Our loan portfolio consists of loans held for investment, including loans held in our consolidated trusts, and loans held for sale. We further divide our loans held for investment into three portfolio segments: credit card, consumer banking and commercial banking. Credit card loans consist of domestic and international credit card loans. Consumer banking loans consist of auto and retail banking loans. Commercial banking loans consist of commercial and multifamily real estate as well as commercial and industrial loans. The information presented in this section excludes loans held for sale, which are carried at either fair value (if we elect the fair value option) or at the lower of cost or fair value. Amounts include the impacts of COVID-19 customer assistance programs where applicable.

Accrued interest receivable of $1.1 billion and $1.2 billion as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, is not included in the tables in this note. The table below presents the composition and aging analysis of our loans held for investment portfolio as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The delinquency aging includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming.


	March 31, 2021
				Delinquent Loans
(Dollars in millions)	Current			30-59 Days			60-89 Days			> 90 Days			Total Delinquent Loans			Total Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card	$	89,059		$	527		$	393		$	1,120		$	2,040		$	91,099
International card businesses	7,819			71			47			91			209			8,028
Total credit card	96,878			598			440			1,211			2,249			99,127
Consumer Banking:
Auto	64,828			1,565			545			121			2,231			67,059
Retail banking	3,091			28			8			16			52			3,143
Total consumer banking	67,919			1,593			553			137			2,283			70,202
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	29,854			38			0			116			154			30,008
Commercial and industrial	43,670			43			6			75			124			43,794
Total commercial banking	73,524			81			6			191			278			73,802
Total loans(1)	$	238,321		$	2,272		$	999		$	1,539		$	4,810		$	243,131
% of Total loans	98.02		%	0.94		%	0.41		%	0.63		%	1.98		%	100.00		%


	December 31, 2020
				Delinquent Loans
(Dollars in millions)	Current			30-59 Days			60-89 Days			> 90 Days			Total Delinquent Loans			Total Loans
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card	$	96,116		$	755		$	464		$	1,169		$	2,388		$	98,504
International card businesses	8,218			90			58			86			234			8,452
Total credit card	104,334			845			522			1,255			2,622			106,956
Consumer Banking:
Auto	62,381			2,252			907			222			3,381			65,762
Retail banking	3,064			28			19			15			62			3,126
Total consumer banking	65,445			2,280			926			237			3,443			68,888
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	30,340			136			22			183			341			30,681
Commercial and industrial	44,941			69			15			74			158			45,099
Total commercial banking	75,281			205			37			257			499			75,780
Total loans(1)	$	245,060		$	3,330		$	1,485		$	1,749		$	6,564		$	251,624
% of Total loans	97.39		%	1.32		%	0.59		%	0.70		%	2.61		%	100.00		%

The following table presents our loans held for investment that are 90 days or more past due that continue to accrue interest, loans that are classified as nonperforming and loans that are classified as nonperforming without an allowance as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Nonperforming loans generally include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status.


	March 31, 2021									December 31, 2020
(Dollars in millions)	> 90 Days and Accruing			Nonperforming Loans(1)			Nonperforming Loans Without an Allowance			> 90 Days and Accruing			Nonperforming Loans(1)			Nonperforming Loans Without an Allowance
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card	$	1,120		N/A			$	0		$	1,169		N/A			$	0
International card businesses	87			$	14		0			82			$	21		0
Total credit card	1,207			14			0			1,251			21			0
Consumer Banking:
Auto	0			192			0			0			294			0
Retail banking	0			36			11			0			30			0
Total consumer banking	0			228			11			0			324			0
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	0			234			219			51			200			184
Commercial and industrial	0			448			255			0			450			265
Total commercial banking	0			682			474			51			650			449
Total	$	1,207		$	924		$	485		$	1,302		$	995		$	449
% of Total loans held for investment	0.5		%	0.4		%	0.2		%	0.5		%	0.4		%	0.2		%

We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to assess and manage our exposure to credit risk. We discuss these risks and our credit quality indicator for each portfolio segment below.

Our credit card loan portfolio is highly diversified across millions of accounts and numerous geographies without significant individual exposure. We therefore generally manage credit risk based on portfolios with common risk characteristics. The risk in our credit card loan portfolio correlates to broad economic trends, such as unemployment rates and home values, as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. The key indicator we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our credit card loan portfolio is delinquency trends, including an analysis of loan migration between delinquency categories over time.


	March 31, 2021						December 31, 2020
(Dollars in millions)	Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card:
Current	$	88,609	$	450	$	89,059	$	95,629	$	487	$	96,116
30-59 days	511		16		527		734		21		755
60-89 days	382		11		393		451		13		464
Greater than 90 days	1,107		13		1,120		1,155		14		1,169
Total domestic credit card	90,609		490		91,099		97,969		535		98,504

International card businesses:
Current	7,753		66		7,819		8,152		66		8,218
30-59 days	63		8		71		79		11		90
60-89 days	40		7		47		47		11		58
Greater than 90 days	83		8		91		76		10		86
Total international card businesses	7,939		89		8,028		8,354		98		8,452
Total credit card	$	98,548	$	579	$	99,127	$	106,323	$	633	$	106,956

Our consumer banking loan portfolio consists of auto and retail banking loans. Similar to our credit card loan portfolio, the risk in our consumer banking loan portfolio correlates to broad economic trends, such as unemployment rates, gross domestic product and home values, as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. The key indicator we monitor when assessing the credit quality and risk of our auto loan portfolio is borrower credit scores as they measure the creditworthiness of borrowers. Delinquency trends are the key indicator we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our retail banking loan portfolio.

The table below presents our consumer banking portfolio of loans held for investment by credit quality indicator as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. We present our auto loan portfolio by FICO scores at origination and our retail banking loan portfolio by delinquency status, which includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming.


	March 31, 2021
	Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total

Auto—At origination FICO scores:(1)
Greater than 660	$	4,632	$	12,126	$	7,169	$	4,010	$	2,302	$	977	$	31,216	$	0	$	0	$	31,216
621-660	1,749		5,311		3,238		1,749		987		444		13,478		0		0		13,478
620 or below	2,390		8,852		5,666		2,915		1,685		857		22,365		0		0		22,365
Total auto	8,771		26,289		16,073		8,674		4,974		2,278		67,059		0		0		67,059

Retail banking—Delinquency status:
Current	332		880		227		201		212		650		2,502		582		7		3,091
30-59 days	0		0		0		5		2		3		10		18		0		28
60-89 days	0		0		0		0		0		5		5		3		0		8
Greater than 90 days	0		0		0		1		1		4		6		9		1		16
Total retail banking(2)	332		880		227		207		215		662		2,523		612		8		3,143
Total consumer banking	$	9,103	$	27,169	$	16,300	$	8,881	$	5,189	$	2,940	$	69,582	$	612	$	8	$	70,202


	December 31, 2020
	Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		Total Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total

Auto—At origination FICO scores:(1)
Greater than 660	$	13,352	$	8,091	$	4,675	$	2,810	$	1,168	$	203	$	30,299	$	0	$	0	$	30,299
621-660	5,781		3,631		2,003		1,172		488		109		13,184		0		0		13,184
620 or below	9,550		6,298		3,317		1,985		886		243		22,279		0		0		22,279
Total auto	28,683		18,020		9,995		5,967		2,542		555		65,762		0		0		65,762

Retail banking—Delinquency status:
Current	1,041		233		206		222		167		537		2,406		651		7		3,064
30-59 days	0		0		7		1		2		2		12		15		1		28
60-89 days	0		0		1		0		5		4		10		8		1		19
Greater than 90 days	0		0		0		1		1		4		6		9		0		15
Total retail banking(2)	1,041		233		214		224		175		547		2,434		683		9		3,126
Total consumer banking	$	29,724	$	18,253	$	10,209	$	6,191	$	2,717	$	1,102	$	68,196	$	683	$	9	$	68,888

(1)Amounts represent period-end loans held for investment in each credit score category. Auto credit scores generally represent average FICO scores obtained from three credit bureaus at the time of application and are not refreshed thereafter. Balances for which no credit score is available or the credit score is invalid are included in the 620 or below category.

The key credit quality indicator for our commercial loan portfolios is our internal risk ratings. We assign internal risk ratings to loans based on relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to repay their debt. In determining the risk rating of a particular loan, some of the factors considered are the borrower’s current financial condition, historical and projected future credit performance, prospects for support from financially responsible guarantors, the estimated realizable value of any collateral and current economic trends. The scale based on our internal risk rating system is as follows:

•Criticized performing: Loans in which the financial condition of the obligor is stressed, affecting earnings, cash flows or collateral values. The borrower currently has adequate capacity to meet near-term obligations; however, the stress, left unabated, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects at some future date.

•Criticized nonperforming: Loans that are not adequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as criticized nonperforming have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, which jeopardize the full repayment of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain a credit loss if the deficiencies are not corrected and are generally placed on nonaccrual status.

We use our internal risk rating system for regulatory reporting, determining the frequency of credit exposure reviews, and evaluating and determining the allowance for credit losses for commercial loans. Generally, loans that are designated as criticized performing and criticized nonperforming are reviewed quarterly by management to determine if they are appropriately classified/rated and whether any impairment exists. Noncriticized loans are also generally reviewed, at least annually, to determine the appropriate risk rating. In addition, we evaluate the risk rating during the renewal process of any loan or if a loan becomes past due.

The following table presents our commercial banking portfolio of loans held for investment by internal risk ratings as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The internal risk rating status includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming.


	March 31, 2021
	Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Internal risk rating:(1)
Commercial and multifamily real estate
Noncriticized	$	610	$	3,498	$	4,788	$	3,200	$	1,230	$	5,997	$	19,323	$	6,845	$	0	$	26,168
Criticized performing	154		304		507		488		351		1,729		3,533		48		25		3,606
Criticized nonperforming	0		0		11		30		6		187		234		0		0		234
Total commercial and multifamily real estate	764		3,802		5,306		3,718		1,587		7,913		23,090		6,893		25		30,008
Commercial and industrial
Noncriticized	2,024		8,846		7,223		3,851		2,552		4,483		28,979		11,091		61		40,131
Criticized performing	85		255		926		330		202		226		2,024		1,149		42		3,215
Criticized nonperforming	19		74		58		75		53		5		284		164		0		448
Total commercial and industrial	2,128		9,175		8,207		4,256		2,807		4,714		31,287		12,404		103		43,794
Total commercial banking(2)	$	2,892	$	12,977	$	13,513	$	7,974	$	4,394	$	12,627	$	54,377	$	19,297	$	128	$	73,802


	December 31, 2020
	Term Loans by Vintage Year
(Dollars in millions)	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		Total Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Internal risk rating:(1)
Commercial and multifamily real estate
Noncriticized	$	3,791	$	4,932	$	3,232	$	1,437	$	1,649	$	4,904	$	19,945	$	7,114	$	0	$	27,059
Criticized performing	320		446		515		355		391		1,258		3,285		112		25		3,422
Criticized nonperforming	0		11		30		6		3		150		200		0		0		200
Total commercial and multifamily real estate	4,111		5,389		3,777		1,798		2,043		6,312		23,430		7,226		25		30,681
Commercial and industrial
Noncriticized	9,761		7,890		4,043		2,717		1,832		3,034		29,277		11,548		80		40,905
Criticized performing	316		794		521		252		106		215		2,204		1,498		42		3,744
Criticized nonperforming	74		108		25		51		9		0		267		183		0		450
Total commercial and industrial	10,151		8,792		4,589		3,020		1,947		3,249		31,748		13,229		122		45,099
Total commercial banking(2)	$	14,262	$	14,181	$	8,366	$	4,818	$	3,990	$	9,561	$	55,178	$	20,455	$	147	$	75,780

Additional guidance issued by the Federal Banking Agencies and contained in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act provides banking organizations with TDR relief for modifications of current borrowers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In adherence with the guidance, we assessed all loan modifications introduced to current borrowers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic through March 31, 2021, that would have been designated as TDRs under our existing policies, and followed guidance that any such eligible loan modifications made on a temporary and good faith basis are not considered TDRs. We consider the impact of all loan modifications, including those offered via our COVID-19 programs, when estimating the credit quality of our loan portfolio and establishing allowance levels. For our Commercial Banking customers, enrollment in a customer assistance program is also considered in the assignment of an internal risk rating.

Total recorded TDRs were $2.0 billion and $2.1 billion as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. TDRs classified as performing in our credit card and consumer banking loan portfolios totaled $1.3 billion as of both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. TDRs classified as performing in our commercial banking loan portfolio totaled $354 million and $442 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Commitments to lend additional funds on loans modified in TDRs totaled $178 million and $173 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

As part of our loan modification programs to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, we may provide multiple concessions to minimize our economic loss and improve long-term loan performance and collectability. The following tables present the major modification types, amortized cost amounts and financial effects of loans modified in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.


			Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
			Reduced Interest Rate				Term Extension
(Dollars in millions)	Total Loans Modified(1)		% of TDR Activity(2)		Average Rate Reduction		% of TDR Activity(2)		Average Term Extension (Months)
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card	$	44	100	%	16.12	%	0	%	0
International card businesses	39		100		27.74		0		0
Total credit card	83		100		21.58		0		0
Consumer Banking:
Auto	115		35		9.02		95		3

Total consumer banking	115		35		9.02		95		3
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	20		0		0.00		100		14
Commercial and industrial	44		0		0.00		25		2


Total commercial banking	64		0		0.00		48		10
Total	$	262	47		33.62		54		5


			Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
			Reduced Interest Rate				Term Extension
(Dollars in millions)	Total Loans Modified(1)		% of TDR Activity(2)		Average Rate Reduction		% of TDR Activity(2)		Average Term Extension (Months)
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card	$	89	100	%	16.45	%	0	%	0
International card businesses	51		100		27.32		0		0
Total credit card	140		100		20.41		0		0
Consumer Banking:
Auto	123		20		3.34		94		5
Retail banking	3		1		12.50		0		4
Total consumer banking	126		20		3.36		92		5
Commercial Banking:
Commercial and multifamily real estate	19		0		0.00		100		12
Commercial and industrial	7		0		0.00		0		0


Total commercial banking	26		0		0.00		73		12
Total	$	292	56		17.87		46		6

(1)Represents the amortized cost of total loans modified in TDRs at the end of the period in which they were modified. As not every modification type is included in the table above, the total percentage of TDR activity may not add up to 100%. Some loans may receive more than one type of concession as part of the modification.

The following table presents the type, number and amortized cost of loans modified in TDRs that experienced a default during the period and had completed a modification event in the twelve months prior to the default. A default occurs if the loan is either 90 days or more delinquent, has been charged off as of the end of the period presented or has been reclassified from accrual to nonaccrual status.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2021	2020
(Dollars in millions)			Number of Contracts	Amount		Number of Contracts	Amount
Credit Card:
Domestic credit card			5,134	$	10	10,886	$	22
International card businesses			17,202	28		17,857	26
Total credit card			22,336	38		28,743	48
Consumer Banking:
Auto			2,031	29		1,275	16

Retail banking			5	0		1	0
Total consumer banking			2,036	29		1,276	16
Commercial Banking:

Commercial and industrial			0	0		6	28


Total commercial banking			0	0		6	28
Total			24,372	$	67	30,025	$	92

For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, we converted $97 million and $160 million of revolving loans to term loans, primarily in our domestic credit card and commercial banking loan portfolios.