In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised services. The amount of revenue recognized and reported reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these services and entitled under the contract. Substantially all deferred revenue is recognized within twelve months of the payment date. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps:

4) Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract, and

The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers for the three-months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Three-Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Local, national, digital and network	$	31,547	$	31,457
Special events		6,429		7,093
Barter		1,645		1,838
Other		1,105		1,516
Gross revenue		40,726		41,904
Less: Agency commissions and other		4,451		4,549
Net revenue	$	36,275	$	37,355

Local and digital revenues generally consist of advertising airtime sold in a station’s local market, the Company’s La Musica application or its websites either directly to the advertiser or through an advertiser’s agency. Local revenue includes local spot sales, integrated sales, sponsorship sales and paid-programming (or infomercials). National revenue generally consists of advertising airtime sold to agencies purchasing advertising for multiple markets. National sales are generally facilitated by an outside national representation firm, which serves as an agent in these transactions. Revenues from national advertisers are presented as net of agency commissions as this is the amount that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these services and entitled to under the contract. Network revenue generally consists of advertising airtime sold on the AIRE Radio Networks platform by network sales staff.

A contract for local, national, digital and network advertising exists only at the time commercial substance is present. For each contract, the Company considers the promise to air or display advertisements, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligation. The price as specified on a customer purchase order is considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input which depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances. Revenue is recognized when control is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied), which typically occurs as an advertisement airs or appears.

Special events revenue is generated from ticket sales, as well as through profit-sharing arrangements for producing or co-producing live concerts and events promoted by radio and television stations.

In addition to ticket sales, the Company enters into profit-sharing arrangements to produce or co-produce live concerts and events with partners which may also purchase various production services from the Company. These contracts include multiple promises that the Company evaluates to determine if the promises are separate performance obligations. Once the Company determines the performance obligations and the transaction price, including estimating the amount of variable consideration, the Company then allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract based on a relative stand-alone selling price method or using the variable consideration allocation exception if the required criteria are met. The corresponding revenues are recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied, which may occur over time (i.e. term of agreement) or at a point in time (i.e. event completion). In order to determine if revenue should be reported gross as principal or net as agent, the Company considers indicators such as if it is the party primarily responsible for fulfillment, has inventory risk, and has discretion in establishing price to determine control. When management determines it controls an event, it is acting as the principal and records revenue gross. When management determines it does not control an event, it is acting as an agent and records revenue net.

Barter sales agreements are used to reduce cash paid for operating costs and expenses by exchanging advertising airtime for goods or services.

A contract for barter advertising exists only at the time commercial substance is present. For each contract, the Company considers the promise to air or display advertisements, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligation. The price as specified on a counterparty’s purchase order is considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input which depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances. Revenue is recognized when control is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied), which typically occurs as an advertisement airs or displays.

For the three-months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, barter revenue of $1.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively, was offset by barter expense of $1.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

Other revenue consists of syndication revenue, subscriber revenue and other revenue. Syndication revenue is recognized from licensing various MegaTV content and is payable on a usage-based model. Subscriber revenue is payable in a per subscriber form from cable and satellite providers. Other revenue consists primarily of renting available tower space or sub-channels.

The Company considers signed license or subscriber agreements to be the contract with a customer for the sale of syndicated or subscriber related content. For each contract, the Company considers making content available to the customer to be the identified performance obligation. The price as specified on a counterparty’s agreement, which is generally stated on a per user basis, is considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input which depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances. Revenue is recognized when control is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied), which typically occurs on a month-to-month basis. Other revenues related to renting tower space are recognized in accordance with ASC 842 - Leases.

As part of its consideration of the existence of contracts, the Company evaluates certain factors including the customer’s ability to pay (or credit risk). Advertising contracts are for one year or less. In determining the transaction price the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. In determining whether control has transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer.

During the three-months ended March 31, 2020 there were $0.3 million of local, national, digital and network revenue recognized that were included in the unearned revenue balances at the beginning of the period. During the three-months ended March 31, 2020, there were $0.2 million of special events revenue recognized that were included in the unearned balances at the beginning of period. During the three-months ended March 31, 2020 barter revenue recognized that were included in the unearned revenue balances at the beginning of the period were $0.1 million. Other revenue recognized during the three-months ended March 31, 2020 that were included in unearned revenue balances at the beginning of the period were not significant. At March 31, 2020 there was $2.3 million of variable consideration in the form of agency based volume discounts accrued as contract liabilities within accrued expenses as compared to $2.0 million for the year-ended December 31, 2019. Variable consideration in the form of agency based volume discounts of $0.3 million were recognized and recorded as contract liabilities within accrued expenses during the three- months ended March 31, 2020.

The Company has elected to use the optional exemption in ASC 606-10-50-14 with regard to disclosing balances associated with remaining performance obligations. Revenue expected to be recognized in any future year related to remaining performance obligations, excluding revenue pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less, contracts where revenue is recognized as invoiced and contracts with variable consideration related to undelivered performance obligations, is not material.

ASC 606 requires that the Company capitalize incremental costs of obtaining a contract such as sales commissions. The guidance provides certain practical expedients that limit this requirement. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4 which allows us to recognize the incremental cost of obtaining a contract, such as sales commissions paid to our employees, as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the entity otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.