Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Related Matters (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

(a) Basis of Presentation

The Company adopted FASB ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements- Going Concern, during the first quarter of 2016.  This standard defines management’s responsibility to evaluate conditions or events as related to uncertainties that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures, as applicable. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Spanish Broadcasting System, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, we evaluated subsequent events after the balance sheet date and through the financial statements issuance date.

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going-concern, and do not include any adjustments that might result if we were unable to do so, and contemplate the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.  As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had a working capital deficit due primarily to the classification of our 10¾ %Series B Cumulative Exchangeable Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series B preferred stock”) as a current liability and the classification of our 12.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2017 (the “Notes”) as a current liability. Under Delaware law, our state of incorporation, the Series B preferred stock is deemed equity. Because the holders of the Series B preferred stock are not creditors, they do not have rights of, or remedies available to, creditors. Delaware law does not recognize a right of preferred stockholders to force redemptions or repurchases where the corporation does not have funds legally available. Currently, we do not have sufficient funds legally available to be able to redeem or repurchase the Series B preferred stock and its accumulated unpaid dividends. If we are successful in repaying or refinancing our Notes, and are able to generate legally available funds under Delaware law, we may be required to pay all or a portion of the accumulated preferred dividends and redeem all or a portion of the Series B preferred stock, to extent of the funds legally available.

As discussed in Note 10, the Notes matured on April 15, 2017. Cash from operations or the sale of assets were not sufficient to repay the Notes when they became due. We are working with a team of financial and legal advisors in evaluating all options available to us in executing a comprehensive capitalization plan. These options, include, but are not limited to, selling certain non-core assets (whose net proceeds would be used to repay a portion of outstanding Notes), new financings (including debt, equity-linked securities and equity offerings), an exchange offer with the holders of our Notes (the “Noteholders”), with or without exit consents to amend the terms of the indenture under which the Notes were issued (the “Indenture”), use of cash on hand and a combination of these options. We have been pursuing the sale of certain non-core assets, including certain of our television stations and real estate assets.  We expect to use the net proceeds of these asset sales to repay a portion of the Notes and, thereby deleverage our balance sheet. In connection with our recapitalization plan, we have initiated conversations with representatives of the Noteholders and the holders of the Series B preferred stock regarding these matters. However, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in our recapitalization efforts. We did not repay the Notes at their maturity, as a result of which there was an event of default under the Indenture on April 17, 2017 (April 17, 2017 being the payment date following the Saturday, April 15, 2017 maturity date). In addition, as of the date of the filing of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, we are in default of the security agreement covenant relating to deposit account control agreements and the related Indenture covenant regarding compliance with the security agreement due to the Company initiated transfer of cash balances from controlled accounts to non-controlled accounts, and we are in default under the Future Guarantors covenant of the Indenture (though we have delivered documentation to the Trustee to have the subsidiary become an additional guarantor of the Notes). The Notes will continue to earn interest after the maturity date.  

In the event we are unsuccessful in these efforts and one or more Noteholders seek to exercise remedies against us or our assets, we may be required to seek protection under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, among other things, in order to maximize the value of our company for all of our constituents.  While we believe that a Chapter 11 filing may create an avenue to successfully execute on our strategy, such a filing may also have several negative consequences to our business, including the costs and negative publicity that surrounds such a filing, reduced advertising revenue due to the uncertainty surrounding the filing, the potential need to sell assets (including the equity of our subsidiaries that own our FCC licenses) under distressed circumstances and the risk that we are unable to execute on a successful plan of reorganization.  

The promissory note relating to the acquisition of the Miami studio building was paid on January 3, 2017

Management is responsible for evaluating whether there is substantial doubt about the organization’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures, in accordance with the going concern accounting standard adopted in 2016.  Our inability to obtain financing in adequate amounts and on acceptable terms necessary to operate our business, repay our Notes, redeem or refinance our Series B preferred stock or finance future acquisitions negatively impacts our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include adjustments, if any, that might arise from the outcome of this uncertainty.  

Revenue Recognition

(b) Revenue Recognition

We recognize broadcasting revenue as advertisements are aired on our stations, subject to meeting certain conditions, such as persuasive evidence that an agreement exists, a fixed or determinable price and reasonable assurance of collection. Our revenue is presented net of agency commissions. Agency commissions are calculated based on a stated percentage applied to gross billing revenue. Advertisers remit the gross billing amount to the agency, and then the agency remits gross billings less their commission to us when the advertisement is not placed directly by the advertiser. Payments received in advance of being earned are recorded as customer advances, which are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Valuation of Accounts Receivable

(c) Valuation of Accounts Receivable

We review accounts receivable to determine which accounts are doubtful of collection. In making the determination of the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts, we consider our history of write-offs, relationships with our customers, age of the invoices and the overall creditworthiness of our customers. For each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we generated income from the recovery of previously recognized bad debt expense of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Changes in the credit worthiness of customers, general economic conditions and other factors may impact the level of future write-offs.

Property and Equipment

(d) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, including capital leases, are stated at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. We depreciate the cost of our property and equipment using the straight-line method over the respective estimated useful lives (see note 8). Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the remaining life of the lease or the useful life of the improvements.

Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred; improvements are capitalized. When items are retired or are otherwise disposed of, the related costs and accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts and any resulting gains or losses are credited or charged to operating income.

Assets Held for Sale and for Exchange

(e) Assets Held for Sale and for Exchange

Long lived assets or asset groups that have met the initial criteria to be classified as held for sale or exchange (disposal group) and have not yet been sold are measured at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.  Long-lived asset classified as held for sale or exchange shall not be depreciated (amortized) while classified as held for sale or exchange. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale shall continue to be accrued.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

(f) Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

Accounting for impairment or disposal of long-lived assets requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset.

FCC Broadcasting Licenses

(g) FCC Broadcasting Licenses

Our indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of FCC broadcasting licenses. FCC broadcasting licenses are granted to stations for up to eight years under the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (“the Act”). The Act requires the FCC to renew a broadcast license if: (i) it finds that the station has served the public interest, convenience and necessity; (ii) there have been no serious violations of either the Communications Act of 1934 or the FCC’s rules and regulations by the licensee; and (iii) there have been no other serious violations, which taken together, constitute a pattern of abuse. We intend to renew our licenses indefinitely and evidence supports our ability to do so. Historically, there has been no material challenge to our license renewals. In addition, the technology used in broadcasting is not expected to be replaced by another technology any time in the foreseeable future. The weighted-average period before the next renewal of our FCC broadcasting licenses is 3.9 years.

We do not amortize our FCC broadcasting licenses. We test these indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually or when an event occurs that may indicate that impairment may have occurred. We test our FCC broadcasting licenses for impairment at the market cluster level. We apply the guidance of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350-30-35, Unit of Accounting for Purposes of Testing for Impairment of Intangible Assets Not Subject to Amortization , to certain of our FCC broadcasting licenses, if their market operations are consolidated.

During 2016, we initiated a change in accounting principle and changed the date of our annual impairment test for indefinite-lived intangible assets from December 31 to November 30. The change from year-end to such earlier date was preferable to Management to facilitate interactions with third party valuation specialists and in order to complete the year-end closing process in a more timely fashion.  Management has assessed that the change had no impact on the results of operations in 2016. Were this change in date implemented during 2015, it would have had no impact on the results of the 2015 impairment analysis.

Our valuations principally use the discounted cash flow methodology. This income approach consists of a quantitative model, which assumes the FCC broadcasting licenses are acquired and operated by a third-party. The valuation method used is based on the premise that the only asset that the unbuilt start-up station would possess is the FCC broadcasting license. The valuation method isolates the income attributable to a FCC broadcasting license by modeling a hypothetical greenfield build-up to a normalized enterprise that, by design, lacks inherent goodwill and whose only other assets have essentially been paid for as part of the build-up process. Consequently, the resulting accretion in value is solely attributed to the FCC broadcasting license.

In the discounted cash flow projections, a period of ten years was determined to be an appropriate time horizon for the analysis. The yearly streams of cash flows are adjusted to present value using an after-tax discount rate calculated for the broadcast industry as of December 31 of each year. Additionally, it is necessary to project the terminal value at the end of the ten-year projection period. The terminal value represents the hypothetical value of the licenses at the end of a ten-year period. An estimated amount of taxes are deducted from the assumed terminal value, which accordingly is discounted to net present value.

The key assumptions incorporated in the discounted cash flow model are market revenue projections, market revenue share projections, anticipated operating profit margins and risk adjusted discount rates. These assumptions vary based on the market size, type of broadcast of signal, media competition and audience share. These assumptions primarily reflect industry norms for similar stations/broadcast signals, as well as historical performance and trends of the markets. In the preparation of the FCC broadcasting license appraisals, estimates and assumptions are made that affect the valuation of the intangible asset. These estimates and assumptions could differ from actual results and could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements in the future.

These key assumptions are subject to such factors as: overall advertising demand, station listenership and viewership, audience tastes, technology, fluctuation in preferred advertising media and the estimated cost of capital. Since a number of factors may influence the determination of the fair value of our FCC broadcasting licenses, we are unable to predict whether impairments will occur in the future.

We also consider additional market valuation approaches in assessing whether any impairment may exist at reporting units.  

Based on consideration of these factors, during the year ended December 31, 2016, we determined that there were no impairments for this subject reporting unit. Any significant change in these factors will result in a modification of the key assumptions, which may result in an additional impairment.

Goodwill

(h) Goodwill

Goodwill consists of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired in business combinations. We test goodwill for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level. We have determined that we have two reporting units, Radio and Television. We currently only have goodwill in our radio reporting unit. We have aggregated our operating components (radio stations) into a single radio reporting unit based upon the similarity of their economic characteristics. Our evaluation included consideration of factors, such as regulatory environment, business model, gross margins, nature of services and the process for delivering these services.

The goodwill impairment test is a two-step test. Under the first step, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying value (including goodwill). If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an indication of goodwill impairment exists for the reporting unit and the enterprise must perform step two of the impairment test (measurement). If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, step two does not need to be performed. Under step two, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the implied fair value of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation. The residual fair value after this allocation is the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. Fair value of the reporting unit is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, step two does not need to be performed.

During the years-ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we performed interim and/or annual impairment reviews of our goodwill and determined that there was no impairment of goodwill. The estimated enterprise value of our radio reporting unit exceeded its carrying value during our impairment testing.  When evaluating our estimated enterprise value, we utilized an income approach which uses assumptions and estimates which among others include the aggregated expected revenues and operating margins generated by our FCC broadcasting licenses (i.e. our stations) and use of a risk adjusted discount rate. We did not find reconciliation to our current market capitalization meaningful in the determination of our enterprise value given current factors that impact our market capitalization, including but not limited to: limited trading volume; the impact of our television segment operating losses; and the significant voting control of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.

During 2016, we initiated a change in accounting principle and changed the date of our annual goodwill impairment test from December 31 to November 30. The change from year-end to such earlier date was preferable to Management to facilitate interactions with third party valuation specialists and in order to complete the year-end closing process in a more timely fashion.  Management has assessed that the change had no impact on the results of operations in 2016. Were this change in date implemented during 2015, it would have had no impact on the results of the 2015 impairment analysis.  

Other Intangible Assets, Net

(i) Other Intangible Assets, Net

Other intangible assets, net, consist of favorable leases and agreements acquired. Gross other intangible assets total $2.5 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These assets are being amortized over the lives of the leases; however, not to exceed 40 years.

Amortization expense amounted to $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the five years subsequent to December 31, 2016 is as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31:
2017	$	96
2018		96
2019		96
2020		96
2021		96

Deferred Financing Costs

(j) Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs relates to our Notes (see note 10). Deferred financing costs are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method. During the first quarter of 2016, we adopted an accounting standard related to simplifying the presentation of debt issuance costs, which we have applied retrospectively.  This new standard requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts, and not recorded as separate assets. As a result of the adoption of this accounting standard, we have reclassified $4.5 million, previously included under the non-current asset caption deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization, to the non-current liability caption, 12.5% senior secured notes due 2017 as of December 31, 2015.  In 2016, the deferred financing costs of $1.1 million were presented as a reduction to the current liability caption, 12.5% senior secured notes due 2017, in accordance with the adopted standard.

Barter Transactions

(k) Barter Transactions

Barter transactions represent advertising time exchanged for noncash goods and/or services, such as promotional items, advertising, supplies, equipment and services. Revenue from barter transactions are recognized as income when advertisements are broadcasted. Expenses are recognized when goods or services are received or used. We record barter transactions at the fair value of goods or services received or advertising surrendered, whichever is more readily determinable. Barter revenue amounted to $7.4 million and $7.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Barter expense amounted to $6.9 million and $7.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Unearned revenue consists of the excess of the aggregate fair value of goods or services received by us, over the aggregate fair value of advertising time delivered by us on certain barter customers.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

(l) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and money market accounts at various commercial banks. All cash equivalents have original maturities of 90 days or less.

Income Taxes

(m) Income Taxes

We file a consolidated federal income tax return for substantially all of our domestic operations. We are also subject to foreign taxes on our Puerto Rico operations. We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled and are respectively classified as noncurrent assets or noncurrent liabilities. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. If the realization of deferred tax assets in the future is considered more likely than not, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would increase net income in the period such determination is made. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods which the deferred tax assets are deductible, at this time, management believes it is more likely than not that we will not realize the benefits of the majority of these deductible differences. As a result, we have established and maintained a valuation allowance for that portion of the deferred tax assets we believe will not be realized. We account for uncertain tax positions which require that a position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50%) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Interest and penalties on tax liabilities, if any, would be recorded in interest expense and other noninterest expense, respectively (see note 15).

Advertising Costs

(n) Advertising Costs

We incur advertising costs to add and maintain listeners. These costs are charged to expense in the period incurred. Cash advertising costs amounted to $0.2 million and $0.9 million in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Contingent Liabilities

(o) Contingent Liabilities

Accounting standards require that an estimated loss from a loss contingency shall be accrued when information available prior to the issuance of the financial statements indicate that it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial statements and when the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Accounting for contingencies such as legal and income tax matters requires us to use our judgment. We believe that our accruals for these matters are adequate.

Use of Estimates

(p) Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the allowance for doubtful accounts, the realization of deferred tax assets, the useful lives and future cash flows used for testing the recoverability of property and equipment, the recoverability of FCC broadcasting licenses, goodwill and other intangible assets, the fair value of Level 2 and Level 3 financial instruments, production tax credits, contingencies and litigation. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best judgments. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management adjusts such estimates and assumptions as facts and circumstances dictate. Illiquid credit markets, volatile equity markets and reductions in advertising spending have combined to increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Concentration of Business and Credit Risks

(q) Concentration of Business and Credit Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of risk include primarily cash, trade receivables and financial instruments used in hedging activities (see notes 2(w) and 7). We place our cash with highly rated credit institutions. Although we try to limit the amount of credit exposure with any one financial institution, we do in the normal course of business maintain cash balances in excess of federally insured limits.

Our operations are conducted in several markets across the United States, including Puerto Rico. Our New York, Los Angeles, and Miami markets accounted for more than 60% of net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. Our credit risk is spread across a large number of diverse customers in a number of different industries, thus spreading the trade credit risk. We do not normally require collateral on credit sales; however, a credit analysis is performed before extending substantial credit to any customer and occasionally we request payment in advance. We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based on customers’ payment history and perceived credit risks.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share

(r) Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share was computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and convertible preferred stock outstanding for each period presented. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by giving effect to common stock equivalents as if they were outstanding for the entire period. The following table summarizes the net loss applicable to common stockholders and the net loss per common share for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands, except per share data):

	2016			2015
Net loss	$	(16,342	)	$	(26,955	)
Basic and Diluted net loss per common stock	$	(2.25	)	$	(3.71	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic and Diluted		7,267			7,267

The following is a reconciliation of the shares used in the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands, except per share data):

	2016		2015
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	$	7,267	$	7,267
Effect of dilutive equity instruments		—		—
Dilutive weighted average shares outstanding	$	7,267	$	7,267
Options to purchase shares of common stock and other      stock-based awards outstanding which are not included      in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because      their impact is anti-dilutive		389		95

Fair Value Measurement

(s) Fair Value Measurement

We determine the fair value of assets and liabilities using a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity, and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, essentially an exit price (see note 18). The levels of the fair value hierarchy are:

• Level 1: inputs are quoted prices, unadjusted, in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

• Level 2: inputs are other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. A Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

• Level 3: inputs are unobservable and reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Share-based Compensation Expense

(t) Share-Based Compensation Expense

We account for our share-based compensation expense based on the estimated grant date fair value method using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. For these awards, we have recognized compensation expense using a straight-line amortization method (prorated). Share-based compensation expense is based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest. Share-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were reduced for estimated forfeitures. When estimating forfeitures, we consider voluntary termination behaviors, as well as trends of actual option forfeitures.

Leasing (Operating Leases)

(u) Leasing (Operating Leases)

We recognize rent expense for operating leases with periods of free rent (including construction periods), step rent provisions and escalation clauses on a straight line basis over the applicable lease term. We consider lease renewals in the useful life of related leasehold improvements when such renewals are reasonably assured. We take these provisions into account when calculating minimum aggregate rental commitments under noncancelable operating leases (see note 14). From time to time, we receive capital improvement funding from our lessors. These amounts are recorded as deferred liabilities and amortized over the remaining lease term as a reduction of rent expense.

Segment Reporting

(v) Segment Reporting

Accounting standards establish the way public business enterprises report information about operating segments in annual financial statements and require those enterprises to report selected information about operating segments in interim financial reports issued to stockholders. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.We have two reportable segments: radio and television (see note 19).

Derivative Instrument

(w) Derivative Instrument

We only enter into derivative contracts to hedge against the potential impact of increases in interest rates on our debt instruments. We also only enter into derivative contracts that we intend to designate as a hedge of the variability of cash flows to be paid related to a recognized asset or liability (cash flow hedge).

By using derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates, we expose ourselves to credit risk and market risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. We attempt to minimize the credit risk in derivative instruments by entering into transactions with high-quality counterparties whose credit rating is higher than Aa.

Market risk is the adverse effect on the value of a derivative instrument that results from a change in interest rates. The market risk associated with interest-rate contracts is managed by establishing and monitoring parameters that limit the types and degree of market risk that may be undertaken.

For all hedging relationships, we formally document the hedging relationship and its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged, how the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk will be assessed prospectively and retrospectively, and a description of the method of measuring ineffectiveness. We also formally assess, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting cash flows of hedged items.

We are accounting for our interest rate swap as cash flow hedge, which requires us to recognize our derivative instrument on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. The related gain or loss on this instrument is deferred in stockholders’ deficit as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. The deferred gain or loss on this transaction is recognized in income in the period in which the related item is being hedged and recognized in expense. However, to the extent that the change in value of the derivative contracts does not offset the change in the value of the underlying transaction being hedged, that ineffective portion is immediately recognized into income. We recognize gains and losses immediately when the underlying transaction settles. For cash flow hedges in which hedge accounting is discontinued because it is determined that the derivative no longer qualifies as an effective cash flow hedge, we continue to carry the derivative instrument at its fair value on the consolidated balance sheet and recognize any subsequent changes in its fair value in earnings (change in fair value of derivative instrument). The interest rate swap expired in January 2017, subsequent to year end.

Comprehensive Loss

(x) Comprehensive Loss

Our comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other items recorded directly to the equity accounts. The objective is to report a measure of all changes in equity of an enterprise that result from transactions and other economic events during the period. Our comprehensive loss consists of net loss and gains (losses) on our derivative instrument that qualifies for cash flow hedge treatment.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

(y) Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-03, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (Topic 250) and Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Announcements at the September 22, 2016 and November 17, 2016 EITF Meetings. This new standard adds and amends SEC paragraphs pursuant to the SEC Staff Announcements which include the disclosure requirement of the impact that recently issued accounting standards will have on the financial statements when such standards are adopted in a future period. This update is effective immediately and its adoption will not have a material impact on our financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805). This new standard clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. This update is effective prospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Upon adoption, we will evaluate the accounting implications for any acquisitions we may enter into.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, —Income Taxes (Topic 740). This new standard improves the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. The update is effective retrospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and in interim periods in that reporting period, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the update will have on its financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statements of Cash Flows (Topic 230).  This new standard’s objective is to clarify how companies present and classify certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statements of Cash Flows (Topic 230) which requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This update is effective on a retrospective basis for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted.  We are currently evaluating the impact, if any, that these new standards will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718).  This new standard’s objective is to simplify certain aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions, including (i) income tax consequences, (ii) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and (iii) classification on the statement of cash flows. This update is effective on a prospective, retrospective, and modified retrospective basis for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted.  The Company adopted this accounting standard update, effective January 1, 2017, and determined that there would not be a material impact on our consolidated financial statements as the Company does not have any off balance sheet NOLs to recognize upon adoption and continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842).  This new standard requires organizations that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the lease assets and lease liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases and disclose key information about the leasing agreements.  Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement.  The new guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements.  We are currently evaluating the impact that this new standard will have on our financial position and related disclosures and expect the impact on our assets and liabilities will be material due to the addition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities; however the impact cannot currently be quantified.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Accounting for Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement. The new guidance changes how entities measure equity investments and present changes in the fair value of financial liabilities. The new guidance requires entities to measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted under the equity method at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income unless the investments qualify for the new practicality exception.  A practicality exception will apply to those equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value and do not qualify for the practical expedient to estimate fair value and as such these investments may be measured at cost.  The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any; however, we do not expect this update to have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).  This new standard provides guidance for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of revenue resulting from contracts with customers and will supersede virtually all of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP.  In July 2015, the FASB postponed the effective date of this standard.  The standard is now effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  In May 2016, the FASB issued accounting standards updates to address implementation issues and to clarify the guidance for identifying performance obligations, licenses, and determining if a company is the principal or agent in a revenue arrangement. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, which is intended to make minor corrections and to improve and clarify the implementation guidance of Topic 606. The Company currently expects to adopt the new revenue standard in its first quarter of 2018 and continues to evaluate the method of adoption and the impact of the provisions on our financial position and results of operations, if any.  The company has since implemented an evaluation tool to assist it in clearly determining the risks, materiality and complexities associated with its multiple revenue streams.  Based on the Company’s on-going review, we continue to not expect this update to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations; however, our initial assessment is subject to change.