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Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable, Gross, Allowance, and Net [Abstract]  
Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitment
NOTE 4—ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND RESERVE FOR UNFUNDED LENDING COMMITMENTS
Our allowance for credit losses represents management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the contractual terms of our loans held for investment as of each balance sheet date. Expected recoveries of amounts previously charged off or expected to be charged off are recognized within the allowance. Significant judgment is applied in our estimation of lifetime credit losses. When developing an estimate of expected credit losses, we use both quantitative and qualitative methods in considering all available information relevant to assessing collectability. This may include internal information, external information or a combination of both relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Management will consider and may qualitatively adjust for conditions, changes and trends in loan portfolios that may not be captured in modeled results. These adjustments are referred to as qualitative factors and represent management’s judgment of the imprecision and risks inherent in the processes and assumptions used in establishing the allowance for credit losses.
We have unfunded lending commitments in our Commercial Banking business that are not unconditionally cancellable by us and for which we estimate expected credit losses in establishing a reserve. This reserve is measured using the same measurement objectives as the allowance for loans held for investment. We build or release the reserve for unfunded lending commitments through the provision for credit losses in our consolidated statements of income, and the related reserve for unfunded lending commitments is included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
See “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2021 Form 10-K for further discussion of the methodology and policy for determining our allowance for credit losses for each of our loan portfolio segments, as well as information on our reserve for unfunded lending commitments.
Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments Activity
The table below summarizes changes in the allowance for credit losses and reserve for unfunded lending commitments by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Our allowance for credit losses increased by $779 million to $12.2 billion as of September 30, 2022 from December 31, 2021.
Table 4.1: Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments Activity
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Credit CardConsumer BankingCommercial BankingTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of June 30, 2022$8,166 $2,047 $1,278 $11,491 
Charge-offs
(1,047)(410)(13)(1,470)
Recoveries(1)
352 186 1 539 
Net charge-offs(695)(224)(12)(931)
Provision (benefit) for credit losses1,261 285 119 1,665 
Allowance build (release) for credit losses566 61 107 734 
Other changes(2)
(16)0 0 (16)
Balance as of September 30, 20228,716 2,108 1,385 12,209 
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
Balance as of June 30, 20220 0 239 239 
Provision for losses on unfunded lending commitments0 0 4 4 
Balance as of September 30, 20220 0 243 243 
Combined allowance and reserve as of September 30, 2022$8,716 $2,108 $1,628 $12,452 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Credit CardConsumer BankingCommercial BankingTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of December 31, 2021$8,345 $1,918 $1,167 $11,430 
Charge-offs
(3,011)(1,090)(73)(4,174)
Recoveries(1)
1,031 584 16 1,631 
Net charge-offs(1,980)(506)(57)(2,543)
Provision (benefit) for credit losses2,387 696 275 3,358 
Allowance build (release) for credit losses407 190 218 815 
Other changes(2)
(36)0 0 (36)
Balance as of September 30, 20228,716 2,108 1,385 12,209 
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
Balance as of December 31, 20210 0 165 165 
Provision for losses on unfunded lending commitments0 0 78 78 
Balance as of September 30, 20220 0 243 243 
Combined allowance and reserve as of September 30, 2022$8,716 $2,108 $1,628 $12,452 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
(Dollars in millions)Credit CardConsumer BankingCommercial BankingTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of June 30, 2021$8,873 $2,203 $1,270 $12,346 
Charge-offs(735)(264)(20)(1,019)
Recoveries(1)
369 213 11 593 
Net charge-offs(366)(51)(9)(426)
Provision (benefit) for credit losses(198)(91)(55)(344)
Allowance build (release) for credit losses(564)(142)(64)(770)
Other changes(2)
(3)0 0 (3)
Balance as of September 30, 20218,306 2,061 1,206 11,573 
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
Balance as of June 30, 20210 0 164 164 
Provision (benefit) for losses on unfunded lending commitments0 0 2 2 
Balance as of September 30, 20210 0 166 166 
Combined allowance and reserve as of September 30, 2021$8,306 $2,061 $1,372 $11,739 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(Dollars in millions)Credit CardConsumer BankingCommercial BankingTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of December 31, 2020$11,191 $2,715 $1,658 $15,564 
Charge-offs(2,695)(866)(47)(3,608)
Recoveries(1)
1,125 735 41 1,901 
Net charge-offs(1,570)(131)(6)(1,707)
Provision (benefit) for credit losses(1,325)(523)(446)(2,294)
Allowance build (release) for credit losses(2,895)(654)(452)(4,001)
Other changes(2)
10 0 0 10 
Balance as of September 30, 20218,306 2,061 1,206 11,573 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(Dollars in millions)Credit CardConsumer BankingCommercial BankingTotal
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
Balance as of December 31, 20200 0 195 195 
Provision (benefit) for losses on unfunded lending commitments0 0 (29)(29)
Balance as of September 30, 20210 0 166 166 
Combined allowance and reserve as of September 30, 2021$8,306 $2,061 $1,372 $11,739 
__________
(1)The amount and timing of recoveries are impacted by our collection strategies, which are based on customer behavior and risk profile and include direct customer communications, repossession of collateral, the periodic sale of charged off loans as well as additional strategies, such as litigation.
(2)Primarily represents foreign currency translation adjustments and initial allowance for purchase credit-deteriorated loans. The initial allowance of purchase credit-deteriorated loans was $10 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Credit Card Partnership Loss Sharing Arrangements
We have certain credit card partnership agreements that are presented within our consolidated financial statements on a net basis, in which our partner agrees to share a portion of the credit losses on the underlying loan portfolio. The expected reimbursements from these partners are netted against our allowance for credit losses. Our methodology for estimating reimbursements is consistent with the methodology we use to estimate the allowance for credit losses on our credit card loan receivables. These expected reimbursements result in reductions to net charge-offs and the provision for credit losses. See “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2021 Form 10-K for further discussion of our credit card partnership agreements.
The table below summarizes the changes in the estimated reimbursements from these partners for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.
Table 4.2: Summary of Credit Card Partnership Loss Sharing Arrangements Impacts
Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)20222021
Estimated reimbursements from partners, beginning of period$1,302 $1,711 
Amounts due from partners which reduced net charge-offs(127)(80)
Amounts expected to become due from (to) partners which reduced (increased) provision for credit losses237 (181)
Estimated reimbursements from partners, end of period$1,412 $1,450 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)20222021
Estimated reimbursements from partners, beginning of period$1,450 $2,159 
Amounts due from partners which reduced net charge-offs(353)(349)
Amounts expected to become due from (to) partners which reduced (increased) provision for credit losses315 (360)
Estimated reimbursements from partners, end of period$1,412 $1,450