sales Charges

   20

Waivers of Class A and Class N Contingent Deferred Sales Charges

   20

Determining Net Asset Value

   21

How to Invest

   21

Taxation and Distributions

   21

Additional Investment Policies and Risk Considerations

   23

 

–  2  –


Table of Contents

Summary Information

 

MassMutual Premier Funds (the “Trust”) provides a broad range of investment choices across the risk/return spectrum. The summary pages that follow describe two of the Trust’s Fund’s:

 

· Investment objectives.

 

· Principal Investment Strategies and Risks. A “Summary of Principal Risks” of investing in the Funds begins on page 8.

 

· Fees and Expenses.

 

A description of the Trust’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of each Fund’s portfolio securities is available in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information.

 

Past Performance is not an indication of future performance.  There is no assurance that a Fund’s investment objective will be achieved, and you can lose money by investing in the Funds.

 

Important Notes about performance information for the Funds.

 

Performance information provided for the Funds is based on a composite of all portfolios managed by the Fund’s sub-adviser with investment objectives, policies and investment strategies substantially similar to those of the Funds and without material client-imposed restrictions, and is provided solely to illustrate the sub-adviser’s performance in managing such a portfolio. In such cases, the performance provided does not show the particular Fund’s performance. For the composites, some of these portfolios are mutual funds registered with the SEC and some are private accounts. The performance provided reflects the sub-adviser’s composite performance, adjusted for estimated expenses of each class of the relevant Fund. The investment returns assume the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions. The performance provided does not reflect fees that may be paid by investors for administrative services or group annuity contract charges. The composites of portfolios were not subject to all of the investment restrictions to which the Funds will be subject, including restrictions imposed by the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, each as amended. No assurance can be given that each Fund’s performance would not have been lower had it been in operation during the periods for which composite performance is provided. Each Fund’s performance may have differed due to factors such as differences in cash flows into and out of the Fund, differences in fees and expenses, and differences in portfolio size and investments. Prior performance of the sub-advisers is not indicative of future rates of return and is no indication of future performance of the Funds.

 

In all cases, investment returns assume the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions. Performance shown does not reflect fees that may be paid by investors for administrative services or group annuity contract charges.

 

Important Note about Fees and Expenses.

 

As an investor, you pay certain fees and expenses in connection with your investment. These fees and expenses will vary depending on the Fund in which you invest and the class of shares that you purchase. The fee tables shown on the following pages under “Expense Information” are meant to assist you in understanding these fees and expenses. Each fee table shows, in addition to any shareholder fees, a Fund’s “Net Fund Expenses.” These costs are deducted from a Fund’s assets, which means you pay them indirectly.

 

–  3  –


Table of Contents

MassMutual Premier Mid-Cap Value Fund

 

Investment Objective

 

 

The Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation primarily through investments in medium-sized companies.

 

Principal Investment Strategies and Risks

 

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its objective by outperforming the Russell Mid Cap Value Index, while taking a low risk approach to mid cap investing. Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in the securities of companies whose market capitalizations at the time of purchase by the Fund are within the range of capitalization of companies included in the Russell Mid Cap Value Index. The range of capitalization of companies included in the Russell Mid Cap Value Index will fluctuate as market prices increase or decrease. The strategy emphasizes bottom-up stock selection. The Funds’ Sub-Adviser, Babson Capital Management LLC (“Babson Capital”) seeks to construct a diversified portfolio of profitable companies with near to medium term opportunities for improvement that trade at reasonable valuations relative to their peers and preferably below their intrinsic value.

 

The Principal Risks of investing in the Fund are Market Risk, Credit Risk, Management Risk, Liquidity Risk, Derivative Risk, Foreign Investment Risk, Currency Risk, Smaller Company Risk, Value Company Risk, Leveraging Risk and Portfolio Turnover Risk.

 

These risks are described beginning on page 8.

 

Annual Performance

 

 

The Fund began operations December 1, 2005, and therefore has no performance history. There will be risks of investing in the Fund because the returns can be expected to vary from year to year.

 

Average Annual Total Returns

 

 

Because this Fund is new, there is no table which shows how the Fund’s returns have deviated from the broad market.

 

Expense Information

 

 

    Class S   Class Y   Class L   Class A     Class N  
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)                        

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) on purchases (as a % of offering price)

  None   None   None   5.75%     None  

Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a % of the lower of the original offering price or redemption proceeds)

  None   None   None   None (1)   1.00% (2)

 

(1)   A contingent deferred sales charge may apply to shares redeemed within 18 months of purchase from initial investments of $1 million or more.

 

(2)   Applies to shares redeemed within 18 months of purchase.

 

    Class S     Class Y     Class L     Class A     Class N  
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that are deducted from Fund assets) (% of average net assets)                              

Management Fees

  .80%     .80%     .80%     .80%     .80%  

Distribution and Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees

  None     None     None     .25%     .50%  

Other Expenses(1)

  1.19%     1.29%     1.44%     1.44%     1.59%  
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses   1.99%     2.09%     2.24%     2.49%     2.89%  
   

 

 

 

 

Expense Reimbursement(2)

  (1.06% )   (1.09% )   (1.09% )   (1.09% )   (1.19% )

Net Fund Expenses(3)

  .93%     1.00%     1.15%     1.40%     1.70%  

 

(1)   Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the first fiscal year of the Fund.

 

(2)   The expenses in the above table reflect a written agreement by MassMutual to cap the fees and expenses of the Fund (other than extraordinary litigation and legal expenses, or other non-recurring or unusual expenses) at these amounts through February 28, 2007. The agreement cannot be terminated unilaterally by MassMutual.

 

(3)   Employee benefit plans which invest in the Fund through MassMutual separate investment accounts may pay additional charges under their group annuity contract or services agreement. Investors who purchase shares directly from the Fund may also be subject to charges imposed in their administrative services or other agreement with MassMutual or MassMutual affiliate. None of these charges are deducted from Fund assets.

 

–  4  –


Table of Contents

Examples

 

These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The examples assume that you invest $10,000 in each share class of the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. For Class A shares, the examples include the initial sales charge. The examples also assume that your investment earns a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

     1 Year    3 Years

Class S

   $ 95    $ 496

Class Y

   $ 102    $ 523

Class L

   $ 117    $ 569

Class A

   $ 710    $ 1,184

Class N

   $ 276    $ 755

 

Except for Class N shares, the figures shown above would be the same whether you sold your shares at the end of a period or kept them. For Class N shares, you would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your shares:

 

     1 Year    3 Years

Class N

   $ 173    $ 755

 

Babson Capital Prior Performance for Similar Accounts*

 

 

The bar chart illustrates the variability of returns achieved by Babson Capital for accounts with investment objectives, policies and investment strategies similar to that of the Fund. The performance does not represent the historical performance of the MassMutual Premier Mid-Cap Value Fund and should not be interpreted as being indicative of the future performance of the Fund.

 

LOGO

 

During the periods shown above, the highest quarterly return was 17.08% for the quarter ended June 30, 2003 and the lowest was -9.91% for the quarter ended September 30, 2002.

 

Babson Capital Average Annual Total Returns for Similar Accounts*

 

(for the periods ended December 31, 2004)

 

The table compares Babson Capital’s investment results for accounts with investment objectives, policies and investment strategies similar to that of the Fund to an index measuring the broad market over different time periods.

 

     One
Year
  

Since
Inception

(1/2001)

Babson Composite

         

Class S*

   26.57%    17.20%

Class Y*

   26.50%    17.13%

Class L*

   26.35%    16.98%

Class A*

   18.85%    15.35%

Class N*

   24.80%    16.42%

Russell Mid Cap Value Index^

   23.71%    12.10%

 

* Performance shown is a composite of all portfolios managed by Babson Capital with substantially similar investment objectives, policies and investment strategies as those of the Fund and without material client-imposed restrictions, adjusted to reflect the fees and expenses of each of the Fund’s share classes, including sales loads. The investment returns assume the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions. The bar chart is based on Class S expenses. The portfolios are private accounts. The composite performance is provided solely to illustrate Babson Capital’s performance in managing such a portfolio and does not represent the historical performance of the Fund and should not be interpreted as being indicative of the future performance of the Fund. Performance shown does not reflect fees that may be paid by investors for administrative services or group annuity contract charges. The composite of portfolios was not subject to all of the investment restrictions to which the Fund will be subject, including restrictions imposed by the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, each as amended, and no assurance can be given that the Fund’s performance would not have been lower had it been in operation during the periods for which composite portfolio performance information is shown. The Fund’s performance may have differed due to factors such as differences in cash flows into and out of the Fund, differences in fees and expenses, and differences in portfolio size and investments. Prior performance of Babson Capital is not indicative of future performance of the Fund.

 

^ The Russell Mid Cap Value Index is a widely recognized, unmanaged index which measures the performance of those Russell Midcap companies with lower price-to-book ratios and lower forecasted growth values. The stocks are also members of the Russell 1000 Value Index. The Index does not incur expenses or reflect any deduction for taxes and cannot be purchased directly by investors.

 

–  5  –


Table of Contents

MassMutual Premier Focused International Fund

 

Investment Objective

 

 

The Fund seeks long term capital appreciation.

 

Principal Investment Strategies and Risks

 

 

The Fund will invest a minimum of 90% of its total assets in equity securities (including ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, exchange traded funds and preferred shares). The Fund will invest in a minimum of 30 issuers organized, headquartered or having a substantial portion of their assets in or deriving a substantial portion of their revenues from countries appearing in the Morgan Stanley Capital International Europe Australasia Far East Index (the “EAFE Index”). The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in options, warrants, convertible securities and fixed income securities.

 

The Fund will invest such that a country’s percentage weight or its currency weight within the Fund will not vary from its weight within the EAFE Index by more than the following percentage limitations:

 

· Europe ex UK – EAFE Index +/- 25% (i.e. if the EAFE Index weighting for this bloc is 40%, the Fund will invest no less than 15% and no more than 65% of its total assets in the countries within such bloc);

 

· United Kingdom; Japan – EAFE Index +/- 20%, respectively;

 

· Australia – EAFE Index +/- 15%; and

 

· Other Pacific Basin Countries – EAFE Index +/- 12%, respectively.

 

The Fund may also invest up to 10% of its total assets in the equity securities of a single issuer. The Fund may not maintain a cash position of more than 10% of its total assets, other than short-term cash positions resulting from subscriptions or redemptions made by Fund shareholders. The Fund may hedge no more than 10% of its assets into U.S. dollars other than in connection with subscriptions or redemptions made by Fund shareholders. Investments in U.S. dollar denominated securities of EAFE issuers will not be included in the calculation of the foregoing limitation.

 

A significant majority of the investments made by the Fund may be denominated in other than U.S. currency. The Fund’s Sub-Adviser, Baring International Investment Limited (“Baring”) defines currency risk to include absolute currency risk, which is the risk associated with holding investment assets in other than an investor’s base currency (in the case of the Fund, U.S. dollars) and relative currency risk which is the risk associated with deviation from the EAFE Index currency weightings. The Fund may employ hedging techniques, including cross hedging, to address one or both of these sources of risk. Baring may actively manage currencies to hedge toward the benchmark or seek to add value through currency exposures independent of stock and benchmark considerations. Baring will never initiate sales of currencies in forward markets that will in total be greater than 15% of the Fund’s value. Investors must be prepared to bear the full currency risk of their investment. Fluctuations in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and other currencies may have a significant impact on the returns realized by the Fund and its investors.

 

The Principal Risks of investing in the Fund are Market Risk, Credit Risk, Management Risk, Liquidity Risk, Derivative Risk, Foreign Investment Risk, Currency Risk, Smaller Company Risk, Growth Company Risk, Leveraging Risk and Portfolio Turnover Risk.

 

These risks are described beginning on page 8.

 

Annual Performance

 

 

The Fund began operations December 1, 2005, and therefore has no performance history. There will be risks of investing in the Fund because the returns can be expected to vary from year to year.

 

Average Annual Total Returns

 

 

Because this Fund is new, there is no table which shows how the Fund’s returns have deviated from the broad market.

 

Expense Information

 

 

    Class S   Class Y   Class L   Class A     Class N  
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)                        

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) on purchases (as a % of offering price)

  None   None   None   5.75%     None  

Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a % of the lower of the original offering price or redemption proceeds)

  None   None   None   None (1)   1.00% (2)

 

(1)   A contingent deferred sales charge may apply to shares redeemed within 18 months of purchase from initial investments of $1 million or more.

 

(2)   Applies to shares redeemed within 18 months of purchase.

 

–  6  –


Table of Contents
    Class S     Class Y     Class L     Class A     Class N  
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that are deducted from Fund assets) (% of average net assets)                              

Management Fees

  .90%     .90%     .90%     .90%     .90%  

Distribution and Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees

  None     None     None     .25%     .50%  

Other Expenses(1)

  2.20%     2.30%     2.45%     2.45%     2.60%  
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses   3.10%     3.20%     3.35%     3.60%     4.00%  
   

 

 

 

 

Expense Reimbursement(2)

  (1.95% )   (2.02% )   (2.02% )   (2.02% )   (2.12% )

Net Fund Expenses(3)

  1.15%     1.18%     1.33%     1.58%     1.88%  

 

(1)   Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the first fiscal year of the Fund.

 

(2)   The expenses in the above table reflect a written agreement by MassMutual to cap the fees and expenses of the Fund (other than extraordinary litigation and legal expenses, or other non-recurring or unusual expenses) at these amounts through February 28, 2007. The agreement cannot be terminated unilaterally by MassMutual.

 

(3)   Employee benefit plans which invest in the Fund through MassMutual separate investment accounts may pay additional charges under their group annuity contract or services agreement. Investors who purchase shares directly from the Fund may also be subject to charges imposed in their administrative services or other agreement with MassMutual or MassMutual affiliate. None of these charges are deducted from Fund assets.

 

Examples

 

These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The examples assume that you invest $10,000 in each share class of the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. For Class A shares, the examples include the initial sales charge. The examples also assume that your investment earns a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

     1 Year    3 Years

Class S

   $ 117    $ 727

Class Y

   $ 120    $ 749

Class L

   $ 136    $ 794

Class A

   $ 727    $ 1,394

Class N

   $ 294    $ 976

 

Except for Class N shares, the figures shown above would be the same whether you sold your shares at the end of a period or kept them. For Class N shares, you would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your shares:

 

     1 Year    3 Years

Class N

   $ 191    $ 976

 

Baring Prior Performance for Similar Accounts*

 

 

The bar chart illustrates the variability of returns achieved by Baring for accounts with investment objectives, policies and investment strategies similar to that of the Fund. The performance does not represent the historical performance of the MassMutual Premier Focused International Fund and should not be interpreted as being indicative of the future performance of the Fund.

 

LOGO

 

During the periods shown above, the highest quarterly return was 17.54% for the quarter ended June 30, 2003 and the lowest was -19.00% for the quarter ended March 31, 2001.

 

Baring Average Annual Total Returns for Similar Accounts*

 

(for the periods ended December 31, 2004)

 

The table compares Baring’s investment results for accounts with investment objectives, policies and investment strategies similar to that of the Fund to an index measuring the broad market over different time periods.

 

     One
Year
  

Since
Inception

(7/2000)

Baring Composite

           

Class S*

   24.50%    - 1.05%

Class Y*

   24.47%    - 1.08%

Class L*

   24.32%    - 1.23%

Class A*

   16.94%    - 2.82%

Class N*

   22.77%    - 1.78%

MSCI EAFE^

   20.25%      0.00%

 

* Performance shown is a composite of all portfolios managed by Baring with substantially similar investment objectives, policies and investment strategies as those of the Fund and without material client-imposed restrictions, adjusted to reflect the fees and expenses of each of the Fund’s share classes, including sales loads. The investment returns assume the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions. The bar chart is based on Class S expenses. The composite performance is provided solely to illustrate Baring’s performance in managing such a portfolio and does not represent the historical performance of the Fund and should not be interpreted as being indicative of the future performance of the Fund. Performance shown does not reflect fees that may be paid by investors for administrative services or group annuity contract charges. The composite of portfolios was not subject to all of the investment restrictions to which the Fund will be subject, including restrictions imposed by the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, each as amended, and no assurance can be given that the Fund’s performance would not have been lower had it been in operation during the periods for which composite portfolio performance information is shown. The Fund’s performance may have differed due to factors such as differences in cash flows into and out of the Fund, differences in fees and expenses, and differences in portfolio size and investments. Prior performance of Baring is not indicative of future performance of the Fund.

^ MSCI EAFE is a widely recognized, unmanaged index representative of foreign securities in the major non-U.S. markets of Europe, Australia and the Far East. The Index does not incur expenses or reflect any deduction for taxes and cannot be purchased directly by investors.

 

–  7  –


Table of Contents

Summary of Principal Risks

 

The value of your investment in a Fund changes with the values of the investments in a Fund’s portfolio. Many things can affect those values. Factors that may have an important or significant effect on a particular Fund’s portfolio as a whole are called “Principal Risks”. These Principal Risks are summarized in this section. Each Fund could be subject to additional risks. Although the Funds strive to reach their stated goals, they cannot offer guaranteed results. You have the potential to make money in these Funds, but you can also lose money.

 

·   Market Risk

 

Each Fund is subject to market risk, which is the general risk of unfavorable market-induced changes in the value of a security. Market risk arises since stock prices can fall for any number of factors, including general economic and market conditions, real or perceived changes in the prospects of the security’s issuer, changing interest rates and real or perceived economic and competitive industry conditions.

 

These Funds maintain substantial exposure to equities and do not attempt to time the market. Because of this exposure, the possibility that stock market prices in general will decline over short or even extended periods subjects these Funds to unpredictable declines in the value of their shares, as well as periods of poor performance. Market risk also includes specific risks affecting the companies whose shares are purchased by the Fund, such as management performance, financial leverage, industry problems and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods or services.

 

The Funds are also subject to market risk to the extent the Funds invest in debt securities. Debt securities are obligations of an issuer to pay principal and/or interest at a specified interest rate over a predetermined period. If interest rates rise close to or higher than the specified rate, those securities are likely to be worth less and the value of the Funds will likely fall. If interest rates fall, most securities held by Funds paying higher rates of interest will likely be worth more, and the Fund’s value will likely increase.

 

This kind of market risk, also called interest rate risk, is generally greater for debt securities with longer maturities and portfolios with longer durations. “Duration” is the average of the periods remaining for payments of principal and interest on a Fund’s debt securities, weighted by the dollar amount of each payment. Even the highest quality debt securities are subject to interest rate risk. Market risk is generally greater for lower-rated securities or comparable unrated securities.

 

· Credit Risk.  Each Fund is subject to credit risk. This is the risk that the issuer or the guarantor of a debt security, or the counterparty to a derivatives contract or securities loan, will be unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. There are varying degrees of credit risk, which are often reflected in credit ratings. Credit risk is particularly significant for a Fund to the extent it invests in below investment grade securities. These debt securities and similar unrated securities, which are commonly known as “junk bonds,” either have speculative elements or are predominantly speculative investments. Junk bonds may be subject to greater market fluctuations and greater risks of loss of income and principal than investment grade securities. The Funds may invest in foreign debt securities and, accordingly, are also subject to increased credit risk because of the difficulties of requiring foreign entities, including issuers of sovereign debt, to honor their contractual commitments, and because a number of foreign governments and other issuers are already in default.

 

· Management Risk.  Each Fund is subject to management risk because the Funds are actively managed investment portfolios. Management risk is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Fund to underperform other Funds

 

Terms appearing in bold type are discussed in greater detail under “Additional Investment Policies and Risk Considerations”. Those sections also include more information about the funds, their investments and the related risks.

 

–  8  –


Table of Contents
 

with similar investment objectives. Each Fund’s investment Sub-Adviser manages the Fund according to the traditional methods of active investment management, which involves the buying and selling of securities based upon economic, financial and market analysis and investment judgment. Each Fund’s investment Sub-Adviser applies its investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that they will produce the desired result.

 

· Prepayment Risk.  Prepayment risk is the risk that principal will be repaid at a different rate than anticipated, causing the return on mortgage-backed securities to be less than expected when purchased. The interest rate risk described above may be compounded for the Funds to the extent that they invest to a material extent in mortgage-related or other asset-backed securities that may be prepaid. These securities have variable maturities that tend to lengthen when interest rates are rising, which typically is the least desirable time for maturities to lengthen. The Funds are also subject to reinvestment risk, which is the chance that cash flows from securities (including securities that are prepaid) will be reinvested at lower rates if interest rates fall.

 

· Liquidity Risk.  Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to sell. A Fund may not be able to sell these illiquid securities at the best prices. Investments in derivatives, foreign securities and securities having small market capitalization, substantial market and/or credit risk, and unregistered or restricted securities tend to involve greater liquidity risk. Accordingly, the Funds may be subject to liquidity risk.

 

· Derivative Risk.  Each Fund may use derivatives, which are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, interest rate or index. The Funds may sometimes use derivatives as part of a strategy designed to reduce other risks and sometimes will use derivatives for leverage, which increases opportunities for gain but also involves greater risk. In addition to other risks such as the credit risk of the counterparty, derivatives involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with relevant assets, rates and indices. In addition, a Fund’s use of derivatives may affect the timing and amount of taxes payable by shareholders.

 

· Foreign Investment Risk.  Funds investing in foreign securities may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than Funds which invest solely in U.S. companies. This is because the securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. In addition, foreign companies are usually not subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. companies. Reporting, accounting and auditing standards of foreign countries differ, in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards. Also, nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political changes or diplomatic developments could adversely affect a Fund’s non-U.S. investments. In the event of nationalization, expropriation or other confiscation, a Fund could lose its entire investment. Economic downturns in certain regions, such as Southeast Asia, can also adversely affect other countries whose economies appear to be unrelated.

 

The Funds may also invest in foreign securities known as American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”). ADRs, GDRs and EDRs represent securities or a pool of securities of an underlying foreign or, in the case of GDRs and EDRs, U.S. or non-U.S. issuer. They are subject to many of the same risks as foreign securities. ADRs, GDRs and EDRs are more completely described in the Statement of Additional Information.

 

·

Currency Risk.  The Funds are subject to currency risk to the extent that they invest in securities of foreign companies that are traded in, and receive revenues in, foreign currencies. Currency risk is caused by uncertainty in foreign currency exchange rates. Fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies may enhance or diminish returns that a U.S. investor would receive on foreign investments. The Funds may, but will not necessarily, engage in foreign currency transactions in order to protect against fluctuations in the value of holdings denominated in or exposed to other currencies. Those currencies can decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, the U.S. dollar can decline in value relative to the

 

–  9  –


Table of Contents
 

currency hedged. A Fund’s investment in foreign currencies may increase the amount of ordinary income recognized by the Fund.

 

· Smaller Company Risk.  Market risk and liquidity risk are particularly pronounced for stocks of smaller companies. These companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources or they may depend on a few key employees.

 

· Growth Company Risk.  Market risk is also particularly pronounced for “growth” companies. The prices of growth company securities may fall to a greater extent than the overall equity markets (represented by the S&P 500 Index) due to changing economic, political or market factors. Growth company securities tend to be more volatile in terms of price swings and trading volume. Growth companies, especially technology related companies, have seen dramatic rises and falls in stock valuations. The Funds have the risk that the market may deem their stock prices over-valued, which could cause steep and/or volatile price swings. Also, since investors buy these stocks because of their expected superior earnings growth, earnings disappointments often result in sharp price declines.

 

· Value Company Risk.  The value approach carries the risk that the market will not recognize a security’s intrinsic value for a long time, or that a stock judged to be undervalued may actually be appropriately priced.

 

· Leveraging Risk.  When a Fund borrows money or otherwise leverages its portfolio, the value of an investment in that Fund will be more volatile and all other risks will tend to be compounded. Each Fund may take on leveraging risk by investing collateral from securities loans, by using derivatives and by borrowing money to repurchase shares or to meet redemption requests.

 

· Convertible Securities Risk.  Because convertible securities can be converted into equity securities, their value normally will vary in some proportion with those of the underlying equity securities. Due to the conversion feature, convertible securities generally yield less than non-convertible fixed income securities of similar credit quality and maturity. A Fund’s investment in convertible securities may at times include securities that have a mandatory conversion feature, pursuant to which the securities convert automatically into common stock at a specified date and conversion ratio, or that are convertible at the option of the issuer. When conversion is not at the option of the holder, the Fund may be required to convert the security into the underlying common stock even at times when the value of the underlying common stock has declined substantially or it would otherwise be disadvantageous to do so.

 

· Lower-Rated Fixed Income Securities Risk.  Lower-rated fixed income securities, which are also known as “junk bonds,” and comparable unrated securities in which the Funds may invest, have speculative characteristics. Changes in economic conditions or adverse developments affecting particular companies or industries are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to make principal and interest payments on such obligations than in the case of higher-rated securities.

 

Lower rated fixed income securities involve greater volatility of price and yield, and greater risk of loss of principal and interest, and generally reflect a greater possibility of an adverse change in financial condition which would affect the ability of the issuer to make payments of principal and interest. The market price for lower rated fixed income securities generally responds to short-term corporate and market developments to a greater extent than high-rated securities because these developments are perceived to have a more direct relationship to the ability of an issuer of lower rated fixed income securities to meet its ongoing obligations.

 

Since the Funds may invest in fixed income securities issued in connection with corporate restructurings by highly leveraged issuers or in fixed income securities that are not current in the payment of interest or principal (i.e., in default), the Funds may be subject to greater credit risk because of these investments. Securities that are rated CCC or below by Standard & Poor’s or Caa or below by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. are generally regarded by the rating agencies as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

 

·

Preferred Stock Risk.  Like other equity securities, preferred stock is subject to the risk that its value may decrease. Preferred stock may be more volatile and riskier than other forms of

 

–  10  –


Table of Contents
 

investment. If interest rates rise, the dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline. Preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund provisions or call/redemption provisions that can negatively affect its value when interest rates decline. In addition, in the event of liquidation of a corporation’s assets, the rights of preferred stock generally are subordinate to the rights associated with a corporation’s debt securities.

 

· Portfolio Turnover Risk.  Changes are made in a Fund’s portfolio whenever the Sub-Adviser believes such changes are desirable. Short-term transactions may result from liquidity needs, securities having reached a price objective, purchasing securities in anticipation of relatively short-term price gains, changes in the outlook for a particular company or by reason of economic or other developments not foreseen at the time of the investment decision. Portfolio turnover rates are generally not a factor in making buy and sell decisions. Consequently, a Fund’s portfolio turnover may be high. Increased portfolio turnover rates will result in higher costs from brokerage commissions, dealer-mark-ups and other transaction costs and may also result in higher capital gains taxes. Higher costs associated with increased portfolio turnover may offset gains in a Fund’s performance.

 

Principal Risks by Fund

 

The following chart summarizes the Principal Risks of each Fund. Each Fund may, however, still have risks not identified in this chart.

 

Risk      Mid-Cap
Value Fund
    

Focused

International Fund

Market Risk

     X      X

Credit Risk

     X      X

Management Risk

     X      X

Prepayment Risk

             

Liquidity Risk

     X      X

Derivative Risk

     X      X

Foreign Investment Risk

     X      X

Currency Risk

     X      X

Smaller Company Risk

     X      X

Growth Company Risk

            X

Value Company Risk

     X       

Leveraging Risk

     X      X

Convertible Securities Risk

             

Lower-Rated Fixed Income Securities Risk

             

Preferred Stock Risk

             

Portfolio Turnover Risk

     X      X

 

–  11  –


Table of Contents

About the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers

 

Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (“MassMutual”), located at 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111, is the Funds’ investment adviser and is responsible for providing all necessary investment management and administrative services. Founded in 1851, MassMutual is a mutual life insurance company that provides a broad range of insurance, money management, retirement and asset accumulation products and services for individuals and businesses. As of December 31, 2004, MassMutual, together with its subsidiaries, had assets under management in excess of $325 billion.

 

MassMutual contracts with the Sub-Advisers described below to help manage the Funds. The current investment management fee paid by each Fund to MassMutual is identified under “Expense Information” for each Fund.

 

Each Fund also pays MassMutual an administrative and shareholder service fee at an annual rate based on a percentage of daily net assets for the applicable class of shares.

 

Babson Capital Management LLC (“Babson Capital”), an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of MassMutual, with principal offices located at 1500 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01115 and at 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, manages the investments of the Mid-Cap Value Fund. Babson Capital has provided investment advice to individual and institutional investors for more than 60 years and had assets under management as of June 30, 2005 of more than $90 billion.

 

Steve Kylander                                                                                                                                                                                  

shares primary responsibility with Mr. James in the day-to-day management of the Mid-Cap Value Fund. Mr. Kylander, a Managing Director, has been employed by Babson Capital since 1999 and has over 17 years of industry experience. Prior to joining Babson Capital, Mr. Kylander spent time at The Yarmouth Group, LEK Consulting Group and The First Boston Corporation. Mr. Kylander and Mr. James are assisted in the day-to-day management of the Mid-Cap Value Fund by a team of investment professionals.

 

Lance F. James                                                                                                                                                                                  

shares primarily responsibility with Mr. Kylander in the day-to-day management of the Mid-Cap Value Fund. Mr. James, a Managing Director, has been employed by Babson Capital since 1986, has been a portfolio manager since 1991 and has over 24 years of investment experience.

 

Baring International Investment Limited (“BIIL”), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of MassMutual, located at 155 Bishopsgate, London EC2M-3XY, manages the investments of the Focused International Fund. BIIL is a direct subsidiary of Baring Asset Management Limited (together with its subsidiaries and Baring Asset Management, Inc., the “BAM Group”). As of June 30, 2005 the BAM Group managed US$34.5 billion on behalf of clients located around the world.

 

Portfolio construction for the Focused International Fund is the responsibility of the Global Equity Group – a team of seven senior investors who represent the diverse skills required to construct EAFE portfolios. One of these seven team members holds primary responsibility for this Fund:

 

Christopher J.D. Lees, CFA                                                                                                                                                       

has been a member of the Global Equity Group since its inception in 2002 and was made the Head of the Global Sector Teams in 2002. He is an Investment Manager responsible for EAFE and Global portfolios. From 1994 until 2002 Chris was located in Boston as a member of the US Equity Team. During his tenure in North America he was lead manager for the Baring American Growth Trust and the Baring North America Fund and was also the Head of the Consumer Discretionary Global Sector Team. Chris joined Baring Asset Management in 1990 as a graduate trainee, working just with the Fixed Income Team, the UK Equity Team, and then the UK Asset Allocation Team.

 

–  12  –


Table of Contents

The Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) provides additional information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and each portfolio manager’s ownership of securities in the relevant Fund.

 

–  13  –


Table of Contents

About the Classes of Shares  –  Multiple Class Information

 

Each Fund offers five Classes of shares: Class S, Class Y, Class L, Class A and Class N. Class A shares have up-front sales charges and Class N shares have contingent deferred sales charges. Only Class A and Class N shares charge Rule 12b-1 fees.

 

Class S, Class Y and Class L shares are primarily offered to institutional investors through institutional distribution channels, such as employer-sponsored retirement plans or through broker-dealers, financial institutions or insurance companies. Class A and N shares are primarily offered through other distribution channels, such as broker-dealers or financial institutions. The different Classes have different fees, expenses and/or minimum investor size requirements. The difference in the fee structures among the Classes is the result of their separate arrangements for shareholder and distribution services and not the result of any difference in amounts charged by MassMutual for investment advisory services. Accordingly, management fees do not vary by Class. Different fees and expenses of a Class will affect performance of that Class. For additional information, call us toll free at 1-888-309-3539 or contact a sales representative or financial intermediary who offers the Classes.

 

Except as described below, all Classes of shares of a Fund have identical voting, dividend, liquidation and other rights, preferences, terms and conditions. The only differences among the various Classes are: (a) each Class may be subject to different expenses specific to that Class; (b) each Class has a different Class designation; (c) each Class has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters solely affecting such Class; (d) each Class offered in connection with a 12b-1 Plan will bear the expense of the payments that would be made pursuant to that 12b-1 Plan, and only that Class will be entitled to vote on matters pertaining to that 12b-1 Plan; and (e) each Class will have different exchange privileges.

 

Each Class of a Fund’s shares invests in the same portfolio of securities. Because each Class will have different expenses, they will likely have different share prices. All Classes of shares are available for purchase by insurance company separate investment accounts. Each Class of shares of the Funds may also be purchased by the following Eligible Purchasers:

 

Class S Shares

 

Eligible Purchasers.  Class S shares may be purchased by:

 

· Qualified plans under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as amended (the “Code”), Code Section 403(b) plans, Code Section 457 plans and other retirement plans, where plan assets of the employer generally exceed or are expected to exceed $100 million;

 

· Certain non-qualified deferred compensation plans;

 

· Registered mutual funds and collective trust funds; and

 

· Other institutional investors with assets generally in excess of $100 million.

 

These Eligible Purchasers must have an agreement with MassMutual or a MassMutual affiliate to purchase Class S shares.

 

Shareholder and Distribution Fees.  Class S shares of each Fund are purchased directly from the Trust without a front-end sales charge. Therefore, 100% of your money is invested in the Fund or Funds of your choice. Class S shares do not have deferred sales charges or any Rule 12b-1 fees.

 

Class Y Shares

 

Eligible Purchasers.  Class Y shares may be purchased by:

 

· Non-qualified deferred compensation plans;

 

· Registered mutual funds and collective trust funds;

 

· Qualified plans under Code Section 401(a), Code Section 403(b) plans, Code Section 457 plans and other retirement plans, where plan assets of the employer generally exceed or are expected to exceed $5 million; and

 

· Other institutional investors with assets generally in excess of $5 million.

 

These Eligible Purchasers must have an agreement with MassMutual or a MassMutual affiliate to purchase Class Y shares.

 

–  14  –


Table of Contents

Shareholder and Distribution Fees.  The Class Y shares are 100% no load, so you pay no fees (sales loads) when you buy or sell Class Y shares. Therefore, 100% of your money is invested in the Fund or Funds of your choice. Class Y shares do not have any Rule 12b-1 fees.

 

Class L Shares

 

Eligible Purchasers.  Class L shares may be purchased by:

 

· Non-qualified deferred compensation plans;

 

· Qualified plans under Code Section 401(a), Code Section 403(b) plans, Code Section 457 plans and other retirement plans, where plan assets of the employer generally exceed or are expected to exceed $1 million; and

 

· Other institutional investors with assets generally in excess of $1 million.

 

These Eligible Purchasers must have an agreement with MassMutual or a MassMutual affiliate to purchase Class L shares. Class L shares are generally sold in connection with the use of an intermediary performing third party administration and/or other shareholder services.

 

Shareholder and Distribution Fees.  Class L shares of each Fund are purchased directly from the Trust without a front-end sales charge. Therefore, 100% of your money is invested in the Fund or Funds of your choice. Class L shares do not have deferred sales charges or any Rule 12b-1 fees.

 

Class A and Class N Shares

 

Eligible Purchasers.  Class A and Class N shares may be purchased by:

 

· Qualified plans under Code Section 401(a), Code Section 403(b) plans, Code Section 457 plans and other retirement plans;

 

· Individual retirement accounts described in Code Section 408; and

 

· Other institutional investors, nonqualified deferred compensation plans and voluntary employees’ beneficiary associations described in Code Section 501(c)(9).

 

These Eligible Purchasers must have an agreement with MassMutual or a MassMutual affiliate to purchase Class A or Class N shares. There is no minimum plan or institutional investor size to purchase Class A or Class N shares.

 

Class A and Class N shares may be offered to present or former officers, directors, trustees and employees (and their spouses, parents, children and siblings) of the Funds, MassMutual and its affiliates and retirement plans established by them for their employees.

 

Distribution and Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees.  Class A shares are sold at net asset value per share plus an initial sales charge. Class N shares are sold at net asset value per share without an initial sales charge. Therefore, for Class N shares, 100% of your money is invested in the Fund or Funds of your choice. The Funds have adopted Rule 12b-1 Plans for Class A and Class N shares of the Funds.

 

Under the Class A Plans, each Fund is permitted to pay distribution and service fees at the annual rate of .25%, in the aggregate, of that Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A shares. Distribution fees may be paid to brokers or other financial intermediaries for providing services in connection with the distribution and marketing of Class A shares and for related expenses. Services fees may be paid to brokers or other financial intermediaries for providing personal services to Class A shareholders and/or maintaining Class A shareholder accounts and for related expenses. Compensation under the Plans for service fees will be paid to MassMutual, through MML Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), and compensation under the Plans for distribution fees will be paid to the Distributor. MassMutual and the Distributor will be entitled to retain a portion of the fees generated by an account, or may reallow the full amount to the brokers or other intermediaries. MassMutual may pay any Class A 12b-1 service fees to brokers or other financial intermediaries in advance for the first year after the shares are sold. After the shares have been held for a year, MassMutual will pay the service fees on a quarterly basis.

 

Under the Class N Plans, each Fund pays the Distributor an annual distribution fee of .25%. Each Fund also pays .25% in services fees to MassMutual each year under the Plans. MassMutual will be entitled to retain a portion of the fees generated by an account, or may reallow the full amount to brokers or other financial intermediaries for providing personal services to Class N shareholders and/or maintaining Class N shareholder accounts and for related

 

–  15  –


Table of Contents

expenses. MassMutual may pay the .25% service fees to brokers or other financial intermediaries in advance for the first year after the shares are sold. After the shares have been held for a year, MassMutual pays the service fees on a quarterly basis. The Distributor will be entitled to retain a portion of the fees generated by an account, or may reallow the full amount to brokers or other financial intermediaries for providing services in connection with the distribution and marketing of Class N shares and for related expenses.

 

Because these fees are paid out of a Fund’s assets on an on-going basis, over time these fees will increase the costs of your investment in the Class A and Class N shares and may cost you more than other types of sales charges.

 

Compensation to Intermediaries

 

The Distributor may directly, or through MassMutual, pay a sales concession of up to 1.00% of the purchase price of Class N, Class A and Class L shares to brokers or other financial intermediaries from its own resources at the time of sale. However, the total amount paid to brokers or other financial intermediaries at the time of sale of Class N and Class A shares, including any advance of 12b-1 service fees by MassMutual, may be only 1.00% of the purchase price. In addition, MassMutual may directly, or through the Distributor, pay up to .25% of the amount invested to intermediaries who provide services on behalf of Class S, Class Y, Class L, Class A or Class N shares. This compensation is paid by MassMutual, not from Fund assets. The payments on account of Class S, Class Y, Class L, Class A or Class N shares will be based on criteria established by MassMutual. In the event that amounts paid by the Funds to MassMutual as administrative or management fees are deemed indirect financing of distribution or servicing costs for Class S, Class Y or Class L shares, the Funds have adopted distribution and servicing plans (i.e., Rule 12b-1 Plans) authorizing such payments. No additional fees are paid by the Funds under these plans. Compensation paid by the Funds to brokers or other intermediaries for providing services on account of Class A or Class N shares is described above under “Distribution and Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees”. Where Class S, Class Y, Class L, Class A or Class N shares are sold in connection with nonqualified deferred compensation plans where the employer sponsor has an administrative services agreement with MassMutual or its affiliate, additional compensation may be paid as determined by MassMutual from time to time according to established criteria. As of the date of this Prospectus, aggregate annual compensation in such cases does not exceed .50%. Annual compensation paid on account of Class S, Class Y, Class L, Class A or Class N shares will be paid quarterly, in arrears.

 

MassMutual may also make payments, out of its own assets, to intermediaries, including broker-dealers, insurance agents and other service providers, that result in the sale of certain of MassMutual’s variable annuity contracts. The Funds are underlying investment options for these contracts.

 

This compensation may take the form of:

 

· Payments to administrative service providers that provide enrollment, recordkeeping and other services to pension plans that own MassMutual’s variable annuity contracts;

 

· Cash and non-cash benefits, such as bonuses and allowances or prizes and awards, for certain brokers, administrative service providers and MassMutual insurance agents;

 

· Payments to intermediaries for, among other things, training of sales personnel, conference support, marketing or other services provided to promote awareness of MassMutual’s products;

 

· Payments to broker-dealers and other intermediaries that enter into agreements providing the Distributor with access to representatives of those firms for the sale of its variable annuity contracts or with other marketing or administrative services with respect to these contracts; and

 

· Payments under agreements with MassMutual not directly related to the sale of specific variable annuity contracts, such as educational seminars and training or pricing services.

 

These compensation arrangements are not offered to all intermediaries and the terms of the arrangements may differ among intermediaries. These arrangements may provide an intermediary with an incentive to recommend one mutual fund over another, one share class over another, or one insurance or annuity contract over another. You may want to take these compensation arrangements into account when evaluating any recommendations regarding the Funds or any contract using the Funds as investment options. You may contact your intermediary to find out more information about the compensation they may receive in connection with your investment.

 

–  16  –


Table of Contents

Investing In The Funds

 

Buying, Redeeming and Exchanging Shares

 

The Funds sell their shares at a price equal to their net asset value (“NAV”) plus any initial sales charge that applies. The Funds generally determine their NAV at the market close (usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) every day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open (“Business Day”). Your purchase order will be priced at the next NAV calculated after the order is received and accepted by the transfer agent, MassMutual or another intermediary. The Funds will suspend selling their shares during any period when the determination of NAV is suspended. The Funds can reject any purchase order and can suspend purchases if it is in their best interest.

 

The Funds redeem their shares at their next NAV computed after your redemption request is received and accepted by the transfer agent, MassMutual or another intermediary. You will usually receive payment for your shares within 7 days after your redemption request is received and accepted. If, however, you request redemption of shares recently purchased by check, you may not receive payment until the check has been collected, which may take up to 15 days from time of purchase. The Funds can also suspend or postpone payment, when permitted by applicable law and regulations.

 

Generally, you can exchange shares of one Fund for the same class of shares of another Fund, except in those cases when exchanges are not permitted, as described below in “Placing Transaction Orders—For Shareholders holding shares of the Trust prior to November 1, 2004.” An exchange is treated as a sale of shares in one Fund and a purchase of shares in another Fund at the NAV next determined after the exchange request is received and accepted by the transfer agent, MassMutual or another intermediary. Exchange requests involving a purchase into the Focused International Fund, however, will not be accepted if received by the transfer agent, MassMutual or another intermediary after the earlier of 2:30 p.m. Eastern Time or the market close, on any Business Day. Furthermore, exchange requests involving a purchase into the Focused International Fund will not be accepted if you have already made a purchase followed by a redemption involving the same Fund within the last 30 days. Your right to exchange shares is subject to applicable regulatory requirements or contractual obligations. The Funds may limit, restrict or refuse exchanges, if, in the opinion of MassMutual:

 

· you have engaged in excessive trading;

 

· a Fund receives or expects simultaneous orders affecting significant portions of the Fund’s assets;

 

· a pattern of exchanges occurs which coincides with a market timing strategy; or

 

· the Fund would be unable to invest the funds effectively based on its investment objectives and policies, or if the Fund would be adversely affected.

 

Purchases and exchanges of shares of the Funds should be made for investment purposes only. Excessive trading and/or market timing activity involving the Funds can disrupt the management of the Funds. These disruptions can result in increased expenses and can have an adverse effect on fund performance.

 

MassMutual has adopted policies and procedures to help identify those individuals or entities MassMutual determines may be engaging in excessive trading and/or market timing trading activities. MassMutual monitors trading activity to enforce these procedures. However, those who engage in such activities may employ a variety of techniques to avoid detection. Therefore, despite MassMutual’s efforts to prevent excessive trading and/or market timing trading activities, there can be no assurance that MassMutual will be able to identify all those who trade excessively or employ a market timing strategy and curtail their trading in every instance.

 

The monitoring process involves scrutinizing transactions in fund shares that exceed certain monetary thresholds or numerical limits within a specified period of time. Trading activity identified by either, or a combination, of these factors, or as a result of any other information actually available at the time, will be evaluated to determine whether such activity might constitute excessive trading and/or market timing activity. When trading activity is determined by a Fund or MassMutual, in their sole discretion, to be excessive in nature, certain account-

 

–  17  –


Table of Contents

related privileges, such as the ability to place purchase, redemption and exchange orders over the internet, may be suspended for such account.

 

The Funds reserve the right to modify or terminate the exchange privilege as described above on 60 days written notice.

 

The Funds do not accept purchase, redemption or exchange orders or compute their NAVs on days when the NYSE is closed. This includes: weekends, Good Friday and all federal holidays other than Columbus Day and Veterans Day. Certain foreign markets may be open on days when the Funds do not accept orders or price their shares. As a result, the NAV of a Fund’s shares may change on days when you will not be able to buy or sell shares.

 

Placing Transaction Orders – For Shareholders holding shares of the Trust prior to November 1, 2004

 

Shareholders of the Trust who held their shares prior to November 1, 2004 (when the Trust’s name changed from The DLB Fund Group) and who previously placed transaction orders directly with the Trust through a DLB Fund Coordinator, will, as of November 1, 2004, place trades by telephone or in writing directly with Investors Bank & Trust Company (“IBT”), the Trust’s Transfer Agent. With respect to shares received on November 1, 2004 by former DLB Fund Group investors, transaction orders are limited to purchases and redemptions. These shares may not be exchanged for shares of another Fund of the Trust.

 

Transaction Orders by Telephone

 

Transaction orders placed by telephone will only be accepted if an Application for Telephone Trading Privileges has been completed and returned to IBT. You may obtain an Application for Telephone Trading Privileges by contacting Shareholder Servicing at 877-766-0014. Persons electing to place transaction orders by telephone will be able to do so beginning November 1, 2004 through the following dedicated telephone number: MassMutual Premier Funds Transaction Line, 800-860-2232.

 

Transaction Orders in Writing

 

If you do not want to utilize telephone privileges, you may place your shareholder trades by sending written instructions to IBT. Transaction orders placed in writing should be addressed to Investors Bank & Trust Company, Attn: Transfer Agency Operations, PO Box 642, Boston, MA 02116-0642 and should include the following information:

 

· A letter of instruction signed by an authorized signer of the account detailing the fund name, account number, and trade details; including the trade type (purchase or redemption), and the dollar or share amount. The trade will be processed upon receiving the request in good order.

 

· The signature on the letter of instructions must be guaranteed by an acceptable financial institution (such as a bank, broker, or savings and loan association) as defined under Rule 17Ad-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. If your financial institution belongs to one of the medallion guarantee programs, it must use the actual “Medallion Guaranteed” stamp.

 

· If applicable, a corporate resolution which states that the extract of the by-laws is true and complete and is in full force and effect.

 

· The resolution must be signed by the secretary. It must have a corporate seal or state that no seal exists. If there is no seal, the corporate resolution must be signed by an authorized signer with a medallion guaranteed stamp and must be dated within sixty (60) days of presentment to IBT.

 

Initial Sales Charges

 

Class A shares are sold at their offering price, which is normally NAV plus an initial sales charge. However, in some cases, as described below, purchases are not subject to an initial sales charge, and the offering price will be the NAV. In other cases, reduced sales charges may be available, as described below. Out of the amount you invest, the Fund receives the net asset value to invest for your account.

 

–  18  –


Table of Contents

The sales charge varies depending on the amount of your purchase. A portion of the sales charge may be retained by the Distributor or allocated to your dealer as a concession. The Distributor reserves the right to reallow the entire sales charge as a concession to dealers. The current sales charge rates and concessions paid to dealers and brokers are as follows:

 

Front-End Sales Charge (As a Percentage of Offering Price)/
Front-End Sales Charge (As a Percentage of Net Amount
Invested)/Concession (As a Percentage of Offering Price) for
Different Purchase Amounts:
Price
Breakpoints
     General
Equity
     General
Taxable
Bond
     Shorter-
Term
Bond

Less than $25,000

     5.75%/
6.10%/
4.75%
     4.75%/
4.99%/
4.00%
     3.50%/
3.63%/
3.00%

$25,000- $49,999

     5.50%/
5.82%/
4.75%
     4.75%/
4.99%/
4.00%
     3.50%/
3.63%/
3.00%

$50,000- $99,999

     4.75%/
4.99%/
4.00%
     4.50%/
4.71%/
3.75%
     3.50%/
3.63%/
3.00%

$100,000-$249,999

     3.75%/
3.90%/
3.00%
     3.50%/
3.63%/
2.75%
     3.00%/
3.09%/
2.50%

$250,000-$499,999

     2.50%/
2.56%/
2.00%
     2.00%/
2.04%/
2.25%
     2.50%/
2.56%/
2.00%

$500,000-$999,999

     2.00%/
2.04%/
1.60%
     2.00%/
2.04%/
1.60%
     2.00%/
2.04%/
1.50%

$1,000,000 or more

     None/
None/
1.00%
     None/
None/
1.00%
     None/
None/
.50%

 

A reduced sales charge may be obtained for Class A shares under the Funds’ “Rights of Accumulation” because of the economies of sale efforts and reduction in expenses realized by the Distributor, dealers and brokers making such sales.

 

To qualify for the lower sales charge rates that apply to larger purchases of Class A shares, you can add together:

 

· Current purchases of Class A shares of more than one Fund subject to an initial sales charge to reduce the sales charge rate that applies to current purchases of Class A shares; and

 

· Class A shares of Funds you previously purchased subject to an initial or contingent deferred sales charge to reduce the sales charge rate for current purchases of Class A shares, provided that you still hold your investment in the previously purchased Funds.

 

The Distributor will add the value, at current offering price, of the Class A shares you previously purchased and currently own to the value of current purchases to determine the sales charge rate that applies. The reduced sales charge will apply only to current purchases. You must request the reduced sales charge when you buy Class A shares and inform your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary of Class A shares of any other Funds that you own. Information regarding reduced sales charges can be found on the MassMutual website at www.massmutual.com/retire.

 

There is an initial sales charge on the purchase of Class A shares of each of the MassMutual Premier Funds except the Money Market Fund.

 

Contingent Deferred Sales Charges

 

There is no initial sales charge on purchases of Class A shares of any one or more of the Funds aggregating $1 million or more. The Distributor pays dealers of record concessions in an amount equal to 1.0% or .50% of purchases of $1 million or more as shown in the above table. The concession will not be paid on purchases of shares by exchange or that were previously subject to a front-end sales charge and dealer concession.

 

If you redeem any of those shares within a holding period of 18 months from the date of their purchase, a contingent deferred sales charge of 1.0% will be deducted from the redemption proceeds (unless you are eligible for a waiver of that sales charge based on the categories listed below and you advise the transfer agent, MassMutual or another intermediary of your eligibility for the waiver when you place your redemption request).

 

If Class N shares are redeemed within a holding period of 18 months from the date of their purchase, a contingent deferred sales charge of 1.0% will be deducted from the redemption proceeds (unless you are eligible for a waiver of that sales charge based on the categories listed below and you advise the transfer agent, MassMutual or another intermediary of your eligibility for the waiver when you place your redemption request). The Class N contingent deferred

 

–  19  –


Table of Contents

sales charge is paid to compensate the Distributor for its expenses of providing distribution-related services to the Funds in connection with the sale of Class N shares.

 

All contingent deferred sales charges will be based on the lesser of the net asset value of the redeemed shares at the time of redemption or the original net asset value. A contingent deferred sales charge is not imposed on:

 

· the amount of your account value represented by an increase in net asset value over the initial purchase price,

 

· shares purchased by the reinvestment of dividends or capital gains distributions, or

 

· shares redeemed in the special circumstances described below.

 

To determine whether a contingent deferred sales charge applies to a redemption, the Fund redeems shares in the following order:

 

1. shares acquired by reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions, and

 

2. shares held the longest.

 

Contingent deferred sales charges are not charged when you exchange shares of the Fund for shares of any other Fund. However, if you exchange them within the applicable contingent deferred sales charge holding period, the holding period will carry over to the Fund whose shares you acquire. Similarly, if you acquire shares of a Fund by exchanging shares of another Fund that are still subject to a contingent deferred sales charge holding period, that holding period will carry over to the acquired Fund.

 

Waivers of Class A Initial Sales Charges

 

The Class A sales charges will be waived for shares purchased in the following types of transactions:

 

· Purchases into insurance company separate investment accounts.

 

· Purchases into Retirement Plans or other employee benefit plans.

 

· Purchases of Class A shares aggregating $1 million or more.

 

· Purchases into accounts for which the broker-dealer of record has entered into a special agreement with the Distributor allowing this waiver.

 

· Purchases into accounts for which no sales concession is paid to any broker-dealer or other financial intermediary at the time of sale.

 

· Shares sold to MassMutual or its affiliates.

 

· Shares sold to registered management investment companies or separate accounts of insurance companies having an agreement with MassMutual or the Distributor for that purpose.

 

· Shares issued in plans of reorganization to which the Fund is a party.

 

· Shares sold to present or former officers, directors, trustees or employees (and their “immediate families1”) of the Fund, MassMutual and its affiliates.

 

· Class A shares of the Small Company Opportunities Fund sold to shareholders of the Small Company Opportunities Fund who held shares of that Fund prior to October 31, 2004.

 

Waivers of Class A and Class N Contingent Deferred Sales Charges

 

The Class A and Class N contingent deferred sales charges will not be applied to shares purchased in certain types of transactions or redeemed in certain circumstances described below.

 

A.   Waivers for Redemptions in Certain Cases.

 

The Class A and Class N contingent deferred sales charges will be waived for redemptions of shares in the following cases:

 

· Redemptions from insurance company separate investment accounts.

 

· Redemptions from Retirement Plans or other employee benefit plans.

 

· Redemptions from accounts other than Retirement Plans following the death or disability of the last surviving shareholder, including a trustee of a grantor trust or revocable living trust for which the trustee is also the sole beneficiary. The death or disability must have occurred after the account was established, and for disability you must provide evidence of a

1 The term “immediate family” refers to one’s spouse, children, grandchildren, grandparents, parents, parents-in-law, brothers and sisters, sons- and daughters-in-law, a sibling’s spouse, a spouse’s siblings, aunts, uncles, nieces and nephews; relatives by virtue of a remarriage (step-children, step-parents, etc.) are included.

 

–  20  –


Table of Contents
 

determination of disability by the Social Security Administration.

 

· Redemptions from accounts for which the broker-dealer of record has entered into a special agreement with the Distributor allowing this waiver.

 

· Redemptions from accounts for which no sales concession was paid to any broker-dealer or other financial intermediary at the time of sale.

 

· Redemptions of Class A and Class N shares under an Automatic Withdrawal Plan from an account other than a Retirement Plan if the aggregate value of the redeemed shares does not exceed 10% of the account’s value annually.

 

· In the case of an IRA, to make distributions required under a divorce or separation agreement described in Section 71(b) of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

· Redemptions of Class A shares of the Small Company Opportunities Fund by shareholders of the Small Company Opportunities Fund who held shares of that Fund prior to October 31, 2004

 

B.   Waivers for Shares Sold or Issued in Certain Transactions.

 

The contingent deferred sales charge is also waived on Class A and Class N shares sold or issued in the following cases:

 

· Shares sold to MassMutual or its affiliates.

 

· Shares sold to registered management investment companies or separate accounts of insurance companies having an agreement with MassMutual or the Distributor for that purpose.

 

· Shares issued in plans of reorganization to which the Fund is a party.

 

· Shares sold to present or former officers, directors, trustees or employees (and their “immediate families1”) of the Fund, MassMutual and its affiliates.

 

Determining Net Asset Value

 

The Trust calculates the Net Asset Value (“NAV”) of each class of shares of each Fund separately. The NAV for shares of a class of a Fund is determined by adding the current value of all of the Fund’s assets attributable to that class, subtracting the liabilities attributable to that class and then dividing the resulting number by the total outstanding shares of the class.

 

Each Fund’s assets are valued based on market value of the Fund’s total portfolio. Securities are typically valued on the basis of valuations furnished by a pricing service. However, valuation methods approved by the Fund’s Board of Trustees which are intended to reflect fair value may be used when pricing service information is not readily available or when a security’s value is believed to have been materially affected by a significant event, such as a natural disaster, an economic event like a bankruptcy filing, or a substantial fluctuation in domestic or foreign markets, that has occurred after the close of the exchange or market on which the security is principally traded (for example, a foreign exchange or market). In such a case, a Fund’s value for a security is likely to be different from the last quoted market price or pricing service information. In addition, for each of the Trust’s foreign funds, a fair value pricing service is used to assist in the pricing of foreign securities. Due to the subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, it is possible that the value determined for a particular asset may be materially different from the value realized upon such asset’s sale.

 

The Funds’ valuation methods are more fully described in the Statement of Additional Information.

 

How to Invest

 

When you buy shares of the Fund through an agreement with MassMutual, your agreement will describe how you need to submit buy, sell and exchange orders. Purchase orders must be accompanied by sufficient funds. You can pay by check or Federal Funds wire transfer. You must submit any buy, sell or exchange orders in “good form” as described in your agreement.

 

Taxation and Distributions

 

Each Fund intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. As a regulated investment company, a Fund will not be subject to Federal income taxes on its ordinary income and net realized capital gain distributed to its shareholders. In general, a Fund that fails to distribute at least 98% of such income and gain in the one-year period ending October 31 (or later if the Fund is permitted to elect and so elects) in which earned will be subject to a 4% excise tax on the undistributed amount. Many investors, including most tax qualified plan investors, may be eligible for preferential Federal income tax treatment on distributions received from a Fund and dispositions of Fund shares. This Prospectus does not

 

–  21  –


Table of Contents

attempt to describe in any respect such preferential tax treatment. Any prospective investor that is a trust or other entity eligible for special tax treatment under the Code that is considering purchasing shares of a Fund, including either directly or indirectly through a life insurance company separate investment account, should consult its tax advisers about the Federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences particular to it, as should persons considering whether to have amounts held for their benefit by such trusts or other entities investing in shares of a Fund.

 

Investors that do not receive preferential tax treatment are subject to Federal income taxes on distributions received in respect of their shares. Distributions of the Fund’s ordinary income and short-term capital gains (i.e. gains from capital assets held for one year or less) are taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income whether received in cash or additional shares. Certain designated dividends may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders. Designated capital gain dividends (relating to gains from capital assets held for more than one year) are taxable as long-term capital gains in the hands of the investor whether distributed in cash or additional shares and regardless of how long the investor has owned shares of the Fund. For taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2008, distributions of investment income designated by the Fund as derived from “qualified dividend income” will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund level. The nature of each Fund’s distributions will be affected by its investment strategies. A Fund whose investment return consists largely of interest, dividends and capital gains from short-term holdings will distribute largely ordinary income. A Fund whose return comes largely from the sale of long-term holdings will distribute largely capital gain dividends. Long-term capital gain rates applicable to individuals have been temporarily reduced, in general, to 15% with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2008. Distributions are taxable to a shareholder even though they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund prior to the shareholder’s investment and thus were included in the NAV paid by the shareholder.

 

Each Fund intends to pay out as dividends substantially all of its net investment income (which comes from dividends and any interest it receives from its investments). Each Fund also intends to distribute substantially all of its net realized long- and short-term capital gains, if any, after giving effect to any available capital loss carryovers. For each Fund, distributions, if any, are declared and paid at least annually. Distributions may be taken either in cash or in additional shares of the respective Fund at the Fund’s net asset value on the first business day after the record date for the distribution, at the option of the shareholder.

 

Any gain resulting from the exchange or redemption of an investor’s shares in a Fund will generally be subject to tax. A loss incurred with respect to shares of a Fund held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of long-term capital gains dividends with respect to such shares.

 

The Fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. In that case, the Fund’s yield on those securities would be decreased.

 

Shareholders of the Funds other than the Focused International Fund generally will not be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes. Shareholders of the Focused International Fund, however, may be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes. In addition, the Fund’s investments in foreign securities or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate the Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of the Fund’s distributions.

 

Under current law, dividends (other than capital gain dividends) paid by a Fund to a person who is not a “U.S. person” within the meaning of the Code (a “foreign person”) are generally subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate). Under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 signed by President Bush on October 22, 2004, effective for taxable years of a Fund beginning after December 31, 2004 and before January 1, 2008, a Fund will no longer be required to withhold any amounts with respect to distributions of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses that the Fund properly designates nor with respect to distributions of U.S. source interest income that would not be subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by a foreign person. This provision will first apply to a Fund in its taxable year beginning November 1, 2005.

 

Shareholders should consult their tax adviser for more information on their own tax situation, including possible state, local and foreign taxes.

 

–  22  –


Table of Contents

ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT POLICIES

 

AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS

 

The Funds may invest in a wide range of investments and engage in various investment-related transactions and practices. These practices are pursuant to non-fundamental policies and therefore may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust without the consent of shareholders. Some of the more significant practices and some associated risks are discussed below.

 

Repurchase Agreements and Reverse Repurchase Agreements

 

Each Fund may engage in repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a contract pursuant to which a Fund agrees to purchase a security and simultaneously agrees to resell it at an agreed-upon price at a stated time, thereby determining the yield during the Fund’s holding period. A reverse repurchase agreement is a contract pursuant to which a Fund agrees to sell a security and simultaneously agrees to repurchase it at an agreed-upon price at a stated time. The Statement of Additional Information provides a detailed description of repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and related risks.

 

Securities Lending

 

Each Fund may seek additional income by making loans of portfolio securities of not more than 33% of its total assets taken at current value. This 33% limitation is pursuant to applicable SEC guidelines; this limitation may be increased up to 100% pursuant to the Funds’ fundamental investment restrictions should the SEC revise its guidelines. More information regarding the Fund’s fundamental investment restrictions can be found in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information. Although lending portfolio securities may involve the risk of delay in recovery of the securities loaned or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially, loans will be made only to borrowers deemed by MassMutual and the Funds’ custodian to be in good standing.

 

Under applicable regulatory requirements and securities lending agreements (which are subject to change), the loan collateral received by a Fund when it lends portfolio securities must, on each business day, be at least equal to the value of the loaned securities. Cash collateral received by a Fund will be reinvested by the Fund’s securities lending agent in high quality, short term instruments, including bank obligations, U.S. Government securities, repurchase agreements, money market funds and U.S. dollar denominated corporate instruments with an effective maturity of one-year or less, including variable rate and floating rate securities, insurance company funding agreements and asset-backed securities. All investments of cash collateral by a Fund are for the account and risk of that Fund.

 

Hedging Instruments and Derivatives

 

Each Fund may buy or sell forward contracts and other similar instruments and may engage in foreign currency transactions (collectively referred to as “hedging instruments” or “derivatives”), as more fully discussed in the Statement of Additional Information.

 

The portfolio managers may normally use derivatives:

 

· to protect against possible declines in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio resulting from downward trends in the markets (for example, in the debt securities markets generally due to increasing interest rates);

 

· to protect a Fund’s unrealized gains or limit its unrealized losses; and

 

· to manage a Fund’s exposure to changing securities prices.

 

Portfolio managers may also use derivatives to establish a position in the debt or equity securities markets as a temporary substitute for purchasing or selling particular securities and to manage the effective maturity or duration of fixed income securities in a Fund’s portfolio.

 

(1)

Forward Contracts – Each Fund may purchase or sell securities on a “when issued” or delayed delivery basis or may purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis (“forward contracts”). When such transactions are

 

–  23  –


Table of Contents
 

negotiated, the price is fixed at the time of commitment, but delivery and payment for the securities can take place a month or more after the commitment date. The securities so purchased or sold are subject to market fluctuations and no interest accrues to the purchaser during this period. While a Fund also may enter into forward contracts with the initial intention of acquiring securities for its portfolio, it may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if MassMutual or the Fund’s Sub-Adviser deems it appropriate to do so.

 

(2) Currency Transactions – The Funds may, but will not necessarily, engage in foreign currency transactions with counterparties in order to hedge the value of portfolio holdings denominated in or exposed to particular currencies against fluctuations in relative value.

 

For more information about forward contracts and currency transactions and the extent to which tax considerations may limit a Fund’s use of such instruments, see the Statement of Additional Information.

 

There can be no assurance that the use of hedging instruments and derivatives by a Fund will assist it in achieving its investment objective. Risks inherent in the use of these instruments include the following:

 

· the risk that interest rates and securities prices will not move in the direction anticipated;

 

· the imperfect correlation between the prices of a forward contract and the price of the securities being hedged; and

 

· the Fund’s Sub-Adviser may not have the skills needed to manage these strategies.

 

Therefore, there is no assurance that hedging instruments and derivatives will assist the Fund in achieving its investment objective. As to forward contracts, the risk exists that the counterparty to the transaction will be incapable of meeting its commitment, in which case the desired hedging protection may not be obtained and the Fund may be exposed to risk of loss. As to currency transactions, risks exist that purchases and sales of currency and related instruments can be negatively affected by government exchange controls, blockages, and manipulations or exchange restrictions imposed by governments which could result in losses to the Fund if it is unable to deliver or receive currency or funds in settlement of obligations. It also could cause hedges it has entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure as well as incurring transaction costs.

 

Options and Futures Contracts

 

The Funds may engage in options transactions, such as writing covered put and call options on securities and purchasing put and call options on securities. These strategies are designed to increase a Fund’s portfolio return, or to protect the value of the portfolio, by offsetting a decline in portfolio value through the options purchased. Writing options, however, can only constitute a partial hedge, up to the amount of the premium, and due to transaction costs. The aggregate value of the securities underlying the options written by a Fund may not exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets.

 

The Funds may also write covered call and put options and purchase call and put options on stock indexes in order to increase portfolio income or to protect the Fund against declines in the value of portfolio securities. In addition, these Funds may also purchase and write options on foreign currencies to protect against declines in the dollar value of portfolio securities and against increases in the dollar cost of securities to be acquired. In addition, the Funds may also purchase and write options on foreign currencies to protect against declines in the dollar value of portfolio securities and against increases in the dollar cost of securities to be acquired.

 

The Funds may also enter into futures contracts, including foreign currency futures contracts. These transactions are hedging strategies. They are designed to protect a Fund’s current or intended investments from the effects of changes in exchange rates or market declines. They may also be used for other purposes, such as an efficient means of adjusting a Fund’s exposure to certain markets; in an effort to enhance income; and as a cash management tool. A Fund will incur brokerage fees when it purchases and sells futures contracts. Futures contracts entail risk of loss in portfolio value if the Sub-Adviser is incorrect in anticipating the direction of exchange rates or the securities markets.

 

These Funds may also purchase and write options on these futures contracts. This strategy also is intended to protect against declines in the values of portfolio securities or against increases in the costs of securities to be acquired. Like other options, options

 

–  24  –


Table of Contents

on futures contracts constitute only a partial hedge up to the amount of the premium, and due to transaction costs.

 

While these strategies will generally be used by a Fund for hedging purposes, there are risks. For example, the Sub-Adviser may incorrectly forecast the direction of exchange rates or of the underlying securities index or markets. When these transactions are unsuccessful, the Fund may experience losses. When a Fund enters into these transactions to increase portfolio value (i.e., other than for hedging purposes), there is a liquidity risk that no market will arise for resale and the Fund could also experience losses. Options and Futures Contracts strategies and risks are described more fully in the Statement of Additional Information.

 

Illiquid Securities

 

Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. These policies do not limit the purchase of securities eligible for resale to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, provided that such securities are determined to be liquid by MassMutual or the Sub-Adviser pursuant to Board-approved guidelines. If there is a lack of trading interest in particular Rule 144A securities, a Fund’s holdings of those securities may be illiquid, resulting in the possibility of undesirable delays in selling these securities at prices representing fair value.

 

Foreign Securities

 

Investments in foreign securities offer potential benefits not available from investing solely in securities of domestic issuers, such as the opportunity to invest in foreign issuers that appear to offer growth potential, or to invest in foreign countries with economic policies or business cycles different from those of the United States or foreign stock markets that do not move in a manner parallel to U.S. markets, thereby diversifying risks of fluctuations in portfolio value.

 

Investments in foreign securities, however, entail certain risks, such as: the imposition of dividend or interest withholding or confiscatory taxes; currency blockages or transfer restrictions; expropriation, nationalization, military coups or other adverse political or economic developments; less government supervision and regulation of securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies; and the difficulty of enforcing obligations in other countries. Certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery. A Fund’s ability and decision to purchase and sell portfolio securities may be affected by laws or regulations relating to the convertibility of currencies and repatriation of assets. Further, it may be more difficult for a Fund’s agents to keep currently informed about corporate actions which may affect the prices of portfolio securities. Communications between the United States and foreign countries may be less reliable than within the United States, thus increasing the risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates for portfolio securities.

 

Trading

 

A Fund’s Sub-Adviser may use trading as a means of managing the portfolios of the Fund in seeking to achieve their investment objectives. Transactions will occur when the Sub-Adviser believes that the trade, net of transaction costs, will improve interest income or capital appreciation potential, or will lessen capital loss potential. Whether the goals discussed above will be achieved through trading depends on the Sub-Adviser’s ability to evaluate particular securities and anticipate relevant market factors, including interest rate trends and variations from such trends. If such evaluations and expectations prove to be incorrect, a Fund’s income or capital appreciation could fall and its capital losses could increase. In addition, high portfolio turnover in any Fund can result in additional brokerage commissions to be paid by the Fund and can reduce a Fund’s return. It may also result in higher short-term capital gains that are taxable to shareholders.

 

Cash Positions/Temporary Defensive Positions

 

Each Fund may hold cash or cash equivalents to provide for expenses and anticipated redemption payments and so that an orderly investment program may be carried out in accordance with the Fund’s investment policies. In certain market conditions, a Fund’s Sub-Adviser may for temporary defensive purposes, invest in investment grade debt securities, government obligations, or money market instruments or cash equivalents. These temporary defensive positions may cause a Fund not to achieve its investment objective. These investments may also give the Fund liquidity and allow it to achieve an investment return during such periods, although the Fund still has the possibility of losing money.

 

–  25  –


Table of Contents

Under normal circumstances, a Fund will comply with its 80% investment requirement. However, a Fund may (but is not required to), from time to time, depart temporarily from its 80% investment requirement to avoid losses in response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, as well as other limited, appropriate circumstances, such as, but not limited to, unusually large cash flows or redemptions. Keep in mind that a temporary defensive strategy still has the possibility of losing money and may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective.

 

Industry Concentration

 

A Fund will not acquire securities of issuers in any one industry (as determined by the Board of Trustees of the Trust) if as a result 25% or more of the value of the total assets of the Fund would be invested in such industry, with the following exception:

 

(1) There is no limitation for U.S. Government Securities.

 

Mortgage-Backed Securities and CMOs

 

The Funds may invest in mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”). These securities represent participation interests in pools of residential mortgage loans made by lenders such as banks and savings and loan associations. The pools are assembled for sale to investors (such as the Funds) by government agencies and private issuers, which issue or guarantee the securities relating to the pool. Such securities differ from conventional debt securities which generally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed or determinable amounts (usually semi-annually) with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Some mortgage-backed securities in which a Fund may invest may be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury (e.g., direct pass-through certificates of the Government National Mortgage Association); some are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Government (e.g., obligations of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation); and some are backed by only the credit of the issuer itself (e.g., private issuer securities). Those guarantees do not extend to the value or yield of the mortgage- backed securities themselves or to the NAV of a Fund’s shares. These issuers may also issue derivative mortgage backed securities such as CMOs.

 

The expected yield on mortgage-backed securities is based on the average expected life of the underlying pool of mortgage loans. The actual life of any particular pool will be shortened by any unscheduled or early payments of principal. Principal prepayments generally result from the sale of the underlying property or the refinancing or foreclosure of underlying mortgages. The occurrence of prepayments is affected by a wide range of economic, demographic and social factors and, accordingly, it is not possible to predict accurately the average life of a particular pool. Yield on such pools is usually computed by using the historical record of prepayments for that pool, or, in the case of newly-issued mortgages, the prepayment history of similar pools. The actual prepayment experience of a pool of mortgage loans may cause the yield realized by a Fund to differ from the yield calculated on the basis of the expected average life of the pool.

 

Prepayments tend to increase during periods of falling interest rates, while during periods of rising interest rates prepayments may likely decline. When prevailing interest rates rise, the value of a pass-through security may decrease as do the values of other debt securities, but, when prevailing interest rates decline, the value of a pass-through security is not likely to rise to the extent that the values of other debt securities rise, because of the risk of prepayment. A Fund’s reinvestment of scheduled principal payments and unscheduled prepayments it receives may occur at times when available investments offer higher or lower rates than the original investment, thus affecting the yield of the Fund. Monthly interest payments received by the Fund have a compounding effect which may increase the yield to the Fund more than debt obligations that pay interest semi-annually. Because of these factors, mortgage-backed securities may be less effective than bonds of similar maturity at maintaining yields during periods of declining interest rates. A Fund may purchase mortgage-backed securities at a premium or at a discount. Accelerated prepayments adversely affect yields for pass-through securities purchased at a premium (i.e., at a price in excess of their principal amount) and may involve additional risk of loss of principal because the premium may not have been fully amortized at the time the obligation is repaid. The opposite is true for pass-through securities purchased at a discount.

 

Asset-Backed Securities

 

These securities, issued by trusts and special purpose entities, are backed by pools of assets, such as automobile and credit-card receivables and home

 

–  26  –


Table of Contents

equity loans, which pass through the payments on the underlying obligations to the security holders (less servicing fees paid to the originator or fees for any credit enhancement). The value of an asset-backed security is affected by changes in the market’s perception of the asset backing the security, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the loan pool, the originator of the loans and the financial institution providing any credit enhancement. Value is also affected if any credit enhancement has been exhausted. Payments of principal and interest passed through to holders of asset-backed securities are typically supported by some form of credit enhancement, such as a letter of credit, surety bond, limited guarantee by another entity or by having a priority to certain of the borrower’s other assets. The degree of credit enhancement varies, and generally applies to only a fraction of the asset-backed security’s par value until exhausted. If the credit enhancement of an asset-backed security held by a Fund has been exhausted, and, if any required payments of principal and interest are not made with respect to the underlying loans, the Fund may experience losses or delays in receiving payment. The risks of investing in asset-backed securities are ultimately dependent upon payment of consumer loans by the individual borrowers. As a purchaser of an asset-backed security, the Fund would generally have no recourse to the entity that originated the loans in the event of default by a borrower. The underlying loans are subject to prepayments, which shorten the weighted average life of asset-backed securities and may lower their return, in the same manner as described above for prepayments of a pool of mortgage loans underlying mortgage-backed securities. However, asset-backed securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the underlying collateral as do mortgage-backed securities.

 

Dollar Roll Transactions

 

To take advantage of attractive financing opportunities in the mortgage market and to enhance current income, each of the Funds may engage in dollar roll transactions. A dollar roll transaction involves a sale by a Fund of a GNMA certificate or other mortgage backed securities to a financial institution, such as a bank or broker-dealer, concurrent with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase a similar security from the institution at a later date at an agreed upon price. The securities that are repurchased will bear the same interest rate as those sold, but generally will be collateralized by different pools of mortgages with different prepayment histories than those sold. Dollar roll transactions involve potential risks of loss which are different from those related to the securities underlying the transaction. The Statement of Additional Information gives a more detailed description of dollar roll transactions and related risks.

 

Certain Debt Securities

 

While the Funds may invest in investment grade debt securities that are rated in the fourth highest rating category by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization (e.g., Baa3 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.) or, if unrated, are judged by the Fund’s Sub-Adviser to be of equivalent quality, such securities have speculative characteristics, are subject to greater credit risk, and may be subject to greater market risk than higher rated investment grade securities.

 

When Issued Securities

 

The Funds may purchase securities on a “when-issued” or on a “forward delivery” basis, which means securities will be delivered to the Fund at a future date beyond the settlement date. A Fund will not have to pay for securities until they are delivered. While waiting for delivery of the securities, the Fund will segregate sufficient liquid assets to cover its commitments. Although the Funds do not intend to make such purchases for speculative purposes, there are risks related to liquidity and market fluctuations prior to the Fund taking delivery.

 

Changes to Investment Objectives

 

Except for policies identified as “fundamental” in this Prospectus or the Statement of Additional Information, the Trustees may change the investment objective and policies of a Fund without shareholder approval. Any such changes may result in a Fund having an investment objective and policies different from the objective and policies that you considered appropriate when you invested in the Fund. A Fund will notify you of any changes in its investment objectives of policies through a revised prospectus or other written communication.

 

Net Assets

 

For purposes of clarifying the term as used in this Prospectus, “Net Assets” includes any borrowings for investment purposes.

 

–  27  –


Table of Contents

MASSMUTUAL PREMIER FUNDS

1295 State Street

Springfield, Massachusetts 01111

 

Learning More About the Funds

 

You can learn more about the Funds by reading the Funds’ Annual and Semiannual Reports when they become available and the Statement of Additional Information (SAI). This information is available free upon request. In the Annual and Semiannual Reports, you will find a discussion of market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected each Fund’s performance during the period covered by the Report and a listing of each Fund’s portfolio securities as of the end of such period. The SAI provides additional information about the Funds and will provide you with more detail regarding the organization and operation of the Funds, including their investment strategies. The SAI is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus and is therefore legally considered a part of this Prospectus.

 

How to Obtain Information

 

From MassMutual Premier Funds:  You may request information about the Funds (including the SAI or certain information regarding the portfolio holdings of a Fund) or make shareholder inquiries by calling 1-888-309-3539 or by writing MassMutual Premier Funds c/o Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0111, Attention: Retirement Services Marketing. You may also obtain copies of the SAI at http://www.massmutual.com/retire.

 

From the SEC:  You may review and copy information about the Funds (including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. (call 1-202-942-8090 for information regarding the operation of the SEC’s public reference room). You can get copies of this information, upon payment of a copying fee, by writing to the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102 or by electronic request at publicinfo@sec.gov. Alternatively, if you have access to the Internet, you may obtain information about the Funds from the SEC’s EDGAR database on its Internet site at http://www.sec.gov.

 

When obtaining information about the Funds from the SEC, you may find it useful to reference the Funds’ SEC file number: 811-08690.

 

LOGO


Table of Contents

MASSMUTUAL PREMIER FUNDS

 

1295 STATE STREET

SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 01111

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (“SAI”) IS NOT A PROSPECTUS. IT SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE PROSPECTUS OF MASSMUTUAL PREMIER FUNDS (THE “TRUST”) DATED DECEMBER 1, 2005, AS AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME (THE “PROSPECTUS”). TO OBTAIN A PROSPECTUS, CALL TOLL-FREE 1-888-309-3539, OR WRITE THE TRUST AT THE ABOVE ADDRESS.

 

This SAI relates to the following Funds:

 

    MassMutual Premier Mid-Cap Value Fund

 

    MassMutual Premier Focused International Fund

 

No dealer, salesman or any other person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations, other than those contained in this SAI or in the related Prospectus, in connection with the offer contained herein, and, if given or made, such other information or representation must not be relied upon as having been authorized by the Trust or MML Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”). This SAI and the related Prospectus do not constitute an offer by the Trust or by the Distributor to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy any of the securities offered hereby in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer in such jurisdiction.

 

Dated December 1, 2005

 

1


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page

General Information

   3

Additional Investment Policies

   3

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

   23

Investment Restrictions of the Funds

   25

Management of the Trust

   26

Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers

   32

Administrator and Sub-Administrator

   35

The Distributor

   35

Class A and Class N Distribution and Service Plans

   35

Custodian, Dividend Disbursing Agent and Transfer Agent

   36

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   37

Codes of Ethics

   37

Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage

   37

Shareholder Investment Account

   38

Description of Shares

   38

Redemption of Shares

   40

Valuation of Portfolio Securities

   40

Taxation

   41

Experts

   45

Glossary

   46

Appendix A—Description of Securities Ratings

   47

Appendix B—Proxy Voting Policies

   49

Appendix C—Additional Portfolio Manager Information

   95

 

2


Table of Contents

GENERAL INFORMATION

 

MassMutual Premier Funds (the “Trust”) is a professionally managed, open-end investment company. This SAI describes the following two separate series of the Trust: (1) MassMutual Premier Mid-Cap Value Fund (“Mid-Cap Value Fund”) and (2) MassMutual Premier Focused International Fund (“Focused International Fund”) (each individually referred to as a “Fund” or collectively as the “Funds”). Currently, the Trustees have authorized a total of twenty-two separate series. Additional series may be created by the Trustees from time-to-time.

 

The Trust is organized under the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts as a Massachusetts business trust pursuant to an Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 1, 1994, as amended from time to time (the “Declaration of Trust”). The investment adviser for each of the Funds is Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (“MassMutual” or the “Adviser”). The investment sub-adviser for the Mid-Cap Value Fund is Babson Capital Management LLC (“Babson Capital”), located at 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 and 1500 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01115. The investment sub-adviser for the Focused International Fund is Baring International Investment Limited (“Baring”), located at 155 Bishopsgate, London EC2M-3XY. Babson Capital and Baring are indirect subsidiaries of MassMutual.

 

ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT POLICIES

 

Each Fund has a distinct investment objective which it pursues through separate investment policies, as described in the Prospectus and below. The fundamental investment policies and fundamental investment restrictions of a Fund may not be changed without the vote of a majority of that Fund’s outstanding shares (which, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and the rules thereunder and as used in this Statement of Additional Information and in the Prospectus, means the lesser of (l) 67% of the shares of that Fund present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of that Fund are present in person or by proxy, or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of that Fund). The Board of Trustees of the Trust may adopt new or amend or delete existing non-fundamental investment policies and restrictions without shareholder approval. There is no guarantee that any Fund will achieve its investment objective.

 

The following discussion elaborates on the presentation of each Fund’s investment policies contained in the Prospectus. Investment policies and restrictions described below are non-fundamental, unless otherwise noted. For a description of the ratings of corporate debt securities and money market instruments in which the various Funds may invest, reference should be made to the Appendix.

 

Fixed Income Securities

 

Certain of the debt securities in which the Funds may invest may not offer as high a yield as may be achieved from lower quality instruments having less safety. If a Fund disposes of an obligation prior to maturity, it may realize a loss or a gain. An increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of portfolio investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value of portfolio investments. In addition, investments are subject to the ability of the issuer to make payment at maturity.

 

Although the Funds may invest in investment grade securities, they may also invest in debt securities that are rated below investment grade or, if unrated, are considered by the Adviser or the Fund’s sub-adviser to be of comparable quality. Lower-grade debt securities, which also are known as “junk bonds”, may be subject to greater market fluctuations and greater risks of loss of income and principal than investment-grade securities. Securities that are (or have fallen) below investment grade are exposed to a greater risk that the issuers of those securities might not meet their debt obligations. These risks can reduce a Fund’s share prices and the income it earns.

 

3


Table of Contents

As discussed, a decline in prevailing levels of interest rates generally increases the value of debt securities in a Fund’s portfolio, while an increase in rates usually reduces the value of those securities. As a result, to the extent that a Fund invests in debt securities, interest rate fluctuations will affect its net asset value, but not the income it receives from its debt securities. In addition, if the debt securities contain call, prepayment or redemption provisions, during a period of declining interest rates, those securities are likely to be redeemed, and a Fund would probably be unable to replace them with securities having as great a yield.

 

Investment in medium- or lower-grade debt securities involves greater investment risk, including the possibility of issuer default or bankruptcy. An economic downturn could severely disrupt this market and adversely affect the value of outstanding bonds and the ability of the issuers to repay principal and interest. In addition, lower-quality bonds are less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher-quality instruments and generally are more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. During a period of adverse economic changes, including a period of rising interest rates, issuers of such bonds may experience difficulty in servicing their principal and interest payment obligations. Furthermore, medium- and lower-grade debt securities tend to be less marketable than higher-quality debt securities because the market for them is less broad. The market for unrated debt securities is even narrower. During periods of thin trading in these markets, the spread between bid and asked prices is likely to increase significantly, and a Fund may have greater difficulty selling its portfolio securities. The market value of these securities and their liquidity may be affected by adverse publicity and investor perceptions.

 

Common and Preferred Stocks

 

Stocks represent shares of ownership in a company. Generally, preferred stock has a specified dividend and ranks after bonds and before common stocks in its claim on income for dividend payments and on assets should the company be liquidated. After other claims are satisfied, common stockholders participate in company profits on a pro-rata basis. Profits may be paid out in dividends or reinvested in the company to help it grow. Increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company’s stock price, so common stocks generally have the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential of all corporate securities. While most preferred stocks pay a dividend, preferred stocks may be purchased where the issuer has omitted, or is in the danger of omitting, payment of its dividend. Such investments would be made primarily for their capital appreciation.

 

Warrants and Rights

 

A warrant typically gives the holder the right to purchase underlying stock at a specified price for a designated period of time. Warrants may be relatively volatile investments. The holder of a warrant takes the risk that the market price of the underlying stock may never equal or exceed the exercise price of the warrant. A warrant will expire without value if it is not exercised or sold during its exercise period. Rights are similar to warrants, but normally have a short duration and are distributed directly by the issuer to its shareholders. Warrants and rights have no voting rights, receive no dividends, and have no rights to the assets of the issuer.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts

 

Real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) that may be purchased by a Fund include equity REITs, which own real estate directly, mortgage REITs, which make construction, development or long-term mortgage loans, and hybrid REITs, which share characteristics of equity REITs and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs will be affected by, among other things, changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs will be affected by, among other things, the value of the properties to which they have extended credit.

 

Factors affecting the performance of real estate may include excess supply of real property in certain markets, changes in zoning laws, completion of construction, changes in real estate value and property taxes, sufficient level of occupancy, adequate rent to cover operating expenses, and local and regional markets for competing assets. The performance of real estate may also be affected by changes in interest rates, prudent

 

4


Table of Contents

management of insurance risks and social and economic trends. In addition, REITs are dependent upon the skill of each REIT’s management.

 

A Fund could, under certain circumstances, own real estate directly as a result of a default on debt securities it owns or from an in-kind distribution of real estate from a REIT. Risks associated with such ownership could include potential liabilities under environmental laws and the costs of other regulatory compliance. If a Fund has rental income or income from the direct disposition of real property, the receipt of such income may adversely affect its ability to retain its tax status as a regulated investment company and thus its ability to avoid taxation on its income and gains distributed to its shareholders. REITs are also subject to substantial cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers, self-liquidation and the risk of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the regulations thereunder (the “Code”), and/or to maintain exempt status under the 1940 Act. If a Fund invests in REITs, investors would bear not only a proportionate share of the expenses of that Fund, but also, indirectly, expenses of the REITs.

 

Convertible Securities

 

The Funds may invest in debt or preferred equity securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, equity securities. Traditionally, convertible securities have paid dividends or interest at rates higher than common stocks but lower than nonconvertible securities. They generally participate in the appreciation or depreciation of the underlying stock into which they are convertible, but to a lesser degree. In recent years, convertibles have been developed which combine higher or lower current income with options and other features.

 

Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements

 

In a repurchase agreement transaction, a Fund acquires a security from, and simultaneously resells it to, an approved vendor (a U.S. commercial bank or the U.S. branch of a foreign bank, or a broker-dealer which has been designated a primary dealer in government securities and which must meet the credit requirements, if any, set by the Trust’s Board of Trustees from time to time) for delivery on an agreed-upon future date. The resale price exceeds the purchase price by an amount that reflects an agreed-upon interest rate effective for the period during which the repurchase agreement is in effect. The majority of these agreements run from day to day, and delivery pursuant to the resale agreement typically will occur within one to five days of the purchase. Repurchase agreements are considered “loans” under the 1940 Act, collateralized by the underlying security. A Fund’s repurchase agreements require that at all times while the repurchase agreement is in effect, the value of the collateral must equal or exceed the repurchase price to fully collateralize the loan. Additionally, the Adviser or the Fund’s sub-adviser will impose creditworthiness requirements to confirm that the vendor is financially sound and will continuously monitor the collateral’s value. However, if the seller defaults, a Fund could realize a loss on the sale of the underlying security. In addition, if the seller should be involved in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, a Fund may incur delays and costs in selling the underlying security or may suffer a loss of principal and interest if the Fund is treated as an unsecured creditor and required to return the underlying securities to the seller’s bankruptcy estate.

 

A reverse repurchase agreement is a contract pursuant to which a Fund agrees to sell a security and simultaneously agrees to repurchase it at an agreed-upon price at a stated time. If a Fund engages in reverse repurchase agreements, it will maintain a segregated account with its custodian containing cash or liquid securities, having a current market value at all times in an amount sufficient to repurchase securities pursuant to outstanding reverse repurchase agreements.

 

Dollar Roll Transactions

 

To take advantage of attractive financing opportunities in the mortgage market and to enhance current income, each of the Funds may engage in dollar roll transactions. A dollar roll transaction involves a sale by a Fund of a Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) Certificate or other mortgage-backed

 

5


Table of Contents

securities to a financial institution, such as a bank or broker-dealer, concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase a similar security from the institution at a later date at an agreed upon price. The securities that are repurchased will bear the same interest rate as those sold, but generally will be collateralized by different pools of mortgages with different prepayment histories than those sold. During the period between the sale and repurchase, a Fund will not be entitled to receive the interest and principal payments on the securities sold. Proceeds of the sale will be invested in additional instruments for the Fund. A Fund is compensated for agreeing to repurchase the security by the difference between the current sales price and the price for the future purchase (often referred to as the “drop”) as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale. Dollar rolls may be renewed over a period of several months with a different repurchaser or repurchase price and a cash settlement made at each renewal without physical delivery of securities. Moreover, a Fund may enter into a dollar roll transaction involving a security not then in the Fund’s portfolio.

 

A Fund will segregate cash or other liquid securities in an amount sufficient to meet its obligations under dollar roll transactions or otherwise cover its obligations as permitted by applicable law. Dollar roll transactions involve potential risks of loss which are different from those related to the securities underlying the transaction. For example, if the counterparty were to become insolvent, the Fund’s right to purchase from the counterparty may be restricted. Additionally, the market value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the repurchase price of those securities to be purchased.

 

Cash and Short-Term Debt Securities

 

Money Market Instruments Generally. The Funds may invest in money market securities. Money market securities are high-quality, short-term debt instruments that may be issued by the U.S. Government, corporations, banks or other entities. They may have fixed, variable or floating interest rates. Some money market securities in which the Funds may invest are described below.

 

Bank Obligations. The Funds may invest in bank obligations, including certificates of deposit, time deposits, banker’s acceptances and other short-term obligations of domestic banks, foreign subsidiaries of domestic banks, foreign branches of domestic banks, and domestic and foreign branches of foreign banks, domestic savings and loan associations and other banking institutions.

 

Certificates of deposit (“CD’s”) are negotiable certificates evidencing the obligations of a bank to repay funds deposited with it for a specified period of time. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in a banking institution for a specified period of time at a stated interest rate. Time deposits which may be held by the Funds will not benefit from insurance from the Bank Insurance Fund or the Savings Association Insurance Fund administered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Bankers’ acceptances are credit instruments evidencing the obligation of a bank to pay a draft drawn on it by a customer. These instruments reflect the obligation both of the bank and the drawer to pay the face amount of the instrument upon maturity. The other short-term obligations may include uninsured, direct obligations, bearing fixed, floating- or variable-interest rates.

 

The Funds may invest in certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances of U.S. banks and savings and loan associations, London branches of U.S. banks and U.S. branches of foreign banks. Obligations of foreign banks and of foreign branches of U.S. banks may be affected by foreign governmental action, including imposition of currency controls, interest limitations, withholding taxes, seizure of assets or the declaration of a moratorium or restriction on payments of principal or interest. Foreign banks and foreign branches of U.S. banks may provide less public information than, and may not be subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping standards as, domestic banks.

 

Cash, Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments. The Funds may hold cash or cash equivalents or invest in high quality money market instruments on an ongoing basis, among other reasons, to provide for expenses, to provide liquidity when there is an unexpected level of shareholder purchases or redemptions and so

 

6


Table of Contents

that an orderly investment program may be carried out in accordance with a Fund’s investment policies. In addition, in adverse market conditions, the Funds may also invest in these short term instruments for temporary, defensive purposes. The instruments in which the Funds may invest include, without limitation: (i) short-term obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (ii) CDs, bankers’ acceptances, fixed time deposits and other obligations of domestic banks (including foreign branches); (iii) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than one year; (iv) repurchase agreements; and (v) short-term obligations of foreign banks (including U.S. branches).

 

Commercial Paper and Short-Term Corporate Debt Instruments. The Funds may invest in commercial paper (including variable amount master demand notes) consisting of short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations to finance short-term credit needs. Commercial paper is usually sold on a discount basis and has a maturity at the time of issuance not exceeding nine months. Variable amount master demand notes are demand obligations that permit the investment of fluctuating amounts at varying market rates of interest pursuant to arrangements between the issuer and a commercial bank acting as agent for the payee of such notes whereby both parties have the right to vary the amount of the outstanding indebtedness on the notes. The sub-advisers monitor on an ongoing basis the ability of an issuer of a demand instrument to pay principal and interest on demand. The Funds also may invest in non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with not more than one year remaining to maturity at the date of settlement.

 

Letters of Credit. Certain of the debt obligations (including municipal securities, certificates of participation, commercial paper and other short-term obligations) which the Funds may purchase may be backed by an unconditional and irrevocable letter of credit of a bank, savings and loan association or insurance company which assumes the obligation for payment of principal and interest in the event of default by the issuer.

 

Zero-Coupon, Step Coupon and Pay-In-Kind Securities

 

Other debt securities in which the Funds may invest include zero coupon, step coupon and pay-in-kind instruments. Zero coupon bonds are issued and traded at a discount from their face value. They do not entitle the holder to any periodic payment of interest prior to maturity. Step coupon bonds trade at a discount from their face value and pay coupon interest. The coupon rate is low for an initial period and then increases to a higher coupon rate thereafter. The discount from the face amount or par value depends on the time remaining until cash payments begin, prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issue. Pay-in-kind bonds normally give the issuer an option to pay cash at a coupon payment date or give the holder of the security a similar bond with the same coupon rate and a face value equal to the amount of the coupon payment that would have been made.

 

Current federal income tax law requires holders of zero coupon and step coupon securities to report the portion of the original issue discount on such securities that accrues during a given year as interest income, even though holders receive no cash payments of interest during the year. In order to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code, a Fund must distribute its investment company taxable income, including the original issue discount accrued on zero coupon or step coupon bonds. Because a Fund will not receive cash payments on a current basis in respect of accrued original issue discount on zero coupon or step coupon bonds during the period before interest payments begin, in some years that Fund may have to distribute cash obtained from other sources in order to satisfy the distribution requirements under the Code. A Fund might obtain such cash from selling other portfolio holdings which might cause a Fund to incur capital gains or losses on the sale. Additionally, these actions are likely to reduce the assets to which Fund expenses could be allocated and to reduce the rate of return for a Fund. In some circumstances, such sales might be necessary in order to satisfy cash distribution requirements even though investment considerations might otherwise make it undesirable for a Fund to sell the securities at the time.

 

Generally, the market prices of zero coupon, step coupon and pay-in-kind securities are more volatile than the prices of securities that pay interest periodically and in cash and are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than other types of debt securities.

 

7


Table of Contents

Pass-Through Securities

 

The Funds may invest in various types of pass-through securities, such as mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and participation interests. A pass-through security is a share or certificate of interest in a pool of debt obligations that have been repackaged by an intermediary, such as a bank or broker-dealer. The purchaser of a pass-through security receives an undivided interest in the underlying pool of securities. The issuers of the underlying securities make interest and principal payments to the intermediary which are passed through to purchasers, such as the Funds. The most common type of pass-through securities are mortgage-backed securities. GNMA Certificates are mortgage-backed securities that evidence an undivided interest in a pool of mortgage loans. GNMA Certificates differ from bonds in that principal is paid back monthly by the borrowers over the term of the loan rather than returned in a lump sum at maturity. The Funds may purchase modified pass-through GNMA Certificates, which entitle the holder to receive a share of all interest and principal payments paid and owned on the mortgage pool, net of fees paid to the issuer and GNMA, regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment. GNMA Certificates are backed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

 

The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”) issues two types of mortgage pass-through securities: mortgage participation certificates and guaranteed mortgage certificates. Participation certificates resemble GNMA Certificates in that the participation certificates represent a pro rata share of all interest and principal payments made and owned on the underlying pool. FHLMC guarantees timely payments of interest on the participation certificates and the full return of principal. Guaranteed mortgage certificates also represent a pro rata interest in a pool of mortgages. However, these instruments pay interest semi-annually and return principal once a year in guaranteed minimum payments. This type of security is guaranteed by FHLMC as to timely payment of principal and interest but is not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

 

The Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) issues guaranteed mortgage pass-through certificates. FNMA Certificates resemble GNMA Certificates in that each FNMA Certificate represents a pro rata share of all interest and principal payments made and owned on the underlying pool. This type of security is guaranteed by the FNMA as to timely payment of principal and interest but is not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

 

Except for guaranteed mortgage certificates, each of the mortgage-backed securities described above is characterized by monthly payments to the holder, reflecting the monthly payments made by the borrowers who received the underlying mortgage loans. The payments to the securities holders, such as the Funds, like the payments on the underlying loans, represent both principal and interest. Although the underlying mortgage loans are for specified periods of time, such as 20 or 30 years, the borrowers can, and typically do, pay them off sooner. Thus, the security holders frequently receive prepayments of principal in addition to the principal that is part of the regular monthly payments. If applicable, a portfolio manager will consider estimated prepayment rates in calculation of the average weighted maturity of a Fund which owns these securities. A borrower is more likely to prepay a mortgage that bears a relatively high rate of interest. This means that in times of declining interest rates, higher yielding mortgage-backed securities held by a Fund might be converted to cash and the Fund will be forced to accept lower interest rates when that cash is used to purchase additional securities in the mortgage-backed securities sector or in other investment sectors. Additionally, prepayments during such periods will limit a Fund’s ability to participate in as large a market gain as may be experienced with a comparable security not subject to prepayment.

 

Asset-backed securities represent interests in pools of consumer loans and are backed by paper or accounts receivables originated by banks, credit card companies or other providers of credit. Generally, the originating bank or credit provider is neither the obligor nor the guarantor of the security, and interest and principal payments ultimately depend upon payment of the underlying loans by individuals.

 

8


Table of Contents

Other Income-Producing Securities

 

Other types of income-producing securities the Funds may purchase, include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

    Variable and floating rate obligations. These types of securities have variable or floating rates of interest and, under certain limited circumstances, may have varying principal amounts. These securities pay interest at rates that are adjusted periodically according to a specified formula, usually with reference to some interest rate index or market interest rate. The floating rate tends to decrease the security’s price sensitivity to changes in interest rates. These types of securities are relatively long-term instruments that often carry demand features permitting the holder to demand payment of principal at any time or at specified intervals prior to maturity.

 

In order to use these investments most effectively, a Fund’s sub-adviser must correctly assess probable movements in interest rates. This involves different skills than those used to select most portfolio securities. If the sub-adviser incorrectly forecasts such movements, a Fund could be adversely affected by the use of variable or floating rate obligations.

 

    Standby commitments. These instruments, which are similar to a put, give a Fund the option to obligate a broker, dealer or bank to repurchase a security held by the Fund at a specified price.

 

    Tender option bonds. Tender option bonds are relatively long-term bonds that are coupled with the agreement of a third party, such as a broker, dealer or bank, to grant the holders of such securities the option to tender the securities to the institution at periodic intervals.

 

    Inverse floaters. These are debt instruments whose interest bears an inverse relationship to the interest rate on another security. Similar to variable and floating rate obligations, effective use of inverse floaters requires skills different from those needed to select most portfolio securities. If movements in interest rates are incorrectly anticipated, a Fund could lose money or the net asset value of its shares could decline by the use of inverse floaters.

 

    Strip bonds. Strip bonds are debt securities that are stripped of their interest, usually by a financial intermediary, after the securities are issued. The market value of these securities generally fluctuates more in response to changes in interest rates than interest-paying securities of comparable maturities.

 

Standby commitments, tender option bonds and instruments with demand features are primarily used by the Funds for the purpose of increasing the liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio.

 

Securities Lending

 

Each Fund may seek additional income by making loans of portfolio securities of not more than 33% of its total assets taken at current market value, although this amount may change if applicable regulatory requirements change. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. Under applicable regulatory requirements and securities lending agreements (which are subject to change), the loan collateral must, on each business day, be at least equal to the value of the loaned securities and must consist of cash (which may be invested by the Fund in any investment not otherwise prohibited by the Prospectus or this SAI), bank letters of credit or securities of the U.S. Government (or its agencies or instrumentalities), or other cash equivalents in which the Funds are permitted to invest. The borrower pays to the lending Fund an amount equal to any dividends or interest received on the securities lent. The Funds may invest the cash collateral received or may receive a fee from the borrower. All investments of cash collateral by a Fund are for the account and risk of that Fund. Although voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, each Fund retains the right to call the loans at any time on reasonable notice. The Funds may also call such loans in order to sell the securities involved. The Funds pays various fees in connection with such loans, including shipping fees and reasonable custodian, securities lending agent and placement fees. The terms of a

 

9


Table of Contents

Fund’s loans must also meet certain tests under the Code and must permit the Fund to reacquire loaned securities on five business days’ notice or in time to vote on any important matter.

 

Hedging Instruments And Derivatives

 

Subject to the Fundamental Investment Restrictions described below under “Investment Restrictions of the Fund—Fundamental Investment Restrictions of the Funds” each Fund currently may use the hedging instruments and derivatives discussed below. In the future, each Fund may employ hedging instruments and strategies that are not currently contemplated but which may be developed, to the extent such investment methods are consistent with a Fund’s investment objective and are legally permissible.

 

(1) Forward Contracts—Each Fund may purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis (“forward contracts”). When such transactions are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time of commitment, but delivery and payment for the securities can take place a month or more after the commitment date. The securities so purchased or sold are subject to market fluctuations and no interest accrues to the purchaser during this period. At the time of delivery the securities may be worth more or less than the purchase or sale price. While a Fund also may enter into forward contracts with the initial intention of acquiring securities for its portfolio, it may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if the Fund’s sub-adviser deems it appropriate to do so. The Funds may realize short-term gains or losses upon the sale of forward contracts. If a Fund enters into a forward contract, it will establish a segregated account with its custodian consisting of cash or liquid securities, having a current market value equal to or greater than the aggregate amount of that Fund’s commitment under forward contracts (that is, the purchase price of the underlying security on the delivery date). As one of several alternatives to maintaining all or part of the segregated account, a Fund could buy call or put options to “cover” the forward contracts.

 

(2) Currency Transactions—Each Fund may engage in currency transactions with counterparties in order to convert foreign denominated securities or obligations (or obligations exposed to foreign currency fluctuation) to U.S. dollar-denominated investments. The Funds may also engage in currency transactions to, among other reasons, hedge the value of portfolio holdings denominated in or exposed to particular currencies against fluctuations in relative value.

 

Currency transactions include forward currency contracts, exchange listed currency futures, exchange listed and OTC options on currencies, and currency swaps. A forward currency contract involves a privately negotiated obligation to purchase or sell (with delivery generally required) a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. A currency swap is an agreement to exchange cash flows based on the notional difference among two or more currencies and operates similarly to an interest rate swap.

 

The Funds are most likely to deal in forward currency contracts and other currency transactions such as futures, options, options on futures, and swaps, and may do so for several reasons, including hedging. Transaction hedging is entering into a currency transaction with respect to specific assets or liabilities of a Fund, which will generally arise in connection with the purchase or sale of its portfolio securities or the receipt of income therefrom. Position hedging is entering into a currency transaction with respect to portfolio security positions denominated or generally quoted in that currency. For example, if the Fund believes that a foreign currency may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar, it may enter into a forward sale contract to sell an amount of that foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of the Fund’s portfolio securities denominated in or exposed to such foreign currency. The Funds may also cross-hedge currencies by entering into transactions to purchase or sell one or more currencies that are expected to decline in value relative to other currencies to which the Fund has or in which the Fund expects to have portfolio exposure.

 

To reduce the effect of currency fluctuations on the value of existing or anticipated holdings of portfolio securities, the Funds may also engage in proxy hedging. Proxy hedging is often used when the currency to which

 

10


Table of Contents

a Fund’s portfolio is exposed is difficult to hedge or to hedge against the dollar. Proxy hedging entails entering into a forward contract to sell a currency whose changes in value are generally considered to be linked to a currency or currencies in which some or all of a Fund’s portfolio securities are or are expected to be denominated, and to buy U.S. dollars. For example, if the Adviser or the Fund’s sub-adviser considers that the Austrian schilling is linked to the British pound, a Fund holds securities denominated in schillings and the Adviser or the Fund’s sub-adviser believes that the value of schillings will decline against the U.S. dollar, the Adviser or the Fund’s sub-adviser may enter into a contract to sell British pounds and buy dollars. Currency hedging involves some of the same risks and considerations as other transactions with similar instruments. Currency transactions can result in losses to a Fund if the currency being hedged fluctuates in value to a degree or in a direction that is not anticipated. Further, there is the risk that the perceived linkage between various currencies may not be present during the particular time that a Fund is engaging in proxy hedging.

 

(3) Risks Regarding Hedging Instruments and Derivatives—Some of the general risks associated with hedging and the use of derivatives include: (a) the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular hedging instrument at any time; (b) these instruments can be highly volatile; and (c) the possible need to defer closing out certain positions to avoid adverse tax consequences. More specific risks are set forth below.

 

(i) Forward Contracts: Forward contracts involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, which risk is in addition to the risk of decline in value of a Fund’s other assets.

 

(ii) Currency Transactions: Currency transactions are subject to risks different from those of other portfolio transactions. Because currency control is of great importance to the issuing governments and influences economic planning and policy, purchases and sales of currency and related instruments can be negatively affected by government exchange controls, blockages, and manipulations or exchange restrictions imposed by governments. These can result in losses to a Fund if it is unable to deliver or receive currency or funds in settlement of obligations and could also cause hedges it has entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure as well as incurring transaction costs. Buyers and sellers of currency futures are subject to the same risks that apply to the use of futures generally. Further, settlement of a currency futures contract for the purchase of most currencies must occur at a bank based in the issuing nation. Trading options on currency futures is relatively new, and the ability to establish and close out positions on such options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid market which may not always be available. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate based on factors extrinsic to that country’s economy.

 

Derivatives

 

(1) Options and Futures Transactions. The Funds may enter into options and futures transactions and may, without limitation, (a) purchase and sell exchange traded and over-the-counter (OTC) put and call options on equity securities, equity indexes, fixed income securities or indexes of interest rates (i.e. Eurodollar options), (b) purchase and sell futures contracts on fixed income securities or indexes of interest rates, equity or fixed income securities, and (c) purchase and sell put and call options on futures contracts on fixed income securities or indexes of interest rates, equity or fixed income securities. Each of these instruments is a derivative instrument as its value derives from the underlying asset or index.

 

The Funds may utilize options and futures contracts for various reasons, including to manage exposure to changing interest rates and/or security prices. Some options and futures strategies, including selling futures contracts and buying puts, tend to hedge a Fund’s investments against price fluctuations. Other strategies, including buying futures contracts, writing puts and calls, and buying calls, tend to increase market exposure. Options and futures contracts may be combined with each other or with forward contracts in order to adjust the risk and return characteristics of a Fund’s overall strategy in a manner deemed appropriate to the Fund’s sub-adviser and consistent with that Fund’s objective and policies. Because combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out.

 

11


Table of Contents

The use of options and futures contracts is a highly specialized activity which involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions, and there can be no guarantee that their use will increase a Fund’s return. While the use of these instruments by a Fund may reduce certain risks associated with owning its portfolio securities, these techniques themselves entail certain other risks. If the Fund’s sub-adviser applies a strategy at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions or trends incorrectly, options and futures strategies may lower a Fund’s return. Certain strategies limit a Fund’s possibilities to realize gains as well as limiting its exposure to losses. A Fund could also experience losses if the prices of its options and futures positions were poorly correlated with its other investments, or if it could not close out its positions because of an illiquid secondary market. In addition, a Fund will incur transaction costs, including trading commissions and option premiums, in connection with its futures and options transactions, and these transactions could significantly increase a Fund’s turnover rate.

 

(2) Purchasing Put and Call Options. The Funds may purchase put and call options. By purchasing a put option, a Fund obtains the right (but not the obligation) to sell the instrument underlying the option at a fixed strike price. In return for this right, a Fund pays the current market price for the option (known as the option premium). Options have various types of underlying instruments, including specific securities, indexes of securities, indexes of securities prices, indexes of interest rates and futures contracts. A Fund may terminate its position in a put option it has purchased by allowing it to expire or by exercising the option. A Fund may also close out a put option position by entering into an offsetting transaction, if a liquid market exists. If the option is allowed to expire, a Fund will lose the entire premium it paid. If a Fund exercises a put option on a security, it will sell the instrument underlying the option at the strike price. If a Fund exercises an option on an index, settlement is in cash and does not involve the actual sale of securities. If an option is American style, it may be exercised on any day up to its expiration date. A European style option may be exercised only on its expiration date.

 

The buyer of a typical put option can expect to realize a gain if the price of the underlying instrument falls substantially. However, if the price of the instrument underlying the option does not fall enough to offset the cost of purchasing the option, a put buyer can expect to suffer a loss (limited to the amount of the premium paid, plus related transaction costs).

 

The features of call options are essentially the same as those of put options, except that the purchaser of a call option obtains the right to purchase, rather than sell, the instrument underlying the option at the option’s strike price. A call buyer typically attempts to participate in potential price increases of the instrument underlying the option with risk limited to the cost of the option if security prices fall. At the same time, the buyer can expect to suffer a loss if security prices do not rise sufficiently to offset the cost of the option.

 

(3) Selling (Writing) Put and Call Options. The Funds may also “write” put and call options. When a Fund writes a put option, it takes the opposite side of the transaction from the option’s purchaser. In return for receipt of the premium, a Fund assumes the obligation to pay the strike price for the instrument underlying the option if the other party to the option chooses to exercise it. A Fund may seek to terminate its position in a put option it writes before exercise by purchasing an offsetting option in the market at its current price. If the market is not liquid for a put option a Fund has written, however, a Fund must continue to be prepared to pay the strike price while the option is outstanding, regardless of price changes, and, if applicable, must continue to post margin as discussed below.

 

If the price of the underlying instrument rises, a put writer would generally expect to profit, although its gain would be limited to the amount of the premium it received. If security prices remain the same over time, it is likely that the writer will also profit, because it should be able to close out the option at a lower price. If security prices fall, the put writer would expect to suffer a loss. This loss should be less than the loss from purchasing and holding the underlying instrument directly, however, because the premium received for writing the option should offset a portion of the decline.

 

12


Table of Contents

Writing a call option obligates a Fund to sell or deliver the option’s underlying instrument in return for the strike price upon exercise of the option. The characteristics of writing call options are similar to those of writing put options, except that writing calls generally is a profitable strategy if prices remain the same or fall. Through receipt of the option premium a call writer offsets part of the effect of a price decline. At the same time, because a call writer must be prepared to deliver the underlying instrument in return for the strike price, even if its current value is greater, a call writer gives up some ability to participate in security price increases.

 

The writer of an exchange traded put or call option on a security, an index of securities or a futures contract is required to deposit cash or securities or a letter of credit as margin and to make mark to market payments of variation margin as the position becomes unprofitable.

 

(4) Options on Indexes. The Funds may also purchase options on indexes. Options on securities indexes are similar to options on securities, except that the exercise of securities index options is settled by cash payment and does not involve the actual purchase or sale of securities. In addition, these options are designed to reflect price fluctuations in a group of securities or segment of the securities market rather than price fluctuations in a single security. A Fund, in purchasing or selling index options, is subject to the risk that the value of its portfolio securities may not change as much as an index because that Fund’s investments generally will not match the composition of an index.

 

For a number of reasons, a liquid market may not exist and thus a Fund may not be able to close out an option position that it has previously entered into. When a Fund purchases an OTC option, it will be relying on its counterparty to perform its obligations, and a Fund may incur additional losses if the counterparty is unable to perform.

 

(5) Exchange Traded and OTC Options. All options purchased or sold by the Funds will be traded on a securities exchange or will be purchased or sold by securities dealers or other parties (OTC options) that meet creditworthiness standards, if any, approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. While exchange-traded options are obligations of the Options Clearing Corporation, in the case of OTC options, a Fund relies on the dealer from which it purchased the option to perform if the option is exercised. Thus, when a Fund purchases an OTC option, it relies on the dealer from which it purchased the option to make or take delivery of the underlying securities. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by a Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction. In addition, OTC options are considered illiquid by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

 

(6) Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. The Funds may purchase or sell (write) futures contracts and purchase or sell put and call options on futures contracts. Futures contracts obligate the buyer to take and the seller to make delivery at a future date of a specified quantity of a financial instrument or an amount of cash based on the value of a securities index. Currently, futures contracts are available on, among other things, various types of fixed income securities including, but not limited to, U.S. Treasury bonds, notes and bills, Eurodollar certificates of deposit and on indexes of fixed income securities and indexes of equity securities.

 

The Funds may use futures contracts as a hedge against the effects of interest rate changes or changes in the market value of stocks comprising the index in which the Funds invests. In managing cash flows, the Funds may use futures contracts as a substitute for holding the designated securities underlying the futures contract. The Funds may also use futures contracts as a substitute for a comparable market position in the underlying securities or for any other purpose permitted by its investment policies and by applicable law.

 

Transactions by the Funds in futures contracts involve certain risks. One risk in employing futures contracts as a hedge against cash market price volatility is the possibility that futures prices will correlate imperfectly with the behavior of the prices of the securities in a Fund’s investment portfolio. Similarly, in employing futures contracts as a substitute for purchasing the designated underlying securities, there is a risk that the performance of the futures contract may correlate imperfectly with the performance of the direct investments for which the

 

13


Table of Contents

futures contract is a substitute. Also, no assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular contract at any particular time. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the trading day. Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting a Fund to substantial losses. If it is not possible, or if a Fund determines not to close a futures position in anticipation of adverse price movements, that Fund will be required to make daily cash payments on variation margin.

 

Unlike a futures contract, which requires the parties to buy and sell a security or make a cash settlement payment based on changes in a financial instrument or securities index on an agreed date, an option on a futures contract entitles its holder to decide on or before a future date whether to enter into such a contract. If the holder decides not to exercise its option, the holder may close out the option position by entering into an offsetting transaction or may decide to let the option expire and forfeit the premium thereon. The purchaser of an option on a futures contract pays a premium for the option but makes no initial margin payments or daily payments of cash in the nature of “variation” margin payments to reflect the change in the value of the underlying contract as does a purchaser or seller of a futures contract.

 

The seller of an option on a futures contract receives the premium paid by the purchaser and may be required to pay initial margin. Amounts equal to the initial margin and any additional collateral required on any options on futures contracts sold by a Fund are paid by that Fund into a segregated account, in the name of the futures commission merchant, as required by the 1940 Act and the SEC interpretations thereunder. The use of futures or options on futures for purposes other than hedging may be regarded as speculative. Certain regulatory requirements may also limit a Fund’s ability to engage in futures and related options transactions.

 

Stock Index Futures and Options on Stock Index Futures. The Funds may invest in stock index futures contracts and options on stock index futures contracts. A stock index future obligates the seller to deliver (and the purchaser to take), effectively, an amount of cash equal to a specific dollar amount times the difference between the value of a specific stock index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the agreement is made. No physical delivery of the underlying stocks in the index is made. There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at the time when a Fund seeks to close out a futures contract or a futures option position. Lack of a liquid market may prevent liquidation of an unfavorable position.

 

Future Developments. The Funds may take advantage of opportunities in the area of options and futures contracts and options on futures contracts and any other derivative investments which are not presently contemplated for use by the Funds or which are not currently available but which may be developed, to the extent such opportunities are both consistent with a Fund’s investment objective and legally permissible for a Fund.

 

(7) Combined Positions. The Funds are permitted to purchase and write options in combination with each other, or in combination with futures or forward contracts, to adjust the risk and return characteristics of the overall position. For example, a Fund may purchase a put option and write a call option on the same underlying instrument, in order to construct a combined position whose risk and return characteristics are similar to selling a futures contract. Another possible combined position would involve writing a call option at one strike price and buying a call option at a lower price, in order to reduce the risk of the written call option in the event of a substantial price increase. Because combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out.

 

(8) Risks Regarding Options and Futures Transactions. Some of the general risks associated with the use of options and futures include:

 

(a) Correlation of Price Changes. Because there are a limited number of types of exchange-traded options and futures contracts, it is likely that the standardized options and futures contracts available will

 

14


Table of Contents

not match a Fund’s current or anticipated investments exactly (to the extent options and futures contracts are used for such purpose). The Funds may invest in options and futures contracts based on securities with different issuers, maturities, or other characteristics from the securities in which it typically invests, which involves a risk that the options or futures position will not track the performance of a Fund’s other investments.

 

Options and futures contracts prices can also diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the underlying instruments match a Fund’s investments well. Options and futures contracts prices are affected by such factors as current and anticipated short term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until expiration of the contract, which may not affect security prices the same way. Imperfect correlation may also result from differing levels of demand in the options and futures markets and the securities markets, from structural differences in how options and futures and securities are traded, or from imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading halts. A Fund may purchase or sell options and futures contracts with a greater or lesser value than the securities it wishes to hedge or intends to purchase in order to attempt to compensate for differences in volatility between the contract and the securities, although this may not be successful in all cases. If price changes in a Fund’s options and futures positions are poorly correlated with its other investments, the positions may fail to produce anticipated gains or result in losses that are not offset by gains in other investments.

 

(b) Liquidity of Options and Futures Contracts. There is no assurance a liquid market will exist for any particular option or futures contract at any particular time even if the contract is traded on an exchange. In addition, exchanges may establish daily price fluctuation limits for options and futures contracts and may halt trading if a contract’s price moves up or down more than the limit in a given day. On volatile trading days when the price fluctuation limit is reached or a trading halt is imposed, it may be impossible for a Fund to enter into new positions or close out existing positions. If the market for a contract is not liquid because of price fluctuation limits or otherwise, it could prevent prompt liquidation of unfavorable positions, and could potentially require a Fund to continue to hold a position until delivery or expiration regardless of changes in its value. As a result, a Fund’s access to other assets held to cover its options or futures positions could also be impaired. (See “Exchange Traded and OTC Options” above for a discussion of the liquidity of options not traded on an exchange.)

 

(c) Position Limits. Futures exchanges can limit the number of futures and options on futures contracts that can be held or controlled by an entity. If an adequate exemption cannot be obtained, the Fund or its sub-adviser may be required to reduce the size of their futures and options positions or may not be able to trade a certain futures or options contract in order to avoid exceeding such limits.

 

(d) Asset Coverage for Futures Contracts and Options Positions. The Funds will comply with guidelines established by the SEC with respect to coverage of options and futures contracts by mutual funds, and if the guidelines so require, will set aside appropriate liquid assets in the amount prescribed. Assets set aside for such purpose cannot be sold while the futures or options strategy is outstanding, unless they are replaced with other suitable assets. As a result, there is a possibility that segregation of a large percentage of a Fund’s assets could impede portfolio management or a Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

 

(e) Status Under the Commodity Exchange Act. The Funds are operated by a person who has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), and therefore, such person is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under the CEA.

 

(9) Swaps and Related Swap Products: The Funds may engage in swap transactions, including, but not limited to, interest rate, currency, credit default, indices, basket, specific security and commodity swaps, interest rate caps, floors and collars and options on swaps (collectively defined as “swap transactions”).

 

15


Table of Contents

Each Fund may enter into swap transactions for any legal purpose consistent with its investment objective and policies, such as for the purpose of attempting to obtain or preserve a particular return or spread at a lower cost than obtaining that return or spread through purchases and/or sales of instruments in cash markets, to protect against currency fluctuations, as a duration management technique, to protect against any increase in the price of securities a Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date, or to gain exposure to certain markets in the most economical way possible.

 

Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional counterparties for periods ranging from a few weeks to several years. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) that would be earned or realized on specified notional investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are calculated by reference to a “notional amount,” i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency or commodity, or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index. The purchaser of an interest rate cap or floor, upon payment of a fee, has the right to receive payments (and the seller of the cap is obligated to make payments) to the extent a specified interest rate exceeds (in the case of a cap) or is less than (in the case of a floor) a specified level over a specified period of time or at specified dates. The purchaser of an interest rate collar, upon payment of a fee, has the right to receive payments (and the seller of the collar is obligated to make payments) to the extent that a specified interest rate falls outside an agreed upon range over a specified period of time or at specified dates. The purchaser of an option on an interest rate swap, upon payment of a fee (either at the time of purchase or in the form of higher payments or lower receipts within an interest rate swap transaction) has the right, but not the obligation, to initiate a new swap transaction of a pre-specified notional amount with pre-specified terms with the seller of the option as the counterparty.

 

The “notional amount” of a swap transaction is the agreed upon basis for calculating the payments that the parties have agreed to exchange. For example, one swap counterparty may agree to pay a floating rate of interest (e.g., 3 month LIBOR) calculated based on a $10 million notional amount on a quarterly basis in exchange for receipt of payments calculated based on the same notional amount and a fixed rate of interest on a semi-annual basis. In the event a Fund is obligated to make payments more frequently than it receives payments from the other party, it will incur incremental credit exposure to that swap counterparty. This risk may be mitigated somewhat by the use of swap agreements which call for a net payment to be made by the party with the larger payment obligation when the obligations of the parties fall due on the same date. Under most swap agreements entered into by a Fund, payments by the parties will be exchanged on a “net basis”, and a Fund will receive or pay, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments.

 

The amount of a Fund’s potential gain or loss on any swap transaction is not subject to any fixed limit. Nor is there any fixed limit on a Fund’s potential loss if it sells a cap or collar. If the Fund buys a cap, floor or collar, however, the Fund’s potential loss is limited to the amount of the fee that it has paid. When measured against the initial amount of cash required to initiate the transaction, which is typically zero in the case of most conventional swap transactions, swaps, caps, floors and collars tend to be more volatile than many other types of instruments.

 

The use of swap transactions, caps, floors and collars involves investment techniques and risks which are different from those associated with portfolio security transactions. If a Fund’s sub-adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates, and other applicable factors, the investment performance of a Fund will be less favorable than if these techniques had not been used. These instruments are typically not traded on exchanges. Accordingly, there is a risk that the other party to certain of these instruments will not perform its obligations to a Fund or that a Fund may be unable to enter into offsetting positions to terminate its exposure or liquidate its position under certain of these instruments when it wishes to do so. Such occurrences could result in losses to a Fund.

 

A Fund’s sub-adviser will, however, consider such risks and will enter into swap and other derivatives transactions only when it believes that the risks are not unreasonable.

 

16


Table of Contents

Each Fund will maintain cash or liquid assets in an amount sufficient at all times to cover its current obligations under its swap transactions, caps, floors and collars. If a Fund enters into a swap agreement on a net basis, it will segregate assets with a daily value at least equal to the excess, if any, of a Fund’s accrued obligations under the swap agreement over the accrued amount a Fund is entitled to receive under the agreement. If a Fund enters into a swap agreement on other than a net basis, or sells a cap, floor or collar, it will segregate assets with a daily value at least equal to the full amount of a Fund’s accrued obligations under the agreement. In addition to those techniques mentioned above, a Fund may cover its obligations under a swap agreement by using any other technique permitted by applicable law.

 

The Funds will not enter into any swap transaction, cap, floor, or collar, unless the counterparty to the transaction is deemed creditworthy by the Adviser and/or the sub-adviser. If a counterparty defaults, a Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. The swap markets in which many types of swap transactions are traded have grown substantially in recent years, with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the markets for certain types of swaps (e.g., interest rate swaps) have become relatively liquid. The markets for some types of caps, floors and collars are less liquid.

 

During the term of a swap, cap, floor or collar, changes in the value of the instrument are recognized as unrealized gains or losses by marking to market to reflect the market value of the instrument. When the instrument is terminated, a Fund will record a realized gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between the proceeds from (or cost of) the closing transaction and a Fund’s basis in the contract.

 

The federal income tax treatment with respect to swap transactions, caps, floors, and collars may impose limitations on the extent to which the Fund may engage in such transactions.

 

(10) Structured Notes and Hybrid Instruments: Structured notes are derivative debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. Indexed securities include structured notes as well as securities other than debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. Indexed securities may include a multiplier that multiplies the indexed element by a specified factor and, therefore, the value of such securities may be very volatile.

 

A hybrid instrument can combine the characteristics of securities, futures, and options. For example, the principal amount or interest rate of a hybrid could be tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency or securities index or another interest rate (each a “benchmark”). The interest rate or (unlike most fixed income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a hybrid security may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark.

 

Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management, and increased total return. Hybrids may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond that has a fixed principal amount and pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes a Fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the net asset value of a Fund.

 

Illiquid Securities

 

Each Fund may invest not more than 15% of its net assets in “illiquid securities,” which are securities that are not readily marketable, including securities whose disposition is restricted by contract or under federal

 

17


Table of Contents

securities laws. A Fund may not be able to dispose of such securities in a timely fashion and for a fair price, which could result in losses to a Fund. In addition, illiquid securities are generally more difficult to value. Illiquid securities may include repurchase agreements with maturities greater than seven days, futures contracts and options thereon for which a liquid secondary market does not exist, time deposits maturing in more than seven calendar days and securities of new and early stage companies whose securities are not publicly traded. The Funds may also purchase securities eligible for resale to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933. Such securities may be determined to be liquid by the Board of Trustees, the Adviser and/or the sub-adviser, if such determination by the Adviser or sub-adviser is pursuant to Board approved guidelines. Such guidelines shall take into account trading activity for such securities and the availability of reliable pricing information, among other factors. If there is a lack of trading interest in particular Rule 144A securities, a Fund’s holdings of those securities may be illiquid, resulting in undesirable delays in selling these securities at prices representing fair value.

 

Investments may be illiquid because there is no active trading market for them, making it difficult to value them or dispose of them promptly at an acceptable price. The sub-advisers monitor holdings of illiquid securities on an ongoing basis to determine whether to sell any holding to maintain adequate liquidity.

 

Foreign Securities

 

Each Fund is permitted to invest in foreign securities. Foreign securities include securities of foreign companies and foreign governments (or agencies or subdivisions thereof). If a Fund’s securities are held abroad, the countries in which such securities may be held and the sub-custodian holding them must be approved by the Board of Trustees or its delegate under applicable rules adopted by the SEC. In buying foreign securities, each Fund may convert U.S. dollars into foreign currency, but only to effect securities transactions on foreign securities exchanges and not to hold such currency as an investment.

 

The globalization and integration of the world economic system and related financial markets have made it increasingly difficult to define issuers geographically. Accordingly, the Funds intend to construe geographic terms such as “foreign,” “non-U.S.,” “European, “ “Latin American,” “Asian,” and “emerging markets” in the manner that affords to the Funds the greatest flexibility in seeking to achieve the investment objective(s) of the relevant Fund. Specifically, in circumstances where the investment objective and/or strategy is to invest (a) exclusively in “foreign securities,” “non-U.S. securities” “European securities,” “Latin American securities,” “Asian securities,” or “emerging markets” (or similar directions) or (b) at least some percentage of the Fund’s assets in foreign securities, etc., the Fund will take the view that a security meets this description so long as the issuer of a security is tied economically to the particular country or geographic region indicated by words of the relevant investment objective and/or strategy (the “Relevant Language”). For these purposes the issuer of a security is deemed to have that tie if:

 

(i) the issuer is organized under the laws of the country or a country within the geographic region suggested by the Relevant Language or maintains its principal place of business in that country or region; or

 

(ii) the securities are traded principally in the country or region suggested by the Relevant Language; or

 

(iii) the issuer, during its most recent fiscal year, derived at least 50% of its revenues or profits from goods produced or sold, investments made, or services performed in the country or region suggested by the Relevant Language or has at least 50% of its assets in that country or region.

 

In addition, the Funds intend to treat derivative securities (e.g., call options) by reference to the underlying security. Conversely, if the investment objective and/or strategy of a Fund limits the percentage of assets that may be invested in “foreign securities,” etc. or prohibits such investments altogether, a Fund intends to categorize securities as “foreign,” etc. only if the security possesses all of the attributes described above in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii).

 

18


Table of Contents

Foreign securities also include securities of foreign issuers represented by American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”). ADRs are issued by a U.S. depository institution, but they represent a specified quantity of shares of a non-U.S. stock company. In addition to ADRs, a Fund may invest in sponsored or unsponsored Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) to the extent they become available. GDRs and EDRs are typically issued by foreign depositaries and evidence ownership interests in a security or pool of securities issued by either a foreign or a U.S. corporation. Holders of unsponsored GDRs and EDRs generally bear all the costs associated with establishing them. The depositary of an unsponsored GDR or EDR is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the underlying issuer or to pass through to the GDR or EDR holders any voting rights with respect to the securities or pools of securities represented by the GDR or EDR. GDRs and EDRs also may not be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities. Registered GDRs and EDRs are generally designed for use in U.S. securities markets, while bearer form GDRs and EDRs are generally designed for non-U.S. securities markets.

 

Investments in foreign securities involve special risks and considerations. As foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to domestic companies, there may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than about a domestic company. For example, foreign markets have different clearance and settlement procedures. Delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when assets of a Fund are uninvested. The inability of a Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause it to miss certain investment opportunities. They may also entail certain other risks, such as the possibility of one or more of the following: imposition of dividend or interest withholding or confiscatory taxes, higher brokerage costs, thinner trading markets, currency blockages or transfer restrictions, expropriation, nationalization, military coups or other adverse political or economic developments; less government supervision and regulation of securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies; and the difficulty of enforcing obligations in other countries. Purchases of foreign securities are usually made in foreign currencies and, as a result, a Fund may incur currency conversion costs and may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in the value of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar. Further, it may be more difficult for a Fund’s agents to keep currently informed about corporate actions which may affect the prices of portfolio securities. Communications between the United States and foreign countries may be less reliable than within the United States, thus increasing the risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates for portfolio securities. Certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery. A Fund’s ability and decisions to purchase and sell portfolio securities may be affected by laws or regulations relating to the convertibility of currencies and repatriation of assets.

 

A number of current significant political, demographic and economic developments may affect investments in foreign securities and in securities of companies with operations overseas. The course of any one or more of these events and the effect on trade barriers, competition and markets for consumer goods and services are uncertain. Similar considerations are of concern with respect to developing countries. For example, the possibility of revolution and the dependence on foreign economic assistance may be greater in these countries than in developed countries. Management seeks to mitigate the risks associated with these considerations through diversification and active professional management.

 

In addition to the general risks of investing in foreign securities, investments in emerging markets involve special risks. Securities of many issuers in emerging markets may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable domestic issuers. Emerging markets may have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of a Fund is uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of a Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause a Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result in losses to a Fund due to subsequent declines in values of the portfolio securities, decrease in the level of liquidity in a Fund’s portfolio, or, if a Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, possible liability to the purchaser. Certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery, and in such markets a Fund bears

 

19


Table of Contents

the risk that the securities will not be delivered and that the Fund’s payments will not be returned. Securities prices in emerging markets can be significantly more volatile than in the more developed nations of the world, reflecting the greater uncertainties of investing in less established markets and economies. In particular, countries with emerging markets may have relatively unstable governments, present the risk of nationalization of businesses, or may have restrictions on foreign ownership or prohibitions of repatriation of assets, and may have less protection of property rights than more developed countries. The economies of countries with emerging markets may be predominantly based on only a few industries, may be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade conditions, and may suffer from extreme and volatile debt burdens or inflation rates. Local securities markets may trade a small number of securities and may be unable to respond effectively to increases in trading volume, potentially making prompt liquidation of substantial holdings difficult or impossible at times. Securities of issuers located in countries with emerging markets may have limited marketability and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements.

 

Certain emerging markets may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. In addition, if a deterioration occurs in an emerging market’s balance of payments or for other reasons, a country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. A Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to that Fund of any restrictions on investments.

 

Investment in certain foreign emerging market debt obligations may be restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times preclude investment in certain foreign emerging market debt obligations and increase the expenses of a Fund.

 

When-Issued Securities

 

Each Fund may purchase or sell securities on a “when-issued” or on a “forward delivery” basis. When such transactions are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time of commitment, but delivery and payment for the securities can take place a month or more after the commitment date. The securities so purchased or sold are subject to market fluctuations, and no interest accrues to the purchaser during this period. At the time of delivery, the securities may be worth more or less than the purchase or sales price. Generally, under normal circumstances, a Fund is expected to take delivery of securities purchased. When a Fund commits to purchase a security on a “when-issued” or on a “forward delivery” basis, it will take actions consistent with SEC policies, which currently recommend that an amount of the Fund’s assets equal to the amount of the purchase be held aside or segregated to be used to pay for the commitment. Therefore, a Fund would have liquid assets sufficient to cover any commitments. However, there are risks. For example, a Fund may have to sell assets which have been set aside in order to meet redemptions. Also, if a Fund determines it necessary to sell the “when-issued” or “forward delivery” securities before delivery, a Fund may incur a loss because of market fluctuations since the time the commitment to purchase the securities was made.

 

Portfolio Management

 

Babson Capital and Baring use trading as a means of managing the portfolios of the Funds in seeking to achieve their investment objectives. Transactions will occur when a Fund’s sub-adviser believes that the trade, net of transaction costs, will improve interest income or capital appreciation potential, or will lessen capital loss potential. Whether the goals discussed above will be achieved through trading depends on the sub-adviser’s ability to evaluate particular securities and anticipate relevant market factors, including interest rate trends and variations from such trends. If such evaluations and expectations prove to be incorrect, a Fund’s income or capital appreciation may be reduced and its capital losses may be increased. In addition, high turnover in a Fund could result in additional brokerage commissions to be paid by that Fund. See also “Taxation” below.

 

The Funds may pay brokerage commissions to affiliates of one or more affiliates of Babson Capital or Baring.

 

20


Table of Contents

Other Investment Companies

 

Certain markets are closed in whole or in part to equity investments by foreigners. A Fund may be able to invest in such markets solely or primarily through governmentally authorized investment vehicles or companies. Investment in another investment company may involve the payment of a premium above the value of such issuers’ portfolio securities, and is subject to market availability. The Funds do not intend to invest in such vehicles or funds unless, in the judgment of the Adviser or a Fund’s sub-adviser, and subject to a Fund’s investment restrictions set forth in its Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, the potential benefits of the investment justify the payment of any applicable premium or sales charge. As a shareholder in an investment company, Fund shareholders would indirectly pay a portion of that investment company’s expenses, including its advisory, administration, brokerage, shareholder servicing and other expenses. At the same time a Fund would continue to pay its own management fees and other expenses.

 

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)

 

These are a type of investment company bought and sold on a securities exchange. An ETF represents a fixed portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market index. A Fund could purchase an ETF to temporarily gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or a foreign market while awaiting purchase of underlying securities. The risks of owning an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities they are designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in it being more volatile and ETFs have management fees which increase their costs. As a shareholder in an ETF, Fund shareholders would indirectly pay a portion of that ETF’s expenses, including its advisory, administration, brokerage, shareholder servicing and other expenses. At the same time a Fund would continue to pay its own management fees and other expenses.

 

Index-Related Securities (Equity Equivalents)

 

The Funds may invest in certain types of securities that enable investors to purchase or sell shares in a portfolio of securities that seeks to track the performance of an underlying index or a portion of an index. Such Equity Equivalents include, among others, DIAMONDS (interests in a portfolio of securities that seeks to track the performance of the Dow Jones Industrial Average), SPDRs or Standard & Poor’s Depositary Receipts (interests in a portfolio of securities that seeks to track the performance of the S&P 500 Index), WEBS or World Equity Benchmark Shares (interests in a portfolio of securities that seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index of a particular foreign country’s stocks), and the Nasdaq-100 Trust (interests in a portfolio of securities of the largest and most actively traded non-financial companies listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market). Such securities are similar to index mutual funds, but they are traded on various stock exchanges or secondary markets. The value of these securities is dependent upon the performance of the underlying index on which they are based. Thus, these securities are subject to the same risks as their underlying indexes as well as the securities that make up those indices. For example, if the securities comprising an index that an index-related security seeks to track perform poorly, the index-related security will lose value.

 

Equity Equivalents may be used for several purposes, including to simulate full investment in the underlying index while retaining a cash balance for fund management purposes, to facilitate trading, to reduce transaction costs or to seek higher investment returns where an Equity Equivalent is priced more attractively than securities in the underlying index. Because the expense associated with an investment in Equity Equivalents may be substantially lower than the expense of small investments directly in the securities comprising the indices they seek to track, investments in Equity Equivalents may provide a cost-effective means of diversifying the fund’s assets across a broad range of equity securities.

 

The prices of Equity Equivalents are derived and based upon the securities held by the particular investment company. Accordingly, the level of risk involved in the purchase or sale of an Equity Equivalent is similar to the risk involved in the purchase or sale of traditional common stock, with the exception that the pricing mechanism for such instruments is based on a basket of stocks. The market prices of Equity Equivalents are expected to

 

21


Table of Contents

fluctuate in accordance with both changes in the net asset values of their underlying indices and the supply and demand for the instruments on the exchanges on which they are traded. Substantial market or other disruptions affecting an Equity Equivalent could adversely affect the liquidity and value of the shares of the fund investing in such instruments.

 

Short Sales

 

The Funds may engage in short sales. A short sale is a transaction in which a Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. When a Fund makes a short sale on a security, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to a broker dealer through which it made the short sale as collateral for its obligation to deliver the security upon the conclusion of the sale. A Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over any accrued interest and dividends on such borrowed securities. If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time a Fund replaces the borrowed security, a Fund will incur a loss, which could be unlimited, in cases where a Fund is unable for whatever reason to close out its short position; conversely, if the price declines, a Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely impacted by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.

 

Selling short “against-the-box” refers to the sale of securities actually owned by the seller but held in safekeeping. In such short sales, while the short position is open, a Fund must own an equal amount of such securities, or by virtue of ownership of securities have the right, without payment of further consideration, to obtain an equal amount of securities sold short. Short sales against-the-box generally produce current recognition of gain (but not loss) for federal income tax purposes on the constructive sale of securities “in the box” prior to the time the short position is closed out.

 

U.S. Government Securities

 

The Funds may invest in U.S. Government securities. These include obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations (i) may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States (as with U.S. Treasury obligations and GNMA certificates) or (ii) may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself (as with FNMA notes). In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment. Such agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities where it is not obligated to do so. U.S. Government securities are subject to interest rate risk, and, in some cases, may be subject to credit risk. As a general matter, the value of debt instruments, including U.S. Government obligations, declines when market interest rates increase and rises when market interest rates decrease. Certain types of U.S. Government obligations are subject to fluctuations in yield or value due to their structure or contract terms.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

Although portfolio turnover is not a limiting factor with respect to investment decisions for the Funds, the Funds expect to experience relatively modest portfolio turnover rates. It is anticipated that under normal circumstances the annual portfolio turnover rate of each Fund will generally not exceed 100%. However, in any particular year, market conditions may result in greater turnover rates than the sub-adviser currently anticipates for these Funds. Portfolio turnover involves brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which the relevant Fund will bear directly, and could involve realization of capital gains that would be taxable when distributed to shareholders. To the extent that portfolio turnover results in realization of net short-term capital gains, such gains ordinarily are taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates. See the “Taxation” and “Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage” sections in this SAI for additional information.

 

22


Table of Contents

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

The Trustees of the Funds, including a majority of directors who are not “interested persons” of the Funds (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”)), have adopted policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio holdings. These policies and procedures generally provide that no disclosure of portfolio holdings information may be made unless publicly disclosed as described below or made to the Funds’ adviser, sub-advisers, or any of their affiliates who provide services to the Funds. Certain limited exceptions pursuant to the Funds’ policies and procedures are described below. The Funds’ portfolio holdings information may not be disseminated for compensation. Any exceptions to the Funds’ policies and procedures may be made only if approved in writing by the Funds’ Principal Executive Officer and the Chief Compliance Officer as being in the best interests of the relevant Fund, and then only if the recipients are subject to a confidentiality agreement as described below. Any such exceptions must be reported to the Funds’ Board of Trustees at its next regularly scheduled meeting.

 

MassMutual and the Funds’ sub-advisers are primarily responsible for compliance with these policies and procedures, which includes maintaining such internal informational barriers (e.g., “Chinese walls”) as each believes are reasonably necessary for preventing the unauthorized disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Pursuant to Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act, the Trustees will periodically (at least annually) receive reports from the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer regarding the operation of these policies and procedures, including a confirmation by the Chief Compliance Officer that MassMutual’s and the sub-advisers’ policies, procedures and/or processes are reasonably designed to comply with the Funds’ policies and procedures in this regard.

 

Public Disclosures

 

The Funds’ portfolio holdings are currently disclosed to the public through required filings with the SEC and as described below. The Funds file their portfolio holdings with the SEC for each fiscal quarter on Form N-CSR (with respect to each annual period and semi-annual period) and Form N-Q (with respect to the first and third quarters of the Funds’ fiscal year) no later than 60 days after the end of the applicable quarter. Shareholders may obtain the Funds’ Form N-CSR and N-Q filings on the SEC’s Web site at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, the Funds’ Form N-CSR and N-Q filings may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information about the SEC’s Web site or the operation of the public reference room.

 

The Funds’ most recent portfolio holdings as of the end of February, May, August and November are available on http://www.massmutual.com/retire no earlier than 30 days after the end of each of these respective months. In addition, each Fund’s top ten holdings are made available in quarterly reports and on http://www.massmutual.com/retire as soon as possible after each calendar quarter-end.

 

Other Disclosures

 

To the extent permitted under applicable law, MassMutual and the Funds’ sub-advisers may distribute (or authorize the Funds’ custodian to distribute) information regarding the Funds’ portfolio holdings more frequently than as provided above on a confidential basis to various service providers and others who require such information in order to fulfill their contractual duties with respect to the Funds. These service providers include the Funds’ custodian and sub-administrator (Investors Bank & Trust Company), the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm (Deloitte & Touche LLP), legal counsel (Ropes & Gray LLP), financial printer (R.R. Donnelley), any proxy voting service employed by the Funds, MassMutual, or any of the Funds’ sub-advisers, and any pricing services employed by the Funds. The Funds may also periodically provide non-public information about their portfolio holdings to rating and ranking organizations, such as Lipper Inc. and Morningstar Inc., in connection with those firms’ research on and classification of the Funds and in order to gather information about how the Funds’ attributes (such as volatility, turnover, and expenses) compared with those of peer funds.

 

23


Table of Contents

Such disclosures may be made only if (i) the recipients of such information are subject to a written confidentiality agreement specifying that the Funds’ portfolio holdings information is the confidential property of the Funds and may not be used for any purpose except in connection with the provision of services to the Funds and, in particular, that such information may not be traded upon; and (ii) if the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer (or a person designated by the Chief Compliance Officer) determines that, under the circumstances, disclosure is in the best interests of the relevant Fund’s shareholders. The information distributed is limited to the information that MassMutual or the relevant sub-adviser believes is reasonably necessary in connection with the services provided by the service provider receiving the information.

 

24


Table of Contents

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS OF THE FUNDS

 

FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS OF THE FUNDS

 

Each Fund is subject to certain fundamental restrictions on its investments, which may not be changed without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of that Fund. Investment restrictions that appear below or elsewhere in this SAl and in the Prospectus which involve a maximum percentage of securities or assets shall not be considered to be violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition or encumbrance of securities or assets of, or borrowings by or on behalf of, a Fund. The Trust may not, on behalf of a Fund:

 

(1) Borrow money in excess of 33% of the value (taken at the lower of cost or current value) of the Fund’s total assets (not including the amount borrowed) at the time the borrowing is made, and then only from banks for temporary, extraordinary or emergency purposes, except that the Fund may borrow through reverse repurchase agreements or dollar rolls up to 33% of the value of the Fund’s total assets. Such borrowings (other than borrowings relating to reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls) will be repaid before any investments are purchased.

 

(2) Underwrite securities issued by other persons except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of its portfolio investments, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under federal securities laws.

 

(3) Purchase or sell real estate (including real estate limited partnerships), although it may purchase securities of issuers which deal in real estate, including securities of real estate investment trusts, securities which represent interests in real estate and securities which are secured by interests in real estate, and the Fund may acquire and dispose of real estate or interests in real estate acquired through the exercise of its rights as holder of debt obligations secured by real estate or interests therein or for use as office space for the Fund.

 

(4) Make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations (including non-publicly traded debt obligations), by entering into repurchase agreements or through the lending of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Loans of portfolio securities may be made with respect to up to 100% of the Fund’s assets in the case of each Fund.

 

(5) Issue any senior security (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act), if such issuance is specifically prohibited by the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. (The Funds have no intention of issuing senior securities except as set forth in Restriction 1 above.)

 

(6) Invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in securities of issuers in any one industry. (Securities issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities are not considered to represent industries.)

 

(7) Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, including futures contracts, except that the Funds may purchase and sell futures contracts, options (including options on commodities and commodity contracts) and other financial instruments and may enter into foreign exchange transactions.

 

(8) Purchase any security (other than securities issued, guaranteed or sponsored by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities) if as a result, with respect to 75% of the Fund’s assets, (i) more than 5% of the value of the total assets (determined at the time of investment) of the Fund would be invested in the securities of a single issuer; or (ii) the Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer.

 

Restrictions (1) through (8) above are deemed “fundamental” investment policies.

 

Notwithstanding any fundamental investment restriction set forth above or in the Prospectus, each Fund may engage in hedging transactions, techniques, and practices using forward contracts and similar instruments, to the extent and in a manner permitted by law.

 

25


Table of Contents

NON-FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS OF THE FUNDS

 

In addition to the fundamental investment restrictions described above, the Board of Trustees of the Trust has voluntarily adopted certain policies and restrictions which are observed in the conduct of the affairs of the Fund. These represent intentions of the Trustees based upon current circumstances. They differ from fundamental investment restrictions in that the following additional investment restrictions may be changed or amended by action of the Trustees without requiring prior notice to or approval of shareholders.

 

In accordance with such policies and guidelines, each Fund:

 

(1) may not invest in (i) securities that at the time of such investment are not readily marketable, (ii) securities the disposition of which is restricted under federal securities laws, excluding restricted securities that have been determined by the Trustees of the Trust (or the person designated by them to make such determination) to be readily marketable, and (iii) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days if, as a result, more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets (taken at current value) would then be invested in securities described in (i), (ii) and (iii) above.

 

(2) may not, to the extent that shares of the Fund are purchased or otherwise acquired by other series of the Trust or other series of registered open-end investment companies in the Trust’s “group of investment companies” (as such term is defined in Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act), acquire any securities of registered open-end investment companies or registered unit investment trusts in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act.

 

MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST

 

The Trust has a Board of Trustees, a majority of which are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust. The Board of Trustees of the Trust is generally responsible for management of the business and affairs of the Trust. The Trustees formulate the general policies of the Trust and the Fund, approve contracts and authorize Trust officers to carry out the decisions of the Board. To assist them in this role, the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust (“Disinterested Trustees”) have retained independent legal counsel. As Adviser and sub-advisers to the Funds, respectively, MassMutual, Babson Capital and Baring may be considered part of the management of the Trust. The Trustees and principal officers of the Trust are listed below together with information on their positions with the Trust, address, age, principal occupations during the past five years and other principal business affiliations.

 

Disinterested Trustees1

 

Ronald J. Abdow   Trustee of the Trust
1295 State Street    
Springfield, MA 01111    
Age: 74    
Trustee since 2004    
Trustee of 30 portfolios in fund complex    

 

Chairman, Abdow Corporation (operator of restaurants); Trustee, Abdow G&R Trust and Abdow G&R Co. (owners and operators of restaurant properties); Partner, Abdow Partnership, Abdow Auburn Associates, and Abdow Hazard Associates (owners and operators of restaurant properties); Chairman, Western Mass Development Corp.; Chairman, American International College; Trustee (since 2002), Board IV OppenheimerFunds (investment company); Trustee (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company).


(1)   Each Trustee serves for an indefinite term, until his or her successor is elected.

 

26


Table of Contents
Nabil N. El-Hage   Trustee of the Trust
1295 State Street    
Springfield, MA 01111    
Age: 47    
Trustee since 2003    
Trustee of 30 portfolios in fund complex    

 

Senior Lecturer, Finance, Harvard Business School, January 2003-present; Chairman (1995-present) and CEO (1995-2003), Jeepers! Inc. (indoor amusement centers); Trustee (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company).

 

Maria D. Furman   Trustee of the Trust
1295 State Street    
Springfield, MA 01111    
Age: 51    
Trustee since 2004    
Trustee of 30 portfolios in fund complex    

 

Managing Director, Director and Portfolio Manager (1976-2002), Standish, Ayer and Wood (investment management); Trustee (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company).

 

C. Ann Merrifield   Trustee of the Trust
1295 State Street    
Springfield, MA 01111    
Age: 54    
Trustee since 2004    
Trustee of 30 portfolios in fund complex    

 

President, Biosurgery (since 2003), Executive Vice President, Biosurgery (2001-2003), President, Genetics (1997-2001), Genzyme Corporation; Director (since 1997), Playtex Products, Inc; Trustee (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company).

 

Corine T. Norgaard2   Trustee of the Trust
1295 State Street    
Springfield, MA 01111    
Age: 68    
Trustee since 2004    
Trustee of 32 portfolios in fund complex    

 

President (since 2004), Thompson Enterprises (real estate investment); Dean (1996-2004), Barney School of Business at the University of Hartford; Director (since 1992), ING Variable Funds (formerly Aetna Variable Fund); Director (since 1993), ING Series Fund, Inc. (formerly Aetna Series Fund); Director (since 1997), Frontier Trust Company, FSB (formerly, Advest Bank & Trust Co. and Advest Trust Co.); Trustee (since 1997), MassMutual Corporate Investors and MassMutual Participation Investors (closed-end investment companies); Trustee (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company).


(2)   MassMutual Participation Investors and MassMutual Corporate Investors are deemed to be a part of the Fund Complex because they are managed by Babson Capital Management LLC (“Babson Capital”), an indirect subsidiary of MassMutual.

 

27


Table of Contents

Interested Trustee1

 

Kevin M. McClintock3   Chairman, Trustee and President of the Trust
1295 State Street    
Springfield, MA 01111    
Age: 44    
Trustee since 1999    
President since 2003    
Trustee of 30 portfolios in fund complex    

 

Managing Director and Member of the Board of Managers (1999-present), Babson Capital Management LLC; Managing Director (1999-2004), S.I. International Assets (formerly known as Babson-Stewart Ivory International); Chairman, Trustee and President (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company).

 

Principal Officers4

 

James S. Collins   Treasurer of the Trust
1295 State Street    
Springfield, MA 01111    
Age: 47    
Officer since 2005    
Officer of 61 portfolios in fund complex    

 

Vice President (since 1999), Second Vice President (since 1990), MassMutual; Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2000), MML Series Investment Fund (open-end investment company); Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2000), MassMutual Select Funds (open-end investment company); Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company).

 

Kristin Bushard   Vice President of the Trust
1295 State Street    
Springfield, MA 01111    
Age: 39    
Officer since 2005    
Officer of 61 portfolios in fund complex    

 

Managing Director (since 2003), MassMutual; Assistant Vice President (2000-2003), Allmerica Asset Management; Vice President (since 2005), MassMutual Select Funds (open-end investment company); Vice President (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund (open-end investment company); Vice President (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company).

 

Frederick C. Castellani   Vice President of the Trust
1295 State Street    
Springfield, MA 01111    
Age: 58    
Officer since 2004    
Officer of 55 portfolios in fund complex    

(3)   Mr. McClintock is an “Interested Person” as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, through his employment with Babson Capital.
(4)   Officers are elected to hold such office until their successor is elected and qualified to carry out the duties and responsibilities of their office, or until he or she resigns or is removed from office.

 

28


Table of Contents

Executive Vice President (since 2001), Senior Vice President (1996-2001), MassMutual; Trustee and President (since 2001), MassMutual Select Funds (open-end investment company); Trustee (since 2001), MML Series Investment Fund (open-end investment company); Vice President (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company).

 

Ian W. Sheridan   Vice President of the Trust
1295 State Street    
Springfield, MA 01111    
Age: 40    
Officer since 2005    
Officer of 61 portfolios in fund complex    

 

Vice President (since 2003), MassMutual; Vice President of Marketing and Business Development (1999-2003), Automatic Data Processing (ADP); Vice President (since 2004), MML Series Investment Fund (open-end investment company); Vice President (since 2004), MassMutual Select Funds (open-end investment company); Vice President (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company).

 

Michael A. Chong   Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust
1295 State Street    
Springfield, MA 01111    
Age: 47    
Officer since 2004    
Officer of 61 portfolios in fund complex    

 

Vice President, Compliance (since 2004), Vice President and Associate General Counsel (1999-2004), Second Vice President (1996-1999), MassMutual; Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2004), MassMutual Select Funds (open-end investment company); Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2004), MML Series Investment Fund (open-end investment company); Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company).

 

Thomas M. Kinzler   Vice President and Clerk of the Trust
1295 State Street    
Springfield, MA 01111    
Age: 50    
Officer since 2004    
Officer of 61 portfolios in fund complex    

 

Vice President and Associate General Counsel (since 1999), Second Vice President and Associate General Counsel (1996-1999), MassMutual; Vice President and Secretary (since 1999), MassMutual Select Funds (open-end investment company); Vice President and Secretary (since 1999), MML Series Investment Fund (open-end investment company); Vice President and Clerk (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company).

 

The Board of Trustees of the Trust has an Audit Committee, a Nominating and Independent Trustees’ Matters (“Nominating”) Committee and an Administrative Functions (“Administrative”) Committee. The Audit Committee and Nominating Committee are comprised of Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust. Currently, Mr. El-Hage and Ms. Norgaard comprise the Audit Committee and all of the Disinterested Trustees comprise the Nominating Committee. The Administrative Committee is comprised of Messrs. McClintock and Abdow and Ms. Furman and Ms. Merrifield. The Nominating Committee, pursuant to a Charter adopted by the Board (a) identifies individuals qualified to become Independent Trustees of the Trust’s Board of Trustees in the event that a position currently filled by an Independent Trustee is vacated or created; (b) evaluates the qualifications of Independent Trustee candidates; (c) nominates Independent Trustee nominees for election or

 

29


Table of Contents

appointment to the Board; (d) sets any standards necessary or qualifications for service on the Board; and (e) performs the following governance responsibilities: (i) reviews and makes recommendations to the full Board regarding the compensation of Trustees and the Chief Compliance Officer; and (ii) monitors the independence of legal counsel for the Independent Trustees. The Nominating Committee held four meetings during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2004. The Audit Committee, pursuant to a Charter adopted by the Board, oversees the Trust’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices, its internal controls and internal controls of certain service providers; oversees the quality and objectivity of the Trust’s financial statements and the independent audit thereof; ascertains the independence of the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm; acts as liaison between the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm and the full Board of Trustees and provides immediate access for the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm to report any special matters they believe should be brought to the attention of the full Board of Trustees. The Audit Committee met three times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2004. The Administrative Committee, pursuant to a Charter adopted by the Board, develops, recommends to the Board, and periodically reviews, as needed, guidelines on corporate governance matters. The Administrative Committee was formed in 2005. The full Board met four times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2004. Each Trustee identified above attended all of the Board and Committee meetings of which he or she is a member and was eligible.

 

The table below sets forth information regarding the Trustees’ beneficial ownership of Fund shares, based on the value of such shares as of December 31, 2004.

 

Name of Trustee


  

The Dollar Range of Equity
Securities Beneficially Owned

in the Trust


 

Aggregate Dollar Range of

Equity Securities in All Registered

Investment Companies

Overseen by Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies


Disinterested Trustees

        

Ronald J. Abdow

   None   None

Nabil N. El-Hage

   $10,001–$50,000   $10,001–$50,000

Maria D. Furman

   Over $100,000   Over $100,000

Steven A. Kandarian**

   None   Over $100,000

C. Ann Merrifield

   None   None

Richard A. Nenneman*

   None   None

Corine T. Norgaard

   None   $10,001–$50,000

Interested Trustees

        

Susan A. Alfano***

   Over $100,000   Over $100,000

Kevin M. McClintock

   None****   None

*   Retired as of December 31, 2004.
**   Resigned as of April 8, 2005.
***   Resigned as of June 2, 2005.
****   Mr. Kevin M. McClintock participates in a deferred compensation plan in which $10,001-50,000 is tied to the performance of shares of the MassMutual Premier Small Company Opportunities Fund. Mr. McClintock is neither the record holder nor beneficial holder of shares of the MassMutual Premier Small Company Opportunities Fund, although he does maintain an economic interest in the MassMutual Premier Small Company Opportunities Fund by virtue of this deferred compensation plan.

 

30


Table of Contents

Except as noted below, the Trust pays each Trustee who is not an officer or employee of MassMutual, Babson Capital, Baring or OppenheimerFunds, Inc. (“OFI”), a fee for his or her services. The Trustees periodically review their fees to assure that such fees continue to be appropriate in light of their responsibilities as well as in relation to fees paid to Trustees of other mutual fund complexes. The fees paid to each Trustee by the Trust for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2004 are shown below:

 

Name of Trustee


  

Aggregate

Compensation

from Trust1


  

Pension or Retirement

Benefits Accrued as

part of Fund Expenses


  

Total Compensation

from Fund and

Fund Complex Paid

to Trustees


Nabil N. El-Hage

   $ 20,000    N/A    $ 20,000

Richard A. Nenneman2

     20,000    N/A      20,000

Richard J. Phelps3

     1,000    N/A      1,000

Steven A. Kandarian4

     15,000    N/A      15,000

Kevin M. McClintock5

     0    N/A      0

Maria D. Furman

   $ 10,000    N/A    $ 10,000

(1)   Includes an annual retainer payable by the Trust to each Trustee who is not an officer or employee of MassMutual, Babson Capital, Baring or OFI of $16,000 and a per meeting attendance fee of $1,000. Mr. Ronald J. Abdow, Ms. Susan A. Alfano, Ms. C. Ann Merrifield and Ms. Corine T. Norgaard were not Trustees during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2004. Effective November 1, 2004, the annual retainer was changed to $20,000, and the per meeting attendance fee was changed to $6000 per meeting attended in-person, or $1000 per meeting attended by telephone. Those Trustees who serve on a committee of the Trust are paid an additional fee of $1,000 per meeting attended, and committee chairpersons receive an additional annual retainer of $5000.
(2)   Retired as of December 31, 2004.
(3)   Retired as of December 31, 2003.
(4)   Resigned as of April 8, 2005. Mr. Kandarian, although not an officer or employee of MassMutual, Babson Capital, Baring or OFI, was not paid an annual retainer or a per meeting attendance fee in 2003 due to his employment with the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (“PBGC”). He resigned from the PBGC effective February 2004. As a result of Mr. Kandarian’s resignation from the PBGC, the PBGC’s ethics rules no longer prohibit him from receiving compensation for his services as a Trustee of the Trust, and the Trust began to compensate Mr. Kandarian in accordance with its policies governing compensation beginning in 2004.
(5)   Mr. McClintock, as an employee of Babson Capital, received no compensation for his role as Trustee to the Trust.

 

31


Table of Contents

INVESTMENT ADVISER AND SUB-ADVISERS

 

Investment Adviser

 

MassMutual serves as investment adviser to each Fund pursuant to Investment Management Agreements with the Trust on behalf of the Funds (each, an “Advisory Agreement”). Under each Advisory Agreement, MassMutual is obligated to provide for the management of each Fund’s portfolio of securities, subject to policies established by the Trustees of the Trust and in accordance with each Fund’s investment objective, policies and restrictions as set forth herein and in the Prospectus, and has the right to select sub-advisers to the Funds pursuant to an investment sub-advisory agreement (the “Sub-Advisory Agreement”).

 

Each Advisory Agreement may be terminated at any time without the payment of any penalty by the Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, or by MassMutual, on sixty days’ written notice. In addition, each Advisory Agreement automatically terminates if it is assigned or if its continuance is not specifically approved at least annually (after its initial 2 year period): (1) by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Trustees or by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Fund’s shares, and (2) by an affirmative vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust. MassMutual’s liability regarding its investment management obligations and duties is limited to situations involving its willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of such obligations and duties.

 

MassMutual also serves as investment adviser to: MassMutual Premier Value Fund, MassMutual Premier Core Bond Fund, MassMutual Premier Small Company Opportunities Fund, MassMutual Premier Balanced Fund, MassMutual Premier Diversified Bond Fund, MassMutual Premier Short-Duration Bond Fund, MassMutual Premier Money Market Fund, MassMutual Premier Inflation-Protected Bond Fund, MassMutual Premier International Equity Fund, MassMutual Premier Core Growth Fund, MassMutual Premier Enhanced Index Core Fund, MassMutual Premier Enhanced Index Growth Fund, MassMutual Premier Enhanced Index Value Fund, MassMutual Premier Enhanced Index Value Fund II, MassMutual Premier High Yield Fund, MassMutual Premier Small Cap Value Fund, MassMutual Premier Strategic Income Fund, MassMutual Premier Main Street Fund, MassMutual Premier Capital Appreciation Fund and MassMutual Premier Global Fund, which are other series of MassMutual Premier Funds; MassMutual Select Strategic Bond Fund, MassMutual Select Strategic Balanced Fund, MassMutual Select Diversified Value Fund, MassMutual Select Fundamental Value Fund, MassMutual Select Value Equity Fund, MassMutual Select Large Cap Value Fund, MassMutual Select Indexed Equity Fund, MassMutual Select Blue Chip Growth Fund, MassMutual Select Large Cap Growth Fund, MassMutual Select Growth Equity Fund, MassMutual Select Aggressive Growth Fund, MassMutual Select OTC 100 Fund, MassMutual Select Focused Value Fund, MassMutual Select Small Company Value Fund, MassMutual Select Mid Cap Growth Equity Fund, MassMutual Select Mid Cap Growth Equity II Fund, MassMutual Select Small Cap Growth Equity Fund, MassMutual Select Small Company Growth Fund, MassMutual Select Emerging Growth Fund, MassMutual Select Overseas Fund, MassMutual Select Destination Retirement Income Fund, MassMutual Select Destination Retirement 2010 Fund, MassMutual Select Destination Retirement 2020 Fund, MassMutual Select Destination Retirement 2030 Fund and MassMutual Select Destination Retirement 2040 Fund, which are series of MassMutual Select Funds, an open-end management investment company; MML Money Market Fund, MML Inflation-Protected Bond Fund, MML Equity Fund, MML Managed Bond Fund, MML Blend Fund, MML Enhanced Index Core Equity Fund, MML Small Cap Equity Fund and MML Small Company Opportunities Fund, which are series of MML Series Investment Fund II, an open-end management investment company; MML Equity Index Fund, , MML Large Cap Value Fund, MML Growth Equity Fund, MML Small Cap Growth Equity Fund, MML Emerging Growth Fund and MML OTC 100 Fund, which are series of MML Series Investment Fund, an open-end management investment company; certain wholly owned subsidiaries of MassMutual; and various employee benefit plans and separate investment accounts in which employee benefit plans invest.

 

The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, pays MassMutual an investment advisory fee monthly, at an annual rate based upon the average daily net assets of that Fund as follows: .80% for the Mid-Cap Value Fund and .90% for the Focused International Fund.

 

32


Table of Contents

Affiliated Investment Sub-advisers

 

Babson Capital is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MassMutual Holding LLC, a controlled subsidiary of MassMutual. MassMutual will pay Babson Capital a sub-advisory fee equal to an annual rate of .40% of the average daily net assets of the Mid-Cap Value Fund. For the Focused International Fund, MassMutual will pay Baring a sub-advisory fee equal to an annual rate of .55% of the average daily net assets of the Fund.

 

Securities held by the Funds are also frequently held by MassMutual investment accounts and by other investment companies and accounts for which MassMutual, Babson Capital or Baring acts as investment adviser or investment sub-adviser. If the same security is purchased or sold for any Fund and such accounts or companies at or about the same time, such purchases or sales normally will be combined, to the extent practicable, and will be allocated as nearly as practicable on a pro rata basis in proportion to the amounts to be purchased or sold for each. In determining the amounts to be purchased and sold, the main factors to be considered will be the investment objectives of the respective portfolios, the relative size of portfolio holdings of the same or comparable security, availability of cash for investment by the various portfolios and the size of their respective investment commitments. It is believed that the ability of the Funds to participate in larger volume transactions will, in most cases, produce better execution for the Funds. In some cases, however, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price and amount of a security available to a Fund or the price at which a security may be sold. It is the opinion of the Trust’s management that such execution advantage and the desirability of retaining MassMutual, Babson Capital and Baring as Adviser and as investment sub-advisers, respectively, of the Funds outweighs the disadvantages, if any, which might result from this procedure.

 

At a meeting held on September 22, 2005, the Board of Trustees of the Trust, including the disinterested Trustees, approved the Advisory Agreements and Sub-Advisory Agreements of the Funds, subject to approval by the shareholders of each of the Funds of the Advisory Agreements and Sub-Advisory Agreements.

 

In approving the Advisory Agreements, the Trustees first took note of the fact that the Adviser would delegate all responsibility for furnishing a continuous investment program for the Funds, and making investment decisions with respect to a Fund’s assets, to Babson Capital or Baring, as applicable. The Trustees then examined the Adviser’s ability to provide investment oversight, administrative and shareholder services to the Funds. The Trustees also considered the experience and qualifications of the personnel of the Adviser that would be performing, or overseeing the performance of, the services to be provided to the Funds and the needs of the Funds for administrative and shareholder services. Based on the above, the Trustees concluded that the human resources to be devoted by the Adviser were appropriate to fulfill effectively its duties under the Advisory Agreements.

 

The Trustees considered a number of factors they believed to be relevant to the interests of shareholders of the Funds. Such factors included (i) the ability of the Adviser to monitor the operations and performance of each Fund’s sub-adviser, (ii) the financial condition, stability and business strategy of the Adviser, (iii) the ability of the Adviser with respect to regulatory compliance and the ability to monitor compliance with the investment policies of the Funds, (iv) possible economies of scale, and (v) any conditions affecting the Adviser’s future provision of high quality services to the Funds. The Trustees concluded that the anticipated scope and quality of the services to be provided by the Adviser were sufficient, in light of market conditions, the resources to be dedicated by the Adviser and its integrity, personnel, and financial resources, to merit approval of the Advisory Agreements.

 

In reaching that conclusion, the Trustees also reviewed the advisory fees and other expenses of the Funds against such fees for a peer group of funds with similar investment objectives. For these purposes, the Trustees took into account not only the actual dollar amount of fees to be paid by the Funds to the Adviser, but also took into account the estimated profitability of the Funds to the Adviser and the so-called “fallout benefits” to the Adviser, such as any reputational value derived from serving as investment adviser to the Funds. Additionally, the Trustees were informed that the Adviser may receive research services from brokers in connection with

 

33


Table of Contents

portfolio securities transactions for the Funds and that research services furnished by brokers through which the Funds effect securities transactions may be used by the Adviser in advising other accounts that it advises. Conversely, research services furnished to the Adviser in connection with other accounts the Adviser advises may be used by the Adviser in advising the Funds. Based on the foregoing, the Trustees concluded that the fees to be paid to the Adviser under the Advisory Agreements were fair and reasonable, given the anticipated scope and quality of the services to be rendered by the Adviser.

 

In approving the Sub-Advisory Agreements, the Trustees considered a wide range of information about, among other things: Babson Capital and Baring and their respective personnel with responsibilities for providing services to each Fund; the terms of the sub-advisory agreements; the fees payable to each sub-adviser by the Adviser; and the total expense ratio of each Fund and of similar funds managed by other advisers. Additionally, the Trustees were informed that each sub-adviser may receive research services from brokers in connection with portfolio securities transactions for the Funds and that research services furnished by brokers through which the Funds effect securities transactions may be used by each sub-adviser in advising other accounts that it advises. Conversely, research services furnished to each sub-adviser in connection with other accounts each sub-adviser advises may be used by each sub-adviser in advising the Funds. In addition, the Trustees considered the scope and quality of services to be provided to the Funds under the Sub-Advisory Agreements. Based on the foregoing, the Trustees concluded that the investment processes, research capabilities and philosophies of each sub-adviser would be well suited to each Fund, given their investment objectives and policies.

 

Following their review, the Trustees determined that the terms of the Advisory Agreements and Sub-Advisory Agreements were fair and reasonable with respect to each Fund and were in the best interests of each Fund’s shareholders. After carefully considering the information summarized above, the Trustees, including the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, the Adviser, Babson Capital or Baring (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act), unanimously voted to approve the Advisory Agreements and the Sub-Advisory Agreements.

 

In their deliberations with respect to these matters, the Disinterested Trustees were advised by their counsel, who was determined by the Disinterested Trustees to be “independent legal counsel” within the meaning and intent of the SEC rules regarding the independence of counsel.

 

The Trustees weighed the foregoing matters in light of the advice given to them by their independent legal counsel as to the law applicable to the review of investment advisory contracts. In arriving at a decision, the Trustees, including the Disinterested Trustees, did not identify any single matter as all-important or controlling. The foregoing summary does not detail all of the matters considered.

 

34


Table of Contents

ADMINISTRATOR AND SUB-ADMINISTRATOR

 

MassMutual has entered into an administrative services agreement (the “Administrative Services Agreement”) with the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, pursuant to which MassMutual is obligated to provide all necessary administrative and shareholder services and to bear some expenses of the Funds, such as federal and state registration fees. MassMutual may, at its expense, employ others to supply all or any part of the services to be provided to the Funds pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement. The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, pays MassMutual an administrative services fee monthly at an annual rate based upon the average daily net assets of the applicable class of shares of the Funds which are .45% for Class N shares; .30% for Class A shares; .30% for Class L shares; .15% for Class Y shares and .15% for Class S shares. MassMutual has entered into a sub-administration agreement with Investors Bank & Trust Company (“IBT”). As sub-administrator, IBT generally assists in all aspects of fund administration and is compensated by MassMutual for providing administrative services to the Funds.

 

THE DISTRIBUTOR

 

The Funds’ shares are continuously distributed by MML Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), located at 1414 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01144-1013, pursuant to a General Distributor’s Agreement with the Trust dated as of October 12, 2004 (the “Distribution Agreement”). The Distributor pays commissions to its selling dealers as well as the costs of printing and mailing Prospectuses to potential investors and of any advertising incurred by it in connection with distribution of shares of the Funds. The Distributor is a majority-owned subsidiary of MassMutual.

 

The Distribution Agreement will continue in effect for an initial two-year period, and thereafter for successive one-year periods, provided that each such continuance is specifically approved (i) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the shares of the Trust; and (ii) by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Distribution Agreement or interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such person, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

 

The Distributor has also entered into a Sub-Distributor’s Agreement with OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc. (the “Sub-Distributor”) dated as of October 29, 2004. The Sub-Distributor is an affiliate of the Distributor and an indirect majority-owned subsidiary of MassMutual.

 

MassMutual may make payments, out of its own assets, to securities dealers and other firms that enter into agreements providing the Distributor with access to representatives of those firms for the sale of shares of the Funds or with other marketing or administrative services with respect to the Funds. These payments may be a specific dollar amount, may be based on the number of customer accounts maintained by a firm, or may be based on a percentage of the value of shares of the Funds sold to, or held by, customers of the firm.

 

CLASS A AND CLASS N DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLANS

 

The Trust has adopted, with respect to the Class A and Class N shares of each of the Funds, a Distribution and Service Plan and Agreement (the “Plans”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. The Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plans, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plans, approved the Class A Plan and the Class N Plan for the Funds on September 22, 2005. Under the terms of each of the Class A Plans, the Trust is permitted to compensate, out of the assets attributable to the Class A shares of a Fund, in an amount up to .25%, in the aggregate, on an annual basis of the average daily net assets attributable to that Class, (i) the Distributor for services provided and expenses incurred by it in connection with the distribution of Class A shares of a Fund (“Distribution Fee”) and (ii) MassMutual for services provided and expenses incurred by it for purposes of maintaining or providing personal services (the

 

35


Table of Contents

“Servicing Fee”) to Class A shareholders. Under the terms of each of the Class N Plans, the Trust is permitted to compensate, out of the assets attributable to the Class N shares of a Fund, (i) a Distribution Fee in an amount up to .25%, in the aggregate, on an annual basis of the average daily net assets attributable to that Class and (ii) a Servicing Fee in an amount up to .25%, in the aggregate, on an annual basis of the average daily net assets attributable to that Class. The Distribution Fee may be spent by the Distributor on any activities or expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of Class A or Class N shares of a Fund, including, but not limited to, compensation to, and expenses (including overhead and telephone expenses) of, financial consultants or other employees of the Distributor or of participating or introducing brokers who engage in the distribution of Class A or Class N shares, preparing, printing and delivering prospectuses and reports for other than existing Class A or Class N shareholders, providing facilities to answer questions from other than existing Class A or Class N shareholders, advertising and preparation, printing and distribution of sales literature, receiving and answering correspondence, including requests for prospectuses and statements of additional information, and complying with Federal and state securities laws pertaining to the sale of Class A or Class N shares. The Servicing Fee may be spent by MassMutual on personal services rendered to Class A or Class N shareholders of a Fund and/or maintenance of Class A or Class N shareholder accounts. MassMutual’s Servicing Fee expenditures may include, but shall not be limited to, compensation to, and expenses (including telephone and overhead expenses) of agents or employees of MassMutual or the Distributor, pension consultants or participating or introducing brokers and other financial intermediaries who assist investors in completing account forms and selecting dividend and other account options; who aid in the processing of redemption requests for Class A or Class N shares or the processing of dividend payments with respect to Class A or Class N shares; who prepare, print and deliver prospectuses and shareholder reports to Class A or Class N shareholders; who oversee compliance with federal and state laws pertaining to the sale of Class A or Class N shares; who provide information periodically to Class A or Class N shareholders showing their position in Class A or Class N shares; who issue account statements to Class A or Class N shareholders; who furnish shareholder sub-accounting; who forward communications from a Fund to Class A or Class N shareholders; who render advice regarding particular shareholder account options offered by a Fund in light of shareholder needs; who provide and maintain elective shareholder services; who provide and maintain pre-authorized investment plans for Class A or Class N shareholders; who respond to inquiries from Class A or Class N shareholders relating to such services; and/or who provide such similar services as permitted under applicable statutes, rules or regulations.

 

Each Plan provides that it may not be amended to materially increase the costs which Class A or Class N shareholders may bear under the Plan without the approval of a majority of the outstanding Class A or Class N shares of the Fund.

 

Each Plan provides that it may not take effect until approved by vote of a majority of both (i) the Trustees of the Trust and (ii) the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or any agreements related to it. Each Plan provides that it shall continue in effect so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the Trustees of the Trust and (ii) the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or any agreements related to it. Each Plan provides that MassMutual shall provide to the Trustees, and the Board shall review at least quarterly, a written report of the amounts so expended and the purposes for which such expenditures were made.

 

CUSTODIAN, DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT AND TRANSFER AGENT

 

IBT, located at 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116, is the custodian of the Funds’ investments (the “Custodian”) and is the Funds’ transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent (the “Transfer Agent”). As custodian, IBT has custody of the Funds’ securities and maintains certain financial and accounting books and records. The Custodian and the Transfer Agent do not assist in, and are not responsible for, the investment decisions and policies of the Funds.

 

36


Table of Contents

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

Deloitte & Touche LLP, located at 200 Berkley Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02116, is the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm.

 

CODES OF ETHICS

 

The Trust, MassMutual, the Distributor, Babson Capital and Baring have each adopted a code of ethics (the “Codes of Ethics”) pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. The Codes of Ethics permit Fund personnel to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by a Fund, for their own accounts, but require compliance with various pre-clearance requirements (with certain exceptions). The Codes of Ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

Purchases and sales of securities on a securities exchange are effected by brokers, and each Fund which purchases or sells securities on a securities exchange it will pay a brokerage commission for this service. In transactions on stock exchanges in the United States, these commissions are negotiated, whereas on many foreign stock exchanges these commissions are fixed. In the over-the-counter markets, securities are generally traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission, although the price of the security usually includes a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are purchased at a fixed price which includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s concession or discount. On occasion, certain money market instruments may be purchased directly from an issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid.

 

The primary consideration in placing portfolio security transactions with broker-dealers for execution is to obtain and maintain the availability of execution at the most favorable prices and in the most effective manner possible. Each of the Fund’s sub-advisers attempts to achieve this result by selecting broker-dealers to execute portfolio transactions on the basis of their professional capability, the value and quality of their brokerage services, including anonymity and trade confidentiality, and the level of their brokerage commissions.

 

Under each Sub-Advisory Agreement and as permitted by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, a sub-adviser may cause a Fund to pay a broker-dealer that provides brokerage and research services to the sub-adviser an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction for a Fund in excess of the amount other broker-dealers would have charged for the transaction if the sub-adviser determines in good faith that the greater commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the executing broker-dealer viewed in terms of either a particular transaction or the sub-adviser’s overall responsibilities to the Trust and to its other clients. The term “brokerage and research services” includes: providing advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities, and the availability of securities or of purchasers or sellers of securities; furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and the performance of accounts; and effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto such as clearance and settlement.

 

Research provided by brokers is used for the benefit of all of the sub-adviser’s clients and not solely or necessarily for the benefit of the Trust. The sub-advisers attempt to evaluate the quality of Research provided by brokers. Results of this effort are sometimes used by the sub-advisers as a consideration in the selection of brokers to execute portfolio transactions.

 

The investment advisory fee that the Trust pays on behalf of each Fund to MassMutual will not be reduced as a consequence of a sub-adviser’s receipt of brokerage and research services. To the extent the Trust’s portfolio

 

37


Table of Contents

transactions are used to obtain such services, the brokerage commissions paid by the Trust will exceed those that might otherwise be paid, by an amount which cannot now be determined. Such services would be useful and of value to a sub-adviser in serving both the Trust and other clients and, conversely, such services obtained by the placement of brokerage business of other clients would be useful to a sub-adviser in carrying out its obligations to the Trust.

 

Subject to the overriding objective of obtaining the best execution of orders, the Funds may use broker-dealer affiliates of their respective sub-advisers to effect portfolio brokerage transactions under procedures adopted by the Trustees. Pursuant to these procedures, the commission rates and other remuneration paid to the affiliated broker-dealer must be fair and reasonable in comparison to those of other broker-dealers for comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold during a comparable time period. This standard would allow the affiliated broker or dealer to receive no more than the remuneration which would be expected to be received by an unaffiliated broker.

 

The Funds may allocate brokerage transactions to broker-dealers (including affiliates of their respective sub-advisers) who have entered into arrangements with the Trust under which the broker-dealer allocates a portion of the commissions paid by a Fund toward the reduction of that Fund’s expenses. The transaction quality must, however, be comparable to that of other qualified broker-dealers. These arrangements do not effect the Funds’ brokerage costs.

 

SHAREHOLDER INVESTMENT ACCOUNT

 

A Shareholder Investment Account is established for each investor in the Funds. Each account contains a record of the shares of the Fund maintained by the Transfer Agent. No share certificate will be issued. Whenever a transaction takes place in the Shareholder Investment Account, the investor will be mailed a statement showing the transaction and the status of the account.

 

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

 

The Trust, an open-end, management investment company, is organized as a Massachusetts business trust under the laws of Massachusetts by an Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 1, 1994, as amended. A copy of the Declaration of Trust is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Each Fund is a diversified series of the Trust. The fiscal year for each Fund ends on October 31.

 

The Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees, without shareholder approval, to issue an unlimited number of shares and divide those shares into an unlimited number of series of shares, representing separate investment portfolios with rights determined by the Trustees. Each Fund’s shares represent equal proportionate interests in the assets and liabilities belonging to that Fund. Shares of the Funds are transferable and have no preemptive, subscription or conversion rights. Shares of the Funds are entitled to dividends as declared by the Trustees. In the event of liquidation of a Fund, the Trustees would distribute, after paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses and liabilities belonging to the Fund, the remaining assets belonging to the Fund ratably among the holders of outstanding shares of the Fund. The Trustees have currently authorized the issuance of an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of 22 series: MassMutual Premier Money Market Fund, MassMutual Premier Short-Duration Bond Fund, MassMutual Premier Inflation-Protected Bond Fund, MassMutual Premier Core Bond Fund, MassMutual Premier Diversified Bond Fund, MassMutual Premier Strategic Income Fund, MassMutual Premier High Yield Fund, MassMutual Premier Balanced Fund, MassMutual Premier Value Fund, MassMutual Premier Enhanced Index Value Fund, MassMutual Premier Enhanced Index Value Fund II, MassMutual Premier Enhanced Index Core Equity Fund, MassMutual Premier Main Street Fund, MassMutual Premier Capital Appreciation Fund, MassMutual Premier Core Growth Fund, MassMutual Premier Enhanced Index Growth Fund, MassMutual Premier Small Capitalization Value Fund, MassMutual Premier Small Company Opportunities Fund, MassMutual Premier Global Fund, MassMutual

 

38


Table of Contents

Premier International Equity Fund, MassMutual Premier Mid-Cap Value Fund and MassMutual Premier Focused International Fund.

 

The Trustees may divide the shares of any series into two or more classes having such preferences or special or relative rights and privileges as the Trustees may determine, without obtaining shareholder approval. This power is intended to allow the Trustees to provide for an equitable allocation of the effect of any future regulatory requirements that might affect various classes of shareholders differently. All shares of a particular class of a Fund represent an equal proportionate interest in the assets and liabilities belonging to that Fund allocable to that class. The Trustees have currently authorized the establishment and designation of up to 5 classes of shares for each series of the Trust: Class A Shares, Class L Shares, Class N Shares, Class S Shares and Class Y Shares.

 

The Trustees may also, without shareholder approval, combine two or more existing series or classes into a single series or class.

 

The Declaration of Trust provides for the perpetual existence of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust, however, provides that the Trust may be terminated at any time by vote of at least 50% of the shares of each series entitled to vote and voting separately by series or by the Trustees by written notice to the shareholders of such series. Any series of the Trust may be terminated by vote of at least 50% of shareholders of that series or by the Trustees by written notice to the shareholders of that series.

 

Shares of the New Fund entitle their holders to one vote per share, with fractional shares voting proportionally, in the election of Trustees and the termination of the Trust and on other matters submitted to the vote of shareholders. Shareholder votes by individual series on all matters, except when, as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law or as specifically required under the Declaration of Trust or Bylaws or as otherwise determined by the Trustees, shares will be voted in the aggregate and not by individual series. A separate vote will be taken by the applicable Fund on matters affecting the particular Fund, as determined by the Trustees. For example, a change in a fundamental investment policy for a particular Fund would be voted upon only by shareholders of that Fund. In addition, a separate vote will be taken by the applicable class of a Fund on matters affecting the particular class, as determined by the Trustees. For example, the adoption of distribution plan relating to a particular class and requiring shareholder approval would be voted upon only by shareholders of that class. Shares of each Fund have noncumulative voting rights with respect to the election of trustees.

 

The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of its shareholders. However, special meetings of the shareholders may be called for the purpose of electing Trustees and for such other purposes as may be prescribed by law, by the Declaration of Trust, or by the Bylaws. There will normally be no meetings of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees except that the Trust will hold a shareholders’ meeting for the election of Trustees at such time as less than a majority of the Trustees holding office have been elected by shareholders. Each Trustee will serve until he or she dies, resigns or is removed, or, if sooner, until the next meeting of shareholders called for the purpose of electing Trustees and until the election and qualification of his or her successor.

 

No amendment may be made to the Declaration of Trust without an affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust except (i) to change the name of the Trust or to cure technical problems in the Declaration of Trust; (ii) to establish and designate new series or classes of Trust shares; or (iii) to add, delete, replace or otherwise modify any provisions relating to shares of the Trust contained in the Declaration of Trust in response to applicable laws or regulations.

 

Under Massachusetts law, shareholders of a Massachusetts business trust could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the trust. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims liability of the shareholders, Trustees or officers for acts or obligations of the Trust, which are binding only on the assets and property of the Trust, and require that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, contract, instrument, or certificate entered into or executed by the Trust, or its Trustees or officers. In

 

39


Table of Contents

addition, the Declaration of Trust provides that shareholders of a Fund are entitled to indemnification out of the assets of their Fund to the extent that they are held personally liable for the obligations of their Fund solely by reason of being or having been a shareholder. Thus, the risk of a shareholder of a Fund incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is considered remote since it is limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer is inoperative and his or her Fund is unable to meet its obligations.

 

The Declaration of Trust also permits the Trustees to charge shareholders directly for custodial, transfer agency and servicing expenses, but the Trustees have no present intention to make such charges.

 

The Declaration of Trust further provides that a Trustee will not be personally liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to which the Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of his or her own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. The Declaration of Trust also provides for indemnification of each of its Trustees and officers, except that such Trustees and officers may not be indemnified against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.

 

REDEMPTION OF SHARES

 

With respect to each Fund, the Trustees may suspend the right of redemption, postpone the date of payment or suspend the determination of net asset value: (a) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than for customary weekend and holiday closing); (b) for any period during which trading in the markets the Fund normally uses is, as determined by the SEC, restricted; (c) when an emergency exists as determined by the SEC so that disposal of the Fund’s investments or a determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable; or (d) for such other periods as the SEC by order may permit for the protection of the Trust’s shareholders.

 

VALUATION OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES

 

The net asset value per share of each Fund is determined by the Custodian at 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on each day the NYSE is open for trading and the Custodian is open for business. The NYSE currently is not open for trading on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, President’s Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day and on occasion is closed early or entirely due to weather or other conditions.

 

Equity securities are valued on the basis of valuations furnished by a pricing service, authorized by the Board of Trustees, which provides the last reported sale price for securities listed on a national securities exchange or the official closing price on the NASDAQ National Market System, or in the case of over-the-counter securities not so listed, the last reported bid price. Debt securities (other than short-term obligations with a remaining maturity of sixty days or less) are valued on the basis of valuations furnished by a pricing service, authorized by the Board of Trustees, which determines valuations taking into account appropriate factors such as institutional-size trading in similar groups of securities, yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of issue, trading characteristics and other market data. Money market obligations with a remaining maturity of sixty days or less are valued at amortized cost unless such value does not represent fair value. All other securities and other assets, including debt securities the prices for which are supplied by a pricing agent but are deemed by MassMutual not to be representative of market values, but excluding money market instruments with a remaining maturity of sixty days or less and including some restricted securities and securities for which no market quotation is available, are valued at fair value in accordance with procedures approved by and determined in good faith by the Trustees, although the actual calculation may be done by others. The use of fair value pricing by a Fund may cause the net asset value of its shares to differ significantly from the net asset value that would be calculated using current market values. Valuation methods approved by the Board of Trustees which are intended

 

40


Table of Contents

to reflect fair value may be used when pricing service information is not readily available or when a security’s value is believed to have been materially affected by a significant event, such as a natural disaster, an economic event like a bankruptcy filing, or a substantial fluctuation in domestic or foreign markets, that has occurred after the close of the exchange or market on which the security is principally traded (for example, a foreign exchange or market). In such a case, the Fund’s value for a security is likely to be different from the last quoted market price or pricing service information. In addition, for each of the Trust’s foreign funds, a fair value pricing service is used to assist in the pricing of foreign securities. Due to the subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, it is possible that the value determined for a particular asset may be materially different from the value realized upon such asset’s sale.

 

Portfolio securities traded on more than one U.S. national securities exchange or foreign securities exchange are valued at the last price on the business day as of which such value is being determined at the close of the exchange representing the principal market for such securities. All assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currencies will be converted into U.S. dollars at the mean between the buying and selling rates of such currencies against U.S. dollars last quoted by any major bank. If such quotations are not available, the rate of exchange will be determined in accordance with policies established by the Trustees.

 

Foreign Securities: Because of time zone differences, foreign exchanges and securities markets will usually be closed before the closing of the NYSE. Therefore, the Trust will determine the value of foreign securities as of the closing of those exchanges and securities markets. Events affecting the values of foreign securities, however, may occasionally occur between the closings of such exchanges and securities markets and the time a Fund determines its net asset value. If an event occurs that a Fund determines materially affects the value of foreign securities during this period, then the Trust will value such securities at fair value as determined in good faith in accordance with procedures adopted by the Trustees. In addition, the Funds may hold portfolio securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the Funds do not accept orders or price their shares. As a result, the value of any such securities held by a Fund may change on days when you will not be able to purchase or redeem that Fund’s shares.

 

The prices of foreign securities are quoted in foreign currencies. The Trust converts the values of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars at the rate of exchange prevailing at the time it determines net asset value. Changes in the exchange rate, therefore, if applicable, will affect the net asset value of shares of a Fund even when there has been no change in the values of the foreign securities measured in terms of the currency in which they are denominated.

 

The proceeds received by each Fund for each issue or sale of its shares, all net investment income, and realized and unrealized gain will be specifically allocated to such Fund and constitute the underlying assets of that Fund. The underlying assets of each Fund will be segregated on the books of account, and will be charged with the liabilities in respect of such Fund and with a share of the general liabilities of the Trust. Expenses with respect to any two or more Funds are to be allocated in proportion to the net asset values of the respective funds except where allocations of direct expenses can otherwise be fairly made. Each class of shares of a Fund will be charged with liabilities directly attributable to such class, and other Fund expenses are to be allocated in proportion to the net asset values of the respective classes.

 

TAXATION

 

Each Fund intends to qualify each year and elect to be taxed as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to qualify as a “regulated investment company,” a Fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, and other income (including gains from forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies; (b) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its taxable net investment

 

41


Table of Contents

income, its net tax-exempt income, and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses for such year; and (c) diversify its holdings so that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, and other securities limited generally with respect to any one issuer to not more than 5% of the total assets of the Fund and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer or two or more issuers which a Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses (other than U.S. Government securities). If a Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company, it will be treated as an ordinary corporation for Federal income tax purposes.

 

As a regulated investment company electing to have its tax liability determined under Subchapter M, in general a Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on its ordinary income or capital gains that are distributed. As a series of a Massachusetts business trust, a Fund under present law will not be subject to any excise or income taxes imposed by Massachusetts.

 

If a Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment, that Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on income paid to its shareholders in the form of dividends (including capital gain dividends).

 

If a Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year, that Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, that Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.

 

An excise tax at the rate of 4% will be imposed on the excess, if any, of each Fund’s “required distribution” over its actual distributions in any calendar year. Generally, the “required distribution” is 98% of the Fund’s ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98% of its capital gain net income recognized during the one-year period ending on October 31 (or later, if the Fund is permitted to elect and so elects) plus undistributed amounts from prior years. Each Fund intends to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax. Distributions declared by a Fund during October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in any such month and paid by the Fund during the following January will be treated for federal tax purposes as paid by the Fund and received by shareholders on December 31 of the year in which declared.

 

Except in the case of certain shareholders eligible for preferential tax treatment, e.g., qualified retirement or pension trusts, shareholders of each Fund will be subject to federal income taxes on distributions made by the Fund whether received in cash or additional shares of the Fund. Distributions by each Fund of net income and short-term capital gains, if any, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Properly designated distributions of long-term capital gains, if any, will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains, without regard to how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. Long-term capital gains have temporarily been reduced—in general, to 15% with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% brackets—through December 31, 2008.

 

Each Fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable dividends and other distributions paid to and proceeds of share sales, exchanges, or redemptions made by any individual shareholder who fails to furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number (TIN), who has under-reported dividends or interest income, or who fails to certify to the Fund that he or she is a United States person and is not subject to such withholding. Pursuant to recently enacted tax legislation, the backup withholding tax rate is 28% for amounts paid through 2010. The backup withholding tax rate will be 31% for amounts paid after December 31, 2010.

 

42


Table of Contents

Dividends and distributions on Fund shares received shortly after their purchase, although in effect a return of capital, are subject to federal income taxes. Investment income and gains received by a Fund from sources outside the United States might be subject to foreign taxes which are withheld at the source. The effective rate of these foreign taxes cannot be determined in advance because it depends on the specific countries in which its assets will be invested, the amount of the assets invested in each such country and the possible applicability of treaty relief.

 

The Focused International Fund may be eligible to make an election under Section 853 of the Code so that any of its shareholders subject to federal income taxes will be able to claim a credit or deduction on their income tax returns for, and will be required to treat as part of the amounts distributed to them, their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by the Fund to foreign countries. The ability of shareholders of the Fund to claim a foreign tax credit is subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, which in general limits the amount of foreign tax that may be used to reduce a shareholder’s U.S. tax liability to that amount of U.S. tax which would be imposed on the amount and type of income in respect of which the foreign tax was paid. In addition, the ability of shareholders to claim a foreign tax credit is subject to a holding period requirement. A shareholder who for U.S. income tax purposes claims a foreign tax credit in respect of Fund distributions may not claim a deduction for foreign taxes paid by the Fund, regardless of whether the shareholder itemizes deductions. Also, no deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed by shareholders who do not itemize deductions on their federal income tax returns. It should also be noted that a tax-exempt shareholder, like other shareholders, will be required to treat as part of the amounts distributed to it a pro rata portion of the income taxes paid by the Fund to foreign countries. However, that income will generally be exempt from U.S. taxation by virtue of such shareholder’s tax-exempt status and such a shareholder will not be entitled to either a tax credit or a deduction with respect to such income. The Focused International Fund will notify its shareholders each year of the amount of dividends and distributions and the shareholder’s pro rata share of qualified taxes paid by the Fund to foreign countries. Investment by the Fund in “passive foreign investment companies” could subject the Fund to a U.S. federal income tax or other charge on the proceeds from the sale of its investment in such a company; however, this tax can be avoided by making an election to mark such investments to market annually or to treat the passive foreign investment company as a “qualified electing fund.”

 

Redemptions and exchanges of each Fund’s shares are taxable events and, accordingly, shareholders subject to federal income taxes may realize gains and losses on these transactions. If shares have been held for more than one year, gain or loss realized will be long-term capital gain or loss, provided the shareholder holds the shares as a capital asset. However, a loss on the sale of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gain dividend paid to the shareholder with respect to such shares. Furthermore, no loss will be allowed on the sale of Fund shares to the extent the shareholder acquired other shares of the same Fund within 30 days prior to the sale of the loss shares or 30 days after such sale. The state and local tax effects of distributions received from a Fund, and any special tax considerations associated with foreign investments of the Fund, should be examined by investors with regard to their own tax situation.

 

If a Fund makes a distribution to you in excess of its current and accumulated “earning and profits” in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of your tax basis in your shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces your tax basis in your shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by you of your shares.

 

Dividends and distributions on a Fund’s shares are generally subject to federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed a Fund’s realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when a Fund’s net asset value reflects gains that are either unrealized, or realized but not distributed.

 

If a Fund engages in hedging transactions, including hedging transactions in options, futures contracts, and straddles, or other similar transactions, it will be subject to special tax rules (including constructive sale,

 

43


Table of Contents

mark-to-market, straddle, wash sale, and short sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains or convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders. Each Fund will endeavor to make any available elections pertaining to such transactions in a manner believed to be in the best interests of the Fund.

 

A Fund’s transactions in foreign currency-denominated debt instruments and its hedging activities will likely produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of the Fund’s distributions of book income to constitute returns of capital for tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income in order to permit the Fund to continue to qualify, and be taxed under Subchapter M of the Code, as a regulated investment company.

 

Investment by a Fund in “passive foreign investment companies” could subject the Fund to a U.S. federal income tax or other charge on the proceeds from the sale of its investment in such a company; however, this tax can be avoided by making an election to mark such investments to market annually or to treat the passive foreign investment company as a “qualified electing Fund.”

 

A “passive foreign investment company” is any foreign corporation: (i) 75 percent or more of the income of which for the taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets of which (generally by value, but by adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce or are held for the production of passive income is at least 50 percent. Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest (including income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gain over losses from certain property transactions and commodities transactions, and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not include rents and royalties received by the foreign corporation from active business and certain income received from related persons.

 

Under federal income tax law, a portion of the difference between the purchase price of securities purchased at a discount in which a Fund has invested and their face value (“original issue discount”) is considered to be income to the Fund each year even though the Fund will not receive cash interest payments from these securities. This original issue discount (imputed income) will make up a part of the net investment income of the Fund which must be distributed to shareholders in order to maintain the qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company and to avoid federal income tax at the level of the Fund.

 

Special tax rules apply to investments though defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax adviser to determine the suitability of shares of a Fund as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of and investment on their particular tax situation.

 

The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the “Act”), signed by President Bush on October 22, 2004 modifies the tax treatment of certain distributions from a Fund to foreign persons. Under the Act, effective for taxable years of a Fund beginning after December 31, 2004 and before January 1, 2008, a Fund will no longer be required to withhold any amounts with respect to distributions of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses that the Fund properly designates nor with respect to distributions of U.S. source interest income that would not be subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by a foreign person. In addition, distributions that are attributable to gain from U.S. real property interests (including interests in REITs that are not “domestically controlled” and U.S. real property holding companies) will be subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax when paid to a foreign shareholder and will give rise to an obligation on the part of the foreign shareholder to file a U.S. tax return. Gain from the sale of shares of a REIT or RIC that is domestically controlled (generally, a REIT or RIC that is less than 50% owned by foreign persons) or from interests representing 5% or less of a publicly-traded class of shares, however, will not be considered gain from a U.S. real property interest. These provisions will first apply to a Fund in its taxable year beginning November 1, 2005.

 

44


Table of Contents

The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the applicable provisions of the Code and regulations currently in effect. For the complete provisions, reference should be made to the pertinent Code sections and regulations. The Code and regulations are subject to change by legislative or administrative action. This discussion of the federal income tax treatment of the Funds and their shareholders does not describe in any respect the tax treatment of any particular arrangement, e.g., tax-exempt trusts or insurance products, pursuant to which or by which investments in the Funds may be made. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers as to their own tax situation, including possible foreign, state and local taxes.

 

EXPERTS

 

Ropes & Gray, One International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 serves as counsel to the Trust.

 

45


Table of Contents

GLOSSARY

 

Currency Transactions: include forward currency contracts, exchange listed currency futures, exchange listed and OTC options on currencies, and currency swaps. A forward currency contract involves a privately negotiated obligation to purchase or sell (with delivery generally required) a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. A currency swap is an agreement to exchange cash flows based on the notional difference among two or more currencies and operates similarly to an interest rate swap.

 

Duration: indicates how interest rate changes will affect a debt instrument’s price. As a measure of a fixed-income security’s cash flow, duration is an alternative to the concept of “term to maturity” in assessing the price volatility associated with changes in interest rates. Generally, the longer the duration, the more volatility an investor should expect. For example, the market price of a bond with a duration of two years would be expected to decline 2% if interest rates rose 1%. Conversely, the market price of the same bond would be expected to increase 2% if interest rates fell 1%. The market price of a bond with a duration of four years would be expected to increase or decline twice as much as the market price of a bond with a two-year duration. Duration measures a security’s maturity in terms of the average time required to receive the present value of all interest and principal payments as opposed to its term to maturity. The maturity of a security measures only the time until final payment is due; it does not take account of the pattern of a security’s cash flow over time, which would include how cash flow is affected by prepayments and by changes in interest rates. Incorporating a security’s yield, coupon interest payments, final maturity and option features into one measure, duration is computed by determining the weighted average maturity of a bond’s cash flows, where the present values of the cash flows serve as weights. Determining duration may involve a Fund’s sub-adviser’s estimates of future economic parameters, which may vary from actual future values.

 

NRSRO: means a nationally recognized statistical rating organization. For a description of the ratings of two NRSROs, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (“S&P”) and Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), see the Appendix to the SAI. For example, the four investment grade ratings in descending order for debt securities as rated by Moody’s are Aaa, Aa, A and Baa- including Baa3. The four investment grade ratings for debt securities as rated by S&P are AAA, AA, A and BBB- including BBB-. For commercial paper, Moody’s two highest ratings are P-1 and P-2 and S&P’s two highest ratings are A-1 and A-2.

 

U.S. Government Securities: include obligations issued, sponsored, assumed and guaranteed as to principal and interest by the Government of the United States, its agencies and instrumentalities, and securities backed by such obligations, including FHA/VA guaranteed mortgages.

 

The name MassMutual Premier Funds is the designation of the Trustees under a Declaration of Trust dated August 1, 1994, as amended from time to time. The obligations of such Trust are not personally binding upon, nor shall resort be had to the property of any of the Trustees, shareholders, officers, employees or agents of such Trust, but only the property of the relevant Fund shall be bound.

 

46


Table of Contents

APPENDIX A—DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

 

Although the ratings of fixed-income securities by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (“S&P”) and Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) are a generally accepted measurement of credit risk, they are subject to certain limitations. For example, ratings are based primarily upon historical events and do not necessarily reflect the future. Furthermore, there is a period of time between the issuance of a rating and the update of the rating, during which time a published rating may be inaccurate.

 

The descriptions of the S&P and Moody’s commercial paper, bond and municipal securities ratings are set forth below.

 

Commercial Paper Ratings:

 

S&P commercial paper ratings are graded into four categories, ranging from A for the highest quality obligations to D for the lowest. Issues assigned the highest rating of A are regarded as having the greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are further refined with the designations 1, 2, and 3 to indicate the relative degree of safety. The A-1 and A-2 categories are described as follows:

 

  A-1   This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics will be noted with a plus (+) sign designation.

 

  A-2   Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1.

 

Moody’s employs three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers. The two highest designations are as follows:

 

Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 (or P-1) have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1 (or P-1) repayment ability will normally be evidenced by many of the following characteristics:

 

    Leading market positions in well-established industries.

 

    High rates of return on funds employed.

 

    Conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection.

 

    Broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation.

 

    Well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.

 

Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 (or P-2) have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.

 

Bond Ratings:

 

S&P describes its four highest ratings for corporate debt as follows:

 

AAA Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.

 

AA Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the higher rated issues only in a small degree.

 

47


Table of Contents

A Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.

 

BBB Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas such debt normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.

 

The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

Moody’s describes its four highest corporate bond ratings as follows:

 

Aaa Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt-edged.” Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

 

Aa Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they compose what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.

 

A Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and may be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment in the future.

 

Baa Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

 

Moody’s applies numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa in its corporate bond rating system. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.

 

48


Table of Contents

APPENDIX B—PROXY VOTING POLICIES

 

The Trustees of the Trust have delegated the proxy voting responsibilities relating to voting securities held by the Funds to Babson Capital or Baring, as applicable.

 

Babson Capital Management LLC

(“Babson Capital”)

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

 

Purpose

   The purpose of these policies and procedures (the “Policy”) is to ensure that Babson Capital fulfills its responsibilities under Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”). Rule 206(4)-6 requires, among other matters, that Babson Capital adopt written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that Babson Capital votes client securities in the best interests of such clients and describe how Babson Capital addresses material conflicts that may arise between Babson Capital’s interests and those of its clients.

Proxy Voting Policy

  

Babson Capital views the voting of proxies as an integral part of its investment management responsibility and believes, as a general principle, that proxies should be voted solely in the best interests of its clients (i.e., prudently and in a manner believed by Babson Capital to best protect and enhance an investor’s returns). To implement this general principle, it is Babson Capital’s policy to generally vote proxies in accordance with the recommendations of Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”), a recognized authority on proxy voting and corporate governance, or, in cases where ISS has not made any recommendations with respect to a proxy, in accordance with ISS’s proxy voting guidelines, a summary of which is attached as Appendix A hereto.

 

Babson Capital recognizes, however, that there may be times when Babson Capital believes that it will be in the best interests of clients holding the securities to be voted to (1) vote against ISS’s recommendations or (2) in cases where ISS has not provided Babson Capital with any recommendations with respect to a matter1, vote against ISS’s proxy voting guidelines. Babson Capital may vote, in whole or part, against ISS’s recommendations or ISS’s proxy voting guidelines, as applicable, if such vote is authorized by the Policy. The procedures set forth herein are designed to ensure that votes against ISS’s recommendations or proxy voting guidelines have been made in the best interests of clients and are not the result of any material conflict of interest (a “Material Conflict”). For purposes of the Policy, a Material Conflict shall mean any position, relationship or interest, financial or otherwise, of Babson Capital (or any person authorized under the Policy to vote proxies on behalf of Babson Capital) that would or could reasonably be expected to affect Babson Capital’s or such person’s independence or judgment concerning how to vote proxies.

Administration of Proxy Voting Policy

   Proxy Committee: Babson Capital hereby creates a standing committee of Babson Capital officers to be called the Proxy Committee. Members of the Proxy Committee shall be appointed (and may be discharged) by the Chief Executive Officer of Babson Capital. The Committee shall (1) review the Policy and Babson Capital’s implementation of the Policy, including ISS’s guidelines and how proxies have been voted, at least annually to ensure that it serves its intended purpose, (2) recommend, based on such review, such amendments to the Policy, if any, as it deems necessary or appropriate to ensure that proxies are voted in clients’ best

1   If a proxy involves an issue not addressed by ISS’s Guidelines, it shall be analyzed on a case-by-case basis.

 

49


Table of Contents
    

identified a interests, (3) approve proxy voting form(s), and (4) provide for the disclosures required by the Record Keeping Requirements Section below. A majority of the members of the Proxy Committee shall constitute a quorum for the conduct of business and the act of a majority or more of the members present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Proxy Committee. The Proxy Committee may also act by a written instrument signed by a majority of its members. The Proxy Committee may also designate one or more Proxy Committee members who shall each be individually authorized to vote proxies to the extent provided in the Proxy Voting Procedures Section of the Policy.

 

Proxy Administrators: Babson Capital’s Chief Operating Officer shall designate one or more Proxy Administrators (each, a “Proxy Administrator”). The Proxy Administrator shall have such responsibilities as are set forth in the Policy and such additional responsibilities as may be provided for by the Proxy Committee.

Proxy Voting Procedures

  

New Account Procedures: Babson Capital’s investment management agreements for its institutional equity investment accounts and its private wealth management accounts generally convey the authority to vote proxies to Babson Capital. When the agreement states that the client has delegated proxy-voting authority to Babson Capital, Babson Capital will vote such proxies in accordance with the Policy. In the event a client makes a written request that Babson Capital vote in accordance with such client’s proxy voting policy and provides the client’s proxy voting policy to Babson Capital, Babson Capital will vote as instructed by the client. In the event an investment management agreement is silent on the matter, Babson Capital should get written confirmation from such client as to its preference, where possible. Because proxy voting is integral to the investment process, Babson Capital takes the position that it will assume proxy voting responsibilities in those situations where the agreement is silent and the client has provided no instructions as to its preferences.

 

Handling of Proxies: All proxy statements and proxy cards received by a Babson Capital employee are to be immediately forwarded to the designated Proxy Administrator in the Cambridge, Massachusetts office for logging and posting of votes.

 

Voting Proxies: Babson Capital will vote all client proxies in accordance with ISS’s recommendation or proxy voting guidelines, unless a person(s) authorized by the Proxy Committee (each, a “Proxy Analyst”), the Proxy Committee or a designated member of the Proxy Committee, as applicable, determines that it is in clients’ best interests to vote against ISS’s recommendation or proxy voting guidelines2. In these cases:

 

If (i) a Proxy Analyst recommends that a proxy should be voted against ISS’s recommendation or proxy voting guidelines, and (ii) no other Proxy Analyst reviewing such proxy disagrees with such recommendation, and (iii) no known Material Conflict is identified by the Proxy Analyst(s) or the Proxy Administrator, the Proxy Administrator will vote the proxy or post the proxy for voting in accordance with the Proxy Analyst’s recommendation. Otherwise, the proxy is to be submitted to a member of the Proxy Committee, who shall determinehow to vote the proxy unless (i) the Proxy Administrator has identified a Babson Capital Material Conflict or (ii) said Proxy Committee member has Material Conflict


2   Nothing herein shall preclude Babson Capital from splitting a vote in those cases where it deems appropriate.

 

50


Table of Contents
    

personal to him or her self or a Babson Capital Material Conflict. In such cases, the proxy shall be submitted to the Proxy Committee, which may authorize a vote against ISS’s recommendation or proxy voting guidelines only if the Proxy Committee determines that such vote is in the clients’ best interests.

 

No employee, officer or director of Babson Capital or its affiliates (other than those assigned such responsibilities under the Policy) may influence how Babson Capital votes client proxies, unless such person has been requested to provide such assistance by a Proxy Analyst or Proxy Committee member and has disclosed any known Material Conflict. Any pre-vote communications prohibited by the Policy shall be reported to the Proxy Committee member prior to voting and to Babson Capital’s General Counsel.

Required Disclosures/Client Request for Information

   Babson Capital shall include a summary of the Policy in its Form ADV Part II, as well as instructions as to how an advisory client may request a copy of the Policy and/or a record of how Babson Capital voted the client’s proxies. Any client requests for copies of the Policy or a record of how Babson Capital voted the client’s proxies shall be directed to the designated Proxy Administrators, who shall provide the information to the appropriate client service representative in order to respond to any such client in a timely manner.

Record Keeping Requirements

  

For equity investment clients for which Babson Capital has discretionary proxy voting authority, Babson Capital has contracted with ISS to retain:

 

(1)    All proxy statements regarding client securities; and

 

(2)    All records of votes cast on behalf of clients

 

for such time periods set forth in the SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act.

 

For all other clients and for any proxies received with respect to which ISS has not provided Babson Capital with a recommendation; such information shall be retained by the Proxy Administrator receiving the proxy for such time periods. set forth in the SEC Rule 206(4)-6. To the extent that such records relate to proxies voted on behalf of an investment company for which Babson Capital serves as investment adviser or investment sub-adviser, such records shall include the following detail:

 

(1)    The name of the issuer of the portfolio security;

 

(2)    The exchange ticker symbol of the portfolio security;

 

(3)    The Council on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the portfolio security, if available;

 

(4)    The shareholder meeting date;

 

(5)    A brief identification of the matter voted on;

 

(6)    Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder;

 

(7)    Whether the investment company client cast its vote on the matter;

 

(8)    How the investment company client cast its vote (e.g., for or against proposal, or abstain; for or withhold regarding election of directors); and

 

(9)    Whether the investment company client cast its vote for or against management.

 

51


Table of Contents
    

In addition, the Proxy Administrator for each office shall retain for such time periods as set forth in the SEC Rule 206(4)-6:

 

(1)    The Policy and any amendments thereto;

 

(2)    All Proxy Voting Forms (including any related document created by the Portfolio Manager or the Proxy Committee that was material to making a decision on how to vote the proxy); and

 

All records of client written requests for proxy voting information and the responses thereto.

 

52


Table of Contents

APPENDIX A

 

Effective February 1, 2005

 

ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines Summary

 

The following is a condensed version of all proxy voting recommendations contained in the ISS Proxy Voting Manual.

 

1. Operational Items

 

Adjourn Meeting

 

Generally vote AGAINST proposals to provide management with the authority to adjourn an annual or special meeting absent compelling reasons to support the proposal. Vote FOR proposals that relate specifically to soliciting votes for a merger or transaction for which ISS has recommended a FOR vote. Vote AGAINST proposals if the wording is too vague or if the proposal includes “other business.”

 

Amend Quorum Requirements

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to reduce quorum requirements for shareholder meetings below a majority of the shares outstanding unless there are compelling reasons to support the proposal.

 

Amend Minor Bylaws

 

Vote FOR bylaw or charter changes that are of a housekeeping nature (updates or corrections).

 

Change Company Name

 

Vote FOR proposals to change the corporate name.

 

Change Date, Time, or Location of Annual Meeting

 

Vote FOR management proposals to change the date/time/location of the annual meeting unless the proposed change is unreasonable.

 

Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals to change the date/time/location of the annual meeting unless the current scheduling or location is unreasonable.

 

Ratifying Auditors

 

Vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors, unless any of the following apply:

 

    An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent

 

    Fees for non-audit services are excessive, or

 

    There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position.

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking companies to prohibit or limit their auditors from engaging in non-audit services.

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking for audit firm rotation, taking into account the tenure of the audit firm, the length of rotation specified in the proposal, any significant audit-related issues at the

 

53


Table of Contents

company, the number of Audit Committee meetings held each year, the number of financial experts serving on the committee, and whether the company has a periodic renewal process where the auditor is evaluated for both audit quality and competitive price.

 

Transact Other Business

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to approve other business when it appears as voting item.

 

Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections

 

Votes on director nominees should be made on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, examining the following factors: composition of the board and key board committees, attendance at board meetings, corporate governance provisions and takeover activity, long-term company performance relative to a market index, directors’ investment in the company, whether the chairman is also serving as CEO, and whether a retired CEO sits on the board. However, there are some actions by directors that should result in votes being withheld. These instances include directors who:

 

    Attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings without a valid excuse

 

    Implement or renew a dead-hand or modified dead-hand poison pill

 

    Adopt a poison pill without shareholder approval since the company’s last annual meeting and there is no requirement to put the pill to shareholder vote within 12 months of its adoption

 

    Ignore a shareholder proposal that is approved by a majority of the shares outstanding

 

    Ignore a shareholder proposal that is approved by a majority of the votes cast for two consecutive years

 

    Failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of the shareholders tendered their shares

 

    Are inside directors or affiliated outsiders and sit on the audit, compensation, or nominating committees

 

    Are inside directors or affiliated outsiders and the full board serves as the audit, compensation, or nominating committee or the company does not have one of these committees

 

    Are audit committee members and the non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive.

 

In addition, directors who enacted egregious corporate governance policies or failed to replace management as appropriate would be subject to recommendations to withhold votes.

 

    Are inside directors or affiliated outside directors and the full board is less than majority independent

 

    Sit on more than six public company boards, or on more than two public boards in addition to their own if they are CEOs of public companies.

 

    Are on the compensation committee when there is a negative correlation between chief executive pay and company performance

 

    Have failed to address the issue(s) that resulted in any of the directors receiving more than 50% withhold votes out of those cast at the previous board election

 

Age Limits

 

Vote AGAINST shareholder or management proposals to limit the tenure of outside directors either through term limits or mandatory retirement ages.

 

Board Size

 

Vote FOR proposals seeking to fix the board size or designate a range for the board size.

 

54


Table of Contents

Vote AGAINST proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board outside of a specified range without shareholder approval.

 

Classification/Declassification of the Board

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to classify the board.

 

Vote FOR proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually.

 

Cumulative Voting

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to eliminate cumulative voting.

 

Vote proposals to restore or permit cumulative voting on a CASE-BY-CASE basis based on the extent that shareholders have access to the board through their own nominations.

 

Director and Officer Indemnification and Liability Protection

 

Proposals on director and officer indemnification and liability protection should be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, using Delaware law as the standard.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to eliminate entirely directors’ and officers’ liability for monetary damages for violating the duty of care.

 

Vote AGAINST indemnification proposals that would expand coverage beyond just legal expenses to acts, such as negligence, that are more serious violations of fiduciary obligation than mere carelessness.

 

Vote FOR only those proposals providing such expanded coverage in cases when a director’s or officer’s legal defense was unsuccessful if both of the following apply:

 

    The director was found to have acted in good faith and in a manner that he reasonably believed was in the best interests of the company, and

 

    Only if the director’s legal expenses would be covered.

 

Establish/Amend Nominee Qualifications

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals that establish or amend director qualifications. Votes should be based on how reasonable the criteria are and to what degree they may preclude dissident nominees from joining the board.

 

Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals requiring two candidates per board seat.

 

Filling Vacancies/Removal of Directors

 

Vote AGAINST proposals that provide that directors may be removed only for cause.

 

Vote FOR proposals to restore shareholder ability to remove directors with or without cause.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals that provide that only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies.

 

Vote FOR proposals that permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies.

 

55


Table of Contents

Independent Chairman (Separate Chairman/CEO)

 

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requiring the position of chairman be filled by an independent director unless there are compelling reasons to recommend against the proposal, such as a counterbalancing governance structure. This should include all of the following:

 

    Designated lead director, elected by and from the independent board members with clearly delineated and comprehensive duties. (The role may alternatively reside with a presiding director, vice chairman, or rotating lead director).

 

    Two-thirds independent board

 

    All-independent key committees

 

    Established governance guidelines

 

Additionally, the company should not have under-performed its peers.

 

Majority of Independent Directors/Establishment of Committees

 

Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that a majority or more of directors be independent unless the board composition already meets the proposed threshold by ISS’s definition of independence.

 

Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that board audit, compensation, and/or nominating committees be composed exclusively of independent directors if they currently do not meet that standard.

 

Open Access

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals asking for open access taking into account the ownership threshold specified in the proposal and the proponent’s rationale for targeting the company in terms of board and director conduct.

 

Stock Ownership Requirements

 

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board. While ISS favors stock ownership on the part of directors, the company should determine the appropriate ownership requirement.

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE shareholder proposals asking that the company adopt a holding or retention period for its executives (for holding stock after the vesting or exercise of equity awards), taking into account any stock ownership requirements or holding period/retention ratio already in place and the actual ownership level of executives.

 

Term Limits

 

Vote AGAINST shareholder or management proposals to limit the tenure of outside directors either through term limits or mandatory retirement ages.

 

3. Proxy Contests

 

Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections

 

Votes in a contested election of directors must be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:

 

    Long-term financial performance of the target company relative to its industry; management’s track record

 

56


Table of Contents
    Background to the proxy contest

 

    Qualifications of director nominees (both slates)

 

    Evaluation of what each side is offering shareholders as well as the likelihood that the proposed objectives and goals can be met; and stock ownership positions.

 

Reimbursing Proxy Solicitation Expenses

 

Voting to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses should be analyzed on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. In cases where ISS recommends in favor of the dissidents, we also recommend voting for reimbursing proxy solicitation expenses.

 

Confidential Voting

 

Vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that corporations adopt confidential voting, use independent vote tabulators and use independent inspectors of election, as long as the proposal includes a provision for proxy contests as follows: In the case of a contested election, management should be permitted to request that the dissident group honor its confidential voting policy. If the dissidents agree, the policy remains in place. If the dissidents will not agree, the confidential voting policy is waived.

 

Vote FOR management proposals to adopt confidential voting.

 

4. Antitakeover Defenses and Voting Related Issues

 

Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals/Nominations

 

Votes on advance notice proposals are determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, giving support to those proposals which allow shareholders to submit proposals as close to the meeting date as reasonably possible and within the broadest window possible.

 

Amend Bylaws without Shareholder Consent

 

Vote AGAINST proposals giving the board exclusive authority to amend the bylaws.

 

Vote FOR proposals giving the board the ability to amend the bylaws in addition to shareholders.

 

Poison Pills

 

Vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that the company submit its poison pill to a shareholder vote or redeem it.

 

Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that any future pill be put to a shareholder vote.

 

Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to take action by written consent.

 

Vote FOR proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent.

 

Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to call special meetings.

 

57


Table of Contents

Vote FOR proposals that remove restrictions on the right of shareholders to act independently of management.

 

Supermajority Vote Requirements

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote.

 

Vote FOR proposals to lower supermajority vote requirements.

 

5. Mergers and Corporate Restructurings

 

Appraisal Rights

 

Vote FOR proposals to restore, or provide shareholders with, rights of appraisal.

 

Asset Purchases

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on asset purchase proposals, considering the following factors:

 

    Purchase price

 

    Fairness opinion

 

    Financial and strategic benefits

 

    How the deal was negotiated

 

    Conflicts of interest

 

    Other alternatives for the business

 

    Noncompletion risk.

 

Asset Sales

 

Votes on asset sales should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:

 

    Impact on the balance sheet/working capital

 

    Potential elimination of diseconomies

 

    Anticipated financial and operating benefits

 

    Anticipated use of funds

 

    Value received for the asset

 

    Fairness opinion

 

    How the deal was negotiated

 

    Conflicts of interest.

 

Bundled Proposals

 

Review on a CASE-BY-CASE basis bundled or “conditioned” proxy proposals.

 

In the case of items that are conditioned upon each other, examine the benefits and costs of the packaged items. In instances when the joint effect of the conditioned items is not in shareholders’ best interests, vote against the proposals. If the combined effect is positive, support such proposals.

 

58


Table of Contents

Conversion of Securities

 

Votes on proposals regarding conversion of securities are determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. When evaluating these proposals the investor should review the dilution to existing shareholders, the conversion price relative to market value, financial issues, control issues, termination penalties, and conflicts of interest.

 

Vote FOR the conversion if it is expected that the company will be subject to onerous penalties or will be forced to file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.

 

Corporate Reorganization/Debt Restructuring/Prepackaged Bankruptcy Plans/Reverse Leveraged Buyouts/Wrap Plans

 

Votes on proposals to increase common and/or preferred shares and to issue shares as part of a debt restructuring plan are determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into consideration the following:

 

    Dilution to existing shareholders’ position

 

    Terms of the offer

 

    Financial issues

 

    Management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives

 

    Control issues

 

    Conflicts of interest.

 

Vote FOR the debt restructuring if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.

 

Formation of Holding Company

 

Votes on proposals regarding the formation of a holding company should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into consideration the following:

 

    The reasons for the change

 

    Any financial or tax benefits

 

    Regulatory benefits

 

    Increases in capital structure

 

    Changes to the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the company.

 

    Absent compelling financial reasons to recommend the transaction, vote AGAINST the formation of a holding company if the transaction would include either of the following:

 

    Increases in common or preferred stock in excess of the allowable maximum as calculated by the ISS Capital Structure model

 

    Adverse changes in shareholder rights

 

Going Private Transactions (LBOs and Minority Squeezeouts)

 

Vote going private transactions on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into account the following: offer price/premium, fairness opinion, how the deal was negotiated, conflicts of interest, other alternatives/offers considered, and noncompletion risk.

 

59


Table of Contents

Joint Ventures

 

Votes CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to form joint ventures, taking into account the following: percentage of assets/business contributed, percentage ownership, financial and strategic benefits, governance structure, conflicts of interest, other alternatives, and noncompletion risk.

 

Liquidations

 

Votes on liquidations should be made on a CASE-BY-CASE basis after reviewing management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives, appraisal value of assets, and the compensation plan for executives managing the liquidation.

 

Vote FOR the liquidation if the company will file for bankruptcy if the proposal is not approved.

 

Mergers and Acquisitions/ Issuance of Shares to Facilitate Merger or Acquisition

 

Votes on mergers and acquisitions should be considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, determining whether the transaction enhances shareholder value by giving consideration to the following:

 

    Prospects of the combined company, anticipated financial and operating benefits

 

    Offer price

 

    Fairness opinion

 

    How the deal was negotiated

 

    Changes in corporate governance

 

    Change in the capital structure

 

    Conflicts of interest.

 

Private Placements/Warrants/Convertible Debentures

 

Votes on proposals regarding private placements should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. When evaluating these proposals the investor should review: dilution to existing shareholders’ position, terms of the offer, financial issues, management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives, control issues, and conflicts of interest.

 

Vote FOR the private placement if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.

 

Spinoffs

 

Votes on spinoffs should be considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis depending on:

 

    Tax and regulatory advantages

 

    Planned use of the sale proceeds

 

    Valuation of spinoff

 

    Fairness opinion

 

    Benefits to the parent company

 

    Conflicts of interest

 

    Managerial incentives

 

60


Table of Contents
    Corporate governance changes

 

    Changes in the capital structure.

 

Value Maximization Proposals

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals seeking to maximize shareholder value by hiring a financial advisor to explore strategic alternatives, selling the company or liquidating the company and distributing the proceeds to shareholders. These proposals should be evaluated based on the following factors: prolonged poor performance with no turnaround in sight, signs of entrenched board and management, strategic plan in place for improving value, likelihood of receiving reasonable value in a sale or dissolution, and whether company is actively exploring its strategic options, including retaining a financial advisor.

 

6. State of Incorporation

 

Control Share Acquisition Provisions

 

Vote FOR proposals to opt out of control share acquisition statutes unless doing so would enable the completion of a takeover that would be detrimental to shareholders.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to amend the charter to include control share acquisition provisions.

 

Vote FOR proposals to restore voting rights to the control shares.

 

Control Share Cashout Provisions

 

Vote FOR proposals to opt out of control share cashout statutes.

 

Disgorgement Provisions

 

Vote FOR proposals to opt out of state disgorgement provisions.

 

Fair Price Provisions

 

Vote proposals to adopt fair price provisions on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, evaluating factors such as the vote required to approve the proposed acquisition, the vote required to repeal the fair price provision, and the mechanism for determining the fair price.

 

Generally, vote AGAINST fair price provisions with shareholder vote requirements greater than a majority of disinterested shares.

 

Freezeout Provisions

 

Vote FOR proposals to opt out of state freezeout provisions.

 

Greenmail

 

Vote FOR proposals to adopt antigreenmail charter of bylaw amendments or otherwise restrict a company’s ability to make greenmail payments.

 

Review on a CASE-BY-CASE basis antigreenmail proposals when they are bundled with other charter or bylaw amendments.

 

61


Table of Contents

Reincorporation Proposals

 

Proposals to change a company’s state of incorporation should be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, giving consideration to both financial and corporate governance concerns, including the reasons for reincorporating, a comparison of the governance provisions, and a comparison of the jurisdictional laws.

 

Vote FOR reincorporation when the economic factors outweigh any neutral or negative governance changes.

 

Stakeholder Provisions

 

Vote AGAINST proposals that ask the board to consider nonshareholder constituencies or other nonfinancial effects when evaluating a merger or business combination.

 

State Antitakeover Statutes

 

Review on a CASE-BY-CASE basis proposals to opt in or out of state takeover statutes (including control share acquisition statutes, control share cash-out statutes, freezeout provisions, fair price provisions, stakeholder laws, poison pill endorsements, severance pay and labor contract provisions, antigreenmail provisions, and disgorgement provisions).

 

7. Capital Structure

 

Adjustments to Par Value of Common Stock

 

Vote FOR management proposals to reduce the par value of common stock.

 

Common Stock Authorization

 

Votes on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance are determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis using a model developed by ISS.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares of the class of stock that has superior voting rights.

 

Vote FOR proposals to approve increases beyond the allowable increase when a company’s shares are in danger of being delisted or if a company’s ability to continue to operate as a going concern is uncertain.

 

Dual-Class Stock

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to create a new class of common stock with superior voting rights.

 

Vote FOR proposals to create a new class of nonvoting or subvoting common stock if:

 

    It is intended for financing purposes with minimal or no dilution to current shareholders

 

    It is not designed to preserve the voting power of an insider or significant shareholder

 

Issue Stock for Use with Rights Plan

 

Vote AGAINST proposals that increase authorized common stock for the explicit purpose of implementing a shareholder rights plan (poison pill).

 

62


Table of Contents

Preemptive Rights

 

Review on a CASE-BY-CASE basis shareholder proposals that seek preemptive rights. In evaluating proposals on preemptive rights, consider the size of a company, the characteristics of its shareholder base, and the liquidity of the stock.

 

Preferred Stock

 

Vote AGAINST proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights (“blank check” preferred stock).

 

Vote FOR proposals to create “declawed” blank check preferred stock (stock that cannot be used as a takeover defense).

 

Vote FOR proposals to authorize preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion, and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock appear reasonable.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to increase the number of blank check preferred stock authorized for issuance when no shares have been issued or reserved for a specific purpose.

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to increase the number of blank check preferred shares after analyzing the number of preferred shares available for issue given a company’s industry and performance in terms of shareholder returns.

 

Recapitalization

 

Votes CASE-BY-CASE on recapitalizations (reclassifications of securities), taking into account the following: more simplified capital structure, enhanced liquidity, fairness of conversion terms, impact on voting power and dividends, reasons for the reclassification, conflicts of interest, and other alternatives considered.

 

Reverse Stock Splits

 

Vote FOR management proposals to implement a reverse stock split when the number of authorized shares will be proportionately reduced.

 

Vote FOR management proposals to implement a reverse stock split to avoid delisting.

 

Votes on proposals to implement a reverse stock split that do not proportionately reduce the number of shares authorized for issue should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis using a model developed by ISS.

 

Share Repurchase Programs

 

Vote FOR management proposals to institute open-market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms.

 

Stock Distributions: Splits and Dividends

 

Vote FOR management proposals to increase the common share authorization for a stock split or share dividend, provided that the increase in authorized shares would not result in an excessive number of shares available for issuance as determined using a model developed by ISS.

 

63


Table of Contents

Tracking Stock

 

Votes on the creation of tracking stock are determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, weighing the strategic value of the transaction against such factors as: adverse governance changes, excessive increases in authorized capital stock, unfair method of distribution, diminution of voting rights, adverse conversion features, negative impact on stock option plans, and other alternatives such as spinoff.

 

8. Executive and Director Compensation

 

Votes with respect to equity-based compensation plans should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. Our methodology for reviewing compensation plans primarily focuses on the transfer of shareholder wealth (the dollar cost of pay plans to shareholders instead of simply focusing on voting power dilution). Using the expanded compensation data disclosed under the SEC’s rules, ISS will value every award type. ISS will include in its analyses an estimated dollar cost for the proposed plan and all continuing plans. This cost, dilution to shareholders’ equity, will also be expressed as a percentage figure for the transfer of shareholder wealth, and will be considered along with dilution to voting power. Once ISS determines the estimated cost of the plan, we compare it to a company-specific dilution cap.

 

Our model determines a company-specific allowable pool of shareholder wealth that may be transferred from the company to plan participants, adjusted for:

 

    Long-term corporate performance (on an absolute basis and relative to a standard industry peer group and an appropriate market index),

 

    Cash compensation, and

 

    Categorization of the company as emerging, growth, or mature.

 

These adjustments are pegged to market capitalization.

 

Vote AGAINST plans that expressly permit the repricing of underwater stock options without shareholder approval.

 

Generally vote AGAINST plans in which (1) there is a disconnect between the CEO’s pay and company performance (an increase in pay and a decrease in performance) and the main source of the pay increase (over half) is equity-based and (2) the CEO is the participant of the equity proposal. A decrease in performance is based on negative one- and three-year total shareholder returns. An increase in pay is based on the CEO’s total direct compensation (salary, cash bonus, present value of stock options, face value of restricted stock, face value of long-term incentive plan payouts, and all other compensation) increasing over the previous year. Also may WITHHOLD votes from the Compensation Committee members.

 

Generally vote AGAINST plans if the company’s most recent three-year burn rate exceeds one standard deviation in excess of the industry mean and is over two percent of common shares outstanding. See Table 1 for details.

 

64


Table of Contents

Table 1 : Proxy Season 2005 Burn Rate Thresholds

 

          Russell 3000

   Non-Russell 3000

GICS


  

GICS Dsec


   Mean

   Standard
Deviation


   Mean + Std
Dev


   Mean

   Standard
Deviation


   Mean + Std
Dev


1010

  

Energy

   1.60%    1.02%    2.61%    2.59%    2.19%    4.78%

1510

  

Materials

   1.55%    0.81%    2.36%    2.54%    1.92%    4.46%

2010

  

Capital Goods

   1.86%    1.19%    3.05%    3.23%    2.93%    6.17%

2020

  

Commercial Services & Supplies

   2.87%    1.53%    4.40%    4.39%    3.68%    8.07%

2030

  

Transportation

   2.10%    1.50%    3.60%    2.44%    2.22%    4.66%

2510

  

Automobiles & Components

   2.10%    1.37%    3.48%    2.90%    2.28%    5.18%

2520

  

Consumer Durables & Apparel

   2.40%    1.51%    3.90%    3.42%    2.79%    6.21%

2530

  

Hotels Restaurants & Leisure

   2.39%    1.08%    3.48%    3.30%    2.87%    6.17%

2540

  

Media

   2.34%    1.50%    3.84%    4.12%    2.89%    7.01%

2550

  

Retailing

   2.89%    1.95%    4.84%    4.26%    3.50%    7.75%

3010 to 3030

  

Food & Staples Retailing

   1.98%    1.50%    3.48%    3.37%    3.32%    6.68%

3510

  

Health Care Equipment & Services

   3.24%    1.96%    5.20%    4.55%    3.24%    7.79%

3520

  

Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology

   3.60%    1.72%    5.32%    5.77%    4.15%    9.92%

4010

  

Banks

   1.44%    1.17%    2.61%    1.65%    1.60%    3.25%

4020

  

Diversified Financials

   3.12%    2.54%    5.66%    5.03%    3.53%    8.55%

4030

  

Insurance

   1.45%    0.88%    2.32%    2.47%    1.77%    4.24%

4040

  

Real Estate

   1.01%    0.89%    1.90%    1.51%    1.50%    3.01%

4510

  

Software & Services

   5.44%    3.05%    8.49%    8.08%    6.01%    14.10%

4520

  

Technology Hardware & Equipment

   4.00%    2.69%    6.68%    5.87%    4.25%    10.12%

4530

  

Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment

   5.12%    2.86%    7.97%    6.79%    3.95%    10.74%

5010

  

Telecommunication Services

   2.56%    2.39%    4.95%    4.66%    3.90%    8.56%

5510

  

Utilities

   0.90%    0.65%    1.55%    3.74%    4.63%    8.38%

 

A company with high three-year average burn rates may avoid triggering the burn rate policy by committing to the industry average over the next years.

 

However, the above general voting guidelines for pay for performance may change if the compensation committee members can demonstrate that they have improved committee performance based on additional public filing such as an DEFA 14A or 8K. The additional filing needs to present strong and compelling evidence of improved performance with new information that has not been disclosed in the original proxy statement. The reiteration of the compensation committee report will not be sufficient evidence of improved committee performance.

 

Evidence of improved compensation committee performance includes all of the following:

 

    The compensation committee has reviewed all components of the CEO’s compensation, including the following:

 

    Base salary, bonus, long-term incentives

 

    Accumulative realized and unrealized stock option and restricted stock gains

 

    Dollar value of perquisites and other personal benefits to the CEO and the cost to the company

 

    Earnings and accumulated payment obligations under the company’s nonqualified deferred compensation program

 

    Actual projected payment obligations under the company’s supplemental executive retirement plan (SERPs)

 

A tally sheet setting forth all the above components was prepared and reviewed affixing dollar amounts under the various payout scenarios.

 

65


Table of Contents
    A tally sheet with all the above components should be disclosed for the following termination scenarios:

 

    Payment if termination occurs within 12 months: $

 

    Payment if “not for cause” termination occurs within 12 months: $

 

    Payment if “change of control” termination occurs within 12 months: $

 

    The compensation committee is committed to provide additional information on the named executives’ annual cash bonus program and/or long-term incentive cash plan for the current fiscal year. The compensation committee will provide full disclosure of the qualitative and quantitative performance criteria and hurdle rates used to determine the payouts of the cash program. From this disclosure, shareholders will know the minimum level of performance required for any cash bonus to be delivered as well as the maximum cash bonus payable for superior performance.

 

The repetition of the compensation committee report does not meet ISS’ requirement of compelling and strong evidence of improved disclosure. The level of transparency and disclosure is at the highest level where shareholders can understand the mechanics of the annual cash bonus and/or long-term incentive cash plan based on the additional disclosure.

 

    The compensation committee is committed to grant a substantial portion of performance-based equity awards to the named executive officers. A substantial portion of performance-based awards would be at least 50 percent of the shares awarded to each of the named executive officers. Performance-based equity awards are earned or paid out based on the achievement of company performance targets. The company will disclose the details of the performance criteria (e.g., return on equity) and the hurdle rates (e.g., 15 percent) associated with the performance targets. From this disclosure, shareholders will know the minimum level of performance required for any equity grants to be made. The performance-based equity awards do not refer to non-qualified stock options2 or performance-accelerated grants3. Instead, performance-based equity awards are performance-contingent grants where the individual will not receive the equity grant by not meeting the target performance and vice versa.

 

The level of transparency and disclosure is at the highest level where shareholders can understand the mechanics of the performance-based equity awards based on the additional disclosure.

 

    The compensation committee has the sole authority to hire and fire outside compensation consultants. The role of the outside compensation consultant is to assist the compensation committee to analyze executive pay packages or contracts and understand the company’s financial measures.

 

Based on the additional disclosure of improved performance of the compensation committee, ISS will generally vote FOR the compensation committee members up for annual election and vote FOR the employee-based stock plan if there is one on the ballot. However, ISS is not likely to vote FOR the compensation committee members and/or the employee-based stock plan if ISS believes the company has not provided compelling and sufficient evidence of transparent additional disclosure of executive compensation based on the above requirements.

 

Director Compensation

 

Votes on compensation plans for directors are determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, using a proprietary, quantitative model developed by ISS.


2   Non-qualified stock options are not performance-based awards unless the grant or the vesting of the stock options is tied to the achievement of a pre-determined and disclosed performance measure. A rising stock market will generally increase share prices of all companies, despite of the company’s underlying performance.
3   Performance-accelerated grants are awards that vest earlier based on the achievement of a specified measure. However, these grants will ultimately vest over time even without the attainment of the goal(s).

 

66


Table of Contents

On occasion, director stock plans that set aside a relatively small of shares when combined with employee or executive stock compensation plans exceed the allowable cap. In such cases, starting proxy season 2005, ISS will supplement the analytical approach with a qualitative review of board compensation for companies, taking into consideration:

 

    Director stock ownership guidelines

 

    A minimum of three times the annual cash retainer.

 

    Vesting schedule or mandatory holding/deferral period

 

    A minimum vesting of three years for stock options or restricted stock, or

 

    Deferred stock payable at the end of a three-year deferral period.

 

    Mix between cash and equity

 

    A balanced mix of cash and equity, for example 40% cash/60% equity or 50% cash/50% equity.

 

    If the mix is heavier on the equity component, the vesting schedule or deferral period should be more stringent, with the lesser of five years or the term of directorship.

 

    Retirement/Benefit and Perquisites programs

 

    No retirement/benefits and perquisites provided to non-employee directors.

 

    Quality of disclosure

 

    Provide detailed disclosure on cash and equity compensation delivered to each non-employee director for the most recent fiscal year in a table. The column headers for the table may include the following: name of each non-employee director, annual retainer, board meeting fees, committee retainer, committee-meeting fees, and equity grants.

 

For ISS to recommend a vote FOR director equity plans based on the above qualitative features, a company needs to demonstrate that it meets all the above qualitative features in its proxy statement.

 

Stock Plans in Lieu of Cash

 

Votes for plans which provide participants with the option of taking all or a portion of their cash compensation in the form of stock are determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Vote FOR plans which provide a dollar-for-dollar cash for stock exchange.

 

Votes for plans which do not provide a dollar-for-dollar cash for stock exchange should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis using a proprietary, quantitative model developed by ISS. In cases where the exchange is not dollar-for-dollar, the request for new or additional shares for such equity program will be considered in the quantitative model. However, the cost would be lower than full-value awards since part of the deferral compensation is in-lieu-of cash compensation.

 

Director Retirement Plans

 

Vote AGAINST retirement plans for nonemployee directors.

 

Vote FOR shareholder proposals to eliminate retirement plans for nonemployee directors.

 

Management Proposals Seeking Approval to Reprice Options

 

Votes on management proposals seeking approval to reprice options are evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis giving consideration to the following:

 

    Historic trading patterns

 

67


Table of Contents
    Rationale for the repricing

 

    Value-for-value exchange

 

    Treatment of surrendered options

 

    Option vesting

 

    Term of the option

 

    Exercise price

 

    Participation.

 

Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plans

 

Votes on qualified employee stock purchase plans should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Vote FOR employee stock purchase plans where all of the following apply:

 

    Purchase price is at least 85 percent of fair market value

 

    Offering period is 27 months or less, and

 

    The number of shares allocated to the plan is ten percent or less of the outstanding shares

 

Vote AGAINST qualified employee stock purchase plans where any of the following apply:

 

    Purchase price is less than 85 percent of fair market value, or

 

    Offering period is greater than 27 months, or

 

    The number of shares allocated to the plan is more than ten percent of the outstanding shares

 

Nonqualified Employee Stock Purchase Plans

 

Votes on nonqualified employee stock purchase plans should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Vote FOR nonqualified employee stock purchase plans with all the following features:

 

    Broad-based participation (i.e., all employees of the company with the exclusion of individuals with 5 percent or more of beneficial ownership of the company).

 

    Limits on employee contribution, which may be a fixed dollar amount or expressed as a percent of base salary.

 

    Company matching contribution up to 25 percent of employee’s contribution, which is effectively a discount of 20 percent from market value.

 

    No discount on the stock price on the date of purchase since there is a company matching contribution.

 

Vote AGAINST nonqualified employee stock purchase plans when any of the plan features do not meet the above criteria.

 

Incentive Bonus Plans and Tax Deductibility Proposals (OBRA-Related Compensation Proposals)

 

Vote FOR proposals that simply amend shareholder-approved compensation plans to include administrative features or place a cap on the annual grants any one participant may receive to comply with the provisions of Section 162(m).

 

68


Table of Contents

Vote FOR proposals to add performance goals to existing compensation plans to comply with the provisions of Section 162(m) unless they are clearly inappropriate.

 

Votes to amend existing plans to increase shares reserved and to qualify for favorable tax treatment under the provisions of Section 162(m) should be considered on a CASE-BY-CASE basis using a proprietary, quantitative model developed by ISS.

 

Generally vote FOR cash or cash and stock bonus plans that are submitted to shareholders for the purpose of exempting compensation from taxes under the provisions of Section 162(m) if no increase in shares is requested.

 

Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs)

 

Vote FOR proposals to implement an ESOP or increase authorized shares for existing ESOPs, unless the number of shares allocated to the ESOP is excessive (more than five percent of outstanding shares.)

 

401(k) Employee Benefit Plans

 

Vote FOR proposals to implement a 401(k) savings plan for employees.

 

Shareholder Proposals Regarding Executive and Director Pay

 

Generally, vote FOR shareholder proposals seeking additional disclosure of executive and director pay information, provided the information requested is relevant to shareholders’ needs, would not put the company at a competitive disadvantage relative to its industry, and is not unduly burdensome to the company.

 

Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals seeking to set absolute levels on compensation or otherwise dictate the amount or form of compensation.

 

Vote AGAINST shareholder proposals requiring director fees be paid in stock only.

 

Vote FOR shareholder proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote.

 

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for all other shareholder proposals regarding executive and director pay, taking into account company performance, pay level versus peers, pay level versus industry, and long term corporate outlook.

 

Option Expensing

 

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals asking the company to expense stock options, unless the company has already publicly committed to expensing options by a specific date.

 

Performance-Based Awards

 

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals advocating the use of performance-based awards like indexed, premium-priced, and performance-vested options or performance-based shares, unless:

 

    The proposal is overly restrictive (e.g., it mandates that awards to all employees must be performance-based or all awards to top executives must be a particular type, such as indexed options)

 

    The company demonstrates that it is using a substantial portion of performance-based awards for its top executives

 

69


Table of Contents

Golden Parachutes and Executive Severance Agreements

 

Vote FOR shareholder proposals to require golden parachutes or executive severance agreements to be submitted for shareholder ratification, unless the proposal requires shareholder approval prior to entering into employment contracts.

 

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on proposals to ratify or cancel golden parachutes. An acceptable parachute should include the following:

 

    The triggering mechanism should be beyond the control of management

 

    The amount should not exceed three times base amount (defined as the average annual taxable W-2 compensation during the five years prior to the year in which the change of control occurs

 

    Change-in-control payments should be double-triggered, i.e., (1) after a change in control has taken place, and (2) termination of the executive as a result of the change in control. ISS defines change in control as a change in the company ownership structure.

 

Pension Plan Income Accounting

 

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals to exclude pension plan income in the calculation of earnings used in determining executive bonuses/compensation.

 

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (SERPs)

 

Generally vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting to put extraordinary benefits contained in SERP agreements to a shareholder vote unless the company’s executive pension plans do not contain excessive benefits beyond what is offered under employee-wide plans.

 

9. Social and Environmental Issues

 

CONSUMER ISSUES AND PUBLIC SAFETY

 

Animal Rights

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to phase out the use of animals in product testing, taking into account:

 

    The nature of the product and the degree that animal testing is necessary or federally mandated (such as medical products),

 

    The availability and feasibility of alternatives to animal testing to ensure product safety, and

 

    The degree that competitors are using animal-free testing.

 

    Generally vote FOR proposals seeking a report on the company’s animal welfare standards unless:

 

    The company has already published a set of animal welfare standards and monitors compliance

 

    The company’s standards are comparable to or better than those of peer firms, and

 

    There are no serious controversies surrounding the company’s treatment of animals

 

Drug Pricing

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals asking the company to implement price restraints on pharmaceutical products, taking into account:

 

    Whether the proposal focuses on a specific drug and region

 

70


Table of Contents
    Whether the economic benefits of providing subsidized drugs (e.g., public goodwill) outweigh the costs in terms of reduced profits, lower R&D spending, and harm to competitiveness

 

    The extent that reduced prices can be offset through the company’s marketing budget without affecting R&D spending

 

    Whether the company already limits price increases of its products

 

    Whether the company already contributes life- saving pharmaceuticals to the needy and Third World countries

 

    The extent that peer companies implement price restraints

 

Genetically Modified Foods

 

Vote AGAINST proposals asking companies to voluntarily label genetically engineered (GE) ingredients in their products or alternatively to provide interim labeling and eventually eliminate GE ingredients due to the costs and feasibility of labeling and/or phasing out the use of GE ingredients.

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals asking for a report on the feasibility of labeling products containing GE ingredients taking into account:

 

    The relevance of the proposal in terms of the company’s business and the proportion of it affected by the resolution

 

    The quality of the company’s disclosure on GE product labeling and related voluntary initiatives and how this disclosure compares with peer company disclosure

 

    Company’s current disclosure on the feasibility of GE product labeling, including information on the related costs

 

    Any voluntary labeling initiatives undertaken or considered by the company.

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals asking for the preparation of a report on the financial, legal, and environmental impact of continued use of GE ingredients/seeds.

 

    The relevance of the proposal in terms of the company’s business and the proportion of it affected by the resolution

 

    The quality of the company’s disclosure on risks related to GE product use and how this disclosure compares with peer company disclosure

 

    The percentage of revenue derived from international operations, particularly in Europe, where GE products are more regulated and consumer backlash is more pronounced.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals seeking a report on the health and environmental effects of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Health studies of this sort are better undertaken by regulators and the scientific community.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to completely phase out GE ingredients from the company’s products or proposals asking for reports outlining the steps necessary to eliminate GE ingredients from the company’s products. Such resolutions presuppose that there are proven health risks to GE ingredients (an issue better left to federal regulators) that outweigh the economic benefits derived from biotechnology.

 

Handguns

 

Generally vote AGAINST requests for reports on a company’s policies aimed at curtailing gun violence in the United States unless the report is confined to product safety information. Criminal misuse of firearms is beyond company control and instead falls within the purview of law enforcement agencies.

 

71


Table of Contents

HIV/AIDS

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on requests for reports outlining the impact of the health pandemic (HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis) on the company’s Sub-Saharan operations and how the company is responding to it, taking into account:

 

    The nature and size of the company’s operations in Sub-Saharan Africa and the number of local employees

 

    The company’s existing healthcare policies, including benefits and healthcare access for local workers

 

    Company donations to healthcare providers operating in the region

 

Vote AGAINST proposals asking companies to establish, implement, and report on a standard of response to the HIV/AIDS, TB, and Malaria health pandemic in Africa and other developing countries, unless the company has significant operations in these markets and has failed to adopt policies and/or procedures to address these issues comparable to those of industry peers.

 

Predatory Lending

 

Vote CASE-BY CASE on requests for reports on the company’s procedures for preventing predatory lending, including the establishment of a board committee for oversight, taking into account:

 

    Whether the company has adequately disclosed mechanisms in place to prevent abusive lending practices

 

    Whether the company has adequately disclosed the financial risks of its subprime business

 

    Whether the company has been subject to violations of lending laws or serious lending controversies

 

    Peer companies’ policies to prevent abusive lending practices.

 

Tobacco

 

Most tobacco-related proposals should be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, taking into account the following factors:

 

Second-hand smoke:

 

    Whether the company complies with all local ordinances and regulations

 

    The degree that voluntary restrictions beyond those mandated by law might hurt the company’s competitiveness

 

    The risk of any health-related liabilities.

 

Advertising to youth:

 

    Whether the company complies with federal, state, and local laws on the marketing of tobacco or if it has been fined for violations

 

    Whether the company has gone as far as peers in restricting advertising

 

    Whether the company entered into the Master Settlement Agreement, which restricts marketing of tobacco to youth

 

    Whether restrictions on marketing to youth extend to foreign countries

 

Cease production of tobacco-related products or avoid selling products to tobacco companies:

 

    The percentage of the company’s business affected

 

72


Table of Contents
    The economic loss of eliminating the business versus any potential tobacco-related liabilities.

 

    Spinoff tobacco-related businesses:

 

    The percentage of the company’s business affected

 

    The feasibility of a spinoff

 

    Potential future liabilities related to the company’s tobacco business.

 

Stronger product warnings:

 

Vote AGAINST proposals seeking stronger product warnings. Such decisions are better left to public health authorities.

 

Investment in tobacco stocks:

 

Vote AGAINST proposals prohibiting investment in tobacco equities. Such decisions are better left to portfolio managers.

 

ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY

 

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

 

Generally vote AGAINST request for reports outlining potential environmental damage from drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) unless:

 

    New legislation is adopted allowing development and drilling in the ANWR region;

 

    The company intends to pursue operations in the ANWR; and

 

    The company does not currently disclose an environmental risk report for their operations in the ANWR.

 

CERES Principles

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to adopt the CERES Principles, taking into account:

 

    The company’s current environmental disclosure beyond legal requirements, including environmental health and safety (EHS) audits and reports that may duplicate CERES

 

    The company’s environmental performance record, including violations of federal and state regulations, level of toxic emissions, and accidental spills

 

    Environmentally conscious practices of peer companies, including endorsement of CERES

 

    Costs of membership and implementation.

 

Environmental-Economic Risk Report

 

Vote CASE by CASE on proposals requesting an economic risk assessment of environmental performance considering:

 

    The feasibility of financially quantifying environmental risk factors,

 

    The company’s compliance with applicable legislation and/or regulations regarding environmental performance,

 

    The costs associated with implementing improved standards,

 

73


Table of Contents
    The potential costs associated with remediation resulting from poor environmental performance, and

 

    The current level of disclosure on environmental policies and initiatives.

 

Environmental Reports

 

Generally vote FOR requests for reports disclosing the company’s environmental policies unless it already has well-documented environmental management systems that are available to the public.

 

Global Warming

 

Generally vote FOR proposals requesting a report on greenhouse gas emissions from company operations and/or products unless this information is already publicly disclosed or such factors are not integral to the company’s line of business.

 

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that call for reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by specified amounts or within a restrictive time frame unless the company lags industry standards and has been the subject of recent, significant fines or litigation resulting from greenhouse gas emissions.

 

Recycling

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to adopt a comprehensive recycling strategy, taking into account:

 

    The nature of the company’s business and the percentage affected

 

    The extent that peer companies are recycling

 

    The timetable prescribed by the proposal

 

    The costs and methods of implementation

 

    Whether the company has a poor environmental track record, such as violations of federal and state regulations.

 

Renewable Energy

 

In general, vote FOR requests for reports on the feasibility of developing renewable energy sources unless the report is duplicative of existing disclosure or irrelevant to the company’s line of business.

 

Generally vote AGAINST proposals requesting that the company invest in renewable energy sources. Such decisions are best left to management’s evaluation of the feasibility and financial impact that such programs may have on the company.

 

Sustainability Report

 

Generally vote FOR proposals requesting the company to report on policies and initiatives related to social, economic, and environmental sustainability, unless:

 

    The company already discloses similar information through existing reports or policies such as an Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) report; comprehensive Code of Corporate Conduct; and/or Diversity Report; or

 

    The company has formally committed to the implementation of a reporting program based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines or a similar standard within a specified time frame.

 

74


Table of Contents

GENERAL CORPORATE ISSUES

 

Outsourcing/Offshoring

 

Vote Case by Case on proposals calling for companies to report on the risks associated with outsourcing, considering:

 

    Risks associated with certain international markets

 

    The utility of such a report to shareholders

 

    The existence of a publicly available code of corporate conduct that applies to international operations

 

Link Executive Compensation to Social Performance

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to review ways of linking executive compensation to social factors, such as corporate downsizings, customer or employee satisfaction, community involvement, human rights, environmental performance, predatory lending, and executive/employee pay disparities. Such resolutions should be evaluated in the context of:

 

    The relevance of the issue to be linked to pay

 

    The degree that social performance is already included in the company’s pay structure and disclosed

 

    The degree that social performance is used by peer companies in setting pay

 

    Violations or complaints filed against the company relating to the particular social performance measure

 

    Artificial limits sought by the proposal, such as freezing or capping executive pay

 

    Independence of the compensation committee

 

    Current company pay levels.

 

Charitable/Political Contributions

 

Generally vote AGAINST proposals asking the company to affirm political nonpartisanship in the workplace so long as:

 

    The company is in compliance with laws governing corporate political activities, and

 

    The company has procedures in place to ensure that employee contributions to company-sponsored political action committees (PACs) are strictly voluntary and not coercive.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to report or publish in newspapers the company’s political contributions. Federal and state laws restrict the amount of corporate contributions and include reporting requirements.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals disallowing the company from making political contributions. Businesses are affected by legislation at the federal, state, and local level and barring contributions can put the company at a competitive disadvantage.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals restricting the company from making charitable contributions. Charitable contributions are generally useful for assisting worthwhile causes and for creating goodwill in the community. In the absence of bad faith, self-dealing, or gross negligence, management should determine which contributions are in the best interests of the company.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals asking for a list of company executives, directors, consultants, legal counsels, lobbyists, or investment bankers that have prior government service and whether such service had a bearing on the business of the company. Such a list would be burdensome to prepare without providing any meaningful information to shareholders.

 

75


Table of Contents

LABOR STANDARDS AND HUMAN RIGHTS

 

China Principles

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to implement the China Principles unless:

 

    There are serious controversies surrounding the company’s China operations, and

 

    The company does not have a code of conduct with standards similar to those promulgated by the International Labor Organization (ILO).

 

Country-specific human rights reports

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on requests for reports detailing the company’s operations in a particular country and steps to protect human rights, based on:

 

    The nature and amount of company business in that country

 

    The company’s workplace code of conduct

 

    Proprietary and confidential information involved

 

    Company compliance with U.S. regulations on investing in the country

 

    Level of peer company involvement in the country.

 

International Codes of Conduct/Vendor Standards

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to implement certain human rights standards at company facilities or those of its suppliers and to commit to outside, independent monitoring. In evaluating these proposals, the following should be considered:

 

    The company’s current workplace code of conduct or adherence to other global standards and the degree they meet the standards promulgated by the proponent

 

    Agreements with foreign suppliers to meet certain workplace standards

 

    Whether company and vendor facilities are monitored and how

 

    Company participation in fair labor organizations

 

    Type of business

 

    Proportion of business conducted overseas

 

    Countries of operation with known human rights abuses

 

    Whether the company has been recently involved in significant labor and human rights controversies or violations

 

    Peer company standards and practices

 

    Union presence in company’s international factories

 

    Generally vote FOR reports outlining vendor standards compliance unless any of the following apply:

 

    The company does not operate in countries with significant human rights violations

 

    The company has no recent human rights controversies or violations, or

 

    The company already publicly discloses information on its vendor standards compliance.

 

76


Table of Contents

MacBride Principles

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to endorse or increase activity on the MacBride Principles, taking into account:

 

    Company compliance with or violations of the Fair Employment Act of 1989

 

    Company antidiscrimination policies that already exceed the legal requirements

 

    The cost and feasibility of adopting all nine principles

 

    The cost of duplicating efforts to follow two sets of standards (Fair Employment and the MacBride Principles)

 

    The potential for charges of reverse discrimination

 

    The potential that any company sales or contracts in the rest of the United Kingdom could be negatively impacted

 

    The level of the company’s investment in Northern Ireland

 

    The number of company employees in Northern Ireland

 

    The degree that industry peers have adopted the MacBride Principles

 

    Applicable state and municipal laws that limit contracts with companies that have not adopted the MacBride Principles.

 

MILITARY BUSINESS

 

Foreign Military Sales/Offsets

 

Vote AGAINST reports on foreign military sales or offsets. Such disclosures may involve sensitive and confidential information. Moreover, companies must comply with government controls and reporting on foreign military sales.

 

Landmines and Cluster Bombs

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals asking a company to renounce future involvement in antipersonnel landmine production, taking into account:

 

    Whether the company has in the past manufactured landmine components

 

    Whether the company’s peers have renounced future production

 

    Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals asking a company to renounce future involvement in cluster bomb production, taking into account:

 

    What weapons classifications the proponent views as cluster bombs

 

    Whether the company currently or in the past has manufactured cluster bombs or their components

 

    The percentage of revenue derived from cluster bomb manufacture

 

    Whether the company’s peers have renounced future production

 

Nuclear Weapons

 

Vote AGAINST proposals asking a company to cease production of nuclear weapons components and delivery systems, including disengaging from current and proposed contracts. Components and delivery systems serve multiple military and non-military uses, and withdrawal from these contracts could have a negative impact on the company’s business.

 

77


Table of Contents

Operations in Nations Sponsoring Terrorism (Iran)

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on requests for a board committee review and report outlining the company’s financial and reputational risks from its operations in Iran, taking into account current disclosure on:

 

    The nature and purpose of the Iranian operations and the amount of business involved (direct and indirect revenues and expenses) that could be affected by political disruption

 

    Compliance with U.S. sanctions and laws

 

Spaced-Based Weaponization

 

Generally vote FOR reports on a company’s involvement in spaced-based weaponization unless:

 

    The information is already publicly available or

 

    The disclosures sought could compromise proprietary information.

 

WORKPLACE DIVERSITY

 

Board Diversity

 

Generally vote FOR reports on the company’s efforts to diversify the board, unless:

 

    The board composition is reasonably inclusive in relation to companies of similar size and business or

 

    The board already reports on its nominating procedures and diversity initiatives.

 

Generally vote AGAINST proposals that would call for the adoption of specific committee charter language regarding diversity initiatives unless the company fails to publicly disclose existing equal opportunity or non-discrimination policies.

 

Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals asking the company to increase the representation of women and minorities on the board, taking into account:

 

    The degree of board diversity

 

    Comparison with peer companies

 

    Established process for improving board diversity

 

    Existence of independent nominating committee

 

    Use of outside search firm

 

    History of EEO violations.

 

Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO)

 

Generally vote FOR reports outlining the company’s affirmative action initiatives unless all of the following apply:

 

    The company has well-documented equal opportunity programs

 

    The company already publicly reports on its company-wide affirmative initiatives and provides data on its workforce diversity, and

 

    The company has no recent EEO-related violations or litigation.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals seeking information on the diversity efforts of suppliers and service providers, which can pose a significant cost and administration burden on the company.

 

78


Table of Contents

Glass Ceiling

 

Generally vote FOR reports outlining the company’s progress towards the Glass Ceiling Commission’s business recommendations, unless:

 

    The composition of senior management and the board is fairly inclusive

 

    The company has well-documented programs addressing diversity initiatives and leadership development

 

    The company already issues public reports on its company-wide affirmative initiatives and provides data on its workforce diversity, and

 

    The company has had no recent, significant EEO-related violations or litigation

 

Sexual Orientation

 

Vote FOR proposals seeking to amend a company’s EEO statement in order to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, unless the change would result in excessive costs for the company.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to ext end company benefits to or eliminate benefits from domestic partners. Benefits decisions should be left to the discretion of the company.

 

10. Mutual Fund Proxies

 

Election of Directors

 

Vote the election of directors on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors: board structure; director independence and qualifications; and compensation of directors within the fund and the family of funds attendance at board and committee meetings.

 

Votes should be withheld from directors who:

 

    attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings

 

    without a valid excuse for the absences. Valid reasons include illness or

 

    absence due to company business. Participation via telephone is acceptable.

 

    In addition, if the director missed only one meeting or one day’s

 

    meetings, votes should not be withheld even if such absence dropped the

 

    director’s attendance below 75 percent.

 

    ignore a shareholder proposal that is approved by a majority of shares

 

    outstanding;

 

    ignore a shareholder proposal that is approved by a majority of the

 

    votes cast for two consecutive years;

 

    are interested directors and sit on the audit or nominating committee; or

 

    are interested directors and the full board serves as the audit or

 

    nominating committee or the company does not have one of these

 

    committees.

 

79


Table of Contents

Converting Closed-end Fund to Open-end Fund

 

Vote conversion proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors: past performance as a closed-end fund; market in which the fund invests; measures taken by the board to address the discount; and past shareholder activism, board activity, and votes on related proposals.

 

Proxy Contests

 

Votes on proxy contests should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:

 

    Past performance relative to its peers

 

    Market in which fund invests

 

    Measures taken by the board to address the issues

 

    Past shareholder activism, board activity, and votes on related proposals

 

    Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents

 

    Independence of directors

 

    Experience and skills of director candidates

 

    Governance profile of the company

 

    Evidence of management entrenchment

 

Investment Advisory Agreements

 

Votes on investment advisory agreements should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:

 

    Proposed and current fee schedules

 

    Fund category/investment objective

 

    Performance benchmarks

 

    Share price performance as compared with peers

 

    Resulting fees relative to peers

 

    Assignments (where the advisor undergoes a change of control)

 

Approving New Classes or Series of Shares

 

Vote FOR the establishment of new classes or series of shares.

 

Preferred Stock Proposals

 

Votes on the authorization for or increase in preferred shares should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors: stated specific financing purpose, possible dilution for common shares, and whether the shares can be used for antitakeover purposes

 

1940 Act Policies

 

Votes on 1940 Act policies should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors: potential competitiveness; regulatory developments; current and potential returns; and current and potential risk.

 

80


Table of Contents

Generally vote FOR these amendments as long as the proposed changes do not fundamentally alter the investment focus of the fund and do comply with the current SEC interpretation.

 

Changing a Fundamental Restriction to a Nonfundamental Restriction

 

Proposals to change a fundamental restriction to a nonfundamental restriction should be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors: the fund’s target investments, the reasons given by the fund for the change, and the projected impact of the change on the portfolio.

 

Change Fundamental Investment Objective to Nonfundamental

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to change a fund’s fundamental investment objective to nonfundamental.

 

Name Change Proposals

 

Votes on name change proposals should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors: political/economic changes in the target market, consolidation in the target market, and current asset composition

 

Change in Fund’s Subclassification

 

Votes on changes in a fund’s subclassification should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors: potential competitiveness, current and potential returns, risk of concentration, and consolidation in target industry

 

Disposition of Assets/Termination/Liquidation

 

Vote these proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors: strategies employed to salvage the company; the fund’s past performance; and terms of the liquidation.

 

Changes to the Charter Document

 

Votes on changes to the charter document should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors:

 

    The degree of change implied by the proposal

 

    The efficiencies that could result

 

    The state of incorporation

 

    Regulatory standards and implications

 

Vote AGAINST any of the following changes:

 

    Removal of shareholder approval requirement to reorganize or terminate the trust or any of its series

 

    Removal of shareholder approval requirement for amendments to the new declaration of trust

 

    Removal of shareholder approval requirement to amend the fund’s management contract, allowing the contract to be modified by the investment manager and the trust management, as permitted by the 1940 Act

 

    Allow the trustees to impose other fees in addition to sales charges on investment in a fund, such as deferred sales charges and redemption fees that may be imposed upon redemption of a fund’s shares

 

81


Table of Contents
    Removal of shareholder approval requirement to engage in and terminate subadvisory arrangements

 

    Removal of shareholder approval requirement to change the domicile of the fund

 

Changing the Domicile of a Fund

 

Vote reincorporations on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors: regulations of both states; required fundamental policies of both states; and the increased flexibility available.

 

Authorizing the Board to Hire and Terminate Subadvisors Without Shareholder Approval

 

Vote AGAINST proposals authorizing the board to hire/terminate subadvisors without shareholder approval.

 

Distribution Agreements

 

Vote these proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors: fees charged to comparably sized funds with similar objectives, the proposed distributor’s reputation and past performance, the competitiveness of the fund in the industry, and terms of the agreement.

 

Master-Feeder Structure

 

Vote FOR the establishment of a master-feeder structure.

 

Mergers

 

Vote merger proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors: resulting fee structure, performance of both funds, continuity of management personnel, and changes in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder rights.

 

Shareholder Proposals to Establish Director Ownership Requirement

 

Generally vote AGAINST shareholder proposals that mandate a specific minimum amount of stock that directors must own in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board. While ISS favors stock ownership on the part of directors, the company should determine the appropriate ownership requirement.

 

Shareholder Proposals to Reimburse Shareholder for Expenses Incurred

 

Voting to reimburse proxy solicitation expenses should be analyzed on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. In cases where ISS recommends in favor of the dissidents, we also recommend voting for reimbursing proxy solicitation expenses.

 

Shareholder Proposals to Terminate the Investment Advisor

 

Vote to terminate the investment advisor on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the following factors: performance of the fund’s NAV, the fund’s history of shareholder relations, and the performance of other funds under the advisor’s management.

 

82


Table of Contents

Concise Global Proxy Voting Guidelines

 

Following is a concise summary of general policies for voting global proxies. In addition, ISS has country- and market-specific policies, which are not captured below.

 

Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports

 

Vote FOR approval of financial statements and director and auditor reports, unless:

 

    there are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used; or

 

    the company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific items that should be publicly disclosed.

 

Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Compensation

 

Vote FOR the reelection of auditors and proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees, unless:

 

    there are serious concerns about the accounts presented or the audit procedures used;

 

    the auditors are being changed without explanation; or

 

    nonaudit-related fees are substantial or are routinely in excess of standard annual audit fees.

 

Vote AGAINST the appointment of external auditors if they have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.

 

ABSTAIN if a company changes its auditor and fails to provide shareholders with an explanation for the change.

 

Appointment of Internal Statutory Auditors

 

Vote FOR the appointment or reelection of statutory auditors, unless:

 

    there are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the audit procedures used;

 

    questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed; or

 

    the auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.

 

Allocation of Income

 

Vote FOR approval of the allocation of income, unless:

 

    the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation; or

 

    the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position.

 

Stock (Scrip) Dividend Alternative

 

Vote FOR most stock (scrip) dividend proposals.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value.

 

Amendments to Articles of Association

 

Vote amendments to the articles of association on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

83


Table of Contents

Change in Company Fiscal Term

 

Vote FOR resolutions to change a company’s fiscal term unless a company’s motivation for the change is to postpone its AGM.

 

Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership

 

Vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below five percent unless specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.

 

Amend Quorum Requirements

 

Vote proposals to amend quorum requirements for shareholder meetings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Transact Other Business

 

Vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.

 

Director Elections

 

Vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless:

 

    Adequate disclosure has not been met in a timely fashion;

 

    There are clear concerns over questionable finances or restatements;

 

    There have been questionable transactions with conflicts of interest;

 

    There are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests; and

 

    The board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards.

 

Vote FOR individual nominees unless there are specific concerns about the individual, such as criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities.

 

Vote AGAINST shareholder nominees unless they demonstrate a clear ability to contribute positively to board deliberations.

 

Vote AGAINST individual directors if repeated absences at board meetings have not been explained (in countries where this information is disclosed).

 

Vote AGAINST labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee, as they are not required to be on those committees.

 

Director Compensation

 

Vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to nonexecutive directors unless the amounts are excessive relative to other companies in the country or industry.

 

Vote nonexecutive director compensation proposals that include both cash and share-based components on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Vote proposals that bundle compensation for both nonexecutive and executive directors into a single resolution on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for nonexecutive directors.

 

84


Table of Contents

Discharge of Board and Management

 

Vote FOR discharge of the board and management, unless:

 

    there are serious questions about actions of the board or management for the year in question; or

 

    legal action is being taken against the board by other shareholders.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to remove approval of discharge of board and management from the agenda.

 

Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions

 

Vote proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to indemnify auditors.

 

Board Structure

 

Vote FOR proposals to fix board size.

 

Vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and mandatory retirement ages for directors.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of the company or the board.

 

Share Issuance Requests

 

General Issuances:

 

Vote FOR issuance requests with preemptive rights to a maximum of 100 percent over currently issued capital.

 

Vote FOR issuance requests without preemptive rights to a maximum of 20 percent of currently issued capital.

 

Specific Issuances:

 

Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on all requests, with or without preemptive rights.

 

Increases in Authorized Capital

 

Vote FOR nonspecific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 100 percent over the current authorization unless the increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding.

 

Vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to any amount, unless:

 

    the specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or merger) does not meet ISS guidelines for the purpose being proposed; or

 

    the increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding after adjusting for all proposed issuances (and less than 25 percent for companies in Japan).

 

Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.

 

85


Table of Contents

Reduction of Capital

 

Vote FOR proposals to reduce capital for routine accounting purposes unless the terms are unfavorable to shareholders.

 

Vote proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructuring on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Vote AGAINST requests for the creation or continuation of dual class capital structures or the creation of new or additional supervoting shares.

 

Capital Structures

 

Vote FOR resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one share, one vote capital structure.

 

Preferred Stock

 

Vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to 50 percent of issued capital unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the rights of existing shareholders.

 

Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets ISS’s guidelines on equity issuance requests.

 

Vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting rights to the common shares.

 

Vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.

 

Vote proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Debt Issuance Requests

 

Vote nonconvertible debt issuance requests on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, with or without preemptive rights.

 

Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible debt instruments as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets ISS’s guidelines on equity issuance requests.

 

Vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the restructuring would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.

 

Pledging of Assets for Debt

 

Vote proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Increase in Borrowing Powers

 

Vote proposals to approve increases in a company’s borrowing powers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Share Repurchase Plans:

 

Vote FOR share repurchase plans, unless:

 

    clear evidence of past abuse of the authority is available; or

 

    the plan contains no safeguards against selective buybacks.

 

86


Table of Contents

Reissuance of Shares Repurchased:

 

Vote FOR requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this authority in the past.

 

Capitalization of Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase In Par Value:

 

Vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.

 

Reorganizations/Restructurings:

 

Vote reorganizations and restructurings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Mergers and Acquisitions:

 

Vote FOR mergers and acquisitions, unless:

 

    the impact on earnings or voting rights for one class of shareholders is disproportionate to the relative contributions of the group; or

 

    the company’s structure following the acquisition or merger does not reflect good corporate governance.

 

Vote AGAINST if the companies do not provide sufficient information upon request to make an informed voting decision.

 

ABSTAIN if there is insufficient information available to make an informed voting decision.

 

Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers:

 

Vote proposals to waive mandatory takeover bid requirements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Reincorporation Proposals:

 

Vote reincorporation proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Expansion of Business Activities:

 

Vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the new business takes the company into risky areas.

 

Related-Party Transactions:

 

Vote related-party transactions on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Compensation Plans:

 

Vote compensation plans on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Antitakeover Mechanisms:

 

Vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals unless they are structured in such a way that they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer.

 

87


Table of Contents

Shareholder Proposals:

 

Vote all shareholder proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

 

Vote FOR proposals that would improve the company’s corporate governance or business profile at a reasonable cost.

 

Vote AGAINST proposals that limit the company’s business activities or capabilities or result in significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.

 

88


Table of Contents

Baring Asset Management, Inc.

Baring International Investment Limited

Baring Asset Management (Asia) Limited

(together, the “Companies”)

 

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

For North American Clients

 

Executive Summary

 

The Companies owe fiduciary, contractual, and statutory duties to vote proxies on the securities that we manage for many of our clients. A breach of our proxy voting responsibilities may lead to financial and reputational damage to the Companies. Proxy proposals are reviewed and transmitted to Barings’ third party proxy administrator (“ISS”) by the Global Events department in London. However, investment managers (or SIT heads, if investment managers are indisposed) are principally responsible for ensuring that proxy voting in respect of their portfolio holdings takes place in accordance with these procedures. For proxies concerning routine corporate governance matters, the Companies generally vote in favor of management proposals or with managements’ recommendations. For “non-routine” matters, investment managers must determine the proxy vote that will maximize the value of clients’ securities holdings.

 

Summary responsibilities are set forth below:

 

Investment Managers:

    Identify and ensure the Global Events department is aware of impending shareholder meetings and proxy proposals regarding non-routine matters;
    Instruct the Global Events department regarding the proxy votes to be cast on all “non-routine” matters;
    Notify the Proxy Voting Committee prior to casting proxy votes contrary to these Proxy Voting Policies;
    Ensure that the Proxy Voting Policies are implemented in regard to the proxies appurtenant to securities in their portfolios; and
    Identify “non-routine” proxy proposals

 

The Global Events Department:

    Collects proxy proposals from ISS and investment managers;
    Reviews proxies to gauge whether proposals concern “routine” matters at annual shareholder meetings, in which case custodians are instructed to vote “for” management;
    Distributes proxies concerning all “non-routine” proposals to investment managers, and collects completed proxy voting instructions from investment managers;
    Verifies that Proxy Voting Committee has been notified for any proxy vote to be cast that is contrary to these Policies;
    Notifies ISS regarding the votes cast by the Companies; and
    Maintains records of the Companies’ proxy votes, and the reasons therefore, for review by investment managers, clients, and government agencies.

 

The Proxy Voting Committee:

    Establishes and reviews the Companies’ proxy voting policies;
    Advises investment managers upon request regarding unusual proxy proposals;
    Reviews recommendations of investment managers who suggest casting proxy votes that are contrary to the Companies’ policies; and
    Reviews, quarterly, the proxy votes cast by the Companies.

 

The Onsite system identifies clients for whom the Companies vote proxies. The Global Events and Legal departments can provide additional details, if needed.

 

89


Table of Contents

The Companies have prepared a synopsis of these procedures that may be disseminated to clients and prospective clients of the Companies. Please contact the Client Services department for a copy of that synopsis. In addition, Clients may obtain a complete copy of the Companies’ proxy voting policies and procedures by contacting Baring Asset Management, Inc.’s Legal and Compliance Department at (617) 946-5200.

 

90


Table of Contents

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

For North American Clients

 

A. Overview of the Companies’ Proxy Voting Responsibilities

 

1. Clients That Are Affected By These Policies

 

For many clients, the Companies have assumed contractual responsibility to vote proxies on the securities that we manage for those clients’ accounts. For ERISA clients (i.e., employee benefit plans formed pursuant to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974), the Companies owe fiduciary and statutory duties to vote proxies on client securities unless the clients explicitly have retained the obligation to do so. The Companies vote proxies for those North American clients who have invested in certain commingled funds , but do not vote proxies for clients who have invested in the “active/passive” commingled funds maintained at State Street Bank, which retains authority to vote proxies for those clients. Please review the Onsite system or contact the Global Events or Legal departments to ascertain whether a particular client has delegated proxy voting responsibility to the Companies.

 

2. Investment Managers Must Ensure That Proxy Voting On Securities In Their Portfolios Takes Place In Accordance With These Procedures

 

The Global Events department in London (tel. ext. 1529, fax ext. 1742) coordinates the collection of proxy proposals, instructs ISS on proxy votes, and maintains records, by client and security, of proxy votes and the reasons therefore. Investment managers, however, are most familiar with the companies that have issued proxies and the potential ramifications on corporate governance and share values of particular proxy votes. Consequently, investment managers must identify and ensure that the Global Events department is aware of impending shareholder meetings and proxy proposals (as described below), and instruct the Global Events department on how votes should be cast. Investment managers are primarily responsible for ensuring that proxies on holdings in their portfolios are voted in accordance with these procedures.

 

3. The Proxy Voting Committee

 

The Companies have established a Proxy Voting Committee to set policies and review, at least quarterly, the proxy votes that were cast by the Companies. The Proxy Voting Committee is available to investment managers, analysts, and other personnel for advice on voting unusual proxy proposals. Investment managers who recommend casting proxy votes that are contrary to the Companies’ policies must contact the Proxy Voting Committee before instructing the Global Events department on how such votes should be cast, and present reasons for recommending votes that are contrary to policies. The Global Events department will record whether investment managers have instructed how the Companies should vote on non-routine proxy matters and ensure that Investment Managers have sought guidance from the Proxy Voting Committee before casting votes that contravene the Companies Proxy Voting Policies. For additional information or assistance, please contact Amanda Bustard (London, ext. 1529) or Traci A. Thelen (Boston, ext. 5311).

 

B. Proxy Voting Procedures

 

1.   The Companies employ a third-party vendor, ISS, to review specific proposals and notify the Companies of upcoming shareholder meetings.

 

2.  

In most cases, the Global Events department will determine whether a proxy proposal concerns a routine matter or a non-routine matter (see “Proxy Voting Policies, #3” below.) The Global Events department maintains “standing instructions” (described below) that direct ISS to vote routine proposals at annual shareholder meetings for issuers located in geographic regions with well-established markets. Despite standing instructions, the Global Events department endeavors to review each proxy proposal to ensure that non-routine proposals (regarding, for example, a merger, acquisition, or the implementation of anti-takeover measures) are identified and forwarded to appropriate investment managers for full consideration. To reiterate, however,

 

91


Table of Contents
 

investment managers are responsible for ensuring that non-routine matters are identified as such and voted in a manner designed to maximize the value of client securities holdings. Investment managers must ensure that the Global Events department is aware of pending non-routine proposals and advise the Global Events department accordingly.

 

3.   The Global Events department reconciles proxies with client holdings. The Global Events department additionally maintains records, by client and security issuer, of each proxy vote cast and the reasons therefore. The Global Events department will keep and maintain such records for inspection by clients and government agencies.

 

4.   Special Circumstances: Some non-U.S. securities issuers impose fees on shareholders or their custodians for exercising the right to vote proxies. Other issuers may “block,” or prohibit, shareholders from transferring or otherwise disposing of their shares for a period of time after the securities holders have noticed their intent to vote their proxies. Moreover, some issuers require the registration of securities in the name of the beneficial owners before permitting proxies to be cast, and thus mandate the disclosure of the identity of beneficial owners of securities, which may be contrary to our clients’ wishes. In these instances, the Global Events department will notify the appropriate investment managers of the costs or restrictions that may apply in voting proxies. Investment managers and the Global Events department, with guidance from the Proxy Voting Committee if desired, will weigh the economic benefit to our clients of voting those proxies against the cost of doing so.

 

The U.S. Department of Labor (the “U.S. Labor Department”), which enforces ERISA, recognizes that ERISA clients may incur additional costs in voting proxies appurtenant to shares of non-U.S. corporations. The U.S. Labor Department advises that investment advisers, such as the Companies, should weigh the effect of voting our clients’ shares against the cost of voting. Moreover, in choosing whether to purchase the shares of certain non-U.S. corporations, the Companies’ investment managers should consider whether the difficulty and expense of voting the proxies is reflected in the market price of those shares. Investment managers should consult the Global Events department to ascertain the anticipated costs of voting proxies on certain non-U.S. corporations.

 

C. Proxy Voting Policies

 

1.   The Companies’ fiduciary obligation is to maximize the value of our clients’ shareholdings, and our proxy voting decisions are made with that aim. For ERISA clients, the U.S. Labor Department has stated that “where proxy voting decisions may have an effect on the economic value of the plan’s underlying investment, plan fiduciaries (i.e., investment advisers) should make proxy voting decisions with a view to enhancing the value of the shares of stock.”

 

2.   The Companies will vote proxies on all proposals, except in those instances when investment managers determine that the economic returns of voting proxies issued by non-U.S. corporations are outweighed by the costs that would be incurred by client accounts.

 

3.   The Companies follow general voting guidelines, but recognize the importance of reviewing each proposal. The Companies’ voting guidelines concern, for the most part, proxies on “routine,” or non-controversial, matters of corporate governance. Investment managers ultimately are responsible for determining whether a proposal concerns a routine matter or a non-routine matter.

 

4.   The Companies generally vote in favor of management proposals on the following ballot items:

 

  a.   re-election of directors who have satisfied their fiduciary duties;
  b.   amendments to employee benefit plans;
  c.   approval of independent auditors;
  d.   directors’ and auditors’ compensation;

 

92


Table of Contents
  e.   directors’ and officers’ indemnification;
  f.   financial statements and allocation of income;
  g.   dividend payouts;
  h.   authorization of share repurchase programs; and
  i.   elimination of cumulative voting.

 

5.   Investment managers are responsible for advising the Global Events department on how votes should be cast on the following “non-routine” ballot measures:

 

  a.   changes to the issuer’s capitalization due to the addition or elimination of classes of stock and voting rights;
  b.   changes to the issuer’s capitalization due to stock splits and stock dividends;
  c.   the elimination of pre-emptive rights for share issuance;
  d.   the creation of, or changes to, anti-takeover measures, including shareholder rights plans (i.e., “poison pill” plans);
  e.   stock option plans, and other stock-based employee compensation or incentive plans;
  f.   the addition, deletion, or changes to super-majority voting requirements;
  g.   mergers or acquisitions;
  h.   the establishment or alteration of classified boards of directors; and
  i.   change-in-control provisions in management compensation plans.

 

6.   The Companies examine shareholder proposals in the same light that we review management proposals: to determine whether such proposals will maximize overall returns on our clients’ shareholdings, in accordance with ERISA and our fiduciary duties. The Companies generally vote in favor of the following ballot items, that often are proposed by shareholders:

 

  a.   requiring auditors to attend the corporation’s annual shareholders’ meeting;
  b.   establishing an annual election of the board of directors;
  c.   establishing audit, nominating, or compensation committees;
  d.   requiring shareholder approval of amendments to the by-laws and corporate articles;
  e.   requiring a shareholder vote on the creation of shareholder rights plans, and calling for the repeal of anti-takeover measures; and
  f.   requiring reasonable expansion of financial or compensation-related reporting.

 

7.   The Companies do not support proposals that would impose geographic or other restrictions on the businesses conducted by the issuers of the securities we manage for clients. The Companies do, of course, respect the investment guidelines of clients who choose not to own securities of companies that engage in certain lines of business or in certain regions. Investment managers must notify the Global Events department if a client has instructed the Companies regarding proxy voting on particular issues of corporate governance of other matters.

 

8.   Due to the volume of proxies received by the Companies and the routine nature of many proposals presented at annual shareholders meetings, the Companies maintain “standing instructions” with ISS to vote “in favor” of management proposals at annual shareholder meetings. The standing instructions regard only annual shareholder meeting for issuers located in the U.S., Canada, and well-developed Pacific Basin countries. Investment managers are responsible for ensuring that any non-routine matters to be voted upon at annual meetings are evaluated and voted in accordance with these policies. The standing instructions are subject to review by the Investment Managers, Proxy Voting Committee and the Global Events department. The Companies do not maintain standing instructions for proxies to be cast at “extraordinary” or special shareholders meetings.

 

9.  

Investment managers who recommend casting proxy votes that are contrary to the Companies’ policies must contact the Proxy Voting Committee before instructing the Global Events department on how such votes

 

93


Table of Contents
 

should be cast. The Global Events department is responsible for ensuring that investment managers have contacted the Proxy Voting Committee before such votes are cast.

 

10.   Investment Managers are responsible for: (a) identifying situations where there may be a material conflict between the Companies’ (including affiliates) interests and those of its clients concerning proxy votes and, (b) raising such matters with the Proxy Voting Committee before instructing the Global Events Department on how such votes should be cast. The Proxy Voting Committee will review the matter. If the Proxy Voting Committee determines that the facts present a material conflict of interest, the Companies will disclose the material conflict to the client(s) and obtain written consent from the client(s) before voting.

 

D. Recordkeeping

 

The Companies must retain the following documentation as it relates to proxy voting:

 

  1.   Proxy voting policies & procedures;
  2.   Proxy statements received regarding client securities;
  3.   Records of votes cast on behalf of clients;
  4.   Records of written client requests;
  5.   Records of written responses from the Companies to either written or oral client requests; and
  6.   Documents prepared by the Companies that were material to the decision on how to vote, or that memorialized the basis for the decision.

 

The above proxy voting records must be maintained in an easily accessible place for five years, the first two in an appropriate BAM office.

 

94


Table of Contents

APPENDIX C—ADDITIONAL PORTFOLIO MANAGER INFORMATION

 

Babson Capital Management LLC

 

Other Accounts Managed: Babson Capital’s portfolio managers are typically responsible for the day-to-day management of multiple accounts, including, among others, closed-end and open-end investment companies, as well as separate accounts for institutional clients (including foundations, endowments, pension funds and trusts) and high-net worth individuals.

 

Lance James and Steve Kylander, who manage the assets of the MassMutual Premier Mid-Cap Value Fund, also managed other accounts at September 30, 2005, the number and assets of which are identified below.

 

Portfolio Manager


  

Account Category


   Number of
Accounts*


  

Approximate Asset Size*


Lance James

   Registered Investment Companies    3    $552.6 million
     Other Pooled Investment Vehicles    1    $1 million
     Other Accounts    12    $458.3 million

Steve Kylander

   Registered Investment Companies    0    N/A
     Other Pooled Investment Vehicles    0    N/A
     Other Accounts    2    $39.7 million

*   Data as of September 30, 2005.

 

Material Conflicts of Interest: The potential for material conflicts of interest may exist when a portfolio manager has responsibilities for the day-to-day management of multiple accounts. These conflicts may be heightened to the extent a portfolio manager, Babson Capital and/or an affiliate has an investment in one or much of such accounts or an interest in the performance of such accounts. Babson Capital has identified (and summarized below) areas where material conflicts of interest are most likely to arise, and has adopted policies and procedures that it believes are reasonably designed to address such conflicts.

 

It is possible that an investment opportunity may be suitable for both a fund and other accounts managed by a portfolio manager, but may not be available in sufficient quantities for both the fund and the other accounts to participate fully. Similarly, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by a fund and another account. A conflict may arise where the portfolio manager may have an incentive to treat an account preferentially as compared to a fund because the account pays Babson Capital a performance-based fee or the portfolio manager, Babson Capital or an affiliate has an interest in the account. Babson Capital has adopted an investment allocation policy and trade allocation procedures to address allocation of portfolio transactions and investment opportunities across multiple clients. These policies are designed to achieve fair and equitable treatment of all clients over time, and specifically prohibit allocations based on performance of an account, the amount or structure of the management fee, performance fee or profit sharing allocations, participation or investment by an employee, Babson Capital or an affiliate, whether the account is public, private, proprietary or third party.

 

Potential material conflicts of interest may also arise related to the knowledge and timing of a fund’s trades, investment opportunities and broker selection. Portfolio managers may have information about the size, timing and possible market impact of a fund’s trades. It is theoretically possible that portfolio managers could use this information for their personal advantage or the advantage of other accounts they manage or the possible detriment of a fund. For example, a portfolio manager could front run a fund’s trade or short sell a security for an account immediately prior to a fund’s sale of that security. To address these conflicts, Babson Capital has adopted policies and procedures governing employees’ personal securities transactions, the use of short sales, and trading between the fund and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager or accounts owned by Babson Capital or its affiliates.

 

95


Table of Contents

With respect to securities transactions for the funds, Babson Capital determines which broker to use to execute each order, consistent with its duty to seek best execution of the transaction. Babson Capital manages certain other accounts, however, where Babson Capital may be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or directed to trade such client’s transactions through a particular broker. In these cases, trades for a fund in a particular security may be placed separately from, rather than aggregated with, such other accounts. Placing separate transaction orders for a security may temporarily affect the market price of the security or otherwise affect the execution of the transaction to the possible detriment of a fund or the other account(s) involved. Babson Capital has policies and procedures that address best execution and directed brokerage.

 

A portfolio manager may also face other potential conflicts of interest in managing a fund, and the above is not a complete description of every conflict of interest that could be deemed to exist in managing both a fund and the other accounts listed above.

 

Compensation: The compensation package for portfolio managers is comprised of base salary, a performance-driven annual bonus, and discretionary long-term incentives. The performance-driven bonus is based on the performance of the accounts managed by the portfolio manager relative to appropriate benchmarks and external competitive peer groups. Performance of the fund, like other accounts a portfolio manager manages, is evaluated on a pre-tax basis, and is reviewed over one and three-year periods, with greater emphasis given to the latter. There are other factors that affect bonus awards to a lesser extent, such as client satisfaction, teamwork, the growth of assets under management, and the overall success of Babson Capital. Long-term incentives may take the form of deferred cash awards, phantom equity awards in Babson Capital (e.g., deferred cash awards that provide a portfolio manager with the economic equivalent of a “shareholder” interest in the firm by linking the value of the award to a formula which ties to the value of the business), and/or, in the case of a portfolio manager who manages a private investment fund with a performance fee, a deferred cash award that results in the manager receiving amounts based on the amount of the performance fee paid by such fund (a “performance fee award”). These long-term incentives vest over time and are granted annually, based upon the same criteria used to determine the performance-driven annual bonus detailed above. Because portfolio managers are generally responsible for multiple accounts (including the MML Funds), they are compensated on the overall performance of the accounts that they manage, rather than a specific account, except for the portion of compensation relating to any performance fee award.

 

Ownership of Securities: The portfolio managers do not own any shares of the MassMutual Premier Mid-Cap Value Fund.

 

96


Table of Contents

Baring International Investment Limited

 

Other Accounts Managed: Christopher Lees (the “Portfolio Manager”), who manages the assets of the MassMutual Premier Focused International Fund (the “Fund”), also managed other accounts at September 30, 2005, the number and assets of which are identified below.

 

Portfolio Manager


  

Account Category


   Number of
Accounts*


  

Approximate Asset Size*


Christopher Lees

  

Registered Investment Companies

Other Pooled Investment Vehicles

Other Accounts**

   0
3
4
  

0

$21 million

$308 million


*   Data as of September 30, 2005.
**   For one of these accounts, the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.

 

Material Conflicts of Interest: The potential for material conflicts of interest may exist when a portfolio manager has responsibilities for the day-to-day management of multiple accounts. Baring International Investment Limited (“Baring”) has identified areas where material conflicts of interest are most likely to arise, and has adopted policies and procedures that it believes are reasonably designed to address such conflicts.

 

It is possible that an investment opportunity may be suitable for both the Fund and other accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager, but may not be available in sufficient quantities for both the Fund and the other accounts to participate fully. Similarly, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by the Fund and another account. Baring has procedures in place to ensure fair treatment of clients in the allocation of trades. Trades are pre-allocated to the relevant accounts before the order is relayed to the broker. Monitoring is undertaken on a sample basis by compliance to verify that the procedures governing fair allocation and fair participation have been followed and that there are no related issues which give rise to any concerns.

 

Other conflicts of interest may arise as a result of the Portfolio Manager managing both the Fund’s investments and the investments of other accounts, and the above is not a complete description of every conflict of interest that could be deemed to exist.

 

Compensation: Baring’s philosophy on compensation focuses on allowing key employees to participate in the success of our firm. We are incentive oriented, in the sense that contribution to client results is more important than an individual’s title or longevity with the firm in determining their total compensation. There are three components to our compensation package.

 

    A competitive base salary.
    An annual bonus. For investment professionals, at least 2/3 of the bonus is based on investment performance. We have put in place a detailed analytical system which tracks the 1 and 3 year performance of our investment professionals. The remainder is a subjective assessment of the individual’s sharing of investment insights firm-wide and their efforts in client service. The benefits of this approach are in the transparency and accountability that this methodology brings.
    An equity-based long-term incentive award. Approximately 100 key employees, including the majority of the investment staff, participate. Each year a significant portion of bonuses is invested directly in phantom equity in BAM. These shares are valued quarterly based on a formula linked to firm revenues, profits, and assets under management. Equity ownership in BAM is designed to promote a partnership culture within the organisation.

 

Ownership of Securities: The Portfolio Manager does not own any shares of the Fund.

 

97


Table of Contents

MassMutual Premier Funds

 

PART C. OTHER INFORMATION

 

ITEM 22. EXHIBITS.

 

(a)   Agreement and Declaration of Trust
    (1)    Agreement and Declaration of Trust (1)
    (2)    Amendment No. 1 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (1)
    (3)    Amendment No. 2 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (2)
    (4)    Amendment No. 3 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (2)
    (5)    Amendment No. 4 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (3)
    (6)    Amendment No. 5 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (4)
    (7)    Amendment No. 6 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (5)
    (8)    Amendment No. 7 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (6)
    (9)    Amendment No. 8 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (7)
    (10)    Amendment No. 9 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (10)
    (11)    Amendment No. 10 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (11)
    (12)    Amendment No. 11 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (12)
    (13)    Amendment No. 12 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (16)
    (14)    Amendment No. 13 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (16)
    (15)    Amendment No. 14 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (19)
    (16)    Amendment No. 15 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (19)
    (17)    Amendment No. 16 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (21)
    (18)    Amendment No. 17 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (21)
    (19)    Amendment No. 18 to Agreement and Declaration of Trust is filed herein as Exhibit a(19).
(b)   By-Laws
    (1)    By-Laws of MassMutual Premier Funds (formerly, The DLB Fund Group,) (the “Trust”) (1)
    (2)    Amendment to Article 10 of the By-Laws of the Trust (17)
(c)   Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders - See Exhibits (a) and (b)
(d)   Forms of Management Contracts
    (1)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (“MassMutual”) relating to the Money Market Fund (22)
    (2)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Short-Duration Bond Fund (22)
    (3)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Inflation-Protected Bond Fund (22)
    (4)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Core Bond Fund (22)
    (5)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Diversified Bond Fund (22)
    (6)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Balanced Fund (22)
    (7)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Value Fund (22)
    (8)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Small Company Opportunities Fund (22)
    (9)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the International Equity Fund (22)


Table of Contents
    (10)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Core Growth Fund (22)
    (11)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Enhanced Index Core Equity Fund (22)
    (12)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Enhanced Index Growth Fund (22)
    (13)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Enhanced Index Value Fund (22)
    (14)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the High Yield Fund (22)
    (15)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Small Capitalization Value Fund (22)
    (16)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and Mass Mutual relating to the Enhanced Index Value Fund II (22)
    (17)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson Capital Management LLC (“Babson”) relating to the Money Market Fund (22)
    (18)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Short-Duration Bond Fund (22)
    (19)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Inflation-Protected Bond Fund (22)
    (20)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Core Bond Fund (22)
    (21)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Diversified Bond Fund (22)
    (22)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Balanced Fund (22)
    (23)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Value Fund (22)
    (24)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Small Company Opportunities Fund (22)
    (25)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and OppenheimerFunds, Inc. (“OFI”) relating to the International Equity Fund (22)
    (26)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Core Growth Fund (22)
    (27)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Enhanced Index Core Equity Fund (22)
    (28)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Enhanced Index Growth Fund (22)
    (29)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Enhanced Index Value Fund (22)
    (30)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the High Yield Fund (22)
    (31)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Small Capitalization Value Fund (22)
    (32)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Enhanced Index Value Fund II (22)
    (33)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Strategic Income Fund (22)
    (34)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Main Street Fund (22)
    (35)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Capital Appreciation Fund (22)
    (36)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Global Fund (22)
    (37)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and OFI relating to the Strategic Income Fund (22)
    (38)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and OFI relating to the Main Street Fund (22)
    (39)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and OFI relating to the Capital Appreciation Fund (22)
    (40)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and OFI relating to the Global Fund (22)
    (41)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Mid-Cap Value Fund is filed herein as Exhibit d(41).
    (42)    Investment Management Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual relating to the Focused International Fund is filed herein as Exhibit d(42).
    (43)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Babson relating to the Mid-Cap Value Fund is filed herein as Exhibit d(43).
    (44)    Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between MassMutual and Baring relating to the Focused International Fund is filed herein as Exhibit d(44).
(e)   Underwriting Contracts
    (1)    General Distributors Agreement between MassMutual and MML Distributors, LLC (22)
    (2)    Sub-Distributor’s Agreement between MML Distributors, LLC and OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc. (23)


Table of Contents
(f)    Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts - Not Applicable
(g)    Custodian Agreements
     (1)    Custodian Agreement between the Trust and Investors Bank & Trust Company (“IBT”) with respect to the Enhanced Index Core Equity Fund, the Core Growth Fund, the High Yield Fund, the Enhanced Index Growth Fund, the Enhanced Index Value Fund, and the Small Capitalization Value Fund (22)
     (2)    Custodian Agreement between the Trust and IBT with respect to the Diversified Bond Fund, the Core Bond Fund, the Value Fund, the Money Market Fund, the Small Company Opportunities Fund, the Balanced Fund, the International Equity Fund, the Short-Duration Bond Fund, the Inflation-Protected Bond Fund and the Enhanced Index Value Fund II (22)
(h)    Other Material Contracts
     (1)    Transfer Agency and Service Agreement among the Trust, MassMutual and IBT with respect to the Enhanced Index Core Equity Fund, the Core Growth Fund, the High Yield Fund, the Enhanced Index Growth Fund, the Enhanced Index Value Fund and the Small Capitalization Value Fund (22)
     (2)    Transfer Agency and Service Agreement among the Trust, MassMutual and IBT with respect to the Diversified Bond Fund, the Core Bond Fund, the Value Fund, the Money Market Fund, the Small Company Opportunities Fund, the Balanced Fund, the International Equity Fund, the Short-Duration Bond Fund, the Inflation-Protected Bond Fund and the Enhanced Index Value Fund II (22)
     (3)    Form of Administrative and Shareholder Services Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual (19)
     (4)    Form of Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (6) and (19)
     (5)    Expense Limitation Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual with respect to the Enhanced Index Value Fund II (22)
     (6)    Expense Limitation Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual with respect to each series of the Trust other than the Enhanced Index Value Fund II (22)


Table of Contents
     (7)    Sub-Administration Agreement between MassMutual and IBT (22)
     (8)    Amendment to Sub-Administration Agreement (22)
     (9)    Sub-Administration Agreement between MassMutual and IBT (22)
     (10)    Expense Limitation Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual with respect to the Strategic Income Fund, Main Street Fund, Capital Appreciation Fund and Global Fund (22)
     (11)    Expense Limitation Agreement between the Trust and MassMutual with respect to the Mid-Cap Value Fund and Focused International Fund is filed herein as Exhibit h(11).
(i)    Legal Opinions
     (1)    Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray LLP (12)
     (2)    Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray LLP (21)
     (3)    Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray LLP (21)
     (4)    Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray LLP (23)
     (5)    Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray LLP is filed herein as Exhibit i(5).
(j)    Other Opinions
     (1)    Not Applicable
(k)    Omitted Financial Statements - Not Applicable
(l)    Letter of Understanding relating to Initial Capital (1)
(m)    Forms of Rule 12b-1 Plans
     (1)    Form of Class A Distribution and Service (Rule 12b-1) Plan (19)
     (2)    Form of Class Y Rule 12b-1 Plan (19)
     (3)    Form of Class L Rule 12b-1 Plan (19)
     (4)    Form of Class S Rule 12b-1 Plan (19)
     (5)    Form of Class N Rule 12b-1 Plan (19)
(n)    Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan relating to each series of the Trust is filed herein as Exhibit n.
(o)    Powers of Attorney for Nabil N. El-Hage, Kevin M. McClintock, Ronald J. Abdow, Maria D. Furman, Corine T. Norgaard and C. Ann Merrifield (22)


Table of Contents
(p)    Codes of Ethics
     (1)    Code of Ethics for Babson (23)
     (2)    Code of Ethics for the Trust, MassMutual and MML Distributors, LLC (23)
     (3)    Code of Ethics for OFI (23)
     (4)    Code of Ethics for Baring is filed herein as Exhibit p(4).

(1) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 filed on February 19, 1997.
(2) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 filed on April 30, 1998.
(3) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 filed on February 22, 1999.
(4) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 filed on April 22, 1999.
(5) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 filed on August 13, 1999.
(6) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 filed on October 29, 1999.
(7) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 filed on January 14, 2000.
(8) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on April 12, 2000.
(9) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 filed on June 19, 2000.
(10) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 filed on September 1, 2000.
(11) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 filed on October 19, 2000.
(12) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 filed on October 24, 2000.


Table of Contents
(13) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 filed on February 27, 2001.
(14) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 23 filed on April 11, 2001.
(15) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 filed on February 28, 2002.
(16) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 filed on February 28, 2003.
(17) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 filed on February 27, 2004.
(18) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 filed on July 30, 2004.
(19) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14, File No. 333-118009, filed on August 6, 2004.
(20) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 filed on October 13, 2004.
(21) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 filed on November 1, 2004.
(22) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 filed on December 29, 2004.
(23) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 filed on February 25, 2005.

 

ITEM 23. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH REGISTRANT.

 

As of July 1, 2004 the Registrant did not, directly or indirectly, control any Person. MassMutual owned more than 25% of the outstanding shares of each series of the Trust and therefore is deemed to “control” each such series of the Trust within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”).

 

The following entities are, or may be deemed to be, controlled by MassMutual through the direct or indirect ownership of such entities’ stock.

 

  1. CM Assurance Company, a Connecticut corporation which operates as a life and health insurance company, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual. This subsidiary is inactive.

 

  2. CM Benefit Insurance Company, a Connecticut corporation which operates as a life and health insurance company, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual. This subsidiary is inactive.

 

  3. C.M. Life Insurance Company, a Connecticut corporation which operates as a life and health insurance company, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual.

 

  4. MML Bay State Life Insurance Company, a Connecticut corporation which operates as a life and health insurance company, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual.

 

  5. MassMutual Mortgage Finance, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that makes, acquires, holds and sells mortgage loans, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual.


Table of Contents
  6. The MassMutual Trust Company, a federally chartered stock savings bank that performs trust services, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual.

 

  7. MML Distributors, LLC, a Connecticut limited liability company that operates as a securities broker-dealer. MassMutual has a 99% ownership interest and MassMutual Holding LLC has a 1% ownership interest.

 

  8. MassMutual Holding LLC, a Delaware corporation that operates as a holding company for certain MassMutual entities, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual.

 

  9. MassMutual Funding LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that issues commercial paper, all of the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.

 

  10. MassMutual Owners Association, Inc., a Massachusetts company that is authorized to conduct sales and marketing operations, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual.

 

  11. MassMutual Assignment Company, a North Carolina corporation that operates a structured settlement business, all of the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.

 

  12. MML Investors Services, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation that operates as a securities broker-dealer, all the capital stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.

 

  13. MML Insurance Agency, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation that operates as an insurance broker, all of the stock of which is owned by MML Investors Services, Inc.

 

  14. DISA Insurance Services of America, Inc., an Alabama corporation that operates as an insurance broker. MML Insurance Agency, Inc. owns all the shares of outstanding stock. This corporation has been dissolved.

 

  15. MML Insurance Agency of Mississippi, P.C., a Mississippi corporation that operates as an insurance broker and is controlled by MML Insurance Agency, Inc. This corporation has been dissolved.

 

  16. MML Insurance Agency of Texas, Inc., a Texas corporation that operated as an insurance broker and was controlled by MML Insurance Agency, Inc., through an irrevocable proxy arrangement. This corporation has been dissolved.

 

  17. MMLISI Financial Alliances, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that operates as a securities broker-dealer, all of the stock of which is owned by MML Investors Services, Inc.

 

  18. MassMutual Holding MSC, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation that operates as a holding company for MassMutual positions in investment entities organized outside of the United States. MassMutual Holding LLC owns all of the outstanding shares of MassMutual Holding MSC, Inc. This subsidiary qualifies as a “Massachusetts Security Corporation” under Chapter 63 of the Massachusetts General Laws.


Table of Contents
  19. MassMutual Corporate Value Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation, 46% of the shares of which are owned by MassMutual Holding MSC, Inc.

 

  20. MassMutual Corporate Value Partners Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation that operates as a high yield bond fund. MassMutual Corporate Value Limited holds an ownership interest of approximately 88.4% in MassMutual Corporate Value Partners Limited.

 

  21. 9048-5434 Quebec, Inc., a Canadian corporation that operated as the owner of Hotel du Parc in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. MassMutual Holding MSC, Inc. owned all the shares of 9048-5434 Quebec, Inc. This subsidiary is inactive.

 

  22. 1279342 Ontario Limited, a Canadian corporation that operates as the owner of Deerhurst Resort in Huntsville, Ontario, Canada. MassMutual MSC, Inc. owns all of the shares of 1279342 Ontario Limited.

 

  23. Antares Capital Corporation, a Delaware corporation that operates as a finance company. MassMutual Holding LLC owns approximately 80% of the capital stock of Antares Capital Corporation.

 

  24. Antares Asset Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation that provides investment advisory/investment management services to private investment funds established by Antares Capital Corporation (such as CDOs), all the stock of which is owned by Antares Capital Corporation.

 

  25. Cornerstone Real Estate Advisers LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that operates as an investment adviser, all of the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.

 

  26. Cornerstone Office Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that serves as the general partner of Cornerstone Suburban Office, L.P. Cornerstone Office Management, LLC is 50% owned by Cornerstone Real Estate Advisers LLC and 50% owned by MML Realty Management Corporation.

 

  27. Cornerstone Suburban Office, LP, a Delaware limited partnership, that operates as a real estate operating company. Cornerstone Office Management, LLC holds a 1% general partnership interest in this fund and MassMutual holds a 30% limited partnership interest.

 

  28. DLB Acquisition Corporation (“DLB”), a Delaware corporation that operated as a holding company for the David L. Babson companies. MassMutual Holding LLC owned 99% of the outstanding shares of capital stock of DLB. This corporation has been dissolved.

 

  29. Babson Capital Management LLC, a Massachusetts corporation that operates as an investment adviser, all of the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.

 

  30. Charter Oak Capital Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation that formerly operated as a manager of institutional investment portfolios. Babson Capital Management LLC owns 100% of the capital stock of Charter Oak Capital Management, Inc.

 

  31. Babson Capital Securities Inc., a Massachusetts corporation that operates as a securities broker-dealer, all of the stock of which is owned by Babson Capital Management LLC


Table of Contents
  32. Babson Investment Company, a Massachusetts securities corporation used to hedge certain employee benefit obligations of Babson Capital Management LLC

 

  33. S.I. International Assets (formerly known as Babson-Stewart Ivory International), a Massachusetts general partnership that operates as an investment adviser. Babson Capital Management LLC holds a 50% ownership interest in the partnership and is one of the general partners. This corporation has been dissolved.

 

  34. FITech Asset Management, L.P. (“AM”), a Delaware Limited Partnership, formed to manage FITech Domestic Value, L.P. (“the Fund”), a “fund-of-funds” that invests in hedge funds. Babson Capital Management LLC is a limited partner in AM, with a 58% controlling interest.

 

  35. FITech Domestic Partners, LLC (“DP”), a Delaware LLC that is a general partner of FITech Asset Management, L.P. (“AM”). Babson Capital Management LLC is a limited partner in DP, holding a 58% controlling interest.

 

  36. Leland Fund Multi G.P., Ltd. (“Multi”) is a corporation that acts as the general partner to several entities that comprise the hedge fund known as Leland, all the stock of which is owned by Babson Capital Management LLC

 

  37. Leland Fund (Cayman), Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company that acts as a private investment fund, all the stock of which is owned by Leland Fund Multi G.P., Ltd.

 

  38. Leland Fund (Blocker), Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company that acts as a private investment fund, all the stock of which is owned by Leland Fund Multi G.P., Ltd.

 

  39. Babson Capital Management Inc., a California corporation that holds a real estate license, all the stock of which is owned by Babson Capital Management LLC.

 

  40. Babson Capital Guernsey Limited, an investment management company organized under the laws of the Isle of Guernsey, all the stock of which is owned by Babson Capital Management LLC.

 

  41. Babson Capital Europe Limited (formerly known as Duke Street Capital Debt Management of London), an institutional debt-fund manager organized under the laws of England and Wales, all the stock of which is owned by Babson Capital Guernsey Limited.

 

  42. Oppenheimer Acquisition Corp. (“OAC”), a Delaware corporation that operates as a holding company for the Oppenheimer companies. MassMutual Holding LLC owns 96.8% of the capital stock of OAC.

 

  43. OppenheimerFunds, Inc., a Colorado corporation that operates as the investment adviser to the Oppenheimer Funds, all of the stock of which is owned by OAC.

 

  44. Centennial Asset Management Corporation, a Delaware corporation that operates as investment adviser and general distributor of the Centennial Funds. OppenheimerFunds, Inc. owns all of the stock of Centennial Asset Management Corporation.


Table of Contents
  45. Centennial Capital Corporation, a Delaware corporation that formerly sponsored a unit investment trust, all of the stock of which is owned by Centennial Asset Management Corporation.

 

  46. OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc., a New York corporation that operates as a securities broker-dealer, all of the stock of which is owned by OppenheimerFunds, Inc.

 

  47. Oppenheimer Partnership Holding, Inc., a Delaware corporation that operates as a holding company, all of the stock of which is owned by OppenheimerFunds, Inc.

 

  48. Oppenheimer Real Asset Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation that is the sub-adviser to a mutual fund investing in the commodities markets, all of the stock of which is owned by OppenheimerFunds, Inc.

 

  49. Shareholder Financial Services, Inc., a Colorado corporation that operates as a transfer agent for mutual funds, all of the stock of which is owned by OppenheimerFunds, Inc.

 

  50. Shareholder Services, Inc., a Colorado corporation that operates as a transfer agent for various Oppenheimer and MassMutual funds, all of the stock of which is owned by OppenheimerFunds, Inc.

 

  51. OFI Private Investments, Inc., a New York based corporation that operates as a registered investment adviser, managing smaller separate accounts, commonly known as wrap-fee accounts, which are introduced by unaffiliated broker-dealers on a subadvisory basis for a stated fee. OppenheimerFunds, Inc. owns all of the stock of OFI Private Investments, Inc.

 

  52. OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc. (formerly known as OAM Institutional, Inc.), a New York based corporation that operates as a registered investment advisor, providing investment supervisory services on a discretionary basis to individual accounts, pension plans, insurance company separate accounts, public funds and corporations for a stated fee. OppenheimerFunds, Inc. owns all of the stock of OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.

 

  53. Trinity Investment Management Corporation, a Pennsylvania corporation and registered investment adviser that provides portfolio management and equity research services primarily to institutional clients, all of the stock of which is owned by OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.

 

  54. OFI Trust Company (formerly known as Oppenheimer Trust Company), a New York corporation that conducts the business of a trust company, all of the stock of which is owned by OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.

 

  55. HarbourView Asset Management Corporation, a New York corporation that operates as an investment adviser, all of the stock of which is owned by OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.

 

  56. OppenheimerFunds International, Ltd., a Dublin based investment adviser that advises the Oppenheimer offshore funds known as the Oppenheimer Funds plc. OppenheimerFunds, Inc. owns all of the stock of OFI Private Investments, Inc.


Table of Contents
  57. OppenheimerFunds (Asia) Limited, a Hong Kong mutual fund marketing company. OppenheimerFunds, Inc. holds a 5% ownership interest in OppenheimerFunds (Asia) Limited.

 

  58. Tremont Capital Management, Inc., a New York-based investment services provider that specializes in hedge funds, all the stock of which is owned by Oppenheimer Acquisition Corporation.

 

  59. Tremont (Bermuda), Ltd., a Bermuda-based investment adviser, all the stock of which is owned by Tremont Capital Management, Inc.

 

  60. Tremont Life Holdings Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of Bermuda. Tremont (Bermuda), Ltd. owns less than 10% of Tremont Life Holdings Limited.

 

  61. FITX Group Limited. Tremont (Bermuda), Ltd. owns 24.72% of FITX Group Limited.

 

  62. Tremont Partners, Inc. (formerly Tremont Advisers, Inc.), a Connecticut corporation that operates as a registered investment adviser, all of the stock of which is owned by Tremont Capital Management, Inc.

 

  63. Tremont Capital Management Limited, a company based in the United Kingdom, all the stock of which is owned by Tremont Capital Management, Inc.

 

  64. Tremont Futures, Inc., a Delaware Company that is a commodity pool operator and commodity trading adviser, all the stock of which is owned by Tremont Capital Management, Inc.

 

  65. Tremont Securities, Inc., a New York Company that is a registered broker-dealer, all the stock of which is owned by Tremont Capital Management, Inc.

 

  66. Tremont Capital Management Corp., a New York Company, 77% of which is owned by Tremont Capital Management, Inc.

 

  67. Credit Suisse First Boston Tremont Index LLC., a New York Company. Tremont Capital Management, Inc. owns less than 25% of Credit Suisse First Boston Tremont Index LLC

 

  68. Tremont Capital Management (Ireland) Limited, the manager of an Irish umbrella trust that manages a series of non-U.S. strategy based funds, all the stock of which is owned by Tremont Capital Management, Inc.

 

  69. CM Property Management, Inc., a Connecticut corporation that serves as the general partner of Westheimer 335 Suites Limited Partnership, all of the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC. The partnership holds a ground lease with respect to hotel property in Houston, Texas.

 

  70. HYP Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that operates as the “LLC Manager” of MassMutual High Yield Partners II LLC, a high yield bond fund. MassMutual Holding LLC owns all of the outstanding stock of HYP Management, Inc.


Table of Contents
  71. MassMutual Benefits Management, Inc. (formerly known as Westheimer 335 Suites, Inc.), a Delaware corporation that supports MassMutual with benefit plan administration and planning services. MassMutual Holding LLC owns all of the outstanding stock of MassMutual Benefits Management, Inc.

 

  72. MMHC Investment LLC (formerly known as MMHC Investment, Inc.), a Delaware limited liability company that is a passive investor in MassMutual/Darby CBO IM, Inc., MassMutual/Darby CBO LLC, MassMutual High Yield Partners II, LLC and other MassMutual investments. MassMutual Holding LLC owns all of the outstanding stock of MMHC Investment LLC.

 

  73. MassMutual/Darby CBO IM, Inc. a Delaware corporation that operates as the “LLC Manager” of MassMutual/Darby CBO LLC, a collateralized bond obligation fund. MMHC Investment LLC owns 50% of MassMutual/Darby CBO IM, Inc.

 

  74. MassMutual/Darby CBO, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that operates as a fund investing in high yield debt securities of U.S. and emerging market issuers. Babson Capital Management LLC is the Investment Manager. MassMutual owns 1.79%, MMHC Investment LLC owns 50% and MassMutual High Yield Partners LLC owns 2.39% of the ownership interest in MassMutual/Darby CBO LLC.

 

  75. MassMutual High Yield Partners II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that operates as a high yield bond fund. MassMutual holds approximately 2.49%, MMHC Investment LLC holds approximately 34.11% and HYP Management, Inc. holds approximately 6.82% for an approximate total of 43.42% of the ownership interest in MassMutual High Yield Partners II LLC.

 

  76. MML Realty Management Corporation, a Massachusetts corporation that formerly operated as a manager of properties owned by MassMutual, all of the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.

 

  77. Cornerstone Office Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that serves as the general partner of Cornerstone Suburban Office, L.P. MML Realty Management holds a 50% ownership interest and Cornerstone Real Estate Advisers LLC holds a 50% ownership interest in Cornerstone Office Management, LLC.

 

  78. MassMutual Holdings (Bermuda) Ltd., all of the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.

 

  79. MassMutual International, Inc., a Delaware corporation that operates as a holding company for those entities constituting MassMutual’s international insurance operations, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.

 

  80. MassMutual (Bermuda) Ltd., a corporation organized in Bermuda that operates as an exempted insurance company, all of the stock of which is owned by MassMutual International, Inc.

 

  81. MassMutual Europe, S.A., a corporation organized in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg that operates as a life insurance company, 99.9% of which is owned by MassMutual International, Inc. and .01% of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.

 

  82. MassMutual Asia Limited, a corporation organized in Hong Kong that operates as a life insurance company, 99.99% of which is owned by MassMutual International, Inc. and .01% of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.


Table of Contents
  83. MassMutual Insurance Consultants Limited, a corporation organized in Hong Kong that operates as a general insurance agent, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Asia Limited.

 

  84. MassMutual Trustees Limited, a corporation organized in Hong Kong that operates as an approved trustee for the mandatory provident funds. MassMutual Asia Limited, MassMutual Services Limited (in trust for MassMutual Asia Limited), MassMutual Guardian Limited (in trust for MassMutual Asia Ltd.), Kenneth Yu (in trust for MassMutual Asia Ltd.) and Elroy Chan (in trust for MassMutual Asia Limited) each hold a 20% ownership interest in MassMutual Trustees Limited.

 

  85. Protective Capital (International) Limited, a corporation organized in Hong Kong, is a dormant investment company, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Asia Limited. Protective Capital (International) Limited currently holds a 9.9% ownership interest in MassMutual Life Insurance Company in Japan.

 

  86. MassMutual Services Limited, a corporation organized in Hong Kong that provided policyholders with estate planning services. MassMutual Asia Limited holds a 50% interest and Elroy Chan holds a 50% interest (in trust for MassMutual Asia Limited) in MassMutual Services Limited. This company is now inactive.

 

  87. MassMutual Guardian Limited, a corporation organized in Hong Kong that provided policyholders with estate planning services. MassMutual Asia Limited holds a 50% interest and Elroy Chan (in trust for MassMutual Asia Limited) holds a 50% interest in MassMutual Guardian Limited. This company is now inactive.

 

  88. MassMutual Asia Investors Limited, a Hong Kong company that provides investment advisory services, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Asia Limited.

 

  89. MassMutual International Holding MSC, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation that currently acts as a holding company for the interests of MassMutual International, Inc. in Taiwan, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual International, Inc.

 

  90. MassMutual Mercuries Life Insurance Co., a Taiwan corporation that operates as a life insurance company. MassMutual International Holding MSC, Inc. holds a 38% ownership interest in MassMutual Mercuries Life Insurance Co.

 

  91. Fuh Hwa Investment Trust Co. Ltd., a mutual fund firm in Taiwan. MassMutual Mercuries Life Insurance Company holds a 31% ownership interest and MassMutual International Holding MSC, Inc. holds and 18.4% ownership interest.

 

  92. MassMutual Life Insurance Company, a Japanese corporation that operates as a life insurance company. MassMutual International, Inc. owns 88.7%, MassMutual Real Estate Co., Ltd. owns 1.3% and Protective Capital (International) Limited owns 9.9% of the outstanding shares of MassMutual Life Insurance Company (Japan).

 

  93. MM Real Estate Co., Ltd., a Japanese entity that holds and manages real estate. MassMutual Life Insurance Company (Japan) holds a 4.8% ownership interest and MassMutual International, Inc. holds a 95% ownership interest in MM Real Estate Co., Ltd.


Table of Contents
  94. MassMutual Leasing Company, a Japanese company that leases office equipment and performs commercial lending. MassMutual Real Estate Co., Ltd. holds a 90% interest and MassMutual Life Insurance Company (Japan) holds a 10% ownership interest in MassMutual Leasing Company.

 

  95. MassMutual Investment Management Company (Japan), a Japanese registered investment adviser, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.

 

  96. MassMutual Internacional (Chile) Limitada, a corporation organized in the Republic of Chile that operates as a holding company. MassMutual International, Inc. holds a 79.43% ownership interest, 1279342 Ontario Limited holds a 20.5% ownership interest and MassMutual Holding LLC holds a .07% ownership interest in MassMutual Internacional (Chile) Limitada.

 

  97. Origen Inversiones S.A., a corporation organized in the Republic of Chile that operates as a holding company. MassMutual Internacional (Chile) Limitada holds a 33.5% ownership interest in Origen Inversiones S.A.

 

  98. Compañia de Seguros Vida Corp S.A., (formerly Mass Seguros de Vida, S.A.) a corporation organized in the Republic of Chile that operates as an insurance company. MassMutual Internacional (Chile) Limitada owns 33.5% of the outstanding shares of Compañia de Seguros Vida Corp S.A.

 

  99. MassMutual Financial, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that operates as a holding company, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.

 

  100. MML Investment Products, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company licensed to carry on any lawful business purpose or activity not restricted by the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Financial, LLC. This company primarily makes investments.

 

  101. MMLA UK Limited, a limited liability company organized under the laws of England and Wales, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Financial, LLC.

 

  102. MML Assurance, Inc., a NewYork insurance company, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Financial, LLC.

 

  103. MML Financial Products, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is authorized to carry on any lawful business purpose or activity not restricted by the Delaware Limited Liability Act, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC. This company primarily enters into derivatives transactions in the form of credit default swaps.

 

  104. MML Series Investment Fund (the “Trust”), a Massachusetts business trust that operates as an open-end investment company. All the shares issued by the Trust are owned by MassMutual and certain of its affiliates.

 

  105. MML Series Investment Fund II, a Massachusetts business trust that operates as an open-end investment company. All shares issued by MML Series Investment Fund II are owned by MassMutual and certain of its affiliates.

 

  106. MassMutual Select Funds, a Massachusetts business trust that operates as an open-end investment company. The majority shares are owned by MassMutual.


Table of Contents
  107. MassMutual Premier Funds, a Massachusetts business trust that operates as an open-end investment company. The majority of shares are owned by MassMutual.

 

  108. Panorama Series Fund, Inc., a Maryland corporation that operates as an open-end investment company. All shares issued by the fund are owned by MassMutual and certain affiliates.

 

  109. Oppenheimer Series Fund Inc., a Maryland corporation that operates as an investment company of which MassMutual and its affiliates own a majority of certain series of shares issued by the fund.

 

  110. Somers CDO, Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation that operates as a fund investing in high yield debt securities of primarily U.S. issuers. MMHC Investment LLC holds 37.04% of the subordinated notes of this issue, which are treated as equity for tax purposes. MassMutual is the collateral manager of Somers CDO, Limited. Babson Capital Management LLC acts as sub-adviser.

 

  111. Saar Holdings CDO, Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation that operates as a collateralized debt obligation fund investing in high yield debt securities of primarily US issuers including, to a limited extent, convertible high yield bonds. MMHC Investment LLC holds 40% of the mandatorily redeemable preferred shares if this issuer. Such preferred shares are treated as equity for tax purposes. MassMutual is the collateral manager of Saar Holdings CDO, Limited. Babson Capital Management LLC acts as sub-adviser.

 

  112. Enhanced Mortgage-Backed Securities Fund Limited is a special purpose company incorporated with limited liability in the Cayman Islands, investing primarily in mortgage-backed securities. Babson Capital Management LLC is the Investment Manager. MassMutual holds all of the Class B notes and has covenanted to hold at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of the Class C Certificates directly or through a wholly owned affiliate.

 

  113. Perseus CDO I, Limited is a Cayman Islands corporation that operates as a collateralized debt obligation fund investing in a diversified portfolio of assets including high yield bonds, senior secured loans, a limited amount of equity securities and certain other assets. MMHC Investment LLC holds 33.4% of the Class D subordinated notes issued by Perseus CDO I Limited. Such notes are treated as equity for tax purposes. MassMutual is the portfolio manager and Perseus Advisors, L.L.C. is the portfolio advisor of Perseus CDO I, Limited. Babson Capital Management LLC acts as sub-adviser.

 

  114. MassMutual Global CBO I Limited is a Cayman Island Corporation that operates as a collateralized bond obligation fund investing in emerging market securities and high yield bonds. As of the closing date of this fund (June 16, 1999), MassMutual and its indirect subsidiary, MMHC Investment LLC, hold in the aggregate approximately 39.7% of the subordinated notes that are treated as equity for tax purposes. MassMutual is the Collateral Manager of MassMutual Global CBO I Limited. Babson Capital Management LLC acts as sub-adviser.

 

  115. Antares Funding L.P. is a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership that invests primarily in high yield bank loans and public high yield bonds. Antares Capital Corporation, an indirect subsidiary of MassMutual, is the collateral manager of Antares Funding LP. Antares Capital Corporation manages the selection, acquisition and disposition of the Loan Collateral Debt Securities. MassMutual manages the High Yield Collateral Debt Securities and Babson Capital Management LLC acts as sub-adviser.

 

  116. Maplewood (Cayman) Limited is an entity organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands that invests primarily in bank loans. Babson Capital Management LLC acts as investment adviser.

 

  117. Simsbury CLO Limited is a Cayman Islands corporation that operates as a collateralized bond obligations fund that invests primarily in bank loans and high yield bonds. MassMutual is investment adviser and Babson Capital Management LLC acts as sub-adviser. MassMutual and its affiliated subsidiaries own 34.35% of the Junior Subordinated Notes.


Table of Contents
  118. MassMutual Holdings (Bermuda) Ltd., a Bermuda company that acts as a holding company for certain MassMutual subsidiaries, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.

 

  119. Baring Asset Management Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales that acts an investment manager/adviser, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holdings (Bermuda) Ltd.

 

  120. Baring Asset Management Life Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales that acts as an authorized representative of NNUK under Section 44 of the Financial Services Act of 1986, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management Limited.

 

  121. Baring Fund Managers Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales that acts as a manager of BAM UK Collective Investment Schemes, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management Limited.

 

  122. Baring International Investment Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales that acts as an investment manager/adviser, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management Limited.

 

  123. Baring Pension Trustees Limited, a company organized under the laws of England and Wales that acts as a trustee for the pension scheme covering UK-based employees of Baring Asset Management Limited, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management Limited.

 

  124. Baring Private Investment Management Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales. This is a non-trading company, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management Limited.

 

  125. Baring Investment Services Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales that acts as a service company which supports all the BAM Group operating companies within the UK, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management Limited.

 

  126. Baring International Investment Management Holdings Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales that acts as and intermediate holding company, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management Limited.

 

  127. Baring Asset Management A.G., a company incorporated under the laws of Germany that provides marketing and client services regarding investment funds and other asset management products of the BAM group, all the stock of which is owned by Baring International Investment Management Holdings Limited.

 

  128. Baring Asset Management France S.A., a company incorporated under the laws of France that acts as an investment manager/adviser, all the stock of which is owned by Baring International Investment Management Holdings Limited.

 

  129. Baring Investment Administrative Services (South Africa) Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of South Africa. The company was incorporated to serve as the South African Representative Office for selected collective investment schemes as contemplated in the Regulations made pursuant to Section 37A(1) of the Units Trusts Control Act, 1981 as amended, all the stock of which is owned by Baring International Investment Management Holdings Limited

 

  130. Baring International Investment Management Limited, an intermediate holding company organized in Hong Kong, all the stock of which is owned by Baring International Investment Management Holdings Limited.


Table of Contents
  131. Baring Mutual Fund Management S.A., a company organized in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg that acts as the manager of the New Russia Fund, all the stock of which is owned by Baring International Investment Management Limited,

 

  132. Baring Asset Management UK Holdings Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales that acts as and intermediate holding company, all the stock of which is owned by Baring International Investment Management Limited.

 

  133. Baring Asset Management (CI) Limited, an investment management company organized under the laws of the Isle of Guernsey, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management UK Holdings Limited.

 

  134. Baring International Fund Managers (Ireland) Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of Ireland that acts as a manager of BAM Irish Collective Investment Schemes and Funds, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management UK Holdings Limited.

 

  135. Baring Mutual Fund Management (Ireland) Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of Ireland that acts as an investment adviser, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management UK Holdings Limited.

 

  136. Baring Sice (Taiwan) Limited, a regulated company organized in Taiwan, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management UK Holdings Limited.

 

  137. Baring Asset Management (Japan) Limited, a company organized in Japan that acts as an investment adviser, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management UK Holdings Limited.

 

  138. Baring Asset Management (Australia) Pty Limited, an investment adviser incorporated under the laws of Australia, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management UK Holdings Limited.

 

  139. Baring Asset Management (Asia) Holdings Limited, an intermediate holding company organized in Hong Kong, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management UK Holdings Limited.

 

  140. Baring Asset Management (Asia) Limited, a company organized in Hong Kong that acts as an investment adviser, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management (Asia) Holdings Limited.

 

  141. Baring International Fund Managers (Bermuda) Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of Bermuda that acts as a trustee of Baring Korea Trust Fund Ltd.’s undistributed funds, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management (Asia) Holdings Limited.

 

  142. Baring Asset Management Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation that acts as an intermediate holding company, all the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.

 

  143. Baring Asset Management, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation that acts as an investment adviser, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management Holdings, Inc.

 

  144. Baring Investment Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation that acts as a captive broker-dealer, all the stock of which is owned by Baring Asset Management Holdings, Inc.

 

  145. Golden Retirement Resources, Inc., a Delaware corporation that develops insurance-related products, 86% of the stock of which is owned by MassMutual Holding LLC.


Table of Contents

MassMutual or Babson Capital acts as the investment adviser of the following investment companies, and as such may be deemed to control them.

 

1. MML Series Investment Fund II, a Massachusetts business trust that operates as an open-end investment company. All shares issued by MML Series Investment Fund II are owned by MassMutual and certain of its affiliates. MassMutual acts as adviser for MML Series Investment Fund II and Babson Capital Management LLC acts as sub-adviser to certain series.

 

2. MassMutual Corporate Investors (“CI”), a Massachusetts business trust which operates as a closed-end investment company. Babson Capital Management LLC is the investment adviser to CI.

 

3. MassMutual Corporate Value Partners Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation that operates as a high-yield bond fund. MassMutual Corporate Value Limited holds an ownership interest of approximately 88.4% in MassMutual Corporate Value Partners Limited.

 

4. MassMutual High Yield Partners II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that operates as a high yield bond fund. MassMutual holds approximately 2.49%, MMHC Investment LLC holds approximately 34.11%, and HYP Management, Inc. holds approximately 6.82% for an approximate total of 43.42% of the ownership interest in this company.

 

5. MassMutual Premier Funds, a Massachusetts business trust which operates as an open-end investment company. All shares issued by the Trust are owned by MassMutual. MassMutual acts as adviser for each series and Babson Capital Management LLC acts as sub-adviser to certain series.

 

6. MassMutual Participation Investors (“PI”), a Massachusetts business trust which operates as a closed end investment company. Babson Capital Management LLC acts as the investment adviser to PI.

 

7. MassMutual/Darby CBO, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that operates as a fund investing in high yield debt securities of U.S. and emerging market issuers. Babson Capital Management LLC is the Investment Manager. MassMutual holds 1.79%, MMHC Investment LLC holds 50% and MassMutual High Yield Partners LLC holds 2.39% of the ownership interest in MassMutual/Darby CBO, LLC.

 

8. Somers CDO, Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation that operates as a fund investing in high yield debt securities of primarily U.S. issuers. MMHC Investment LLC holds 37.04% of the subordinated notes of this issue, which are treated as equity for tax purposes. MassMutual is the collateral manager of Somers CDO, Limited. Babson Capital Management LLC acts as sub-adviser.

 

9. Enhanced Mortgage-Backed Securities Fund Limited is a special purpose company incorporated with limited liability in the Cayman Islands, investing primarily in mortgage-backed securities. Babson Capital Management LLC is the Investment Manager. MassMutual holds all of the Class B notes and has covenanted to hold at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of the Class C Certificates directly or through a wholly owned affiliate.

 

10. Saar Holdings CDO, Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation that operates as a collateralized debt obligation fund investing in high yield debt securities of primarily U.S. issuers including, to a limited extent, convertible high yield bonds. MMHC Investment LLC holds 40% of the mandatorily redeemable preferred shares of this issuer. Such preferred shares are treated as equity for tax purposes. MassMutual is the collateral manager of Saar Holdings CDO, Limited. Babson Capital Management LLC acts as sub-adviser.


Table of Contents

11. Perseus CDO I, Limited is a Cayman Island Corporation that operates as a collateralized debt obligation fund investing in a diversified portfolio of assets including high yield bonds, senior secured loans, a limited amount of equity securities and certain other assets. MMHC Investment LLC holds 33.4% of the Class D subordinated notes issued by Perseus CDO I Limited. Such notes are treated as equity for tax purposes. MassMutual is the portfolio manager and Perseus Advisors, L.L.C. is the portfolio advisor of Perseus CDO I, Limited. Babson Capital Management LLC is the sub-adviser.

 

12. MassMutual Global CBO I Limited is a Cayman Island Corporation that operates as a collateralized bond obligation fund investing in emerging market securities and high yield bonds. As of the closing date of this fund (June 16, 1999), MassMutual and its indirect subsidiary, MMHC Investment LLC hold in the aggregate approximately 39.7% of the subordinated notes that are treated as equity for tax purposes. MassMutual is the Collateral Manager of MassMutual Global CBO I Limited. Babson Capital Management LLC acts as sub-adviser.

 

13. Antares Funding L.P. is a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership that invests primarily in high yield bank loans and public high yield bonds. Antares Capital Corporation, an indirect subsidiary of MassMutual, is the collateral manager of Antares Funding LP. Antares Capital Corporation manages the selection, acquisition and disposition of the Loan Collateral Debt Securities. MassMutual manages the High Yield Collateral Debt Securities and Babson Capital Management LLC acts a sub-adviser.

 

14. Maplewood (Cayman) Limited is an entity organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands that invests primarily in bank loans. Babson Capital Management LLC acts as investment adviser.

 

15. Simsbury CLO Limited is a Cayman Islands corporation that operates as a collateralized bond obligations fund that invests primarily in bank loans and high yield bonds. MassMutual is investment adviser and Babson Capital Management LLC acts as sub-adviser. MassMutual and its affiliated subsidiaries own 34.35% of the Junior Subordinated Notes.

 

16. Suffield CLO, Limited is a Cayman Islands Corporation that operates as a collateralized loan obligations fund that invests primarily in domestic bank loans and high yield bonds. Babson Capital Management LLC is the investment adviser. MassMutual holds 23.13% of the preferred shares.

 

17. Wilbraham CBO Ltd. is a Cayman Islands limited liability company that operates as collateralized bond obligations fund that invests primarily in bank loans and high yield bonds. Babson Capital Management LLC is the investment manager. MassMutual owns 33.99% of the preferred shares.

 

18. Enhanced Mortgage-Backed Securities Fund Limited II is a special purpose company incorporated with limited liability in the Cayman Islands, investing primarily in mortgage-backed securities. Babson Capital Management LLC is the investment manager. MassMutual holds approximately 33% of the Class C Certificates.

 

19. Special Value Bond Fund II, LLC is a Delaware limited liability company that operates as a high yield bond fund. Babson Capital Management LLC is co-manager of the fund. MassMutual owns 20% of the subordinated notes.

 

20. Leland Fund, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership that has made investments in a diversified international fund. Babson Capital Management LLC is the investment manager. MassMutual holds 70.47% of the ownership interest in this entity.


Table of Contents

21. Longmeadow CDO Debt Fund I, Limited, a fund investing in collateralized debt obligation securities that is managed by Babson Capital Management LLC

 

22. Hampden CBO Ltd, a cash/flow CDO investing in investment-grade bonds and loans, primarily U.S. MassMutual holds a 23% interest in the fund, which is managed by Babson Capital Management LLC

 

23. Phoenix Funding Limited, a cash/flow CDO that is managed by Babson Capital Management LLC

 

24. Palmyra Funding Limited, a fund investing in credit default swaps that is managed by Babson Capital Management LLC

 

25. Palmyra Funding II Limited, a fund investing in credit default swaps that is managed by Babson Capital Management LLC

 

26. Enhanced Mortgage-Backed Securities Fund Limited III is a special purpose company incorporated with limited liability in the Cayman Islands, investing primarily in mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, debt securities and derivative instruments. Mass Mutual holds approximately 90% of the equity in the Fund. Babson Capital Management LLC serves as the investment manager.

 

27. Connecticut Valley Structured Credit CDO I, Ltd., a fund investing in CBO debt securities. Babson Capital Management LLC serves as the investment manager. MassMutual currently has a 28% interest in the fund.

 

28. MassMutual/Boston Capital Mezzanine Partners, L.P. (“Fund I”) is a Delaware limited partnership that operates as a fund investing in junior and senior mortgage loans, mezzanine investments, preferred equity interests and other real estate assets located primarily in the United States. MMHC Investments LLC is a limited partner and owns 26.17 % of Fund I. Boston Mass, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, is the investment advisor and general partner and owns 1.0% of Fund I. MassMutual Mortgage Finance, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of MassMutual, is a co-manager and owns 50% of Boston Mass LLC.

 

29. Constitution Wharf Fund, Ltd., a hedge fund registered in the Cayman Islands for which Babson Capital Management LLC serves as the investment adviser.

 

30. Constitution Wharf Fund, LLC (formerly known as Copper Beech Fund LLC), a limited liability hedge fund organized under Delaware law for which Babson Capital Management LLC serves as investment manager. MassMutual currently has a majority ownership interest.

 

31. Constitution Wharf Offshore Fund Ltd. (formerly known as Copper Beech Offshore Fund Ltd.), a hedge fund registered in the Cayman Islands for which Babson Capital Management LLC serves as the investment adviser. MassMutual currently has a majority ownership interest.

 

32. Storrs CDO Ltd., a special purpose corporation organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands, that invests primarily in residential mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities, debt issued by real estate investment trusts and collateralized debt obligations. MassMutual holds a 20% equity interest in the company. Babson Capital Management LLC serves as investment adviser.

 

33. Phoenix LINRA Limited, a public limited liability company incorporated and registered in Jersey, Channel Islands, that invests primarily in synthetic investment grade bonds using credit default swaps. Babson Capital Management LLC acts as a financial sub agent.


Table of Contents

34. Newton CDO Limited, an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, that primarily invests in bank loans and high yield bonds. Babson Capital Management LLC acts as a collateral manager.

 

35. Oasis Development Limited, a private limited liability company incorporated and registered in Jersey, Channel Islands, the managing agent of PALMYRA Funding Limited, and PALMYRA II Funding Limited, public limited liability companies that invest primarily in synthetic investment grade bonds using credit default swaps).

 

36. Babson Capital Management LLC serves as collateral manager to the following entities organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands that invest primarily in bank loans: ELC (Cayman) Ltd., ELC (Cayman) Ltd. CDO Series 1999-I, ELC (Cayman) Ltd. 1999-III, ELC (Cayman) Ltd. 2000-I, APEX (IDM) CDO-I, Tryon CLO Ltd. 2000-I, as well as ELC (Cayman) Ltd. 1999-II, which invests primarily in bank loans and high yield bonds.

 

37. Tower Square Capital Partners, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership organized by Babson Capital Management LLC Capital Management LLC to invest primarily in mezzanine debt securities, and to a lesser extent in senior debt and/or private equity securities. MassMutual and its affiliates own, directly or indirectly, approximately 71% of the equity interests, of which a subsidiary of Babson Capital Management LLC is the general partner. MassMutual has purchased 33% of the Limited Partnership Interests in Tower Square Capital Partners, L.P. Babson Capital Management LLC serves as the Investment Manager.

 

38. Quantitative Enhanced Decisions Fund, L.P. is a Delaware limited partnership and Quantitative Enhanced Decisions Offshore Fund, Ltd is an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Substantially all of the capital of these entities is invested through a master feeder structure in Quantitative Enhanced Decisions Master Fund, L.P., a Cayman Islands limited partnership. These funds, organized in 2002, seek to achieve returns through investments primarily in investment-grade fixed income assets, including mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities, and derivative instruments. MassMutual currently owns approximately 60% of the equity in the domestic fund. Babson Capital Management LLC acts as an adviser through its relationship in the GP adviser.

 

39. Union Wharf Fund, LLC, a limited liability hedge fund organized under Delaware law for which Babson Capital Management LLC serves as investment manager.

 

40. Union Wharf Offshore Fund Ltd, a hedge fund registered in the Cayman Islands for which Babson Capital Management LLC serves as the investment adviser.

 

41. Sargent’s Wharf Fund, LLC, a limited liability hedge fund organized under Delaware law for which Babson Capital Management LLC serves as investment manager.

 

42. Sargent’s Wharf Offshore Fund Ltd., a hedge fund registered in the Cayman Islands for which Babson Capital Management LLC serves as the investment adviser.

 

43. MassMutual/Boston Capital Mezzanine Partners II, L.P. (“Fund II”) is a Delaware limited partnership that operates as a fund investing in junior and senior mortgage loans, mezzanine investments, preferred equity interests and other real estate assets located primarily in the United States. MassMutual is a limited partner and owns 28.7% of Fund II. Boston Mass II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, is the investment advisor and general partner. Babson Capital Management LLC is a co-manager and owns 50% of Boston Mass II LLC. CM Life is a 1.04% limited partner of Fund II.

 

44. Special Value Absolute Return Fund, LLC, a market value high yield/special situations CDO, organized under the laws of Delaware - Babson Capital Management LLC is a Co-Manager and a 7.5% Member of the Managing Member -MassMutual owns 7.5% of the equity in the fund (as a Member).


Table of Contents

45. Mill River Capital Partners, LP, a Convertible Arbitrage hedge fund (feeder fund), organized under the laws of Delaware. Babson Capital Management LLC is the sole member of the GP and is the Investment Manager - GP owns 0.1% of fund, MassMutual owns 99.9% (as the sole limited partner (LP)) (this is the on-shore feeder to the fund next named below).

 

46. Mill River Master Fund, LP, a Convertible Arbitrage hedge fund (master fund) organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Babson Capital Management LLC is the sole member of the GP and is the Investment Manager - GP owns 0.1% of fund, feeder owns 99.9%.

 

47. Connecticut Valley Structured Credit CDO II, Ltd., a cash flow CDO investing in CDO debt securities that is organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Babson Capital Management LLC is Portfolio Manager - MassMutual owns 22.24% of preference shares.

 

48. Tower Square Capital Limited - Mezzanine debt and equity fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands, an offshore feeder for Tower Square fund.

 

49. Freedom Collateralized Holding 1999 CDO, Ltd., a cash flow high yield bond CDO organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Babson Capital Management LLC serves as Investment Manager.

 

50. Freedom Collateralized Holding 2000 CDO, Ltd, a cash flow high yield bond CDO organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Babson Capital Management LLC serves as Investment Manager. MassMutual owns 26% of the preference shares.

 

51. Seaboard CLO 2000 Ltd., a Cash flow CLO organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Babson Capital Management LLC serves as Collateral Manager - MassMutual owns 40% of equity (“subordinated notes”).

 

52. Babson CLO Ltd. 2003-I is a Cayman Islands exempted limited liability company that operates as a collateralized loan obligations fund that invests primarily in domestic bank loans. Babson Capital Management LLC is the collateral manager. MassMutual holds 30.36% of the ordinary preferred shares.

 

53. Jackson Creek CDO, Ltd. a Cayman corporation that operates as a fund investing in high yield debt securities. MassMutual owns 32.5% of the non-voting preferred shares. Babson Capital Management LLC is the collateral manager of Jackson Creek CDO, Ltd.

 

54. Hakone Fund LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that invests in high yield bank loans, high yield bonds and commercial mortgage loans. MassMutual Life Insurance Company, a majority-owned indirect subsidiary of MassMutual will be the sole investor in Hakone. Babson Capital Management LLC is the investment manager.

 

55. Enhanced Mortgage-Backed Securities Fund Limited IV is a special purpose company incorporated with limited liability in the Cayman Islands, investing primarily in mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. Mass Mutual holds 38.33% interest in the Fund. Babson Capital Management LLC serves as the investment manager.


Table of Contents

56. Babson Capital High Yield LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is an unregistered, open-end investment fund investing primarily in high yield corporate debt obligations. MassMutual owns approximately 27% of the interests in this fund.

 

57. Babson Capital Small Cap Growth LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is an unregistered, open-end investment fund investing primarily in small cap equity securities. MassMutual owns approximately 1.5% of the interests in this fund.

 

58. Leland Fund Master G.P., L.P.

 

59. Leland Fund Multi G.P., Ltd. (“Multi”), a corporation that acts as the general partner to several entities that comprise the hedge fund known as Leland, all the stock of which is owned by Babson Capital Management LLC.

 

60. Leland Fund (Cayman), Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company that acts as a private investment fund, all the stock of which is owned by Leland Fund Multi G.P., Ltd.

 

61. Leland Fund (Blocker), Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company that acts as a private investment fund, all the stock of which is owned by Leland Fund Multi G.P., Ltd.

 

62. Winterset Capital Partners, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership that is a hedge fund. MassMutual holds 100% of the ownership interest in this fund.

 

63. Winterset Management LLC, an affiliate of Babson Capital, that serves as the general partner of Winterset Capital Partners, L.P. and Winterset Master Fund, L.P.

 

64. Winterset Master Fund, L.P., a Cayman Islands limited partnership that operates as a high yield bond and loan and special opportunities hedge fund.

 

65. WFC-Apt, LP, a Delaware limited partnership formed to take title to residential property.

 

66. Winmark Equipment Finance LLC, a Massachusetts equipment-leasing firm. MassMutual holds 50% of the ownership interest in this limited liability company.

 

67. Winmark Limited Funding, LLC, a Massachusetts equipment leasing entity. MassMutual indirectly owns 50% of the common member interest in this limited liability company.

 

68. Braemar Power & Communications, a Delaware limited partnership in which MassMutual holds a significant portion of the limited partnership interests.

 

69. Babson CLO Ltd. 2004-I, an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands. MassMutual holds approximately 20% of the ownership interests in this fund in the form of subordinated notes.

 

70. Leland Fund (Onshore), L.P.

 

71. Hanover/ Babson Equity Investors Manager LLC.

 

72. Babson CLO Ltd. 2004-II.

 

73. Babson CLO Ltd. 2005-I.

 

74. Babson CLO Ltd. 2005-II.

 

75. Enhanced Mortgage-Backed Securities Fund V Limited.

 

76. Boston Mass II, LLC, the general partner of Mass Mutual/Boston Capital Mezzanine Partners II, L.P.

 

77. Great Lakes LLC.

 

78. J/Z CBO (Delaware), LLC.

 

79. Tower Square Capital LLC.

 

80. TSCP Selective, L.P., a United States partnership.

 

81. Babson Capital Loan Strategies Fund Ltd.

 

82. PioneerValley Structured Credit CDO I, Ltd.

 

83. Stony Hill (Cayman) CDO I Ltd.

 

84. Stony Hill (Cayman) CDO II Ltd.

 

85. Stony Hill (Cayman) CDO III Ltd.

 

86. Stony Hill (Cayman) CDO IV Ltd.

 

87. Stony Hill (Cayman) CDO V Ltd.

 

88. Griffin’s Wharf Fund, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that operates as a long/short equity hedge fund.

 

89. Griffin’s Wharf Offshore Fund, Ltd., a Cayman Islands corporation that operates as a long/short equity hedge fund.


Table of Contents

MassMutual or Cornerstone Real Estate Advisers LLC acts as the investment adviser or manager of the following investment companies and limited liability companies, and as such may be deemed to control them.

 

1. Cornerstone Apartment Fund I, LLC. MassMutual’s ownership interest in this company is 19%.

 

2. Cornerstone Partners I, LLC. MassMutual’s ownership interest in this company is 35%.

 

3. Cambridge Hotel, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. MassMutual holds 65% ownership interest in this company.

 

4. CAV I, Inc., a Maryland corporation that invests in residential properties. MassMutual holds 24.1% ownership interest in this corporation.

 

5. Cornerstone Partners IV, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. MassMutual holds 55% ownership interest in this company.

 

6. Cornerstone Rotational Fund, LLC, a Delaware diversified, closed-end fund. MassMutual holds 100% of the ownership interest in this fund.

 

7. CREA/PPC Venture, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. MassMutual is the managing and controlling member of this entity.

 

8. LVC-APTS, LP., a Delaware limited partnership formed to take title to residential property.

 

9. Cornerstone Apartment Venture I, LLC is 100% owned by MassMutual on behalf of MassMutual and a MassMutual insurance company separate investment account whose sole contract holder is a New York State Teacher’s Retirement System. The entity was formed for the purpose of acquiring interest in entities that develop, own and operate apartment projects.

 

10. West Conshohocken, LP, a Pennsylvania limited partnership that owns an office building in suburban Philadelphia. MassMutual wholly owns this entity.

 

11. West Conshohocken, LLC, a Pennsylvania limited liability company that is the general partner of West Conshohocken, LP.

 

12. Rockville Town Center, LLC is a joint venture that owns real property. Because a third party is entitled to a contingent interest in cash flow and sale proceeds after a preferred return is realized, MassMutual holds a variable interest in this limited liability company.

 

13. Marco Island Condominium, LLC, a Florida limited liability company that was formed for the purpose of developing and selling condominiums constructed in Marco Island, Florida. This entity is 100% owned by MassMutual.

 

14. 300 Third Street, LLC is a joint venture that owns real property. Because a third party is entitled to a contingent interest in cash flow and sale proceeds after a preferred return is realized, MassMutual holds a variable interest in this limited liability company.

 

15. Hickory Creek Industrial, LLC is a joint venture that owns real property. Because a third party is entitled to a contingent interest in cash flow and sale proceeds after a preferred return is realized, MassMutual holds a variable interest in this limited liability company.

 

16. VPRH, LLC is a joint venture that owns real property. Because a third party is entitled to a contingent interest in cash flow and sale proceeds after a preferred return is realized, MassMutual holds a variable interest in this limited liability company.

 

17. Corporate Crossing, LLC is a joint venture that owns real property. Because a third party is entitled to a contingent interest in cash flow and sale proceeds after a preferred return is realized, MassMutual holds a variable interest in this limited liability company.


Table of Contents

Article VIII (Sections 1, 2 and 3) of Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides as follows with respect to indemnification of the Trustees and officers of Registrant against liabilities which may be incurred by them in such capacities:

 

Section 1. Trustees, Officers, Etc. The Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees and officers (including persons who serve at the Trust’s request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise) (hereinafter referred to as a “Covered Person”) against all liabilities and expenses, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and counsel fees reasonably incurred by any Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such Covered Person may be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of being or having been such a Covered Person, except with respect to any matter as to which such Covered Person shall have been finally adjudicated in any such action, suit or other proceeding to be liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office. Expenses, including counsel fees so incurred by any such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties), shall be paid from time to time by the Trust in advance of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered Person to repay amounts so paid to the Trust if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under this Article, provided, however, that either (a) such Covered Person shall have provided appropriate security for such undertaking, (b) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising from any such advance payments or (c) either a majority of the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter), or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall have determined, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry) that there is reason to believe that such Covered Person will be found entitled to indemnification under this Article.

 

Section 2. Compromise Payment. As to any matter disposed of (whether by a compromise payment, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise) without an adjudication by a court, or by any other body before which the proceeding was brought, that such Covered Person is liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office, indemnification shall be provided if (a) approved, after notice that it involves such indemnification, by at least a majority of the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter) upon a determination, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry), that such Covered Person is not liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office, or (b)there has been obtained an opinion in writing of independent legal counsel, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry), to the effect that such indemnification would not protect such Person against any liability to the Trust to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties


Table of Contents

involved in the conduct of his or her office. Any approval pursuant to this Section shall not prevent the recovery from any Covered Person of any amount paid to such Covered Person in accordance with this Section as indemnification if such Covered Person is subsequently adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction to have been liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office.

 

Section 3. Indemnification Not Exclusive. The right of indemnification hereby provided shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which such Covered Person may be entitled. As used in this Article VIII, the term “Covered Person” shall include such person’s heirs, executors and administrators and a “disinterested Trustee” is a Trustee who is not an “interested person” of the Trust as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act (or who has been exempted from being an “interested person” by any rule, regulation or order of the Commission), and against whom none of such actions, suits or other proceedings or another action, suit or other proceeding on the same or similar grounds is then or has been pending. Nothing contained in this Article shall affect any rights to indemnification to which personnel of the Trust, other than Trustees or officers, and other persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law, nor the power of the Trust to purchase and maintain liability insurance on behalf of any such person; provided, however, that the Trust shall not purchase or maintain any such liability insurance in contravention of applicable law, including without limitation the 1940 Act.

 

ITEM 25. BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER.

 

(a) The directors and executive officers of MassMutual, which is located at 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts, 01111, their positions with MassMutual, and their other principal business affiliations and business experience for the past two years are as follows:

 

Directors

 

ROGER G. ACKERMAN, Director (since 1991) and Member, Human Resources and Board Affairs Committees

 

Retired Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (since 2001), Corning Incorporated, One Riverfront Plaza, HQE 2, Corning, New York (manufacturer of advanced materials, communication equipment and environmental products); Director (since 1991), The Brinks Company (transportation and security services), 1801 Bayberry Ct., P.O. Box 18100, Richmond, Virginia 23226-8100; Member, Business Roundtable (since 1996); Member, The Business Council (since 1997); Member, Executive committee, National Association of Manufacturers (since 1991); and Member, Board of Overseers, Rutgers University Foundation (since 1996).

 

JAMES R. BIRLE, Chairman (since 2005), Director (since 1996) and Member, Board Governance and Investment Committees

 

Chairman of the Board of Directors, MassMutual (since 2005); Chairman (since 1997), Resolute Partners, LLC; President (1994-1997) and Founder (1994), Resolute Partners, Inc. (private merchant bank), Greenwich, Connecticut; Chairman (1994-2003), Drexel Industries, LLC; and Trustee (1994-2003), Villanova University.

 

GENE CHAO, Director (sine 1996) and Member, Investment and Human Resources Committees

 

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (since 2000), Director (since 1997) National Captioning Institute, 1900 Gallows Road, Suite 3000, Vienna, Virginia 22182; and Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (since 2002), ULTECH LLC, 125 North Benson Road, Middlebury, Connecticut 06762.


Table of Contents

JAMES H. DEGRAFFENREIDT, JR., Director (since 2002) and Member, Auditing and Dividend Policy Committee

 

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (since 1998), Director (since 2001), WGL Holdings, Inc., Washington, D.C., parent company of Washington Gas Light Company (public utility holding company); Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (since 1998), Director (since 1994), Washington Gas Light Company, 1100 H Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20080; Director (since 1998), American Gas Association, Washington, D.C.; Director (since 1996), Harbor Bankshares Corporation (Holding Company), Baltimore, Maryland; Director (since 1998), MedStar Health, Columbia, Maryland; Trustee (since 1999), Federal City Council, Washington, D.C.; Trustee (since 1995), Maryland Science Center, Baltimore, Maryland; and Trustee (since 1999), Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Maryland.

 

PATRICIA DIAZ DENNIS, Director (since 1996) and Member, Auditing and Investment Committees

 

Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary (since 2002), SBC West, 2600 Camino Ramon, Room 4CS100, San Ramon, California 94583; Chair (since 2003) and Secretary/Trustee (1991—2003), The Tomas Rivera Policy Institute; Trustee (since 1993), Radio and Television News Directors Foundation; National Secretary (since 1999) and National First Vice-Chair (since 2002), Girl Scouts of America; Director (since 2001), UST-NYSE; Director (since 2001), Entravision-NYSE; Director (1998-2003), The Women’s Museum-501(c)(3); Trustee (since 2004), NHPfoundation; and Regent (since 1999), Texas State University System.

 

JAMES L. DUNLAP, Director (since 1989) and Member, Auditing and Human Resources Committees

 

Member, Board of Trustees (since 1990), Culver Educational Foundation, 130 Academy Road, Culver, Indiana 46511-1291; Member, Council of Overseers (since 1987), Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Administration, Rice University, MS 531, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1891; Member of the Corporation (since 2001), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543; Member, Board of Trustees (since 1991), Nantucket Conservation Foundation, Inc., P.O. Box 13, 118 Cliff Road, Nantucket, Massachusetts 02554-0013; and Director and Member of Compensation and Governance Committees (since 2003), El Paso Corporation, 1001 Louisiana Street, Houston, Texas.

 

WILLIAM B. ELLIS, Director (since 1996) and Member, Auditing and Investment Committees

 

Senior Visiting Fellow (since 1995), Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, Connecticut; Director and Chairman, Investment Committee (1996-2004), MassMutual Foundation for Hartford (formerly Connecticut Mutual Life Foundation, Inc.); Director (since 1998), Pew Center on Global Climate Change; Trustee (1998-2004), Carnegie Mellon University; and Director (since 1995), Catalytica Energy Systems, Inc.

 

ROBERT A. ESSNER, Director (since 2002) and Member, Auditing and Dividend Policy Committees

 

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2003), Director (since 1997), Wyeth, 5 Giralda Farms, Madison, New Jersey; and Trustee (since 2002), PennMedicine (the entity governing the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the University of Pennsylvania Health System).


Table of Contents

ROBERT M. FUREK, Director (since 1996) and Chairman, Auditing Committee, Member, Board Governance Committee

 

Partner (since 1997), Resolute Partners LLC (private merchant bank); President (since 2003), CATELECTRIC; Corporator, (since 1991), The Bushnell Memorial, Hartford, Connecticut; and Trustee, Chair of the Development Committee (since 1997), Kingswood-Oxford School.

 

CAROL A. LEARY, PH.D, Director (since 2004) and Member, Auditing and Investment Committees

 

President (since 1994), Bay Path College, 588 Longmeadow Street, Longmeadow, Massachusetts 01106; Board Member (since 2001), United Bank, 95 Elm Street, West Springfield, Massachusetts 01089; Chair (2003-2004), and Past Chair-Chair of Nominating Committee (2004-2005), the Association of Independent Colleges and Universities in Massachusetts; Chair (since 2004), and Vice Chair, Education Committee (2002-2004), Member-Executive Committee (On-going), Community Foundation of Western Massachusetts; Board Member (since 2002), Women’s College Coalition; Member, Board of Trustees (since 2003), The Frank Stanley Beveridge Foundations, Inc.; Member (2000-2004), Longmeadow Long-Range Planning Committee, Longmeadow, Massachusetts; Member (since 1995). Affiliated Chambers of Commerce of Greater Springfield (Massachusetts); Tourism Committee (since 2002), Economic Development Council; Member (since 1994), Cooperating Colleges of Greater Springfield (Massachusetts); and Chair (2004), American Heart Association of Western Massachusetts Heart Walk.

 

WILLIAM B. MARX, JR., Director (since 1990) and Chairman, Dividend Policy Committee, Member, Board Affairs Committee

 

Senior Executive Vice President, Retired (since 1996), Lucent Technologies (public telecommunications systems and software), 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07947; Director (2001-2003) Bethesda Hospital Foundation, Boynton Beach, Florida; and Trustee (since 2001), Community Child Care Center, Delray Beach, Florida.

 

JOHN F. MAYPOLE, Director (since 1996) and Chairman, Human Resources Committee, Member, Board Governance Committee

 

Managing Partner, (since 1984), Peach State Real Estate Holding Company, LLP (Real Estate Investment Company); Co-owner of family businesses (including Maypole Chevrolet, Inc.) (since 1984); Director, Chair-Nominating, Corporate Governance and Compensation Committee and Audit Committee (1992-2005), Dan River, Inc. (textile manufacturer); Director and Compensation Committee (since 1998), Meridian Automotive Systems, Inc. (formerly American Bumper & Mfg. Co.) (manufacturer of automotive/truck components); Director and Chair, Governance and Nominating Committee (since 1999), Church & Dwight Co., Inc. (household product/personal care and specialty chemical (Arm & Hammer)) Princeton, New Jersey; Director and Chair, Audit and Budget Committees (2000-2003), Whitehead Institute For Biomedical Research; Director, and Chair, Auditing and Investment Committees (since 2002), National Captioning Institute, 1900 Gallows Road, Suite 3000, Vienna, Virginia 22182; and Director and Chair, Audit Committee (since 2004), Knoll, Inc. (design and manufacturer of office furniture and textiles).

 

MARC RACICOT, Director (since 2001) and Member, Dividend Policy and Human Resources Committees

 

Partner (since 2001), Bracewell & Patterson, L.L.P., 2000 K Street, N.W., Suite 500, Washington, D.C. 20006-1872; Chairman (2002-2003), Republican National Committee; Director (since 2001), Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation; Member (2000-2004), Corporation for National Service and Community Service; Chairman (since 1999) and Member (since 1993), Jobs for America’s Graduates; Co-Chairman (since 2001) and Member, United States Consensus Council; Director (since 2001), Siebel Systems; and Chairman (since 2003), Bush-Cheney 2004.


Table of Contents

Executive Officer

 

STUART H. REESE, President and Chief Executive Officer

 

President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2005), Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer (2000-2005), MassMutual; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (1999-2005), Director (2000-2005), Member of the Board of Managers (2004-2005) and President (2000-2001 and 2003-2005), Babson Capital Management LLC, Independence Wharf, 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210-2208; Chairman and Trustee (1999-2005), MML Series Investment Fund and MassMutual Select Funds (open-end investment companies); Chairman (1995-2005) and Trustee (1995-2005), MassMutual Participation Investors and MassMutual Corporate Investors (closed-end investment companies); Chairman (since 2001), MMCI Subsidiary Trust and MMPI Subsidiary Trust; Director (since 1995), MassMutual Corporate Value Partners Limited, (investment company); Member of the Advisory Board (since 1996), MassMutual High Yield Partners II LLC (investment company); President (1996-2005), HYP Management LLC; Chairman (since 1999), Class A Director (since 1996), Antares Capital Corporation (bank loan syndication); Director (since 2001), Antares Asset Management, Inc.; Director (since 1996) and President and Chief Executive Officer (since 1996), Charter Oak Capital Management, Inc.; Director (2003-2005), Babson Capital Securities Inc (broker-dealer); Director and Member, Compensation and Audit Committees (1999-2005), Cornerstone Real Estate Advisers LLC; President (since 1998), MassMutual/Darby CBO LLC (investment company); Director (since 1999), MLDP Holdings; President (1996-2005), MMHC Investment LLC (formerly known as MMHC Investment, Inc.); Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 1996) and Executive Vice President-Investments (1996-2005), MML Bay State Life Insurance Company; Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 1996) and Executive Vice President-Investments (1996-2005), C.M. Life Insurance Company; Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2005) and Executive Vice President (2000-2005), MassMutual Holding LLC; Director (1999-2005), MassMutual Holding MSC, Inc.; Director (since 2005), MassMutual International, Inc.; Director (since 2004), MassMutual Investment Management Company (Japan); Director (2004-2005), MML Assurance, Inc.; Director and Member of Audit Committee (since 1999), Oppenheimer Acquisition Corp.; Director (current), MassMutual Corporate Value Limited; Executive Vice President (1996-2005), CM Assurance Company; Executive Vice President (1996-2005), CM Benefit Insurance Company; and Advisory Board Member (since 1995), Kirtland Capital Partners (investment partnership).

 

Executive Vice Presidents

 

FREDERICK C. CASTELLANI, Executive Vice President

 

Executive Vice President (since 2001), Senior Vice President (1996-2001) and Member of the office of the CEO (since 2005) MassMutual; Trustee and President (since 2001), MassMutual Select Funds (open-end investment company); Trustee (since 2001), President (2002-2003), MML Series Investment Fund (open-end investment company); Vice President (since 2004), MassMutual Premier Funds (open-end investment company); and Vice President (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company).

 

ROGER W. CRANDALL, Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer

 

Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer (since 2005) and Member of the Office of the CEO (since 2005), MassMutual; Chairman (since 2005) and Member of the Board of Managers (since 2004), Vice Chairman (from March 2005-June 2005), Managing Director (2000-2005) and Director (2003-2004), Babson Capital Management LLC; Director (since 2005), Baring Asset Management Limited; Director (since 2004), Babson Capital Europe Limited; Director (since 2003), Antares Capital Corporation; and President (since 2003) and Vice President (2002-2003), MassMutual Corporate Investors and MassMutual Participation Investors.

 

HOWARD GUNTON, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

 

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (since 2001) and Member of the Office of the CEO (since 2005), MassMutual; Director (since 2000), MML Investors Services, Inc. (wholly-owned broker-dealer subsidiary of MassMutual Holding LLC) 1414 Main Street, Springfield; Massachusetts 01144-1013.

 

JAMES E. MILLER, Executive Vice President

 

Executive Vice President (since 1997), Chief Information Officer, MassMutual.

 

ANDREW OLEKSIW, Executive Vice President

 

Executive Vice President (since 2003); Senior Vice President (1999-2003) MassMutual.


Table of Contents

JOHN V. MURPHY, Executive Vice President

 

Executive Vice President (since 1997) and Member of the Office of the CEO (since 2005), of MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts; Chairman, President and Director, Oppenheimer Acquisition Corp. and Oppenheimer Partnership Holdings, Inc.; Director (since 2001), Centennial Asset Management Corporation; Director, OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.; Chairman and Director, Shareholder Services, Inc. and Shareholder Financial Services, Inc.; President and Director, OppenheimerFunds Legacy Program; Director, OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc., Trinity Investment Management Corporation, Tremont Capital Management, Inc., HarbourView Asset Management Corporation and OFI Private Investments, Inc.; President and Director of Oppenheimer Real Asset Management, Inc.; Director of DLB Acquisition Corporation (now dissolved); and member, Board of Governors of the Investment Company Institute.

 

TOBY J. SLODDEN, Executive Vice President

 

Executive Vice President (since 2003); Senior Vice President (1997-2003) MassMutual; Vice President (since 2003), MML Series Investment Fund (open-end investment company); Vice President (since 2003), MassMutual Select Funds (open-end investment company); and Director (since 2002), Cornerstone Real Estate Advisers LLC.

 

MATTHEW E. WINTER, Executive Vice President

 

Executive Vice President (since 2001) and Member of the Office of the CEO (since 2005), MassMutual; Chairman of the Board of Directors (since 2000), MML Investors Services, Inc. (wholly-owned broker-dealer subsidiary of MassMutual Holding LLC) 1414 Main Street, Springfield; Massachusetts 01144-1013; Chairman of the Board of Directors (since 2001), The MassMutual Trust Company, FSB; Board Member, eMoney Advisor, Inc.; Member, Financial Services Roundtable; Trustee, The American College; and Director and Member, Executive Committee, Connecticut Opera.

 

(b) The Investment Sub-Advisers:

 

BABSON CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC (“BABSON CAPITAL”)

 

Babson Capital is the sub-adviser to each series of the Trust. The directors and executive officers of Babson Capital, their positions with Babson Capital, and their other principal business affiliations and business experience for the past two years are listed below. David L. Babson & Company, Inc. (“DLB”), a Delaware company, changed its corporate form to a Delaware limited liability company and renamed itself Babson Capital Management LLC (Babson Capital) effective July 1, 2004. Years of experience at Babson Capital include years of experience at DLB. The date the executive officers and directors acquired their titles with Babson Capital reflects the date they first acquired the corresponding titles with DLB. The addresses of the Babson Capital are Independence Wharf, 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210-2208 and 1500 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts, 01115.

 

Directors and Executive Officers

 

WILLIAM F. GLAVIN, JR., Chief Executive Officer, President and Member of the Board of Managers

 

Chief Executive Officer (since 2005), President (since 2005), Managing Director (since 2003), Chief Operating Officer and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2003), and Member of the Board of Managers (since 2004), Babson Capital; Director (since 2005), Baring Asset Management Limited; Director and Deputy Chairman (since 2005), MassMutual Holdings (Bermuda) Ltd.; President (since 2003) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2004), Babson Capital Securities Inc; and President (U.S. Retail) (2000-2003), Chief Operating Officer (U.S. Direct) (1999-2000), General Manager (AARP Investment Program) (1997-1999), Scudder Investments/Deutsche Asset Management.


Table of Contents

ROGER W. CRANDALL, Chairman and Member of the Board of Managers

 

Chairman (since 2005), Vice Chairman (March 2005-June 2005), Member of Board of Managers (since 2004), and Managing Director (since 2000), Director (2003-2004), Babson Capital; Director (since 2005), Baring Asset Management Limited; Director and Vice President (since 2005), MassMutual Holdings (Bermuda) Ltd.; Director (since 2003), Antares Capital Corporation; Director (since 2003), Antares Asset Management, Inc.: Managing Director (1993-2000) of MassMutual (insurance company and investment adviser), 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001; Trustee and President (since 2003), MMCI Subsidiary Trust and MMPI Subsidiary Trust; President (since 2003) and Vice President (2002-2003), MassMutual Corporate Investors and MassMutual Participation Investors.

 

KEVIN M. MCCLINTOCK, Managing Director and Member of the Board of Managers

 

Managing Director and Member of the Board of Managers (since 1999), Executive Vice President (1999-2000), Babson Capital; Managing Director (1999-2004), S.I. International Assets (formerly known as Babson-Stewart Ivory International) (now dissolved); Trustee (1999-2003) and President (since 2003), MassMutual Premier Funds (open-end investment company); Trustee (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II; Director of Equities and Fixed Income (1995-1999), the Dreyfus Corporation (investment manager), New York, New York; and Managing Director (1985-1995), Aetna (Aeltus subsidiary company).

 

ROBERT LIGUORI, Member of the Board of Managers

 

Member of the Board of Managers (since 2000), Babson Capital; Senior Vice President and Co-General Counsel (since 2004), Senior Vice President and Deputy General Counsel (1999-2004), MassMutual, (insurance company and investment adviser), 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001; Assistant Secretary (since 2003), MML Series Investment Fund (open-end investment company); Assistant Clerk (since 2004), MassMutual Premier Funds (open-end investment company); Assistant Secretary (since 2003), MassMutual Select Funds (open-end investment company); Assistant Clerk (since 2005), MML Series Investment Fund II (open-end investment company); Senior Vice President and Co-General Counsel (since 1999), C.M. Life Insurance Company; Senior Vice President and Co-General Counsel (since 1999), MML Bay State Life Insurance Company; Director (since 2001), OFI Trust Company; Director (since 2004), CM Benefit Insurance Company; Director (since 2004), MMLA UK Limited; Manager (since 2004), MML Financial, LLC; Director (since 2004), MML Assurance, Inc.: Manager (since 2004), MML Investment Products, LLC; Director (since 2004), Oppenheimer Acquisition Corp.; Assistant Secretary (since 2003), MassMutual Select Funds (open-end investment company); Senior Vice President and General Counsel (1997-1999), Vice President and General Counsel (1996-1997), Vice President and Counsel (1992-1996), American International Group, Inc., AIG Life Companies, 600 King Street, Wilmington, Delaware.

 

DAVID J. BRENNAN, Vice Chairman and Member of the Board of Managers

 

Vice Chairman (since 2005) and Member of the Board of Managers (since 2005), Babson Capital; Director and Chairman (since 2005), MassMutual Holdings (Bermuda) Ltd.; Chairman (since 1997), Baring Asset Management, Inc.; Chairman and Chief Executive (since 2002 - appointed Chief Executive since 2003 and as Director since 1997), Baring International Investment, Ltd.; Chairman and Chief Executive (since 2002 - appointed Chief Executive since 2003 and Director since 1997) Baring Asset Management, Ltd.; Chairman and Director (since 2002), Baring Asset Management (Asia) Limited; Chairman and Non-Executive Director (since 2002); Baring (Guernsey) Limited; and Non-Executive Director (since 2002), Baring Asset Management (Japan).

 

MARY WILSON-KIBBE, Managing Director

 

Managing Director (since 2000), Executive Director and Executive Vice President (1999-2000), Babson Capital; Executive Director (1997-1999), Senior Managing Director (1997-1999), Vice President and Managing Director (1991-1994), MassMutual (insurance company and investment adviser), 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.


Table of Contents

KENNETH L. HARGREAVES, Managing Director

 

Managing Director (since 2000) and Executive Director (1997-1999), Babson Capital; Senior Vice President (1991-1997) and Executive Director (1997-1999), MassMutual. (insurance company and investment adviser), 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

EFRAM MARDER, Managing Director

 

Managing Director (since 2000), Babson Capital; Executive Director (1998-1999), Senior Managing Director (1996-1998), Vice President and Managing Director (1989-1996), MassMutual (insurance company and investment adviser), 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

STEPHEN L. KUHN, General Counsel and Secretary

 

General Counsel and Secretary (since 1999), Babson Capital; Secretary (since 2005), Senior Vice President (since 1999) and Deputy General Counsel (since 1998), Assistant Secretary (since 1996), Vice President and Associate General Counsel (1992-1998), MassMutual (insurance company and investment adviser); 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-00011; Secretary (since 2003), Babson Capital Securities Inc; Vice President (since 1988) and Secretary (since 1988), MassMutual Participation Investors (closed-end investment company); Vice President (since 1997) and Secretary (since 1980), MassMutual Corporate Investors (closed-end investment company); Chief Legal Officer (2004) and Assistant Secretary (1996-2004), Antares Capital Corporation; and Chief Legal Officer and Assistant Secretary (1995-2004), DLB Acquisition Corp. (holding company for investment advisers) (now dissolved).

 

JAMES E. MASUR, Chief Financial Officer and Managing Director

 

Chief Financial Officer and Managing Director (since 2003), Comptroller (2003-2005), Babson Capital; Senior Finance Executive (2002-2003) Deutsche Bank Asset Management; Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer (Americas Region) (2001-2002), Senior Vice President and Director of Finance (U.S. Retail) (2000-2001), Senior Vice President and Director of Finance (U.S. Direct) (1999-2000), Vice President and Director of Finance (AARP Investment Program) (1997-1999), Zurich Scudder Investments.

 

JAN F. JUMÉT, Chief Compliance Officer and Managing Director

 

Chief Compliance Officer and Managing Director (since 2005), Babson Capital Management LLC; Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (2002-2005), Standish Mellon Asset Management Company LLC; and First Vice President, Integrated Fiduciary Services (2000-2002), Mellon Financial Corporation.

 

CLIFFORD M. NOREEN, Managing Director (Head of Corporate Securities)

 

Babson Capital Management LLC since 2000, serving as Managing Director (Head of Capital’s Investment Grade and High Yield Public Corporate Bond Group and Institutional Fixed Income Team) (since 2000), Babson Capital Management LLC; Managing Director (1996-1999), MassMutual; Vice President (since 1993), MassMutual Corporate Investors; and Vice President (since 1993), MassMutual Participation Investors.

 

THOMAS FINKE, Managing Director (Head of U.S. Bank Loan Term)

 

Managing Director (since 2002), Babson Capital Management LLC; Co-Founder (in 1998), First Union Institutional Debt Management, Inc., serving as President until 2002.


Table of Contents

(c) There is set forth below information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each officer and director of OFI is, or at any time during the past two fiscal years has been, engaged for his/her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee. OFI has principal offices located at 2 World Financial Center, 225 Liberty Street, 11th Floor, New York, New York 10281-1008.

 

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


    

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


Timothy L. Abbuhl,

Vice President

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Emeline S. Adwers,

Vice President

     None

Robert Agan,

Vice President

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc., Shareholder Financial Services, Inc., OFI Private Investments, Inc. and Centennial Asset Management Corporation; Senior Vice President of Shareholders Services, Inc.

Carl Algermissen,

Vice President & Associate Counsel

     Formerly Associate Counsel and Legal Compliance Officer at Great West-Life & Annuity Insurance Co. (February 2004-October 2004); previously with INVESCO Funds Group, Inc. (June 1993-December 2003), most recently as Senior Staff Attorney.

Michael Amato,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Erik Anderson,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Tracey Beck Apostolopoulos,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Janette Aprilante,

Vice President & Secretary

     Secretary (since December 2001) of: OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc., Centennial Asset Management Corporation, Oppenheimer Partnership Holdings, Inc., Oppenheimer Real Asset Management, Inc., Shareholder Financial Services, Inc., Shareholder Services, Inc. and OppenheimerFunds Legacy Program; (since January 2005) of Trinity Investment Management Corporation. Secretary (since June 2003) of: HarbourView Asset Management Corporation, OFI Private Investments, Inc. and OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc. Assistant Secretary (since December 2001) of OFI Trust Company.

Hany S. Ayad,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Robert Baker,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Michael Baldwin,

Executive Vice President

     Formerly Managing Director at Deutsche Bank (March 2001 – March 2005).

John Michael Banta,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Joanne Bardell,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Kevin Baum,

Vice President

     None

Jeff Baumgartner,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Todd Becerra,

Assistant Vice President

     None


Table of Contents

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


    

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


Lalit K. Behal

Assistant Vice President

     Assistant Secretary of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation.

Kathleen Beichert,

Vice President

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Gerald Bellamy,

Assistant Vice President

     Assistant Vice President of OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.

Erik S. Berg,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Robert Bertucci

Assistant Vice President

     None

Rajeev Bhaman,

Vice President

     None

Craig Billings,

Vice President

     None

Mark Binning,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Robert J. Bishop,

Vice President

     Treasurer (since October 2003) of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc. and Centennial Asset Management Corporation.

John R. Blomfield,

Vice President

     None

Lisa I. Bloomberg,

Vice President & Associate Counsel

     Formerly First Vice President and Associate General Counsel of UBS Financial Services Inc. (May 1999-May 2004).

Veronika Boesch,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly (until February 2004) an independent consultant/coach in organizational development.

Chad Boll,

Vice President

     None

Antulio N. Bomfim,

Vice President

     A senior economist with the Federal Reserve Board (June 1992-October 2003).

John C. Bonnell,

Vice President

     Vice President of Centennial Asset Management Corporation. Formerly a Portfolio Manager at Strong Financial Corporation (May 1999-May 2004).

Michelle Borre Massick,

Vice President

     None

Lori E. Bostrom,

Vice President & Senior Counsel

     Formerly Vice President and Corporate Counsel at Prudential Financial Inc. (October 2002 – November 2004).

Lisa Bourgeois,

Assistant Vice President

     Assistant Vice President of Shareholder Services, Inc.

John Boydell,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Michael Bromberg,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Lowell Scott Brooks,

Vice President

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Joan Brunelle,

Vice President

     None

Kristine Bryan-Levin,

Vice President

     Formerly Senior Vice President at Brown Brothers Harriman (November 2002 – May 2005).

Paul Burke,

Assistant Vice President

     None


Table of Contents

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


    

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


Mark Burns,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Geoffrey Caan,

Vice President

     None

Catherine Carroll,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Debra Casey,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Maria Castro,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Lisa Chaffee,

Assistant Vice President

     None

May Chen,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly Assistant Vice President of Enterprise Services at MassMutual Financial Group (May 2002 - April 2005).

Charles Chibnik,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Brett Clark,

Assistant Vice President

     None

H.C. Digby Clements,

Vice President: Rochester Division

     None

Peter V. Cocuzza,

Vice President

     None

Gerald James Concepcion,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly (until November 2004) an RIA Marketing Associate of OppenheimerFunds, Inc.

Robert Corbett,

Vice President

     None

Susan Cornwell,

Vice President

     Vice President of Centennial Asset Management Corporation, Shareholder Financial Services, Inc. and OppenheimerFunds Legacy Program; Senior Vice President of Shareholder Services, Inc.

Scott Cottier,

Vice President: Rochester Division

     None

Laura Coulston,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Julie C. Cusker,

Assistant Vice President: Rochester Division

     None

George Curry,

Vice President

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

John Damian,

Vice President

     None

John M. Davis,

Assistant Vice President

     Assistant Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Craig P. Dinsell,

Executive Vice President

     None

Randall C. Dishmon,

Vice President

     None

Rebecca K. Dolan

Vice President

     None


Table of Contents

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


    

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


Steven D. Dombrower,

Vice President

     Senior Vice President of OFI Private Investments, Inc.; Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Thomas Doyle,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Bruce C. Dunbar,

Senior Vice President

     None

Brian Dvorak,

Vice President

     None

Richard Edmiston,

Vice President

     None

Daniel R. Engstrom,

Assistant Vice President

     None

James Robert Erven

Assistant Vice President

     None

George R. Evans,

Senior Vice President and Director

of International Equities

     None

Edward N. Everett,

Vice President

     None

Kathy Faber,

Assistant Vice President

     None

David Falicia,

Assistant Vice President

     Assistant Secretary (as of July 2004) of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation.

Thomas Farrell,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Emmanuel Ferreira,

Vice President

     None

Ronald H. Fielding,

Senior Vice President;

Chairman of the Rochester Division

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.; Director of ICI Mutual Insurance Company; Governor of St. John’s College; Chairman of the Board of Directors of International Museum of Photography at George Eastman House.

Bradley G. Finkle,

Vice President

     Formerly Head of Business Management/Proprietary Distribution at Citigroup Asset Management (August 1986-September 2004).

Brian Finley,

Assistant Vice President

     None

John E. Forrest,

Senior Vice President

     Senior Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Jordan Hayes Foster,

Vice President

     Vice President of OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.

David Foxhoven,

Vice President

     Assistant Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Legacy Program.

Colleen M. Franca,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Dominic Freud,

Vice President

     None

Dan Gagliardo,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Hazem Gamal,

Assistant Vice President

     None


Table of Contents

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


    

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


Seth Gelman,

Vice President

     Formerly an Associate in the Asset Management Legal Department at Goldman Sachs & Co. (February 2003-August 2004).

Subrata Ghose,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Charles W. Gilbert,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Phillip S. Gillespie,

Senior Vice President & Deputy General Counsel

     Formerly First Vice President of Merrill Lynch Investment Management (2001 to September 2004).

Alan C. Gilston,

Vice President

     None

Jill E. Glazerman,

Senior Vice President

     None

Benjamin J. Gord,

Vice President

     Vice President of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation and of OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.

Laura Granger,

Vice President

     None

Robert B. Grill,

Senior Vice President

     None

Robert Haley,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Marilyn Hall,

Vice President

     None

Kelly Haney,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Steve Hauenstein,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Thomas B. Hayes,

Vice President

     None

Jennifer Heathwood,

Vice President

     None

Dennis Hess,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Joseph Higgins,

Vice President

     Vice President of OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.

Dorothy F. Hirshman,

Vice President

     None

Daniel Hoelscher,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Edward Hrybenko,

Vice President

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Scott T. Huebl,

Vice President

     Assistant Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Legacy Program.

Margaret Hui,

Vice President

     None


Table of Contents

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


    

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


John Huttlin,

Vice President

     Senior Vice President (Director of the International Division) (since January 2004) of OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.; Director (since June 2003) of OppenheimerFunds (Asia) Limited.

James G. Hyland,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Steve P. Ilnitzki,

Senior Vice President

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.; Senior Vice President of OFI Private Investments, Inc.

Kelly Bridget Ireland,

Vice President

     Vice President (since January 2004) of OppenheimerFunds Distributor Inc. Formerly, Director of INVESCO Distributors Inc. (April 2000-December 2003).

Kathleen T. Ives,

Vice President, Senior Counsel and Assistant Secretary

     Vice President and Assistant Secretary of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc. and Shareholder Services, Inc.; Assistant Secretary of Centennial Asset Management Corporation, OppenheimerFunds Legacy Program and Shareholder Financial Services, Inc.

William Jaume,

Vice President

     Senior Vice President of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation and OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.; Director of OFI Trust Company.

Frank V. Jennings,

Vice President

     None

John Jennings,

Vice President

     None

John Michael Johnson,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Lisa Kadehjian,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly Vice President, Compensation Manager at The Bank of New York (November 1996-November 2004).

Charles Kandilis,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Lynn O. Keeshan,

Senior Vice President

     Assistant Treasurer of OppenheimerFunds Legacy Program.

Thomas W. Keffer,

Senior Vice President

     None

Cristina J. Keller,

Vice President

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Michael Keogh,

Vice President

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Martin S. Korn,

Senior Vice President

     Formerly a Senior Vice President at Bank of America (Wealth and Investment Management Technology Group) (March 2002-August 2004).

Dimitrios Kourkoulakos,

Senior Vice President

     None

Brian Kramer,

Vice President

     None

Paul Kunz,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Lisa Lamentino,

Vice President

     None


Table of Contents

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


    

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


Tracey Lange,

Vice President

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Jeffrey P. Lagarce,

Senior Vice President

     President and Chief Marketing Officer of OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc. as of January 2005. Formerly Executive Vice President-Head of Fidelity Tax-Exempt Services Business at Fidelity Investments (August 1996-January 2005).

John Latino,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Kristina Lawrence,

Vice President

     Formerly Assistant Vice President of OppenheimerFunds, Inc. (November 2002-March 2004).

Gayle Leavitt,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Christopher M. Leavy,

Senior Vice President

     None

Randy Legg,

Vice President & Assistant Counsel

     Formerly an associate with Dechert LLP (September 1998-January 2004).

Laura Leitzinger,

Vice President

     Senior Vice President of Shareholder Services, Inc.; Vice President of Shareholder Financial Services, Inc.

Justin Leverenz,

Vice President

     Formerly, a research/technology analyst at Goldman Sachs, Taiwan (May 2002-May 2004).

Michael S. Levine,

Vice President

     None

Gang Li,

Vice President

     None

Shanquan Li,

Vice President

     None

Julie A. Libby,

Senior Vice President

     Formerly Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer at Fred Alger Management, Inc. (July 1996 – February 2005).

Daniel Lifshey,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly a Marketing Manager at PIMCO Advisors (January 2002-September 2004).

Mitchell J. Lindauer,

Vice President & Assistant General Counsel

     None

Bill Linden,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Malissa B. Lischin,

Vice President

     Assistant Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

David P. Lolli,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Daniel G. Loughran

Vice President: Rochester Division

     None

Patricia Lovett,

Vice President

     Vice President of Shareholder Financial Services, Inc. and Senior Vice President of Shareholder Services, Inc.

Steven Lucaccini,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly Director and High Yield Analyst at UBS Global Asset Management (November 2001 – April 2005).

Dongyan Ma,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly an Assistant Vice President with Standish Mellon Asset Management (October 2001-October 2003).

Steve Macchia,

Vice President

     None


Table of Contents

 

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


    

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


Mark H. Madden,

Vice President

     Formerly Senior Vice President and Senior Portfolio Manager with Pioneer Investments, Inc. (July 1990-July 2004).

Kathleen Mandzij,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly Marketing Manager – Sales Force Marketing (March 2003-June 2004) of OppenheimerFunds, Inc.

Jerry Mandzij,

Vice President

     None

Angelo G. Manioudakis

Senior Vice President

     Senior Vice President of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation and of OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.

LuAnn Mascia,

Vice President

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Susan Mattisinko,

Vice President & Associate Counsel

     Assistant Secretary of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation, OppenheimerFunds Legacy Program, OFI Private Investments, Inc., OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc., Centennial Asset Management Corporation, Oppenheimer Real Asset Management, Inc. and Trinity Investment Management Corporation. Formerly an Associate at Sidley Austin Brown and Wood LLP (1995 – October 2003).

Elizabeth McCormack,

Vice President

     Vice President and Assistant Secretary of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation.

Joseph McGovern,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Charles L. McKenzie,

Senior Vice President

     Chairman of the Board, Director, Chief Executive Officer and President of OFI Trust Company; Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Senior Managing Director and Director of OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.; Chief Executive Officer, President, Senior Managing Director and Director of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation; Chairman, President and Director of Trinity Investment Management Corporation.

Michael Medev,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Lucienne Mercogliano,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Jason Meshnick,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly Financial Analyst at Wall Street On Demand (April 2003 – May 2005).

Andrew J. Mika,

Senior Vice President

     None

Nikolaos D. Monoyios,

Senior Vice President

     None

Charles Moon,

Vice President

     Vice President of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation and of OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.


Table of Contents

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


    

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


John V. Murphy,

Chairman, President,

Chief Executive Officer & Director

     President and Management Director of Oppenheimer Acquisition Corp.; President and Director of Oppenheimer Partnership Holdings, Inc. and Oppenheimer Real Asset Management, Inc.; Chairman and Director of Shareholder Services, Inc. and Shareholder Financial Services, Inc.; Director of Centennial Asset Management Corporation, OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc., Institutional Asset Management, Inc., Trinity Investment Management Corporation, Tremont Capital Management, Inc., HarbourView Asset Management Corporation and OFI Private Investments, Inc.; Executive Vice President of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company; Director of DLB Acquisition Corporation; a member of the Investment Company Institute’s Board of Governors.

Meaghan Murphy,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly Marketing Professional, RFP Writer at JP Morgan Fleming Asset Management (May 2002 – October 2004).

Suzanne Murphy,

Vice President

     Formerly (until December 2003) a Vice President, Senior Marketing Manager with Citigroup.

Thomas J. Murray,

Vice President

     None

Kenneth Nadler,

Vice President

     None

Christina Nasta,

Vice President

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Richard Nichols,

Vice President

     None

William Norman,

Assistant Vice President

     None

James B. O’Connell,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly a Senior Designer Manager of OppenheimerFunds, Inc. (April 2002 - December 2004).

Matthew O’Donnell,

Assistant Vice President

     None

John O’Hare,

Vice President

     None

John J. Okray,

Vice President

     Formerly Vice President, Head of Trust Operations at Lehman Brothers (June 2004-October 2004) prior to which he was an Assistant Vice President, Director of Trust Services at Cambridge Trust Company (October 2002-June 2004).

Lerae A. Palumbo,

Vice President

     None

David P. Pellegrino,

Vice President

     None

Allison C. Pells,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Robert H. Pemble,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Lori L. Penna,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly an RFP Manager/Associate at JPMorgan Chase & Co. (June 2001-September 2004).

Brian Petersen,

Assistant Vice President

     None


Table of Contents

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


    

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


Marmeline Petion-Midy,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly a Senior Financial Analyst with General Motors, NY Treasurer’s Office (July 2000-August 2004).

David Pfeffer,

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

     Senior Vice President of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation since February 2004. Formerly, Director and Chief Financial Officer at Citigroup Asset Management (February 2000-February 2004).

James F. Phillips,

Vice President

     None

Scott Phillips,

Vice President

     Formerly Vice President at Merrill Lynch Investment Management (June 2000-July 2004).

Gary Pilc,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Nicolas Pisciotti,

Assistant Vice President

     Formerly Assistant Vice President at ING (April 2002 - May 2005).

Jason Pizzorusso,

Assistant Vice President

     None

David Poiesz,

Senior Vice President, Head of Growth Equity Investments

     Formerly a Senior Portfolio Manager at Merrill Lynch (October 2002-May 2004). Founding partner of RiverRock, a hedge fund product (April 1999-July 2001).

Jeffrey Portnoy,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Raghaw Prasad,

Assistant Vice President

     None

David Preuss,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Jane C. Putnam,

Vice President

     None

Michael E. Quinn,

Vice President

     None

Julie S. Radtke,

Vice President

     None

Norma J. Rapini,

Assistant Vice President:

Rochester Division

     None

Corry E. Read,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Brian N. Reid,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Marc Reinganum,

Vice President

     None

Jill Reiter,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Claire Ring,

Assistant Vice President

     None

David Robertson,

Senior Vice President

     Senior Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Antoinette Rodriguez,

Assistant Vice President

     None


Table of Contents

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


    

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


Stacey Roode,

Vice President

     None

Jeffrey S. Rosen,

Vice President

     None

Stacy Roth,

Vice President

     None

James H. Ruff,

Executive Vice President

     President and Director of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc. and Centennial Asset Management Corporation; Executive Vice President of OFI Private Investments, Inc.

Adrienne Ruffle,

Assistant Vice President and Assistant Counsel

     Formerly an Associate with Sidley Austin Brown & Wood LLP (September 2002-February 2005).

Kim Russomanno,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Timothy Ryan,

Vice President

     Formerly a research analyst in the large equities group at Credit Suisse Asset Management (August 2001-June 2004).

Rohit Sah,

Vice President

     None

Valerie Sanders,

Vice President

     None

Karen Sandler,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Rudi W. Schadt,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Ellen P. Schoenfeld,

Vice President

     None

Maria Schulte,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Scott A. Schwegel,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Allan P. Sedmak

Assistant Vice President

     None

Jennifer L. Sexton,

Vice President

     Senior Vice President of OFI Private Investments, Inc.

Navin Sharma,

Vice President

     None

Bonnie Sherman,

Assistant Vice President

     None

David C. Sitgreaves,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Edward James Sivigny

Assistant Vice President

     None

Enrique H. Smith,

Vice President

     None

Louis Sortino,

Assistant Vice President: Rochester Division

     None

Keith J. Spencer,

Senior Vice President

     None


Table of Contents

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


  

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


Marco Antonio Spinar,

Assistant Vice President

   None

Richard A. Stein,

Vice President: Rochester Division

   None

Arthur P. Steinmetz,

Senior Vice President

   Senior Vice President of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation.

Jennifer Stevens,

Assistant Vice President

   None

John P. Stoma,

Senior Vice President

   Senior Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Michael Stricker,

Vice President

   Vice President of Shareholder Services, Inc.

Deborah A. Sullivan,

Vice President & Assistant Counsel

   Secretary of OFI Trust Company.

Michael Sussman,

Vice President

   Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Brian C. Szilagyi,

Assistant Vice President

   Director of Financial Reporting and Compliance at First Data Corporation (April 2003-June 2004).

Martin Telles,

Senior Vice President

   Senior Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Paul Temple,

Vice President

   None

Jeaneen Terrio,

Assistant Vice President

   None

Vincent Toner,

Assistant Vice President

   None

Keith Tucker,

Assistant Vice President

   None

Cameron Ullyat,

Assistant Vice President

   None

Angela Uttaro,

Assistant Vice President: Rochester Division

   None

Mark S. Vandehey,

Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer

   Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc., Centennial Asset Management Corporation and Shareholder Services, Inc.; Chief Financial Officer of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation, Oppenheimer Partnership Holdings, Inc., Oppenheimer Real Asset Management, Inc., Shareholder Financial Services, Inc., OppenheimerFunds Legacy Program, OFI Private Investments, Inc., OFI Trust Company and OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc. Formerly (until March 2004) Vice President of OppenheimerFunds, Inc.

Maureen Van Norstrand,

Vice President

   None

Nancy Vann,

Vice President and Assistant Counsel

   Formerly Assistant General Counsel at Reserve Management Company, Inc. (April to December 2004); attorney at Sidley Austin Brown & Wood LLP (October 1997 - April 2004).


Table of Contents

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


    

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


Rene Vecka,

Assistant Vice President, Rochester Division

     None

Vincent Vermette,

Assistant Vice President

     Assistant Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Phillip F. Vottiero,

Vice President

     None

Lisa Walsh,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Teresa M. Ward,

Vice President

     Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Jerry A. Webman,

Senior Vice President

     Senior Vice President of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation.

Christopher D. Weiler,

Vice President: Rochester Division

     None

Adam Weiner,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Barry D. Weiss,

Vice President

     Vice President of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation and of Centennial Asset Management Corporation.

Melissa Lynn Weiss,

Vice President & Associate Counsel

     None

Christine Wells,

Vice President

     None

Joseph J. Welsh,

Vice President

     Vice President of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation.

Diederick Wermolder,

Senior Vice President

     Director of OppenheimerFunds International Ltd. and OppenheimerFunds plc and OppenheimerFunds (Asia) Limited; Senior Vice President (Managing Director of the International Division) of OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.

Catherine M. White,

Assistant Vice President

     Assistant Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.; member of the American Society of Pension Actuaries (ASPA) since 1995.

Annabel Whiting,

Assistant Vice President

     None

William L. Wilby,

Senior Vice President and Senior Investment Officer,

Director of Equities

     None

Donna M. Winn,

Senior Vice President

     President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of OFI Private Investments, Inc.; Director and President of OppenheimerFunds Legacy Program; Senior Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.

Philip Witkower,

Senior Vice President

     Senior Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.


Table of Contents

Name and Current Position with OppenheimerFunds, Inc.


    

Other Business and Connections During the Past Two Years


Brian W. Wixted,

Senior Vice President and Treasurer

     Treasurer of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation; OppenheimerFunds International Ltd., Oppenheimer Partnership Holdings, Inc., Oppenheimer Real Asset Management, Inc., Shareholder Services, Inc., Shareholder Financial Services, Inc., OFI Private Investments, Inc., OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc., OppenheimerFunds plc and OppenheimerFunds Legacy Program; Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer of OFI Trust Company; Assistant Treasurer of Oppenheimer Acquisition Corp.

Carol E. Wolf,

Senior Vice President

     Senior Vice President of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation and of Centennial Asset Management Corporation; serves on the Board of the Colorado Ballet.

Kurt Wolfgruber,

Executive Vice President,

Chief Investment Officer and Director

     Director of Tremont Capital Management, Inc., HarbourView Asset Management Corporation and OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc. (since June 2003).

Caleb C. Wong,

Vice President

     None

Edward C. Yoensky,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Lucy Zachman,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Robert G. Zack

Executive Vice President and

General Counsel

     General Counsel and Director of OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc.; General Counsel of Centennial Asset Management Corporation; Senior Vice President and General Counsel of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation and OFI Institutional Asset Management, Inc.; Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Director of Shareholder Financial Services, Inc., Shareholder Services, Inc., OFI Private Investments, Inc. and OFI Trust Company; Vice President and Director of Oppenheimer Partnership Holdings, Inc.; Director and Assistant Secretary of OppenheimerFunds plc and OppenheimerFunds International Ltd.; Secretary and General Counsel of Oppenheimer Acquisition Corp.; Director of Oppenheimer Real Asset Management, Inc. and OppenheimerFunds (Asia) Limited); Vice President of OppenheimerFunds Legacy Program.

Neal A. Zamore,

Vice President

     None

Mark D. Zavanelli,

Vice President

     None

Alex Zhou,

Assistant Vice President

     None

Arthur J. Zimmer,

Senior Vice President

     Senior Vice President of HarbourView Asset Management Corporation.


Table of Contents

ITEM 26. PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITERS.

 

(a) MML Distributors, LLC, whose principal office is 1414 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 0144-1013, is the Trust’s principal underwriter. MML Distributors, LLC also serves as principal underwriter to MassMutual Select Funds.

 

(b) The following are the names and positions of the officers and directors of MML Distributors, LLC:

 

Peter G. Lahaie, President, Chief Executive Officer, Main OSJ Supervisor (since 5/9/2005) and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 10/15/2004), MML Distributors, LLC.

 

Thomas A. Monti, Member Representative (since 5/10/2005), MML Distributors, LLC; President and Director (since 10/2003), MML Investors Services, Inc., One Monarch Place, 1414 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01144-1013; Member Representative (since 5/10/2005), MassMutual Holding LLC; Corporate Vice President (since 7/1/2004), Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (“MassMutual”), 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

Ronald E. Thomson, Vice President (since 5/1/1996), MML Distributors, LLC; Vice President (since 5/12/1997), MML Investors Services, Inc., One Monarch Place, 1414 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01144-1013.

 

Matthew E. Winter, Executive Vice President (since 11/15/2001), MML Distributors, LLC; Chairman of the Board of Directors (since 9/14/2000), MML Investors Services, Inc., One Monarch Place, 1414 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01144-1013; Executive Vice President (since 2001), MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

Robert S. Rosenthal, Vice President (since 4/15/2004), Chief Legal Officer (since 9/2004) and Assistant Secretary (since 10/15/2004), MML Distributors, LLC; Second Vice President and Associate General Counsel, MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

William F. Monroe, Jr., Vice President (since 4/15/2004) and Continuing Education Officer (since 5/23/2005), MML Distributors, LLC; Vice President, Financial Strategy, Chief Operations Officer and Chief Privacy Officer (since 4/2004), MML Investors Services, Inc., One Monarch Place, 1414 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01144-1013.

 

Sally Fortier Murphy, Secretary (since 10/15/2004), MML Distributors, LLC; Assistant Vice President, Associate Secretary and Counsel, MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

Edward K. Duch, III, Assistant Secretary (since 10/15/2004), MML Distributors, LLC; Counsel, MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

Teresa B. Wild, Assistant Secretary (since 10/29/2004), MML Distributors, LLC; Counsel, MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

Marilyn A. Sponzo, Chief Compliance Officer (since 2/14/2003), MML Distributors, LLC; Chief Compliance Officer (since 1/31/2003), MML Investors Services, Inc., One Monarch Place, 1414 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01144-1013; Vice President (since 1/2003), MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

Michael Tanguay, Registration Manager (since 5/9/2005), MML Distributors, LLC; Director-Enterprise Distribution Services, MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

Marilyn Edstrom, Entity Contracting Officer (since 5/9/2005), MML Distributors, LLC; Director-Enterprise Distribution Services, MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

Bruce C. Frisbie, Assistant Treasurer (since 5/9/2005), MML Distributors; Assistant Vice President and Associate Treasurer, MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

Kevin LaComb, Assistant Treasurer (since 5/6/2003), MML Distributors, LLC; Assistant Treasurer (11/28/2001), MML Investors Services, Inc., One Monarch Place, 1414 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01144-1013; Director-Corporate Tax, MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

Jennifer L. Lake, Cash and Trading Supervisor (since 4/16/2004) and Assistant Treasurer (5/9/2005), MML Distributors, LLC; Second Vice President, MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

Donna K. Resutek, Chief Information Officer (since 3/26/2004), MML Distributors, LLC; Second Vice President, MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

Anne Melissa Dowling, Large Corporate Marketing Supervisor (since 12/22/1997), MML Distributors, LLC; Large Corporate Markets Supervisor (since 4/29/1999), MML Investors Services, Inc., One Monarch Place, 1414 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01144-1013; Senior Vice President, MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

David W. O’Leary, Hartford OSJ Supervisor (since 1/9/2004) and Variable Annuity Supervisor (since 10/15/2004), MML Distributors, LLC; Senior Vice President, MassMutual, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111-0001.

 

The business address for the officers and directors of MML Distributors, LLC is One Monarch Place, 1414 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01144-1013.

 

(c) Not Applicable

 

ITEM 27. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS.

 

The accounts, books or other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules thereunder are kept by the Registrant, MassMutual, Babson and OFI at their respective principal business offices at Independence Wharf, 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210-2208, 1295 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01111, 1500 Main Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01115 and 2 World Financial Center, 225 Liberty Street, New York, New York 10281, and by IBT, the Registrant’s Custodian and Transfer Agent, at its principal business office at 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116.

 

ITEM 28. MANAGEMENT SERVICES.

 

There are no management-related service contracts not discussed in Part A or Part B.

 

ITEM 29. UNDERTAKINGS.

 

Not Applicable.

 

NOTICE


Table of Contents

A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust, as amended, is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and notice is hereby given that this instrument is executed on behalf of the Trust by an officer of the Trust as an officer and not individually and the obligations of or arising out of this instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees or shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of the relevant series of the Trust.


Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, and the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Springfield and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as of the 28th day of November, 2005.

 

MassMutual Premier Funds
By:   

/s/ KEVIN M. MCCLINTOCK


Name:    Kevin M. McClintock
Title:    President

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities as indicated as of the 28th day of November, 2005.

 

SIGNATURE


  

TITLE


    

/s/ KEVIN M. MCCLINTOCK


  

President, Trustee and

Principal Executive Officer

    
Kevin M. McClintock          

/s/ JAMES S. COLLINS


  

Treasurer; Principal Financial

Officer; Principal Accounting

    
James S. Collins    Officer     

RONALD J. ABDOW*


Ronald J. Abdow

   Trustee     

CORINE T. NORGAARD*


Corine T. Norgaard

   Trustee     

NABIL N. EL-HAGE*


   Trustee     
Nabil N. El-Hage          

MARIA D. FURMAN*


   Trustee     
Maria D. Furman          

C. ANN MERRIFIELD*


   Trustee     
C. Ann Merrifield          


Table of Contents
*By:   

/s/ ANDREW M. GOLDBERG


     Andrew M. Goldberg


Table of Contents

Attorney-In-Fact

November 28, 2005


Table of Contents

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit No.

 

Title of Exhibit


a(19)   Amendment No. 18 to Declaration of Trust
d(41)   Investment Management Agreement for Mid-Cap Value Fund
d(42)   Investment Management Agreement for Focused International Fund
d(43)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement for Mid-Cap Value Fund
d(44)   Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement for Focused International Fund
h(11)   Expense Limitation Agreement for Mid-Cap Value Fund and Focused International Fund
i(5)   Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray LLP
n   Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan
p(4)   Code of Ethics for Baring International Investment Limited