Fair Value Measurement - Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	$ 41,120	$ 40,737
Other assets:
Derivative Assets, Gross Amount	773	1,494
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Liability and Obligation to Return Cash, Offset	(309)	(539)
Consumer MSRs	85	80
Liabilities:
Derivative Liabilities, Gross Amount	879	1,438
Derivative Asset	464	955
Derivative Liabilities	524	1,102
Derivative Credit Risk Valuation Adjustment, Derivative Assets (Liabilities)	3	5
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Asset and Right to Reclaim Cash, Offset	(355)	(336)
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	41,120	40,737
Other assets:
Derivative Assets, Gross Amount	464	955
Other Assets Fair Value, Amount	529	500
Total assets	42,113	42,192
Liabilities:
Derivative Liabilities, Gross Amount	524	1,102
Total liabilities	524	1,102
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 1
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	5,496	5,360
Other assets:
Derivative Assets, Gross Amount	2	7
Other Assets Fair Value, Amount	256	219
Deferred Compensation Plan Assets	256	219
Total assets	5,754	5,586
Liabilities:
Derivative Liabilities, Gross Amount	1	12
Total liabilities	1	12
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 2
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	35,169	34,799
Other assets:
Derivative Assets, Gross Amount	714	1,440
Other Assets Fair Value, Amount	0	0
Total assets	35,883	36,239
Liabilities:
Derivative Liabilities, Gross Amount	846	1,397
Total liabilities	846	1,397
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 3
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	455	578
Other assets:
Derivative Assets, Gross Amount	57	47
Other Assets Fair Value, Amount	273	281
Consumer MSRs	85	80
Retained interests in securitizations	188	201
Total assets	785	906
Liabilities:
Derivative Liabilities, Gross Amount	32	29
Total liabilities	32	29
US Treasury securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	5,215	5,065
US Treasury securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 1
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	5,215	5,065
US Treasury securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 2
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	0	0
US Treasury securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 3
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	0	0
RMBS \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	29,128	29,249
RMBS \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 1
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	0	0
RMBS \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 2
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	28,699	28,731
RMBS \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 3
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	429	518
CMBS \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	4,926	4,988
CMBS \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 1
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	0	0
CMBS \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 2
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	4,909	4,937
CMBS \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 3
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	17	51
Other ABS \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	627	714
Other ABS \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 1
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	0	0
Other ABS \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 2
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	627	714
Other ABS \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 3
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	0	0
Other securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	1,224	721
Other securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 1
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	281	295
Other securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 2
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	934	417
Other securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Level 3
Securities available for sale:
Securities available for sale	$ 9	$ 9

Derivative Credit Risk Valuation Adjustment, Derivative Assets (Liabilities)

No definition available.

Name:	cof_DerivativeCreditRiskValuationAdjustmentDerivativeAssetsLiabilities
Namespace Prefix:	cof_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	credit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Other assets that were recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets, including Consumer Mortgage Servicing rights, Retained interest in securities trust and deferred compensation plan assets

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:	cof_OtherAssetsFairValueAmount
Namespace Prefix:	cof_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Other Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:	cof_OtherAssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract
Namespace Prefix:	cof_
Data Type:	xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Fair value portion of probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66048111&loc=d3e19207-110258

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Amount of investment in debt and equity securities categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Section 25
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65884222&loc=d3e22054-111558

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Subparagraph (aa)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73527792&loc=d3e27232-111563

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66010992&loc=d3e26610-111562

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecurities
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	instant

- References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAbstract
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of assets held under deferred compensation agreements.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.17)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6877327&loc=d3e13212-122682

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DeferredCompensationPlanAssets
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Fair value, before effects of master netting arrangements, of a financial asset or other contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset. Includes assets not subject to a master netting arrangement and elected not to be offset.

+ References

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DerivativeAssetFairValueGrossAssetIncludingNotSubjectToMasterNettingArrangement
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Fair value of liability associated with financial asset or other contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset, and obligation to return cash collateral under master netting arrangements.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 5
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6945355&loc=d3e41228-113958

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51824906&loc=SL20225862-175312

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 8
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51825145&loc=SL20226003-175313

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DerivativeAssetFairValueGrossLiabilityAndObligationToReturnCashOffset
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	credit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Fair value, after the effects of master netting arrangements, of a financial asset or other contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset. Includes assets not subject to a master netting arrangement and not elected to be offset.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51824906&loc=SL20225862-175312

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 6
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6945355&loc=d3e41271-113958

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 825
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73719730&loc=d3e13433-108611

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 5
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6945355&loc=d3e41228-113958

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 825
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73719730&loc=d3e13495-108611

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 10
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51825145&loc=SL20226008-175313

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DerivativeAssets
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Fair value, after the effects of master netting arrangements, of a financial liability or contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset. Includes liabilities not subject to a master netting arrangement and not elected to be offset.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 10
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51825145&loc=SL20226008-175313

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 825
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73719730&loc=d3e13495-108611

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51824906&loc=SL20225862-175312

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 825
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73719730&loc=d3e13433-108611

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 6
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6945355&loc=d3e41271-113958

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 5
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6945355&loc=d3e41228-113958

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DerivativeLiabilities
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	credit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Fair value of asset associated with financial liability or contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset, and right to receive cash collateral under master netting arrangements.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 8
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51825145&loc=SL20226003-175313

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 5
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6945355&loc=d3e41228-113958

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51824906&loc=SL20225862-175312

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DerivativeLiabilityFairValueGrossAssetAndRightToReclaimCashOffset
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Fair value, before effects of master netting arrangements, of a financial liability or contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset. Includes liabilities not subject to a master netting arrangement and elected not to be offset.

+ References

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_DerivativeLiabilityFairValueGrossLiabilityIncludingNotSubjectToMasterNettingArrangement
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	credit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Fair value of financial obligations, including, but not limited to, debt instruments, derivative liabilities, federal funds purchased and sold under agreements to repurchase, securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, financial instruments sold not yet purchased, guarantees, line of credit, loans and notes payable, servicing liability, and trading liabilities.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_FinancialLiabilitiesFairValueDisclosure
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	credit
Period Type:	instant

- References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_FinancialLiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

- Definition

Fair value portion of interest continued to be held by a transferor after transferring financial assets to a third party.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 10
-Section 15
-Paragraph 4
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68074228&loc=d3e94415-111705

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_RetainedInterestFairValueDisclosure
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	instant

- Definition

Fair value of an asset representing net future revenue from contractually specified servicing fees, late charges, and other ancillary revenues, in excess of future costs related to servicing arrangements.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 860
-SubTopic 50
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (a)(1)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68078379&loc=d3e122625-111746

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_ServicingAssetAtFairValueAmount
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	instant

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_USTreasurySecuritiesMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_ResidentialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_CommercialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=cof_OtherAssetbackedSecuritiesMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type:

- Details

Name:	us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=cof_OtherDebtandEquitySecuritiesMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type: