Investment Securities - Investment Available for Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 87,650	$ 87,047
Allowance for Credit Losses	(4)	(3)
Gross Unrealized Gains	101	154
Gross Unrealized Losses	(12,910)	(10,279)
Securities available for sale (amortized cost of $87.7 billion and $87.0 billion and allowance for credit losses of $4 million and $3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	74,837	76,919
U.S. Treasury securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	5,279	5,129
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Gross Unrealized Gains	1	2
Gross Unrealized Losses	(75)	(90)
Securities available for sale (amortized cost of $87.7 billion and $87.0 billion and allowance for credit losses of $4 million and $3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	5,205	5,041
RMBS, Agency
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	71,122	71,212
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Gross Unrealized Gains	15	53
Gross Unrealized Losses	(11,945)	(9,413)
Securities available for sale (amortized cost of $87.7 billion and $87.0 billion and allowance for credit losses of $4 million and $3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	59,192	61,852
RMBS, Non-agency
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	620	653
Allowance for Credit Losses	(4)	(3)
Gross Unrealized Gains	81	93
Gross Unrealized Losses	(7)	(6)
Securities available for sale (amortized cost of $87.7 billion and $87.0 billion and allowance for credit losses of $4 million and $3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	690	737
RMBS
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	71,742	71,865
Allowance for Credit Losses	(4)	(3)
Gross Unrealized Gains	96	146
Gross Unrealized Losses	(11,952)	(9,419)
Securities available for sale (amortized cost of $87.7 billion and $87.0 billion and allowance for credit losses of $4 million and $3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	59,882	62,589
CMBS, Agency
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	8,718	8,626
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Gross Unrealized Gains	1	4
Gross Unrealized Losses	(880)	(760)
Securities available for sale (amortized cost of $87.7 billion and $87.0 billion and allowance for credit losses of $4 million and $3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	7,839	7,870
Other securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	1,911	1,427
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Gross Unrealized Gains	3	2
Gross Unrealized Losses	(3)	(10)
Securities available for sale (amortized cost of $87.7 billion and $87.0 billion and allowance for credit losses of $4 million and $3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	1,911	1,419
Asset-backed Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Securities available for sale (amortized cost of $87.7 billion and $87.0 billion and allowance for credit losses of $4 million and $3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	$ 1,200	$ 707
US Treasury and Agency securities \| Available-for-sale securities \| Government Contracts Concentration Risk
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Percentage of portfolio	97.00%	97.00%

Amount, before tax, of unrealized gain in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	credit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Amount, before tax, of unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

For an entity that discloses a concentration risk in relation to quantitative amount, which serves as the "benchmark" (or denominator) in the equation, this concept represents the concentration percentage derived from the division.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42

Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 825
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-21

Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 825
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 20
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-20

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 275
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 18
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-18

Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 275
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 20
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-20

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	dtr-types:percentItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Amount excluding accrued interest, of allowance for credit loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 326
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479130/326-30-45-1

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostAllowanceForCreditLossExcludingAccruedInterest
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	credit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Amortized cost excluding accrued interest, before allowance for credit loss, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).

+ References

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Amount excluding accrued interest, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 326
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479130/326-30-45-1

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (aa)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (aaa)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_ScheduleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis=us-gaap_USTreasurySecuritiesMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis=cof_ResidentialMortgageBackedSecuritiesAgencyMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis=cof_ResidentialMortgageBackedSecuritiesNonagencyMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis=us-gaap_ResidentialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis=cof_CommercialMortgageBackedSecuritiesAgencyMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis=us-gaap_OtherDebtSecuritiesMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis=us-gaap_AssetBackedSecuritiesMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryAndGovernmentMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AvailableforsaleSecuritiesMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_GovernmentContractsConcentrationRiskMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type: